Northumberland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1799, 1816

Access and use

Location of collection:
Library of Virginia
The Library of Virginia
800 East Broad Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Contact for questions and access:
POC: Archives Reference Services
Phone: (804) 692-3888
Restrictions:

There are no restrictions.

Terms of access:

There are no restrictions.

Preferred citation:

Northumberland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1799, 1816. Local government records collection, Northumberland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.

Summary

Creator:
Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court
Language:
English
Preferred citation:

Northumberland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1799, 1816. Local government records collection, Northumberland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.

Background

Scope and content:

Northumberland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1799, 1816, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.

Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.

Biographical / historical:

Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)

Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.

Acquisition information:
These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Northumberland County.
Arrangement:

Arranged chronologically.

Physical location:
Library of Virginia
Physical description:
.10 cu. ft.