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Papers, 1765-1922, of the Carpenter family of Rockingham County, Virginia. Includes papers of John Carpenter, William Carpenter and Thomas W. Carpenter. Includes letters, 1837, from Tennessee; and letters, 1851-1853, from Missouri; Confederate currency; accounts, 1810-1817, of C. T. Jones with Doctor John B. Botts; the will of Godfrey Hoge of Philadelphia; and a manuscript recipe booklet, ca. 1800.

Papers (including business and personal correspondence and accounts), chiefly 1867-1893, of Charles T. O'Ferrall, member of the Democratic Party, lawyer, judge, Congressman and governor. His papers include a daybook, 1865-1866, of the American Hotel, Staunton, Va.; his fee book, 1869-1873; and papers concerning legal cases. Collection includes letters, 11 December 1868-18 February 1869 and 1877, of O'Ferrall's first wife, Annie McLain Hand O'Ferrall ; his brothers, R.H. O'Ferrall, and I. Frank O'Ferrall, and his cousin, F. K. O'Ferrall.

Papers, 1769-1912, including letters, 1861-1874, written to David A. Bucher, dentist of Shade Gap, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania and later, of Bridgewater, Rockingham County, Virginia. The letters are from relatives and friends in Bridgewater, Virginia, Martinsburg, West Virginia, Hancock, Maryland, Orbisonia, Carlisle, McConnellsburg, Gettysburg and Round Grove, Pennsylvania and Polk City, Iowa. One letter concerns the Battle of Gettysburg.

Accounts, 1855-1857, of Effinger, Thurmond, & Co., merchants of [Rockingham County, Va. ?]; and one letter, 1887, written by Grace Thurmond, Taylor Springs, Va.

Letters received chiefly by Emma Virginia "Ginnie" (Frye) Hatfield of Rockingham County and Augusta County, Virginia and West Virginia from her brothers Hiram E. "Hiley" Hatfield of Georgia, who served in the Civil War in the Valley Brass Band, 48th Virginia Infantry Regiment; and John F. Hatfield, who also served in the Civil War under the 10th Virginia Infantry Regiment. There are also many letters to Ginny from her brother-in-law and sister, James W. Thomas and Mary M. "Molly" Thomas of Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Subjects covered in the letters include Confederate camp conditions and Civil War battles, maintaining a household during and after the war, and the daily lives of men and women.

Ledgers, 1835-1843 and 1866-1873, of a farmer kept in Rockingham County, Va. The earlier account book includes accounts with free blacks [William Wanser and William Cook (formerly W. Canada)].

Account book, 1858-1874, of Hiram Martz, in Rockingham County, Virginia. Some entries with the military during the Civil War.

Ledger, 1872-1884, of J. G. H. Miller, merchant, of Millbank, Rockingham County, Va. which includes entries, 1865-1866, for Conrad's Store.

This journal contains John P. Louderback's first-hand account of the First Battle of Manassas (or Bull Run) during the American Civil War. John Louderback served in the 10th Virginia Infantry, most likely Company I (Page Volunteers), although his company could not be verified. The 10th Virginia Infantry was part of the 4th Brigade of the Armies of the Shenandoah. This brigade participated towards the end of the First battle of Manassas (or Bull Run). The account is only five pages while the rest of the journal consists of birth and death dates for the Louderback and Holtz families of Page County, Virginia. Also included in the journal are local newspaper articles from Page County and Rockingham County, Virginia.

Records, 1869, for students at Mountain Valley School House [Rockingham County, Va.]; records, 1870, of Howver's School, Rockingham County, Va.; and records, n.d., of Singer's Glen [School, Rockingham County, Va.] The volume includes accounts, formulae, and memoranda of Joseph McMullen [Rockingham County, Va. ?]