<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><ead xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9 https://www.loc.gov/ead/ead.xsd"><eadheader countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" langencoding="iso639-2b" repositoryencoding="iso15511"><eadid countrycode="US" mainagencycode="US-viw">Antioch-Piney-Swamp-Project-records</eadid><filedesc><titlestmt><titleproper type="filing">Antioch Piney Swamp Project records</titleproper><titleproper>Guide to the Antioch Piney Swamp Project records <num>MS 00423</num></titleproper><author>William &amp; Mary Special Collections Research Center staff</author></titlestmt><publicationstmt><publisher>Special Collections Research Center</publisher><p id="logostmt"><extref xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/logos/wm.jpg" xlink:show="embed" xlink:type="simple"/></p><p><date>September 2025</date></p><address><addressline>William &amp; Mary Special Collections Research Center</addressline><addressline>Earl Gregg Swem Library</addressline><addressline>400 Landrum Dr</addressline><addressline>Williamsburg, Virginia</addressline><addressline>Business Number: 757-221-3090</addressline><addressline>spcoll@wm.edu</addressline><addressline>URL: <extptr xlink:href="https://libraries.wm.edu/libraries-spaces/special-collections" xlink:show="new" xlink:title="https://libraries.wm.edu/libraries-spaces/special-collections" xlink:type="simple"/></addressline></address></publicationstmt></filedesc><profiledesc><creation>This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on <date>2026-07-18 17:01:34 -0400</date>.</creation><langusage>Description is written in: <language langcode="eng" scriptcode="Latn">English, Latin script</language>.</langusage><descrules>Describing Archives: A Content Standard</descrules></profiledesc></eadheader><archdesc level="collection">
  <did>
    <repository>
      <corpname>Special Collections Research Center</corpname>
    </repository>
    <unittitle>Antioch Piney Swamp Project records</unittitle>
    <unitid>MS 00423</unitid>
    <unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/resources/9998</unitid>
    <physdesc altrender="whole">
      <extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">140  Megabytes</extent>
    </physdesc>
    <unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024/2024">2024</unitdate>
    <langmaterial>
      <language langcode="eng" scriptcode="Latn">English</language>
    </langmaterial>
  </did>
  <accessrestrict id="aspace_c6ebe39df279a893fbbf94b6a24bfa79">
    <head>Conditions Governing Access</head>
<p>Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.</p>  </accessrestrict>
  <odd id="aspace_fefd985c261fb409e423785ac9ac7891">
    <head>General</head>
<p>William &amp; Mary Libraries' archival, digital and physical collections may contain content with harmful language or difficult subject matters. We strive for transparency in making these materials available for teaching and research, but we do not endorse the attitudes, prejudices or behaviors found within them.</p><p>William &amp; Mary Libraries' perspective on harmful content and language aligns with the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) and university libraries around the world.</p>  </odd>
  <prefercite id="aspace_cb5e22149d4e44c83e74584b4d84852f">
    <head>Preferred Citation</head>
<p>Antioch Piney Swamp Project records, Special Collection Research Center, William &amp; Mary Libraries.</p>  </prefercite>
  <scopecontent id="aspace_39c277b724a12f42c0a716c637b2d068">
    <head>Content Description</head>
<p>Research files and oral history collection about the history of the Antioch Baptist Church in Gloucester, Virginia. Oral histories will be accessioned at the item level.</p>  </scopecontent>
  <userestrict id="aspace_da0b57a25d756505958bbdcc672fba67">
    <head>Conditions Governing Use</head>
<p>Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.</p>  </userestrict>
  <controlaccess>
    <subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject>
    <subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject>
    <subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Gloucester County</subject>
  </controlaccess>
  <dsc><c id="aspace_cd4164774774032cffea01979dbc0292" level="file"><did><unittitle>Crowell, Nathaniel Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647856</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">743.2 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_35de1c764d382c2d8481540b6568c900"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Nathaniel Crowell is a descendent of founding members of Antioch Baptist Church and current resident of New York City, NY. Crowell explains his relation to Piney Swamp community member, Florida Patterson, through his paternal grandmother's family, and relays information about her immediate family's lives in Piney Swamp. He relays information such as various family members' and community individuals' occupations, anecdotes about their day-to-day lives, and how many families eventually relocated to states such as New York and Pennsylvania.</p></scopecontent><acqinfo id="aspace_7ea1e4732de04f982272ee92389252ba"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore, Director of Special Collections Research Center, via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></acqinfo><controlaccess><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Gloucester County</subject><subject source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--History</subject><geogname source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--Genealogy.</geogname><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject><subject source="lcsh">Oral histories</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_f0b02a051ba7c7160c9c52fa348b83b4" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647857</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_5c392047040069e8d48fb889e182f078" level="file"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647858</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_f09010328496a48332c3caf0e19fc38d" level="file"><did><unittitle>Carter-Shamai, Sam Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/648001</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">592.3 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_dc40086ec2d8df731e893cdbdc9335be"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Sam Carter-Shamai is a resident of Toronto and descendant of founding members of Antioch Baptist Church in Gloucester, VA. In this oral history, he recalls the lives of his family in Gloucester County before moving to Toronto. He describes his parents' and grandparents' struggles during the era of Jim Crow while living in the area, as well as his grandather's involvement as a local chair of a branch of the NAACP. He goes on to relay details regarding the foundation of Antioch Baptist Church, such as it being the result of a schism from the members of the nearby First Baptist Church. Additionally, he describes the conditions which led to his family relocating to Canada.</p></scopecontent><acqinfo id="aspace_d743e8317a0d847e0772cb811b0ba7b2"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore, Director of Special Collections Research Center, via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></acqinfo><controlaccess><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Gloucester County</subject><subject source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--History</subject><geogname source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--Genealogy.</geogname></controlaccess><c id="aspace_17e352e3592de313443c97c0b1ee3cf3" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/648002</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_ce0d235dd3282c6117ceb16a6109c458" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/648003</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_6c4602e2d15648183dd86097ee174eb5" level="file"><did><unittitle>Edith Townes and Marquis Townes Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647860</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">1.58 Gigabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_40bf0dad14b59a774419cd167ae7ea51"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Edith Townes, and her son, Marquis Townes, recount their family history with the Historic Antioch Church &amp; Cemetery in Gloucester County. They resided between Baltimore, Maryland, and Virginia over the course of their lives, and speak about their upbringings, the relationship between First Baptist and Antioch, local history, and church events.</p></scopecontent><acqinfo id="aspace_99f49ab4f204baf7a492f017e172e4d6"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></acqinfo><controlaccess><subject source="lcsh">Oral histories</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh2021006074" source="lcsh">Libraries -- Special collections -- Oral history</subject><subject source="lcsh">African American women--History--Sources</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="local">Baptist Church--Virginia--History</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85011729" source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Baptism and church membership</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_bda28cd598c0ce1e56cfecf7308886ec" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647861</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_42bede2ec34124f9ad32c801cc09bdf8" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647862</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-04/2024-08-04">2024 August 4</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_f1f2430c47374a1d16ca0c34c3dfb946" level="file"><did><unittitle>Lenora Davis and David Davis Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647847</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">499.9 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_662c1bbe2a64480f343193d6c1fc24eb"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Lenora Davis recounts the history of her family's involvement with the Historic Antioch Church &amp; Cemetery in Gloucester County with the assistance of David Davis. Her great-grandfather John Allen helped establish the church, and her family has been involved in its' operation ever since. She also speaks about her life growing up in Maryland and Virginia, touching on topics such a desegregation, urban vs rural living, and religious ceremonies.</p></scopecontent><acqinfo id="aspace_dd3eca0f0cd09e7afcf8ab151b8d1587"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></acqinfo><controlaccess><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Desegregation</subject><subject source="local">Baptist Church--Virginia--History</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85011729" source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Baptism and church membership</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="lcsh">African American women--History--Sources</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh2021006074" source="lcsh">Libraries -- Special collections -- Oral history</subject><subject source="lcsh">Oral histories</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_e84e88485f4ec9d540105ed349cf74fe" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647848</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_47c60bece69c57f9eb88277275ff5b9d" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647849</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_b1808f252205410df208f91a136a4074" level="file"><did><unittitle>Cynthia Foster Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647853</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">288.8 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_4ff117db478b56f706f299a911c857ef"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Cynthia Foster speaks about growing up and living in Gloucester County, as well as her personal and familial relationship with The Historic Antioch Church &amp; Cemetery. She recounts her father's experience as a preacher; a roll that she served later on.</p></scopecontent><acqinfo id="aspace_d3e87f6e2e1323d960b7fdf858f026bb"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></acqinfo><controlaccess><subject source="lcsh">Oral histories</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh2021006074" source="lcsh">Libraries -- Special collections -- Oral history</subject><subject source="local">Baptist Church--Virginia--History</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85011729" source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Baptism and church membership</subject><subject source="lcsh">African American women--History--Sources</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_29bc34021c68a2c80667102bca917a06" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647854</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_03c991ba7ddeba9d6e3c5bbbb0ff9b5f" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647855</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_95453bfc35cb4e80015a8be307b8d87c" level="file"><did><unittitle>Marble, Medina Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647850</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">595.4 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-02/2024-08-02">2024 August 2</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_9b01d1e1a35da85ec32cdf9da6241d6c"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Medina Marble is a member of the Baptist ministry and community member of Antioch Baptist Church in Gloucester, VA. Marble describes her early life growing up in Clifton Forge and the role of Christianity in her upbringing. She describes her profession as a teacher at the Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind in Hampton, VA and her later calling to become involved in the Baptist ministry in the 1980s. Marble goes on to describe her involvement with the community once she arrived in Gloucester and the importance Antioch Baptist Church had on her life. She describes the changing size and involvement of the congregation through periods of her life and major historical events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></scopecontent><scopecontent id="aspace_eee936df517bdadc534e30619f022286"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore, Director of Special Collections Research Center, via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Gloucester County</subject><subject source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--History</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_1eeb145c2a400b4ddd9dc02e71af0afb" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647851</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-02/2024-08-02">2024 August 2</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_26d05c8b922c4294c30a704c2301fe1f" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647852</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-02/2024-08-02">2024 August 2</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_72297afedf8f368841c2b7022e1dd760" level="file"><did><unittitle>Marsha Spencer Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647863</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">451.7 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did><acqinfo id="aspace_abe14656227aa58c386966ad9ffedfc1"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred to Jay Gaidmore via Microsoft OneDrive.</p></acqinfo><scopecontent id="aspace_50101538b96166f77dfd661bfc95bbeb"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Marsha Green Spencer speaks about her childhood and her relationship with the Historic Antioch Church &amp; Cemetery in Gloucester County. She names local residents that she met growing up, discusses an encounter her father had with the Ku Klux Klan, and describes the school life of her parents under segregation.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject authfilenumber="sh85110237" source="lcsh">Race discrimination</subject><subject source="lcsh">Oral histories</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh2021006074" source="lcsh">Libraries -- Special collections -- Oral history</subject><subject source="local">Baptist Church--Virginia--History</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85011729" source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Baptism and church membership</subject><subject source="lcsh">African American women--History--Sources</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_9ee2d258b5d395af1f7985793654ad5e" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647864</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_c170c54ffd240cd646654a59074c5ece" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/647865</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c></c><c id="aspace_c05eafe26acf7a06710396c547eba6d9" level="file"><did><unittitle>Smith, Timothy Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/648004</unitid><physdesc altrender="whole"><extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">700.1 Megabytes</extent></physdesc><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_60478378ded8837ef42442c24b53c0db"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Timothy Smith is a resident of Gloucester County and member of the Antioch Baptist Church congregation. In this oral history, he recalls his family history and childhood growing up in the Piney Swamp area of Gloucester County, VA in the 1960s and 1970s. He goes on to describe aspects of Antioch Baptist Church's history, including events such as the wiring of the church for electricity in the 1970s and the tornado that struck the church in 2000. He also describes other developments in the church, such as renovations, the installation of air conditioning, and bell/steeple replacements. He explains that many of the stories he had heard regarding the church's building history were from former deacon, Donald Grimes.</p></scopecontent><acqinfo id="aspace_ba84ba5522eac1ebc623841d7f45351b"><head>Immediate Source of Acquisition</head><p>Transferred via Microsoft OneDrive to Jay Gaidmore, Director of Special Collections Research Center.</p></acqinfo><controlaccess><subject authfilenumber="sh85001817" source="lcsh">African American churches</subject><subject source="lcsh">Oral histories</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Gloucester County</subject><geogname authfilenumber="n79060172" source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Gloucester County (Va.)</geogname><subject source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--History</subject><geogname source="lcsh">Gloucester County (Va.)--Genealogy.</geogname></controlaccess><c id="aspace_98c26052450038a3abc72bfb9dc7336d" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/648005</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c><c id="aspace_bef37e4f52bf5199153b42d11c7d7a7b" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/648006</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" normal="2024-08-03/2024-08-03">2024 August 3</unitdate></did></c></c></dsc>
</archdesc>
</ead>