- Saint Andrew's Society of Washington, D.C. records, 1861/19951
- Samuel H. Yonge papers, 1890/19351
- Samuel Hanway Papers, 1782/18181
- Samuel Henley Letter to Mr. Johnson, 1775/18002
- Samuel Henley Papers, 1772/18042
- Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/20172
- Scott and Gunnell family papers, 1772/19901
- Scottish Court of Session records, 1757/183419
- Sessional Records of South-Central Virginia Churches, 1760/19922
- Seth Stowers Ledger, 1769/18112
- Shakes Letter Collection (MS005), 1778/20152
- Sheet Music Collection, 1827/19743
- Shelton H. Short III papers, 1970/19902
- Shenandoah County Historical Society Collection, 1147/20009
- Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents, 1751/1968, bulk 1901/19353