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Gloucester County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1866-1931, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.

Gloucester County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1854-1919, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.

Gloucester County (Va.) Register of Convicts, 1871-1885, is a comprehensive register of "every person convicted in the County Court or other Court of Record of Gloucester County, of Felony, or other infamous offence." Based on a form, the listings of each conviction include the individual's name in full and any aliases, the present and last known residence of the accused, the color or race of the individual (including white, black, tawney and mulatto), the individual's height, eye color, hair color and any identifying marks, the apparent or known age of the accused, his or her occupation, the offence, the court in which convicted, the date of conviction and page of record and whether the judgment was reversed or pardon granted and date thereof. Page 5 of the volume is blank.

Gloucester County (Va.) School Records, 1886-1891; 1897, are comprised of a Virginia Public School Register for Abingdon School District, 1896-1891; and a plat and survey of a lot sold to Abingdon School District Trustees, 1897. The register is a record of studies pursued and attendance, and lists names and age of students, and age, along with the teacher’s term report (listing days taught, enrollment, attendance, number of students enrolled in each subject, and other statistical information), and the number of visits to the school. Schools were segregated by race. The collection contains registers of Georgia W. Sinclair who taught at White School No. 7, White School No. 8, and White Public School No. 2.

Gloucester County (Va.) Tax Accounts, 1770-1771, was used by county sheriff, Thomas Smith, to record early tax information. The volume lists individual tax accounts--noting parish and county levies, quit rents, muster fines as well as tax on each set of wheels under a passenger vehicle as well as county accounts. The volume has an unnumbered internal index. The index lists surnames A-Y. For the most part, the individual's last name appears according to its order within the volume. As noted by a researcher transcribing the volume, the volume is " a list taken in the parishes of Abingdon, Petsworth and Ware. The book gives only a partial list of those names in the three parishes, as a number of pages are missing and torn. Many of the names are found only in the index, which is also incomplete and for those no record can be given of land or property." The volume was conserved at some point and preserves some later doodles and poetry--added perhaps when the volume was in private hands.

Gloucester County (Va.) Township Records, 1871-1875, are 2 volumes of minutes and accounts relating to the administrative functions of township boards of the county.