Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869

Access and use

Location of collection:
Library of Virginia
The Library of Virginia
800 East Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Archives Reference Services
Phone: (804) 692-3888
Restrictions:

There are no restrictions.

Terms of access:

There are no restrictions.

Preferred citation:

Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869. Local government records collection, Northumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.

Summary

Extent:
.1 cubic feet (1 box)
Creator:
Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court
Language:
English
Preferred citation:

Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869. Local government records collection, Northumberland County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.

Background

Scope and content:

Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.

Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.

Biographical / historical:

Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.

See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.

First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.

During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.

Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.

Acquisition information:
This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County, accession number 43487.
Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into the following series:

  • Series I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.

Chronologically by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.