<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><ead xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9 https://www.loc.gov/ead/ead.xsd"><eadheader countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" langencoding="iso639-2b" repositoryencoding="iso15511"><eadid countrycode="US" mainagencycode="US-viw">Rosenwald-School-Oral-History-Project</eadid><filedesc><titlestmt><titleproper type="filing">Rosenwald School Oral History Project</titleproper><titleproper>Guide to the Rosenwald School Oral History Project  <num>MS 00396</num></titleproper><author>William &amp; Mary Special Collections Research Center staff</author></titlestmt><publicationstmt><publisher>Special Collections Research Center</publisher><p id="logostmt"><extref xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:href="https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/logos/wm.jpg" xlink:show="embed" xlink:type="simple"/></p><p><date>April 2024</date></p><address><addressline>William &amp; Mary Special Collections Research Center</addressline><addressline>Earl Gregg Swem Library</addressline><addressline>400 Landrum Dr</addressline><addressline>Williamsburg, Virginia</addressline><addressline>Business Number: 757-221-3090</addressline><addressline>spcoll@wm.edu</addressline><addressline>URL: <extptr xlink:href="https://libraries.wm.edu/libraries-spaces/special-collections" xlink:show="new" xlink:title="https://libraries.wm.edu/libraries-spaces/special-collections" xlink:type="simple"/></addressline></address></publicationstmt></filedesc><profiledesc><creation>This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on <date>2025-05-23 07:04:21 -0400</date>.</creation><langusage>Description is written in: <language langcode="eng" scriptcode="Latn">English, Latin script</language>.</langusage><descrules>Describing Archives: A Content Standard</descrules></profiledesc></eadheader><archdesc level="collection">
  <did>
    <repository>
      <corpname>Special Collections Research Center</corpname>
    </repository>
    <unittitle>Rosenwald School Oral History Project</unittitle>
    <unitid>MS 00396</unitid>
    <unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/resources/9823</unitid>
    <physdesc altrender="whole">
      <extent altrender="materialtype spaceoccupied">3.55 Gigabytes</extent>
    </physdesc>
    <unitdate datechar="creation" type="inclusive">2023-2024</unitdate>
    <langmaterial>
      <language langcode="eng" scriptcode="Latn">English</language>
    </langmaterial>
  </did>
  <userestrict id="aspace_32c264707ed43cc2f093c9a63165286d">
    <head>Conditions Governing Use</head>
<p>Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.</p>  </userestrict>
  <accessrestrict id="aspace_95a77d27294f8ce49ff57c518fec6a37">
    <head>Conditions Governing Access</head>
<p>Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.</p>  </accessrestrict>
  <scopecontent id="aspace_7c118756beee0e86c30bd2dcb266bd7c">
    <head>Content Description</head>
<p>This oral history project accompanys and is used extensively for the "A Better Life for Their Children: Julius Rosenwald, Booker T. Washington, and the 4,978 Schools that Changed America" exhibit, which will be on display in the Virginia Museum of History &amp; Culture from May 2024 until April 2025. The exhibit and the oral history project examine the legacy of Julius Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington co-creating schools in the American South to educate Black children otherwise exluded from the public school system due to segregation laws. The oral history project consists of interviews with former pupils of Rosenwald schools in Virginia.</p>  </scopecontent>
  <controlaccess>
    <subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject>
    <subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">Segregation</subject>
    <subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject>
    <subject source="lcsh">College of William and Mary--History</subject>
    <subject authfilenumber="sh85070489" source="lcsh">Jews, American</subject>
    <subject authfilenumber="sh2018002321" source="lcsh">Rosenwald schools</subject>
  </controlaccess>
  <dsc><c id="aspace_39969c09dce0314e30afb2ec4a6e50f8" level="file"><did><unittitle>Armstrong, Nadine Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610406</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2024 January 5</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_0ac00ae70ac255300a53125e07d08969"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Nadine Armstrong attended the Westview Rosenwald School which is no longer standing. Her interview was conducted in the Dunbar school now being restored. Nadine Armstrong discusses her family background, her experience as a former pupil of a Rosenwald school and the efforts to restore the schools. Nadine Armstrong details the typical day and experiences attending a Rosenwald school during segregation.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History--20th century</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_128b4a6568e4faed3a07ad75c7c130a1" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid502</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610407</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_2c53d9545d5d793006e5a7f20ca9a8d2" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid503</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610408</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_cb265b01ca642c739b1643e54016512b" level="file"><did><unittitle>Beach, Patricia Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610410</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2024 January 3</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_010b57bc1ddd35049430eebf46bb83ab"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Patricia Beach is a former pupil of the Cape Charles Elementary School, a former Rosenwald school. Patricia Beach describes her life and experiences living in Cape Charles during segregation. Patricia Beach details a typical day attending a former Rosenwald School.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History--20th century</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_667de1d4749f9a5981f678776c0f5b12" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview </unittitle><unitid>cuid504</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610411</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_a38b31ffe5cb0c42c429f7793cbb038d" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid505</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610412</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_3440b6424c514171caff9cdfdbebd1a0" level="file"><did><unittitle>Davis, Dianne Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610388</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2024 January 3</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_14a94bb5d820d7f9a072986cbe8e425f"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Dianne Davis is a former pupil of the Cape Charles Elementary School, a former Rosenwald Schools. Dianne Davis recounts her time as a pupil attending Cape Charles Elementary School, a segregated school funded by Julius Rosenwald and created by Booker T. Washington. Dianne discusses the typical day attending a Rosenwald school and her hopes for the restoration of the school.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Virginia--History--20th century</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_995d553fe27cd1fb8f8ce194eaa6e095" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid490</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610389</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_7e5ff956f02618b58301c638c8c30a82" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid491</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610390</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_1a0f058609ae811be8182261fa1790f1" level="file"><did><unittitle>Fletcher, Mary Anne Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610400</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2023 December 13</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_b14112268c99287d798ee91682f5d212"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Mary Anne Fletcher is a former pupil of the Bena Hayes Rosenwald school in Bena, VA. Mary Anne Fletcher describes her experiences attending a former Rosenwald school, a typical day in the classroom and her family background. Mary Anne Fletcher discusses her experiences as a Rosenwald student and her hopes for the restored Woodville school.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History--20th century</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_81c6c78a5f9af9e52d33011ae4b77e27" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid498</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610401</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_0bcef9937c0960735dbfc768f74fe3a8" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid499</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610402</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_734ad6553b050d62e37b3ebeb1a32385" level="file"><did><unittitle>Hicks, Delores Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610385</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2023 December 19</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_7eb6b77f4fccac9a8d62cf09d8f7b01c"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Deloris Hicks is a former pupil of Campbell County and Evington Elementary Schools. Deloris Hicks describes a typical day attending a former Rosenwald school, her family background and community efforts to restore the Rosenwald schools in Virginia. Deloris Hicks recounts her time as a student attending a Rosenwald school during segregation in Virginia.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject authfilenumber="sh2018002321" source="lcsh">Rosenwald schools</subject><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_12b656eb8515dd536b5e7029c9ceba1c" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid488</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610386</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_0905e141a7ae013d6ec3d019e15579c4" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid489</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610387</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_5cde760c69fa9b13b2bacd85aa7e465c" level="file"><did><unittitle>James, Frank Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610391</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation" type="inclusive">2023 December 19</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_9b623f5a09bc5f7ab5bac79a6e29b78c"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Frank James is a former pupil of the Campbell County Elementary School. Frank James describes his experiences attending a Virginia Rosenwald School during segregation. He discusses his family background, the typical day at a school and the community response to the school and the efforts to restore it. Frank James describes his experience attending a Rosenwald School in Virginia.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh2018002321" source="lcsh">Rosenwald schools</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_c671fd0c64a6bbdbddd14bf8185b73fd" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid492</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610392</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_2819bdc14c1bfdb7d6190a8a40fc7d31" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid493</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610393</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_cd28e2d0ffcde29ab8dc9cf712e1f229" level="file"><did><unittitle>Pettigrew, Geraldine Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610394</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2023 December 19</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_252c0b68811913070d2c06dd200743bf"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Geraldine Pettigrew is a former pupil of the Campbell County Elementary School, a former Rosenwald school. Geraldine Pettigrew recounts her experiences attending the Campbell County Elementary School in Rustberg Virginia during segregation. The Rosenwald School were created by Booker T. Washington and funded by Julius Rosenwald. Together they built over 4900 schools across the south to provide an education for black children. Geraldine Pettigrew describes what a typical day was like attending the former Rosenwald School and the community response, and also her thoughts on the future hopes for the site.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject authfilenumber="sh2018002321" source="lcsh">Rosenwald schools</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History--20th century</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_fdc3cb6ede1289b59ccdd98f7ae8604a" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid494</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610395</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_a6fedcaa31af951fb18c48bda262a318" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid495</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610396</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_252f212dfc097877505f49982c56098b" level="file"><did><unittitle>Randall, Marion Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610397</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2023 December 13</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_33b7a4f8438c2d002415ae4a37b8776a"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Marion Randall is a former pupil of the Bena Hayes School, a Rosenwald school. Marion Randall recalls her experiences attending the Bena Hayes (Rosenwald) school in Bena Virginia. The Rosenwald schools were funded by Julius Rosenwald and designed by Booker T. Washington. Together they created over 4900 schools across the south to aid in the education of Black people during segregation. Marion Randall discusses a typical day attending a Rosenwald school, her family background and the community response. She attended the Bena Hayes school but the school is not longer standing.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History--20th century</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Gloucester County</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_6a19321e62388526bd0c67272e841a31" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid496</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610398</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_b5373db859aa3a4c87fa84128ae00204" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid497</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610399</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_b866d74a3c3c531196338709e99d6445" level="file"><did><unittitle>Scales, Michael Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610403</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2023 February 13</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_9e00c8fe266e92de12571a4d1731c7a5"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Michael Scales is a former pupil of the Pine Grove School. Michael describes his experiences living in Cumberland County, attending a Rosenwald school and the efforts to restore the building. Michael describes the typical day attending school during segregation.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--History--20th century</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject><subject source="lcsh">African Americans--Virginia--Cumberland County--History</subject><subject source="local">Historic sites--Conservation and restoration</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_d01649363871581d2776b8dfd5e49ca7" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid500</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610404</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_62290bf52df3076ff129ef3469e8f391" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript </unittitle><unitid>cuid501</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610405</unitid></did></c></c><c id="aspace_cd3582faa75573f130fababd499e9640" level="file"><did><unittitle>Williams, Charles Oral History</unittitle><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610382</unitid><unitdate datechar="creation">2024 January 3</unitdate></did><scopecontent id="aspace_f3f01bd70aac78a5e5c48e88af3cd2bb"><head>Scope and Contents</head><p>Charles Williams is a former pupil of the Cape Charles Elementary School. Charles Williams describes his experiences attending a Rosenwald School. He discusses his family life and his life after leaving school and his hopes for the restored building. Charles Williams details the typical day and experiences attending the Cape Charles Elementary School and the high school in Matchipongo, VA.</p></scopecontent><controlaccess><subject source="local">African Americans--Education--Virginia</subject><subject source="lcsh">Civil rights--United States--History--20th century</subject><subject source="Library of Congress Subject Headings">African Americans -- Segregation</subject></controlaccess><c id="aspace_d91eba12f617e876db75dfd845f921ca" level="item"><did><unittitle>Interview</unittitle><unitid>cuid486</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610383</unitid></did></c><c id="aspace_3283fee536a5e70e043abd1ba8a4ab3e" level="item"><did><unittitle>Transcript</unittitle><unitid>cuid487</unitid><unitid type="aspace_uri">/repositories/2/archival_objects/610384</unitid></did></c></c></dsc>
</archdesc>
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