Rockbridge Alum Springs, Virginia copper printing plate

Access and use

Location of collection:
University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.
Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library
University of Virginia
P.O. Box 400110
160 McCormick Rd
Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4110
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Brenda Gunn
Phone: (434) 924-1037
Phone: (434) 243-1776
Fax: (434) 924-4968
Restrictions:

This collection has been miminally processed and is open for research.

Preferred citation:

MSS 16961, Alum Springs, Rockbridge, Virginia copper printing plate, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.

Summary

Extent:
.03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)
Language:
English
Preferred citation:

MSS 16961, Alum Springs, Rockbridge, Virginia copper printing plate, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.

Background

Scope and content:

This collection contains a copper plate engraved with a scene from Rockbridge Alum Springs. The resort name is diplayed in script at the top of the plate. It shows the main pavilion of the Alum Spring resort, built to supply spring water and various visitors to the springs, including horse-drawn carriages, ladies with parasols, and men loading crates of "Alum water" onto wagons.

Biographical / historical:

Development of what would become the Rockbridge Alum Springs resort began in 1790 when Alexander Campbell and John Dunlap purchased a 2,000-acre tract, including the mineral springs. Around 1820 Dunlap opened informal accommodations for visitors seeking the water's reputed medicinal benefits, and in 1834 a small resort hotel followed. Before 1850 the Campbell family constructed a three-story brick Central Hotel. In 1852 the property passed to John W. Frazier for $150,000, who immediately launched an ambitious building campaign that more than doubled existing accommodations. The rebuilt resort opened June 1, 1853, and under William Frazier's management became one of Virginia's most fashionable destinations, ranking second only to White Sulphur Springs in popularity and capable of accommodating 600 to 800 guests by 1859. The surviving buildings reflect Frazier's eclecticism, drawing on Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, and vernacular traditions. Beyond resort operations, William Frazier actively marketed the springs through bottled water sales and printed promotional literature.

The Civil War ended the resort's antebellum prosperity when the complex was converted to a Confederate hospital. Competition from the adjacent Jordan Alum Springs, which opened a four-story Grand Hotel in 1873, further weakened its position. The two properties merged under new ownership in 1880, a railroad spur from Goshen was constructed to bring guests directly to the hotel, and further renovations were undertaken, but the resort never regained its antebellum standing. The main hotel closed in 1903, and the property finally succumbed during the Great Depression, selling in 1941 for $7,000. In 1942 Harold Bailey, a naval architect and ornithologist, purchased the property and undertook significant restoration, though he demolished the original Central Hotel to build a museum for his ornithological collection on its site. Following the deaths of Mr. and Mrs. Bailey the property passed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University before entering private ownership.

The district was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on April 21, 1987, and on the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1989.

References

"Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District." Virginia Department of Historic Resources, DHR file no. 081-0086. https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/081-0086/. Accessed May 6, 2026.

Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks Staff. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Rockbridge Alum Springs Historic District." Richmond: Virginia Division of Historic Landmarks, 1987. On file, Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Richmond, VA. Listed January 19, 1989, NRHP reference no. 88003204.

Acquisition information:
This collection was purchased from Christine Cameron by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 14 July 2023.
Physical description:
Good.
Rules or conventions:
Describing Archives: A Content Standard

Indexed terms

Subjects:
Engraving (printing process)
Names:
Rockbridge County (Va.)