{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=9\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=8\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=10\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1412\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":9,"next_page":10,"prev_page":8,"total_pages":1412,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":80,"total_count":14112,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"178. Johnson, Malinda","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00001_c05_c01"],"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001_c05","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c05","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Photographs \n               n.d."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Photographs \n               n.d."],"text":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Photographs \n               n.d.","178. Johnson, Malinda","Box-folder \n                  8:178"],"title_filing_ssi":"178. Johnson, Malinda","title_ssm":["178. Johnson, Malinda"],"title_tesim":["178. Johnson, Malinda"],"normalized_title_ssm":["178. Johnson, Malinda"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":187,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  8:178"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00001.xml","title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1957-3"],"text":["1957-3","Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","There are no restrictions.","Series I: Correspondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n          Container: 1 \n          Container: 2 \n          Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II: Financial and legal \n          Container: 3 \n          Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III: Speeches and Writings \n          Containers: 4-7 \n          Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.","Series IV: Photographs \n          Containers: 8-14 \n          Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.","Series V: Printed (Memorabilia) \n          Container: 15 \n          Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI: Scrapbooks \n          Containers: 16-19 \n          Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.","Series VII: Artifacts \n          Containers: 20-25 \n          Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII: Oversize \n          Container: \n          Maps and Photos","In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.","The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.","There are no restrictions.","The William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1957-3"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n            Virginia State University around 1957."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I:\u003c/emph\u003eCorrespondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 1 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 2 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II:\u003c/emph\u003eFinancial and legal \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 3 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTeaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III:\u003c/emph\u003eSpeeches and Writings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 4-7 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFour boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV:\u003c/emph\u003ePhotographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 8-14 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V:\u003c/emph\u003ePrinted (Memorabilia) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 15 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAnnouncements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI:\u003c/emph\u003eScrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 16-19 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSome of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII:\u003c/emph\u003eArtifacts \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 20-25 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHousehold articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII:\u003c/emph\u003eOversize \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMaps and Photos\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n          Container: 1 \n          Container: 2 \n          Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II: Financial and legal \n          Container: 3 \n          Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III: Speeches and Writings \n          Containers: 4-7 \n          Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.","Series IV: Photographs \n          Containers: 8-14 \n          Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.","Series V: Printed (Memorabilia) \n          Container: 15 \n          Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI: Scrapbooks \n          Containers: 16-19 \n          Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.","Series VII: Artifacts \n          Containers: 20-25 \n          Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII: Oversize \n          Container: \n          Maps and Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThen, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n            Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n            Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":381,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c05_c01"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c25","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"18th Annual Session \n1901","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00008_c02_c25#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c25","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00008_c02_c25"],"id":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c25","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008","_root_":"vipets_vipets00008","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00008_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00008","vipets_vipets00008_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00008","vipets_vipets00008_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports"],"text":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports","18th Annual Session \n1901","Box-folder \n2:45"],"title_filing_ssi":"18th Annual Session \n 1901","title_ssm":["18th Annual Session \n1901"],"title_tesim":["18th Annual Session \n1901"],"normalized_title_ssm":["18th Annual Session \n1901"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":47,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n2:45"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#24","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00008","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008","_root_":"vipets_vipets00008","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00008","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00008.xml","title_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"title_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1980-36"],"text":["1980-36","Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","This collection\ncontains ca. 200 pieces.","There are no restrictions.","In series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.","The second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970.","James Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" ","Elder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.","The plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. ","During October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"","The denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.","Controversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.","Bishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.","The merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated.","The Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.","Howell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.","These papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.","These papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.","The papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used.","There are no restrictions.","The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1980-36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["James Oliver Allen gave these papers to the Virginia\nState University Archives/Special Collections Department in\nhopes of a publication of a book on this denomination. They\nare to be preserved, administered, and used by the Virginia\nState University Archives/Special Collections under\ncustomary practices and guidelines of general archival\nadministration. Copyrights were transferred to Virginia\nState University by Deed of Gift in February 1980.\nAccession Number: 1980-36."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\ncontains ca. 200 pieces."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["In series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.","The second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eControversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" ","Elder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.","The plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. ","During October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"","The denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.","Controversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.","Bishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.","The merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, 1876-1974,\nAccession # 1980-36, Special Collections and Archives,\nJohnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University,\nPetersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, 1876-1974,\nAccession # 1980-36, Special Collections and Archives,\nJohnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University,\nPetersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.","Howell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.","These papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.","These papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.","The papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":90,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00008_c02_c25"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"18 Unidentified Pictures","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27_c06","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27_c06"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27_c06","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series A: Personal","Schools and Pupils \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series A: Personal","Schools and Pupils \n                     \n                     1930-1935"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series A: Personal","Schools and Pupils \n                     \n                     1930-1935","18 Unidentified Pictures"],"title_filing_ssi":"18 Unidentified Pictures","title_ssm":["18 Unidentified Pictures"],"title_tesim":["18 Unidentified Pictures"],"normalized_title_ssm":["18 Unidentified Pictures"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":568,"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#26/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"text":["1997-77","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c27_c06"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"1940 Peabody Yearbook","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02_c01"],"id":"vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00037","_root_":"vipets_vipets00037","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00037","vipets_vipets00037_c05","vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00037","vipets_vipets00037_c05","vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972","Series V: Scrapbooks, Yearbook, and\n               Teacher's Registry","Sub-series B: Yearbook"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972","Series V: Scrapbooks, Yearbook, and\n               Teacher's Registry","Sub-series B: Yearbook"],"text":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972","Series V: Scrapbooks, Yearbook, and\n               Teacher's Registry","Sub-series B: Yearbook","1940 Peabody Yearbook"],"title_filing_ssi":"1940 Peabody Yearbook","title_ssm":["1940 Peabody Yearbook"],"title_tesim":["1940 Peabody Yearbook"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1940 Peabody Yearbook"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":76,"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00037","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00037","_root_":"vipets_vipets00037","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00037","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00037.xml","title_ssm":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972"],"title_tesim":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1977-13a"],"text":["1977-13a","The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972","50 items","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence Correspondence, some with family\n         members. Most of the correspondence documents Alice and Henry\n         Jackson's educational and professional activities. The\n         correspondence of Miss Jackson's regarding her pursuit of a\n         graduate degree in Library Science is particularly\n         intresting.","Series II. Family Documents Family correspondence\n         documenting the House of Roberts and Colson. The company was\n         established by joseph Jenkins roberts and William Nelson\n         Colson in 1831. Included is a letter from Joseph Jenkins\n         Roberts. Arranged chronologically, all ALS.","Series III. Photographs Family and friends of Alice and\n         Henry Colson Jackson.","Series IV. Printed Sub-series A. Awards Statements of\n         appreciation awarded to Alice and Henry Colson Jackson over\n         the years.","Sub-series B. Programs and Pamphlets Printed items,\n         programs, obituaries, and a few newsclippings. Sub-series C.\n         Degrees High School and College degrees arranged by date,\n         earned by members of the family.","Series V. Scrapbooks, yearbooks, Teacher's Registry\n         Sub-series A. Scrapbook Photographs of family members.\n         Sub-series B. Yearbook A 1940 Peabody High School. Sub-series\n         C. Teachers Registry in Petersburg, Virginia maintained by\n         Ella Colson 1896-1898. Twenty-nine pages, unidentified names\n         and ages of students at the Jones Street School.","Series VI. Literary Book of poems written by Fannie Meade\n         Bolling Colson. Many of the poems were written for birthdays.\n         Alice Jackson M.S. Thesis 1938.","Alice Jackson was born in Petersburg, Virginia. The\n         daughter of Ella and Andrew hugo Jackson. Alice jackson\n         graduated from Peabody High School and earned a B.S. degree\n         from Virginia State College. She then went on to the library\n         school at Hampton Institute where she earned a B.S. degree in\n         library science. At a later date, Miss Jackson attended\n         Columbia University School of Library Science where she earned\n         a master science degree in library science.","She began her employment as a librarian at Virginia State\n         College for Negroes in 1930. In 1944 she left Virginia State\n         College and during the following years she held a variety of\n         positions st a number of institutions in the United States. In\n         1962 she returned to Virginia State College as the educational\n         librarian and retired in 1972.","Miss Jackson in 1929 was a Rosenwald Fund Scholar,and in\n         1937 she was awarded the General Education Scholarship to\n         pursue her M.S. degree in library science at Columbia. her\n         masters thesis topic: \"Sources of Main Entries for Negro\n         Collections.\"","Henry Colson Jackson was born in Petersburg, Virginia in\n         1903. His career spanned seventy years as a teacher and\n         counselor. He taught at the Brick Junior College, Enfield,\n         North Carolina, the Peabody High School, Petersburg and\n         Virginia State College where he later became the Dean of Men.\n         He served in the United States Army in World War II.","Henry Colson and Alice Atwell Jackson were in the family of\n         the Colsons of Petersburg. James Major and Ella Colson were\n         siblings, first cousins of James Major Colson.","More information about the Colsons may be found in the\n         Colson-Hill Family Papers, Accession#1965-13 at the Virginia\n         State University in Special Collections/University\n         Archives.","Correspondence, photographs, writings, and printed matter\n         documenting this branch of the Colson Family history. The\n         correspondence pertaining to the house of Roberts and Colson\n         is of particular value","There are no restrictions.","Correspondence, photographs, and\n         memoralbilia, most of which is directly related to the\n         business activities of the colson family during the\n         antebellum. Included is a 1835 letter from Joseph Jenkins\n         Roberts wgo later became the first President of Liberia.\n         Acc.#1977-13a","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1977-13a"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972"],"collection_ssim":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson\n         Papers, \n         \n         1835-1972"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["Alice and Henry Colson\n         Jackson"],"creator_ssim":["Alice and Henry Colson\n         Jackson"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["50 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence Correspondence, some with family\n         members. Most of the correspondence documents Alice and Henry\n         Jackson's educational and professional activities. The\n         correspondence of Miss Jackson's regarding her pursuit of a\n         graduate degree in Library Science is particularly\n         intresting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Family Documents Family correspondence\n         documenting the House of Roberts and Colson. The company was\n         established by joseph Jenkins roberts and William Nelson\n         Colson in 1831. Included is a letter from Joseph Jenkins\n         Roberts. Arranged chronologically, all ALS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Photographs Family and friends of Alice and\n         Henry Colson Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Sub-series A. Awards Statements of\n         appreciation awarded to Alice and Henry Colson Jackson over\n         the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B. Programs and Pamphlets Printed items,\n         programs, obituaries, and a few newsclippings. Sub-series C.\n         Degrees High School and College degrees arranged by date,\n         earned by members of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Scrapbooks, yearbooks, Teacher's Registry\n         Sub-series A. Scrapbook Photographs of family members.\n         Sub-series B. Yearbook A 1940 Peabody High School. Sub-series\n         C. Teachers Registry in Petersburg, Virginia maintained by\n         Ella Colson 1896-1898. Twenty-nine pages, unidentified names\n         and ages of students at the Jones Street School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Literary Book of poems written by Fannie Meade\n         Bolling Colson. Many of the poems were written for birthdays.\n         Alice Jackson M.S. Thesis 1938.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence Correspondence, some with family\n         members. Most of the correspondence documents Alice and Henry\n         Jackson's educational and professional activities. The\n         correspondence of Miss Jackson's regarding her pursuit of a\n         graduate degree in Library Science is particularly\n         intresting.","Series II. Family Documents Family correspondence\n         documenting the House of Roberts and Colson. The company was\n         established by joseph Jenkins roberts and William Nelson\n         Colson in 1831. Included is a letter from Joseph Jenkins\n         Roberts. Arranged chronologically, all ALS.","Series III. Photographs Family and friends of Alice and\n         Henry Colson Jackson.","Series IV. Printed Sub-series A. Awards Statements of\n         appreciation awarded to Alice and Henry Colson Jackson over\n         the years.","Sub-series B. Programs and Pamphlets Printed items,\n         programs, obituaries, and a few newsclippings. Sub-series C.\n         Degrees High School and College degrees arranged by date,\n         earned by members of the family.","Series V. Scrapbooks, yearbooks, Teacher's Registry\n         Sub-series A. Scrapbook Photographs of family members.\n         Sub-series B. Yearbook A 1940 Peabody High School. Sub-series\n         C. Teachers Registry in Petersburg, Virginia maintained by\n         Ella Colson 1896-1898. Twenty-nine pages, unidentified names\n         and ages of students at the Jones Street School.","Series VI. Literary Book of poems written by Fannie Meade\n         Bolling Colson. Many of the poems were written for birthdays.\n         Alice Jackson M.S. Thesis 1938."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlice Jackson was born in Petersburg, Virginia. The\n         daughter of Ella and Andrew hugo Jackson. Alice jackson\n         graduated from Peabody High School and earned a B.S. degree\n         from Virginia State College. She then went on to the library\n         school at Hampton Institute where she earned a B.S. degree in\n         library science. At a later date, Miss Jackson attended\n         Columbia University School of Library Science where she earned\n         a master science degree in library science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe began her employment as a librarian at Virginia State\n         College for Negroes in 1930. In 1944 she left Virginia State\n         College and during the following years she held a variety of\n         positions st a number of institutions in the United States. In\n         1962 she returned to Virginia State College as the educational\n         librarian and retired in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiss Jackson in 1929 was a Rosenwald Fund Scholar,and in\n         1937 she was awarded the General Education Scholarship to\n         pursue her M.S. degree in library science at Columbia. her\n         masters thesis topic: \"Sources of Main Entries for Negro\n         Collections.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Colson Jackson was born in Petersburg, Virginia in\n         1903. His career spanned seventy years as a teacher and\n         counselor. He taught at the Brick Junior College, Enfield,\n         North Carolina, the Peabody High School, Petersburg and\n         Virginia State College where he later became the Dean of Men.\n         He served in the United States Army in World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Colson and Alice Atwell Jackson were in the family of\n         the Colsons of Petersburg. James Major and Ella Colson were\n         siblings, first cousins of James Major Colson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about the Colsons may be found in the\n         Colson-Hill Family Papers, Accession#1965-13 at the Virginia\n         State University in Special Collections/University\n         Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alice Jackson was born in Petersburg, Virginia. The\n         daughter of Ella and Andrew hugo Jackson. Alice jackson\n         graduated from Peabody High School and earned a B.S. degree\n         from Virginia State College. She then went on to the library\n         school at Hampton Institute where she earned a B.S. degree in\n         library science. At a later date, Miss Jackson attended\n         Columbia University School of Library Science where she earned\n         a master science degree in library science.","She began her employment as a librarian at Virginia State\n         College for Negroes in 1930. In 1944 she left Virginia State\n         College and during the following years she held a variety of\n         positions st a number of institutions in the United States. In\n         1962 she returned to Virginia State College as the educational\n         librarian and retired in 1972.","Miss Jackson in 1929 was a Rosenwald Fund Scholar,and in\n         1937 she was awarded the General Education Scholarship to\n         pursue her M.S. degree in library science at Columbia. her\n         masters thesis topic: \"Sources of Main Entries for Negro\n         Collections.\"","Henry Colson Jackson was born in Petersburg, Virginia in\n         1903. His career spanned seventy years as a teacher and\n         counselor. He taught at the Brick Junior College, Enfield,\n         North Carolina, the Peabody High School, Petersburg and\n         Virginia State College where he later became the Dean of Men.\n         He served in the United States Army in World War II.","Henry Colson and Alice Atwell Jackson were in the family of\n         the Colsons of Petersburg. James Major and Ella Colson were\n         siblings, first cousins of James Major Colson.","More information about the Colsons may be found in the\n         Colson-Hill Family Papers, Accession#1965-13 at the Virginia\n         State University in Special Collections/University\n         Archives."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alice and Henry Colson Jackson Papers, Accession\n            #1977-13a , Special Collections and Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Alice and Henry Colson Jackson Papers, Accession\n            #1977-13a , Special Collections and Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs, writings, and printed matter\n         documenting this branch of the Colson Family history. The\n         correspondence pertaining to the house of Roberts and Colson\n         is of particular value\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs, writings, and printed matter\n         documenting this branch of the Colson Family history. The\n         correspondence pertaining to the house of Roberts and Colson\n         is of particular value"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, photographs, and\n         memoralbilia, most of which is directly related to the\n         business activities of the colson family during the\n         antebellum. Included is a 1835 letter from Joseph Jenkins\n         Roberts wgo later became the first President of Liberia.\n         Acc.#1977-13a\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs, and\n         memoralbilia, most of which is directly related to the\n         business activities of the colson family during the\n         antebellum. Included is a 1835 letter from Joseph Jenkins\n         Roberts wgo later became the first President of Liberia.\n         Acc.#1977-13a"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00037_c05_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c185","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"\"1946: The Year Of Opportunity\" \n                     April 30, 1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c185#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c185","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c185"],"id":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c185","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009","_root_":"vipets_vipets00009","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00009","vipets_vipets00009_c07","vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00009","vipets_vipets00009_c07","vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","SERIES VII. MATERIALS WRITTEN BY LUTHER P.\n               JACKSON, SR.","A. Feature articles written by Luther\n                  Porter Jackson in the (Norfolk, Virginia) \n                  Journal and Guide,\n                  under the general heading, \"Rights and Duties in a\n                  Democracy\"."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","SERIES VII. MATERIALS WRITTEN BY LUTHER P.\n               JACKSON, SR.","A. Feature articles written by Luther\n                  Porter Jackson in the (Norfolk, Virginia) \n                  Journal and Guide,\n                  under the general heading, \"Rights and Duties in a\n                  Democracy\"."],"text":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","SERIES VII. MATERIALS WRITTEN BY LUTHER P.\n               JACKSON, SR.","A. Feature articles written by Luther\n                  Porter Jackson in the (Norfolk, Virginia) \n                  Journal and Guide,\n                  under the general heading, \"Rights and Duties in a\n                  Democracy\".","\"1946: The Year Of Opportunity\" \n                     April 30, 1946","Box-folder \n                     65:1640"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"1946: The Year Of Opportunity\" \n                      April 30, 1946","title_ssm":["\"1946: The Year Of Opportunity\" \n                     April 30, 1946"],"title_tesim":["\"1946: The Year Of Opportunity\" \n                     April 30, 1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"1946: The Year Of Opportunity\" \n                     April 30, 1946"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1919,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     65:1640"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#0/components#184","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00009","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009","_root_":"vipets_vipets00009","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00009","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00009.xml","title_ssm":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"title_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1952-l"],"text":["1952-l","Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","There are no restrictions.","SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA \n          The first five folders contain writings about Jackson.\n         Some material is not a part of the original manuscript group.\n         (Box 1) \n          SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE \n          A. \n          Family, 1920-1960 The correspondence between Luther and Johnella Jackson\n         are arranged chronologically from 1920-1950. Additionally,\n         letters, postcards and telegrams are arranged alphabetically\n         by the other members of the family. (Boxes 1-5) \n          B. \n          Business, 1922-1950 Office correspondence, extensive, arranged\n         chronologically. (Boxes 5-12) \n          C. \n          Personal, 1918- 1960 Letters arranged alphabetically by writer. (Boxes 13-16)\n          SERIES III. FINANCIAL \u0026 LEGAL \n          Family bills, tax statements, school bills and stocks.\n         Arranged by type. Copyright for Jackson's \n          Negro Office Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (Box 17) \n          SERIES IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS \n          A. \n          The Virginia Voters League,\n         1934-1950 Letters, postcards, and telegrams arranged by county,\n         and city. Records include minutes and reports. (Boxes 18-27) \n          B. \n          The Virginia Teachers Association Office\n         of the \"Civic Education Secretaries Office,\" 1941- 1950 The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,\n         Inc., 1923-1950 (Boxes 28-34) \n          C. \n          Correspondence with Carter G.\n         Woodson Arranged chronologically. Other correspondence arranged\n         by county, City, and organization. (Boxes 35-41) \n          D. \n          The NAACP, 1937- 1950 Correspondence with officials of the NAACP (state and\n         local), arranged chronologically. (Box 42) \n          E. \n          The I.B.P.O.E. of W.(the Elks),\n         1943-1950 General correspondence arranged chronologically and the\n         Lodge's alphabetically by lodge. (Box 43) \n          F. \n          The Virginia World War II History\n         Commission, 1944-1948 Correspondence, minutes and reports of the commission\n         arranged chronologically. Some personal war service records\n         arranged alphabetically. Photographs in container 109. Numbers\n         on folders correspond with folder numbers in the original\n         series. (Box 44) \n          G. \n          The Southern Regional Council, 1942-\n         1950 Correspondence arranged chronologically; minutes for\n         some meetings. (Box 45) \n          H. \n          The Negro Organizational Society, 1941-\n         1950 Correspondence with the president and field secretaries,\n         minutes (1944-1949) arranged chronologically. (Box 46) \n          I. \n          The Committee for Virginia,\n         1944-1950 Letters arranged chronologically, a few minutes,\n         reports. (Box 47) \n          J. \n          The Petersburg Negro Business League,\n         1935-1946 Correspondence between Jackson, national and local\n         leaders. Chronologically arranged; one article, one report and\n         one skit. (Box 48) \n          K. \n          The Virginia Society for Research,\n         1942-1950 (Box 48) \n          L. \n          The Petersburg Community Choir A history, a financial report and membership rosters.\n         Photographs in container 109. (Box 48) \n          M. \n          The Southern School for Workers,\n         1944-1949 Correspondence arranged chronologically. (Box 48) \n          N. \n          The Old Dominion Medical Society Names of some of the members. (Box 48) \n          O. \n          The Petersburg Interracial Committee,\n         1948 One letter and a proposed constitution. (Box 48) \n          SERIES V. MATERIAL RELATING TO THE DEATH OF LUTHER\n         JACKSON \n          Letters, telegrams and postcards, arranged\n         chronologically. One box of sympathy cards and one of floral\n         cards. (Boxes 49 \u0026 50) \n          SERIES VI. RESEARCH DATA: COLLECTED \n          A. \n          Blacks voting in the South,\n         1947-1948 Letters arranged alphabetically by state and then\n         chronologically within the state. (Box 50) \n          B. \n          The Butler Papers, 1813-1888 Tax receipts, identification papers, general receipts\n         and a marriage license. Chronologically arranged. (Box 51) \n          C. \n          The Dews Papers, 1802-1880 Deeds for properties, tax receipts and general receipts,\n         arranged chronologically. (Box 52) \n          D. \n          The Layton Papers, 1861-1898 Tax receipts, deeds for properties, teaching\n         certificates. Arranged chronologically. (Box 53) \n          E. \n          The Woolridge Papers, 1883-1910 Tax receipts and general receipts. Few items about the\n         \"Jordan Baptist Church.\" Chronologically arranged. (Box 54) \n          F. \n          By County Papers concerning ante and postpellum blacks in some\n         Virginia Counties. Identification papers, receipts. Arranged\n         chronologically within each county and then arranged\n         alphabetically by county also. (Boxes 55-56) \n          G. \n          By City The same as above. Arranged alphabetically by city and\n         then chronologically within each city. (Box 57) \n          H. \n          Miscellaneous Papers of antebellum free blacks and slaves. Receipts,\n         identification papers, arranged chronologically. (Box 58) \n          I. \n          Printed and Diary Printed pamphlets; handwritten diary belonging to Samuel\n         T. Miller, a missionary in South Africa, 1881-1882. (Box 59) \n          J. \n          Research Notes (Box 60) \n          K. \n          Ledgers General Stockholders ledges, one ledger used as a news clipping\n         scrapbook. (Box 61) \n          L. \n          Notebooks Handwritten and typed data, no arrangement, subject\n         varies. (Boxes 62- 63) \n          SERIES VII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY LUTHER P. JACKSON \n          A. \n          News articles : \n          The Journal and\n         Guide (Norfolk,VA), 1942-1947 \n          Typewritten news column. Arranged chronologically. Box\n         list available. (Boxes 64- 66) \n          B. \n          News Articles: Various Papers Handwritten and typed sheets, chronological order, some\n         without titles. Box list available. (Box 66) \n          C. \n          Articles in Journal Published items, handwritten and typed, copy of printed\n         articles. (Box 66) \n          D. \n          Addresses Typed and handwritten speeches, arranged\n         chronologically. (Box 67) \n          E. \n          Papers, Reports, and Lecture Notes Various papers and reports, few lecture notes, skits,\n         radio broadcast, handwritten and typed;separated by type, but\n         otherwise there is no arrangement. (Box 67) \n          F. \n          Unpublished Papers and term papers, essay, handwritten and typed; no\n         arrangement. (Box 68) \n          G. \n          Books Typewritten manuscripts. (Boxes 69- 70) \n          SERIES VIII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE\n         FAMILY \n          Articles written by Luther P. Jackson Jr. (Box 71) \n          SERIES IX. AWARDS \u0026 GRADES \n          Family awards and a few grades of some family members.\n         (Box 72) \n          SERIES X. PRINTED \n          Broadsides, leaflets, programs relating to Jackson. (Box\n         73) \n          SERIES XI. VISUAL \n          A. \n          Photographs Family, friends and Va. World War II History Commision,\n         organizations; some unidentifiable. (Box 74-76) \n          B. \n          Printer's Blocks Wood cuts used for publication. (Boxes 77- 80) \n          SERIES XII. ARTIFACTS \n          Cufflinks, tie clamp, neck scarf, doctoral gown, hood\n         and mortarboard. (Box 81) \n          SERIES XII. MEMORABILIA \n          Baby books, collected programs, Christmas, general\n         greeting and get-well cards, etc. Arranged by type. (Boxes\n         82-84) \n          SERIES XIV. NEWSCLIPPINGS \n          Loose newsclippings from various newspapers on a variety\n         of subjects, no arrangement (Boxes 85) \n          SERIES XV. OVERSIZED ITEMS \n          Newspaper, awards and research data.","Luther Porter Jackson Sr. was born July 11, 1892 in\n         Lexington, Kentucky. He was the ninth child of Delilah\n         (Culvrson) Jackson and Edward Jackson. He early schooling was\n         at Chandler Normal School in Lexington, where he completed his\n         studies in 1910. Upon completion of his secondary education he\n         entered Fisk University where he received the A.B. degree in\n         1914. He remained at Fisk for another semester and in 1916 was\n         awarded the A.M. degree.","In 1915, at the ripe old age of twenty-three, he began his\n         teaching career at Vorhees Industrial School, Denmark, South\n         Carolina, where he was also Director of the Academic\n         Department. Jackson left South Carolina in 1918 and joined the\n         staff of the Topeka Industrial Institute, Topeka, Kansas, as\n         Instructor of history and music.","Desiring more education, he returned to the east and sought\n         graduate training at Columbia University in 1920. Here he was\n         to receive one of his many setbacks, which took in stride and\n         proceeded to correct. Writing to a former instructor at Fisk,\n         Jackson stated that Columbia did not consider his A.B. and\n         A.M. from Fisk up to their standards. He, therefore, enrolled\n         for one year at New York City College. Finally, in 1921, he\n         began his studies at Columbia, where he was graduated from\n         their Teachers College in 1922.","After completing his second masters degree, Luther Jackson\n         joined the faculty of what was then the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, now Virginia State University. While on\n         staff of the university, Luther Jackson continued his studies,\n         first at Columbia University and then at the University of\n         Chicago, where he received the Ph.D. in history in 1937. Soon\n         after arrival at V.N. \u0026 I.I., Jackson took over the\n         College High School and directed its activities from\n         1923-1928. He headed the history department from 1930-1950,\n         formed the \" League of Negro Voters\" in 1934, and in 1937\n         organized the \" Petersburg Business League\", which became the\n         Virginia Trade Association in 1941.","In 1935, Carter G. Woodson asked Luther Jackson to head all\n         fund-raising activities for the Association for the Study of\n         Negro Life and History. As chairman of the Virginia chapter,\n         Jackson went on to establish that chapter as one of the most\n         productive of all state chapters. Somehow he still found time\n         to conduct the Petersburg Community Choir of 100 voices, have\n         his doctoral dissertation, write a column for \n          The Journal and Guide (Norfolk,\n         Virginia) under the general heading of \"Rights and Duties in a\n         Democracy\" between 1942 until 1948. Although he was now\n         holding down enough work for two people, Jackson was appointed\n         to the Virginia World War II History Commission in 1944 and\n         worked with the N.A.A.C.P, which led to his receiving a plague\n         for service in 1948.","Jackson authored these books: \n          Free Negro Labor and Property Holding\n         in Virginia, 1830-1860 (1942) \n          The History of the Virginia Stated\n         Teachers Association (1937) \n          Negro Office-Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (1945) \n          A Short History of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church of Petersburg, Virginia (1941) \n          Virginia Negro Soldiers and Seaman in\n         the Revolutionary War (1944) \n         ","In addition to joining the faculty, Luther Jackson married\n         a young lady whom he had met while they were both students at\n         Fisk University. The young lady was Johnella M. Frazer\n         (1897-), a native of Shelbyville, Kentucky, the daughter of\n         Laura and Patterson Tilford Frazer; her father was President\n         of Hopkinsville College in Kentucky. Mrs. Jackson completed\n         the conservatory course at Fisk at the age of seventeen(17)\n         and toured with the Fisk \"Jubilee Singers\" for two years under\n         John Work. She joined the staff of Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute in 1916, a full nine years before there\n         was a music department, as the University's first full time\n         instructor of piano.","Mrs. Jackson, like Luther, also recognized the need for\n         additional training. During the summer vacation she studied at\n         Temple University at the Chicago Music College and at Columbia\n         University. She remained at Virginia State University for\n         forty-nine years, retiring in 1965.","Additional Biographical Data: 1. Lucious Edwards, Jr.\" The Luther Porter Jackson,\n         Sr.(1892-1950) Papers\" (paper presented at the 63rd meeting of\n         the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and\n         History, Los Angeles, CA, October 13, 1978) \n          2. Marva D. Curtis, \"The Virginia Voters League\"\n         (unpublished masters thesis, Virginia State University, 1979) \n          3. Lucious Edwards, Jr., \"Luther Jackson Leaves a Legacy\n         of History in Papers to Virginia State University,\" \n          Progress Index , February\n         26,1980, p.4.","The Luther Porter Jackson are one of the most valuable\n         manuscript groups from a historical point of view in the\n         nation, for this former professor of history at Virginia State\n         University lived and worked during an era when the concept of\n         black inferiority was the accepted rule. In addition, this was\n         the time of \"Jim Crowism.\" Segregation was not \"de facto,\" it\n         was legal and challenged by few people, black and white.","During the major time span of these papers, 1920-1950, a\n         number of political and civil rights organizations developed\n         into potent forces and others were born: the NAACP, the Negro\n         Organizational Society, the Southern Regional Council, and the\n         Southern School for Workers. This manuscript group is rich in\n         correspondence with most of the leaders of these movements.\n         Some of the correspondence includes Walter White, Lorenzo C.\n         White, P. Bernard Young, Gordon Hancock and others.","Correspondence with Virginia based political and civil\n         rights groups is strong and gives a good picture of the tempo\n         of the era in the State: the Virginia Voters League, the\n         Committee for Virginia, the Petersburg Negro Business\n         League.","In addition to correspondence with major political and\n         civil rights organizations, Jackson maintained as interesting\n         relationship with others across the U.S. The business or\n         office correspondence of Luther P. Jackson from 1920-1950\n         include correspondence with John Hope Franklin, W.E.B. DuBois,\n         Hugh Smythe, Helen Edmonds, P. Bernard Young, E. Franklin\n         Frazier, Charles S. Johnson, Rayford Logan, Alrutheus Ambush\n         Taylor, Lorenzo J. Green and others.","The collection also consists of ledgers, pamphlets,\n         financial and legal documents, photographs, speeches,\n         newspaper articles, cards, telegrams, notebooks, artifacts and\n         Jackson's research materials.","Jackson collected personal papers of ante-bellum and\n         post-bellum black families in Virginia: The Butler Papers, the\n         Layton Papers, and the Stephen Wooldrige Papers. In his\n         research of free black property owners in Virginia, he\n         acquired a substantial amount of materials from various\n         counties and cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","This box contains articles about Negroes in the\n                  United States, race vote in Tampa, colored men's\n                  progressive club, Negro principal to stay as school\n                  integrates, a sample form of application for\n                  registration to vote in the state of Louisiana. A \n                   Virginia Statesman for\n                  April 21, 1950, the \n                   Southern Patriot , New\n                  Orleans, Louisiana, December 1948. \"The Boswell\n                  Amendment: Reaction in Alabama,\" \n                   Virginias Journal and\n                  Guide April 22, 1950, the Progress Index.","There are no restrictions.","The Luther Porter Jackson papers\n         include documents collected by Jackson to support his research\n         as well as the correspondence produced by Dr. and Mrs. Jackson\n         in connection with their work, interest, and friends. They\n         reflect Luther Jackson's life as a professor and researcher of\n         history and his connections with various political and\n         educational organizations; the official records of the\n         Virginia Voters League and the official records of all fund\n         raising for the Virginia Branch of the Association for the\n         Study of Negro Life and History Inc.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1952-l"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA \n          The first five folders contain writings about Jackson.\n         Some material is not a part of the original manuscript group.\n         (Box 1) \n          SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE \n          A. \n          Family, 1920-1960 The correspondence between Luther and Johnella Jackson\n         are arranged chronologically from 1920-1950. Additionally,\n         letters, postcards and telegrams are arranged alphabetically\n         by the other members of the family. (Boxes 1-5) \n          B. \n          Business, 1922-1950 Office correspondence, extensive, arranged\n         chronologically. (Boxes 5-12) \n          C. \n          Personal, 1918- 1960 Letters arranged alphabetically by writer. (Boxes 13-16)\n          SERIES III. FINANCIAL \u0026 LEGAL \n          Family bills, tax statements, school bills and stocks.\n         Arranged by type. Copyright for Jackson's \n          Negro Office Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (Box 17) \n          SERIES IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS \n          A. \n          The Virginia Voters League,\n         1934-1950 Letters, postcards, and telegrams arranged by county,\n         and city. Records include minutes and reports. (Boxes 18-27) \n          B. \n          The Virginia Teachers Association Office\n         of the \"Civic Education Secretaries Office,\" 1941- 1950 The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,\n         Inc., 1923-1950 (Boxes 28-34) \n          C. \n          Correspondence with Carter G.\n         Woodson Arranged chronologically. Other correspondence arranged\n         by county, City, and organization. (Boxes 35-41) \n          D. \n          The NAACP, 1937- 1950 Correspondence with officials of the NAACP (state and\n         local), arranged chronologically. (Box 42) \n          E. \n          The I.B.P.O.E. of W.(the Elks),\n         1943-1950 General correspondence arranged chronologically and the\n         Lodge's alphabetically by lodge. (Box 43) \n          F. \n          The Virginia World War II History\n         Commission, 1944-1948 Correspondence, minutes and reports of the commission\n         arranged chronologically. Some personal war service records\n         arranged alphabetically. Photographs in container 109. Numbers\n         on folders correspond with folder numbers in the original\n         series. (Box 44) \n          G. \n          The Southern Regional Council, 1942-\n         1950 Correspondence arranged chronologically; minutes for\n         some meetings. (Box 45) \n          H. \n          The Negro Organizational Society, 1941-\n         1950 Correspondence with the president and field secretaries,\n         minutes (1944-1949) arranged chronologically. (Box 46) \n          I. \n          The Committee for Virginia,\n         1944-1950 Letters arranged chronologically, a few minutes,\n         reports. (Box 47) \n          J. \n          The Petersburg Negro Business League,\n         1935-1946 Correspondence between Jackson, national and local\n         leaders. Chronologically arranged; one article, one report and\n         one skit. (Box 48) \n          K. \n          The Virginia Society for Research,\n         1942-1950 (Box 48) \n          L. \n          The Petersburg Community Choir A history, a financial report and membership rosters.\n         Photographs in container 109. (Box 48) \n          M. \n          The Southern School for Workers,\n         1944-1949 Correspondence arranged chronologically. (Box 48) \n          N. \n          The Old Dominion Medical Society Names of some of the members. (Box 48) \n          O. \n          The Petersburg Interracial Committee,\n         1948 One letter and a proposed constitution. (Box 48) \n          SERIES V. MATERIAL RELATING TO THE DEATH OF LUTHER\n         JACKSON \n          Letters, telegrams and postcards, arranged\n         chronologically. One box of sympathy cards and one of floral\n         cards. (Boxes 49 \u0026 50) \n          SERIES VI. RESEARCH DATA: COLLECTED \n          A. \n          Blacks voting in the South,\n         1947-1948 Letters arranged alphabetically by state and then\n         chronologically within the state. (Box 50) \n          B. \n          The Butler Papers, 1813-1888 Tax receipts, identification papers, general receipts\n         and a marriage license. Chronologically arranged. (Box 51) \n          C. \n          The Dews Papers, 1802-1880 Deeds for properties, tax receipts and general receipts,\n         arranged chronologically. (Box 52) \n          D. \n          The Layton Papers, 1861-1898 Tax receipts, deeds for properties, teaching\n         certificates. Arranged chronologically. (Box 53) \n          E. \n          The Woolridge Papers, 1883-1910 Tax receipts and general receipts. Few items about the\n         \"Jordan Baptist Church.\" Chronologically arranged. (Box 54) \n          F. \n          By County Papers concerning ante and postpellum blacks in some\n         Virginia Counties. Identification papers, receipts. Arranged\n         chronologically within each county and then arranged\n         alphabetically by county also. (Boxes 55-56) \n          G. \n          By City The same as above. Arranged alphabetically by city and\n         then chronologically within each city. (Box 57) \n          H. \n          Miscellaneous Papers of antebellum free blacks and slaves. Receipts,\n         identification papers, arranged chronologically. (Box 58) \n          I. \n          Printed and Diary Printed pamphlets; handwritten diary belonging to Samuel\n         T. Miller, a missionary in South Africa, 1881-1882. (Box 59) \n          J. \n          Research Notes (Box 60) \n          K. \n          Ledgers General Stockholders ledges, one ledger used as a news clipping\n         scrapbook. (Box 61) \n          L. \n          Notebooks Handwritten and typed data, no arrangement, subject\n         varies. (Boxes 62- 63) \n          SERIES VII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY LUTHER P. JACKSON \n          A. \n          News articles : \n          The Journal and\n         Guide (Norfolk,VA), 1942-1947 \n          Typewritten news column. Arranged chronologically. Box\n         list available. (Boxes 64- 66) \n          B. \n          News Articles: Various Papers Handwritten and typed sheets, chronological order, some\n         without titles. Box list available. (Box 66) \n          C. \n          Articles in Journal Published items, handwritten and typed, copy of printed\n         articles. (Box 66) \n          D. \n          Addresses Typed and handwritten speeches, arranged\n         chronologically. (Box 67) \n          E. \n          Papers, Reports, and Lecture Notes Various papers and reports, few lecture notes, skits,\n         radio broadcast, handwritten and typed;separated by type, but\n         otherwise there is no arrangement. (Box 67) \n          F. \n          Unpublished Papers and term papers, essay, handwritten and typed; no\n         arrangement. (Box 68) \n          G. \n          Books Typewritten manuscripts. (Boxes 69- 70) \n          SERIES VIII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE\n         FAMILY \n          Articles written by Luther P. Jackson Jr. (Box 71) \n          SERIES IX. AWARDS \u0026 GRADES \n          Family awards and a few grades of some family members.\n         (Box 72) \n          SERIES X. PRINTED \n          Broadsides, leaflets, programs relating to Jackson. (Box\n         73) \n          SERIES XI. VISUAL \n          A. \n          Photographs Family, friends and Va. World War II History Commision,\n         organizations; some unidentifiable. (Box 74-76) \n          B. \n          Printer's Blocks Wood cuts used for publication. (Boxes 77- 80) \n          SERIES XII. ARTIFACTS \n          Cufflinks, tie clamp, neck scarf, doctoral gown, hood\n         and mortarboard. (Box 81) \n          SERIES XII. MEMORABILIA \n          Baby books, collected programs, Christmas, general\n         greeting and get-well cards, etc. Arranged by type. (Boxes\n         82-84) \n          SERIES XIV. NEWSCLIPPINGS \n          Loose newsclippings from various newspapers on a variety\n         of subjects, no arrangement (Boxes 85) \n          SERIES XV. OVERSIZED ITEMS \n          Newspaper, awards and research data."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLuther Porter Jackson Sr. was born July 11, 1892 in\n         Lexington, Kentucky. He was the ninth child of Delilah\n         (Culvrson) Jackson and Edward Jackson. He early schooling was\n         at Chandler Normal School in Lexington, where he completed his\n         studies in 1910. Upon completion of his secondary education he\n         entered Fisk University where he received the A.B. degree in\n         1914. He remained at Fisk for another semester and in 1916 was\n         awarded the A.M. degree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1915, at the ripe old age of twenty-three, he began his\n         teaching career at Vorhees Industrial School, Denmark, South\n         Carolina, where he was also Director of the Academic\n         Department. Jackson left South Carolina in 1918 and joined the\n         staff of the Topeka Industrial Institute, Topeka, Kansas, as\n         Instructor of history and music.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesiring more education, he returned to the east and sought\n         graduate training at Columbia University in 1920. Here he was\n         to receive one of his many setbacks, which took in stride and\n         proceeded to correct. Writing to a former instructor at Fisk,\n         Jackson stated that Columbia did not consider his A.B. and\n         A.M. from Fisk up to their standards. He, therefore, enrolled\n         for one year at New York City College. Finally, in 1921, he\n         began his studies at Columbia, where he was graduated from\n         their Teachers College in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter completing his second masters degree, Luther Jackson\n         joined the faculty of what was then the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, now Virginia State University. While on\n         staff of the university, Luther Jackson continued his studies,\n         first at Columbia University and then at the University of\n         Chicago, where he received the Ph.D. in history in 1937. Soon\n         after arrival at V.N. \u0026amp; I.I., Jackson took over the\n         College High School and directed its activities from\n         1923-1928. He headed the history department from 1930-1950,\n         formed the \" League of Negro Voters\" in 1934, and in 1937\n         organized the \" Petersburg Business League\", which became the\n         Virginia Trade Association in 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1935, Carter G. Woodson asked Luther Jackson to head all\n         fund-raising activities for the Association for the Study of\n         Negro Life and History. As chairman of the Virginia chapter,\n         Jackson went on to establish that chapter as one of the most\n         productive of all state chapters. Somehow he still found time\n         to conduct the Petersburg Community Choir of 100 voices, have\n         his doctoral dissertation, write a column for \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Journal and Guide\u003c/title\u003e(Norfolk,\n         Virginia) under the general heading of \"Rights and Duties in a\n         Democracy\" between 1942 until 1948. Although he was now\n         holding down enough work for two people, Jackson was appointed\n         to the Virginia World War II History Commission in 1944 and\n         worked with the N.A.A.C.P, which led to his receiving a plague\n         for service in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJackson authored these books: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFree Negro Labor and Property Holding\n         in Virginia, 1830-1860\u003c/title\u003e(1942) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe History of the Virginia Stated\n         Teachers Association\u003c/title\u003e(1937) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNegro Office-Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895\u003c/title\u003e(1945) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Short History of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church of Petersburg, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e(1941) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia Negro Soldiers and Seaman in\n         the Revolutionary War\u003c/title\u003e(1944) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to joining the faculty, Luther Jackson married\n         a young lady whom he had met while they were both students at\n         Fisk University. The young lady was Johnella M. Frazer\n         (1897-), a native of Shelbyville, Kentucky, the daughter of\n         Laura and Patterson Tilford Frazer; her father was President\n         of Hopkinsville College in Kentucky. Mrs. Jackson completed\n         the conservatory course at Fisk at the age of seventeen(17)\n         and toured with the Fisk \"Jubilee Singers\" for two years under\n         John Work. She joined the staff of Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute in 1916, a full nine years before there\n         was a music department, as the University's first full time\n         instructor of piano.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Jackson, like Luther, also recognized the need for\n         additional training. During the summer vacation she studied at\n         Temple University at the Chicago Music College and at Columbia\n         University. She remained at Virginia State University for\n         forty-nine years, retiring in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAdditional Biographical Data:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. Lucious Edwards, Jr.\" The Luther Porter Jackson,\n         Sr.(1892-1950) Papers\" (paper presented at the 63rd meeting of\n         the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and\n         History, Los Angeles, CA, October 13, 1978) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. Marva D. Curtis, \"The Virginia Voters League\"\n         (unpublished masters thesis, Virginia State University, 1979) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. Lucious Edwards, Jr., \"Luther Jackson Leaves a Legacy\n         of History in Papers to Virginia State University,\" \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eProgress Index\u003c/title\u003e, February\n         26,1980, p.4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Sr. was born July 11, 1892 in\n         Lexington, Kentucky. He was the ninth child of Delilah\n         (Culvrson) Jackson and Edward Jackson. He early schooling was\n         at Chandler Normal School in Lexington, where he completed his\n         studies in 1910. Upon completion of his secondary education he\n         entered Fisk University where he received the A.B. degree in\n         1914. He remained at Fisk for another semester and in 1916 was\n         awarded the A.M. degree.","In 1915, at the ripe old age of twenty-three, he began his\n         teaching career at Vorhees Industrial School, Denmark, South\n         Carolina, where he was also Director of the Academic\n         Department. Jackson left South Carolina in 1918 and joined the\n         staff of the Topeka Industrial Institute, Topeka, Kansas, as\n         Instructor of history and music.","Desiring more education, he returned to the east and sought\n         graduate training at Columbia University in 1920. Here he was\n         to receive one of his many setbacks, which took in stride and\n         proceeded to correct. Writing to a former instructor at Fisk,\n         Jackson stated that Columbia did not consider his A.B. and\n         A.M. from Fisk up to their standards. He, therefore, enrolled\n         for one year at New York City College. Finally, in 1921, he\n         began his studies at Columbia, where he was graduated from\n         their Teachers College in 1922.","After completing his second masters degree, Luther Jackson\n         joined the faculty of what was then the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, now Virginia State University. While on\n         staff of the university, Luther Jackson continued his studies,\n         first at Columbia University and then at the University of\n         Chicago, where he received the Ph.D. in history in 1937. Soon\n         after arrival at V.N. \u0026 I.I., Jackson took over the\n         College High School and directed its activities from\n         1923-1928. He headed the history department from 1930-1950,\n         formed the \" League of Negro Voters\" in 1934, and in 1937\n         organized the \" Petersburg Business League\", which became the\n         Virginia Trade Association in 1941.","In 1935, Carter G. Woodson asked Luther Jackson to head all\n         fund-raising activities for the Association for the Study of\n         Negro Life and History. As chairman of the Virginia chapter,\n         Jackson went on to establish that chapter as one of the most\n         productive of all state chapters. Somehow he still found time\n         to conduct the Petersburg Community Choir of 100 voices, have\n         his doctoral dissertation, write a column for \n          The Journal and Guide (Norfolk,\n         Virginia) under the general heading of \"Rights and Duties in a\n         Democracy\" between 1942 until 1948. Although he was now\n         holding down enough work for two people, Jackson was appointed\n         to the Virginia World War II History Commission in 1944 and\n         worked with the N.A.A.C.P, which led to his receiving a plague\n         for service in 1948.","Jackson authored these books: \n          Free Negro Labor and Property Holding\n         in Virginia, 1830-1860 (1942) \n          The History of the Virginia Stated\n         Teachers Association (1937) \n          Negro Office-Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (1945) \n          A Short History of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church of Petersburg, Virginia (1941) \n          Virginia Negro Soldiers and Seaman in\n         the Revolutionary War (1944) \n         ","In addition to joining the faculty, Luther Jackson married\n         a young lady whom he had met while they were both students at\n         Fisk University. The young lady was Johnella M. Frazer\n         (1897-), a native of Shelbyville, Kentucky, the daughter of\n         Laura and Patterson Tilford Frazer; her father was President\n         of Hopkinsville College in Kentucky. Mrs. Jackson completed\n         the conservatory course at Fisk at the age of seventeen(17)\n         and toured with the Fisk \"Jubilee Singers\" for two years under\n         John Work. She joined the staff of Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute in 1916, a full nine years before there\n         was a music department, as the University's first full time\n         instructor of piano.","Mrs. Jackson, like Luther, also recognized the need for\n         additional training. During the summer vacation she studied at\n         Temple University at the Chicago Music College and at Columbia\n         University. She remained at Virginia State University for\n         forty-nine years, retiring in 1965.","Additional Biographical Data: 1. Lucious Edwards, Jr.\" The Luther Porter Jackson,\n         Sr.(1892-1950) Papers\" (paper presented at the 63rd meeting of\n         the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and\n         History, Los Angeles, CA, October 13, 1978) \n          2. Marva D. Curtis, \"The Virginia Voters League\"\n         (unpublished masters thesis, Virginia State University, 1979) \n          3. Lucious Edwards, Jr., \"Luther Jackson Leaves a Legacy\n         of History in Papers to Virginia State University,\" \n          Progress Index , February\n         26,1980, p.4."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLuther Porter Jackson Papers, 1772-1960, Accession\n            #1952-l, Special Collections and Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, 1772-1960, Accession\n            #1952-l, Special Collections and Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Luther Porter Jackson are one of the most valuable\n         manuscript groups from a historical point of view in the\n         nation, for this former professor of history at Virginia State\n         University lived and worked during an era when the concept of\n         black inferiority was the accepted rule. In addition, this was\n         the time of \"Jim Crowism.\" Segregation was not \"de facto,\" it\n         was legal and challenged by few people, black and white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the major time span of these papers, 1920-1950, a\n         number of political and civil rights organizations developed\n         into potent forces and others were born: the NAACP, the Negro\n         Organizational Society, the Southern Regional Council, and the\n         Southern School for Workers. This manuscript group is rich in\n         correspondence with most of the leaders of these movements.\n         Some of the correspondence includes Walter White, Lorenzo C.\n         White, P. Bernard Young, Gordon Hancock and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Virginia based political and civil\n         rights groups is strong and gives a good picture of the tempo\n         of the era in the State: the Virginia Voters League, the\n         Committee for Virginia, the Petersburg Negro Business\n         League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to correspondence with major political and\n         civil rights organizations, Jackson maintained as interesting\n         relationship with others across the U.S. The business or\n         office correspondence of Luther P. Jackson from 1920-1950\n         include correspondence with John Hope Franklin, W.E.B. DuBois,\n         Hugh Smythe, Helen Edmonds, P. Bernard Young, E. Franklin\n         Frazier, Charles S. Johnson, Rayford Logan, Alrutheus Ambush\n         Taylor, Lorenzo J. Green and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also consists of ledgers, pamphlets,\n         financial and legal documents, photographs, speeches,\n         newspaper articles, cards, telegrams, notebooks, artifacts and\n         Jackson's research materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJackson collected personal papers of ante-bellum and\n         post-bellum black families in Virginia: The Butler Papers, the\n         Layton Papers, and the Stephen Wooldrige Papers. In his\n         research of free black property owners in Virginia, he\n         acquired a substantial amount of materials from various\n         counties and cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains articles about Negroes in the\n                  United States, race vote in Tampa, colored men's\n                  progressive club, Negro principal to stay as school\n                  integrates, a sample form of application for\n                  registration to vote in the state of Louisiana. A \n                  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia Statesman\u003c/title\u003efor\n                  April 21, 1950, the \n                  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eSouthern Patriot\u003c/title\u003e, New\n                  Orleans, Louisiana, December 1948. \"The Boswell\n                  Amendment: Reaction in Alabama,\" \n                  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginias Journal and\n                  Guide\u003c/title\u003eApril 22, 1950, the Progress Index.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Luther Porter Jackson are one of the most valuable\n         manuscript groups from a historical point of view in the\n         nation, for this former professor of history at Virginia State\n         University lived and worked during an era when the concept of\n         black inferiority was the accepted rule. In addition, this was\n         the time of \"Jim Crowism.\" Segregation was not \"de facto,\" it\n         was legal and challenged by few people, black and white.","During the major time span of these papers, 1920-1950, a\n         number of political and civil rights organizations developed\n         into potent forces and others were born: the NAACP, the Negro\n         Organizational Society, the Southern Regional Council, and the\n         Southern School for Workers. This manuscript group is rich in\n         correspondence with most of the leaders of these movements.\n         Some of the correspondence includes Walter White, Lorenzo C.\n         White, P. Bernard Young, Gordon Hancock and others.","Correspondence with Virginia based political and civil\n         rights groups is strong and gives a good picture of the tempo\n         of the era in the State: the Virginia Voters League, the\n         Committee for Virginia, the Petersburg Negro Business\n         League.","In addition to correspondence with major political and\n         civil rights organizations, Jackson maintained as interesting\n         relationship with others across the U.S. The business or\n         office correspondence of Luther P. Jackson from 1920-1950\n         include correspondence with John Hope Franklin, W.E.B. DuBois,\n         Hugh Smythe, Helen Edmonds, P. Bernard Young, E. Franklin\n         Frazier, Charles S. Johnson, Rayford Logan, Alrutheus Ambush\n         Taylor, Lorenzo J. Green and others.","The collection also consists of ledgers, pamphlets,\n         financial and legal documents, photographs, speeches,\n         newspaper articles, cards, telegrams, notebooks, artifacts and\n         Jackson's research materials.","Jackson collected personal papers of ante-bellum and\n         post-bellum black families in Virginia: The Butler Papers, the\n         Layton Papers, and the Stephen Wooldrige Papers. In his\n         research of free black property owners in Virginia, he\n         acquired a substantial amount of materials from various\n         counties and cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","This box contains articles about Negroes in the\n                  United States, race vote in Tampa, colored men's\n                  progressive club, Negro principal to stay as school\n                  integrates, a sample form of application for\n                  registration to vote in the state of Louisiana. A \n                   Virginia Statesman for\n                  April 21, 1950, the \n                   Southern Patriot , New\n                  Orleans, Louisiana, December 1948. \"The Boswell\n                  Amendment: Reaction in Alabama,\" \n                   Virginias Journal and\n                  Guide April 22, 1950, the Progress Index."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Luther Porter Jackson papers\n         include documents collected by Jackson to support his research\n         as well as the correspondence produced by Dr. and Mrs. Jackson\n         in connection with their work, interest, and friends. They\n         reflect Luther Jackson's life as a professor and researcher of\n         history and his connections with various political and\n         educational organizations; the official records of the\n         Virginia Voters League and the official records of all fund\n         raising for the Virginia Branch of the Association for the\n         Study of Negro Life and History Inc.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Luther Porter Jackson papers\n         include documents collected by Jackson to support his research\n         as well as the correspondence produced by Dr. and Mrs. Jackson\n         in connection with their work, interest, and friends. They\n         reflect Luther Jackson's life as a professor and researcher of\n         history and his connections with various political and\n         educational organizations; the official records of the\n         Virginia Voters League and the official records of all fund\n         raising for the Virginia Branch of the Association for the\n         Study of Negro Life and History Inc."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2288,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe first five folders contain writings about Jackson.\n         Some material is not a part of the original manuscript group.\n         (Box 1) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFamily, 1920-1960\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe correspondence between Luther and Johnella Jackson\n         are arranged chronologically from 1920-1950. Additionally,\n         letters, postcards and telegrams are arranged alphabetically\n         by the other members of the family. (Boxes 1-5) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBusiness, 1922-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOffice correspondence, extensive, arranged\n         chronologically. (Boxes 5-12) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePersonal, 1918- 1960\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters arranged alphabetically by writer. (Boxes 13-16)\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES III. FINANCIAL \u0026amp; LEGAL \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFamily bills, tax statements, school bills and stocks.\n         Arranged by type. Copyright for Jackson's \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNegro Office Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895\u003c/title\u003e(Box 17) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Virginia Voters League,\n         1934-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, postcards, and telegrams arranged by county,\n         and city. Records include minutes and reports. (Boxes 18-27) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Virginia Teachers Association Office\n         of the \"Civic Education Secretaries Office,\" 1941- 1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,\n         Inc., 1923-1950 (Boxes 28-34) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eCorrespondence with Carter G.\n         Woodson\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eArranged chronologically. Other correspondence arranged\n         by county, City, and organization. (Boxes 35-41) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eD. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe NAACP, 1937- 1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence with officials of the NAACP (state and\n         local), arranged chronologically. (Box 42) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe I.B.P.O.E. of W.(the Elks),\n         1943-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeneral correspondence arranged chronologically and the\n         Lodge's alphabetically by lodge. (Box 43) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eF. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Virginia World War II History\n         Commission, 1944-1948\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence, minutes and reports of the commission\n         arranged chronologically. Some personal war service records\n         arranged alphabetically. Photographs in container 109. Numbers\n         on folders correspond with folder numbers in the original\n         series. (Box 44) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eG. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Southern Regional Council, 1942-\n         1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically; minutes for\n         some meetings. (Box 45) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eH. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Negro Organizational Society, 1941-\n         1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence with the president and field secretaries,\n         minutes (1944-1949) arranged chronologically. (Box 46) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Committee for Virginia,\n         1944-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters arranged chronologically, a few minutes,\n         reports. (Box 47) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJ. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Petersburg Negro Business League,\n         1935-1946\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence between Jackson, national and local\n         leaders. Chronologically arranged; one article, one report and\n         one skit. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eK. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Virginia Society for Research,\n         1942-1950\u003c/emph\u003e(Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eL. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Petersburg Community Choir\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA history, a financial report and membership rosters.\n         Photographs in container 109. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eM. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Southern School for Workers,\n         1944-1949\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eN. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Old Dominion Medical Society\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNames of some of the members. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eO. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Petersburg Interracial Committee,\n         1948\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOne letter and a proposed constitution. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES V. MATERIAL RELATING TO THE DEATH OF LUTHER\n         JACKSON \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, telegrams and postcards, arranged\n         chronologically. One box of sympathy cards and one of floral\n         cards. (Boxes 49 \u0026amp; 50) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES VI. RESEARCH DATA: COLLECTED \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBlacks voting in the South,\n         1947-1948\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters arranged alphabetically by state and then\n         chronologically within the state. (Box 50) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Butler Papers, 1813-1888\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTax receipts, identification papers, general receipts\n         and a marriage license. Chronologically arranged. (Box 51) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Dews Papers, 1802-1880\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDeeds for properties, tax receipts and general receipts,\n         arranged chronologically. (Box 52) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eD. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Layton Papers, 1861-1898\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTax receipts, deeds for properties, teaching\n         certificates. Arranged chronologically. (Box 53) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Woolridge Papers, 1883-1910\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTax receipts and general receipts. Few items about the\n         \"Jordan Baptist Church.\" Chronologically arranged. (Box 54) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eF. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBy County\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePapers concerning ante and postpellum blacks in some\n         Virginia Counties. Identification papers, receipts. Arranged\n         chronologically within each county and then arranged\n         alphabetically by county also. (Boxes 55-56) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eG. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBy City\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe same as above. Arranged alphabetically by city and\n         then chronologically within each city. (Box 57) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eH. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMiscellaneous\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePapers of antebellum free blacks and slaves. Receipts,\n         identification papers, arranged chronologically. (Box 58) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted and Diary\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePrinted pamphlets; handwritten diary belonging to Samuel\n         T. Miller, a missionary in South Africa, 1881-1882. (Box 59) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJ. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eResearch Notes\u003c/emph\u003e(Box 60) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eK. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLedgers General\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eStockholders ledges, one ledger used as a news clipping\n         scrapbook. (Box 61) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eL. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eNotebooks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHandwritten and typed data, no arrangement, subject\n         varies. (Boxes 62- 63) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES VII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY LUTHER P. JACKSON \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eNews articles\u003c/emph\u003e: \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Journal and\n         Guide\u003c/title\u003e(Norfolk,VA), 1942-1947 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTypewritten news column. Arranged chronologically. Box\n         list available. (Boxes 64- 66) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNews Articles: Various Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHandwritten and typed sheets, chronological order, some\n         without titles. Box list available. (Box 66) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles in Journal\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePublished items, handwritten and typed, copy of printed\n         articles. (Box 66) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eD. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAddresses\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTyped and handwritten speeches, arranged\n         chronologically. (Box 67) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePapers, Reports, and Lecture Notes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVarious papers and reports, few lecture notes, skits,\n         radio broadcast, handwritten and typed;separated by type, but\n         otherwise there is no arrangement. (Box 67) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eF. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eUnpublished\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePapers and term papers, essay, handwritten and typed; no\n         arrangement. (Box 68) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eG. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBooks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTypewritten manuscripts. (Boxes 69- 70) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES VIII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE\n         FAMILY \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eArticles written by Luther P. Jackson Jr. (Box 71) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES IX. AWARDS \u0026amp; GRADES \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFamily awards and a few grades of some family members.\n         (Box 72) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES X. PRINTED \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBroadsides, leaflets, programs relating to Jackson. (Box\n         73) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XI. VISUAL \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFamily, friends and Va. World War II History Commision,\n         organizations; some unidentifiable. (Box 74-76) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinter's Blocks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWood cuts used for publication. (Boxes 77- 80) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XII. ARTIFACTS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCufflinks, tie clamp, neck scarf, doctoral gown, hood\n         and mortarboard. (Box 81) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XII. MEMORABILIA \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBaby books, collected programs, Christmas, general\n         greeting and get-well cards, etc. Arranged by type. (Boxes\n         82-84) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XIV. NEWSCLIPPINGS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLoose newsclippings from various newspapers on a variety\n         of subjects, no arrangement (Boxes 85) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XV. OVERSIZED ITEMS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNewspaper, awards and research data.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c185"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c220","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"\"1946: The Year Of the Rebirth Of The\n                     Negro In Southern Elections\" \n                     Dec. 26, 1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c220#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c220","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c220"],"id":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c220","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009","_root_":"vipets_vipets00009","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00009","vipets_vipets00009_c07","vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00009","vipets_vipets00009_c07","vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","SERIES VII. MATERIALS WRITTEN BY LUTHER P.\n               JACKSON, SR.","A. Feature articles written by Luther\n                  Porter Jackson in the (Norfolk, Virginia) \n                  Journal and Guide,\n                  under the general heading, \"Rights and Duties in a\n                  Democracy\"."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","SERIES VII. MATERIALS WRITTEN BY LUTHER P.\n               JACKSON, SR.","A. Feature articles written by Luther\n                  Porter Jackson in the (Norfolk, Virginia) \n                  Journal and Guide,\n                  under the general heading, \"Rights and Duties in a\n                  Democracy\"."],"text":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","SERIES VII. MATERIALS WRITTEN BY LUTHER P.\n               JACKSON, SR.","A. Feature articles written by Luther\n                  Porter Jackson in the (Norfolk, Virginia) \n                  Journal and Guide,\n                  under the general heading, \"Rights and Duties in a\n                  Democracy\".","\"1946: The Year Of the Rebirth Of The\n                     Negro In Southern Elections\" \n                     Dec. 26, 1946","Box-folder \n                     65:1648"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"1946: The Year Of the Rebirth Of The\n                     Negro In Southern Elections\" \n                      Dec. 26, 1946","title_ssm":["\"1946: The Year Of the Rebirth Of The\n                     Negro In Southern Elections\" \n                     Dec. 26, 1946"],"title_tesim":["\"1946: The Year Of the Rebirth Of The\n                     Negro In Southern Elections\" \n                     Dec. 26, 1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"1946: The Year Of the Rebirth Of The\n                     Negro In Southern Elections\" \n                     Dec. 26, 1946"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1954,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     65:1648"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#0/components#219","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00009","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00009","_root_":"vipets_vipets00009","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00009","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00009.xml","title_ssm":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"title_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1952-l"],"text":["1952-l","Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960","There are no restrictions.","SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA \n          The first five folders contain writings about Jackson.\n         Some material is not a part of the original manuscript group.\n         (Box 1) \n          SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE \n          A. \n          Family, 1920-1960 The correspondence between Luther and Johnella Jackson\n         are arranged chronologically from 1920-1950. Additionally,\n         letters, postcards and telegrams are arranged alphabetically\n         by the other members of the family. (Boxes 1-5) \n          B. \n          Business, 1922-1950 Office correspondence, extensive, arranged\n         chronologically. (Boxes 5-12) \n          C. \n          Personal, 1918- 1960 Letters arranged alphabetically by writer. (Boxes 13-16)\n          SERIES III. FINANCIAL \u0026 LEGAL \n          Family bills, tax statements, school bills and stocks.\n         Arranged by type. Copyright for Jackson's \n          Negro Office Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (Box 17) \n          SERIES IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS \n          A. \n          The Virginia Voters League,\n         1934-1950 Letters, postcards, and telegrams arranged by county,\n         and city. Records include minutes and reports. (Boxes 18-27) \n          B. \n          The Virginia Teachers Association Office\n         of the \"Civic Education Secretaries Office,\" 1941- 1950 The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,\n         Inc., 1923-1950 (Boxes 28-34) \n          C. \n          Correspondence with Carter G.\n         Woodson Arranged chronologically. Other correspondence arranged\n         by county, City, and organization. (Boxes 35-41) \n          D. \n          The NAACP, 1937- 1950 Correspondence with officials of the NAACP (state and\n         local), arranged chronologically. (Box 42) \n          E. \n          The I.B.P.O.E. of W.(the Elks),\n         1943-1950 General correspondence arranged chronologically and the\n         Lodge's alphabetically by lodge. (Box 43) \n          F. \n          The Virginia World War II History\n         Commission, 1944-1948 Correspondence, minutes and reports of the commission\n         arranged chronologically. Some personal war service records\n         arranged alphabetically. Photographs in container 109. Numbers\n         on folders correspond with folder numbers in the original\n         series. (Box 44) \n          G. \n          The Southern Regional Council, 1942-\n         1950 Correspondence arranged chronologically; minutes for\n         some meetings. (Box 45) \n          H. \n          The Negro Organizational Society, 1941-\n         1950 Correspondence with the president and field secretaries,\n         minutes (1944-1949) arranged chronologically. (Box 46) \n          I. \n          The Committee for Virginia,\n         1944-1950 Letters arranged chronologically, a few minutes,\n         reports. (Box 47) \n          J. \n          The Petersburg Negro Business League,\n         1935-1946 Correspondence between Jackson, national and local\n         leaders. Chronologically arranged; one article, one report and\n         one skit. (Box 48) \n          K. \n          The Virginia Society for Research,\n         1942-1950 (Box 48) \n          L. \n          The Petersburg Community Choir A history, a financial report and membership rosters.\n         Photographs in container 109. (Box 48) \n          M. \n          The Southern School for Workers,\n         1944-1949 Correspondence arranged chronologically. (Box 48) \n          N. \n          The Old Dominion Medical Society Names of some of the members. (Box 48) \n          O. \n          The Petersburg Interracial Committee,\n         1948 One letter and a proposed constitution. (Box 48) \n          SERIES V. MATERIAL RELATING TO THE DEATH OF LUTHER\n         JACKSON \n          Letters, telegrams and postcards, arranged\n         chronologically. One box of sympathy cards and one of floral\n         cards. (Boxes 49 \u0026 50) \n          SERIES VI. RESEARCH DATA: COLLECTED \n          A. \n          Blacks voting in the South,\n         1947-1948 Letters arranged alphabetically by state and then\n         chronologically within the state. (Box 50) \n          B. \n          The Butler Papers, 1813-1888 Tax receipts, identification papers, general receipts\n         and a marriage license. Chronologically arranged. (Box 51) \n          C. \n          The Dews Papers, 1802-1880 Deeds for properties, tax receipts and general receipts,\n         arranged chronologically. (Box 52) \n          D. \n          The Layton Papers, 1861-1898 Tax receipts, deeds for properties, teaching\n         certificates. Arranged chronologically. (Box 53) \n          E. \n          The Woolridge Papers, 1883-1910 Tax receipts and general receipts. Few items about the\n         \"Jordan Baptist Church.\" Chronologically arranged. (Box 54) \n          F. \n          By County Papers concerning ante and postpellum blacks in some\n         Virginia Counties. Identification papers, receipts. Arranged\n         chronologically within each county and then arranged\n         alphabetically by county also. (Boxes 55-56) \n          G. \n          By City The same as above. Arranged alphabetically by city and\n         then chronologically within each city. (Box 57) \n          H. \n          Miscellaneous Papers of antebellum free blacks and slaves. Receipts,\n         identification papers, arranged chronologically. (Box 58) \n          I. \n          Printed and Diary Printed pamphlets; handwritten diary belonging to Samuel\n         T. Miller, a missionary in South Africa, 1881-1882. (Box 59) \n          J. \n          Research Notes (Box 60) \n          K. \n          Ledgers General Stockholders ledges, one ledger used as a news clipping\n         scrapbook. (Box 61) \n          L. \n          Notebooks Handwritten and typed data, no arrangement, subject\n         varies. (Boxes 62- 63) \n          SERIES VII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY LUTHER P. JACKSON \n          A. \n          News articles : \n          The Journal and\n         Guide (Norfolk,VA), 1942-1947 \n          Typewritten news column. Arranged chronologically. Box\n         list available. (Boxes 64- 66) \n          B. \n          News Articles: Various Papers Handwritten and typed sheets, chronological order, some\n         without titles. Box list available. (Box 66) \n          C. \n          Articles in Journal Published items, handwritten and typed, copy of printed\n         articles. (Box 66) \n          D. \n          Addresses Typed and handwritten speeches, arranged\n         chronologically. (Box 67) \n          E. \n          Papers, Reports, and Lecture Notes Various papers and reports, few lecture notes, skits,\n         radio broadcast, handwritten and typed;separated by type, but\n         otherwise there is no arrangement. (Box 67) \n          F. \n          Unpublished Papers and term papers, essay, handwritten and typed; no\n         arrangement. (Box 68) \n          G. \n          Books Typewritten manuscripts. (Boxes 69- 70) \n          SERIES VIII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE\n         FAMILY \n          Articles written by Luther P. Jackson Jr. (Box 71) \n          SERIES IX. AWARDS \u0026 GRADES \n          Family awards and a few grades of some family members.\n         (Box 72) \n          SERIES X. PRINTED \n          Broadsides, leaflets, programs relating to Jackson. (Box\n         73) \n          SERIES XI. VISUAL \n          A. \n          Photographs Family, friends and Va. World War II History Commision,\n         organizations; some unidentifiable. (Box 74-76) \n          B. \n          Printer's Blocks Wood cuts used for publication. (Boxes 77- 80) \n          SERIES XII. ARTIFACTS \n          Cufflinks, tie clamp, neck scarf, doctoral gown, hood\n         and mortarboard. (Box 81) \n          SERIES XII. MEMORABILIA \n          Baby books, collected programs, Christmas, general\n         greeting and get-well cards, etc. Arranged by type. (Boxes\n         82-84) \n          SERIES XIV. NEWSCLIPPINGS \n          Loose newsclippings from various newspapers on a variety\n         of subjects, no arrangement (Boxes 85) \n          SERIES XV. OVERSIZED ITEMS \n          Newspaper, awards and research data.","Luther Porter Jackson Sr. was born July 11, 1892 in\n         Lexington, Kentucky. He was the ninth child of Delilah\n         (Culvrson) Jackson and Edward Jackson. He early schooling was\n         at Chandler Normal School in Lexington, where he completed his\n         studies in 1910. Upon completion of his secondary education he\n         entered Fisk University where he received the A.B. degree in\n         1914. He remained at Fisk for another semester and in 1916 was\n         awarded the A.M. degree.","In 1915, at the ripe old age of twenty-three, he began his\n         teaching career at Vorhees Industrial School, Denmark, South\n         Carolina, where he was also Director of the Academic\n         Department. Jackson left South Carolina in 1918 and joined the\n         staff of the Topeka Industrial Institute, Topeka, Kansas, as\n         Instructor of history and music.","Desiring more education, he returned to the east and sought\n         graduate training at Columbia University in 1920. Here he was\n         to receive one of his many setbacks, which took in stride and\n         proceeded to correct. Writing to a former instructor at Fisk,\n         Jackson stated that Columbia did not consider his A.B. and\n         A.M. from Fisk up to their standards. He, therefore, enrolled\n         for one year at New York City College. Finally, in 1921, he\n         began his studies at Columbia, where he was graduated from\n         their Teachers College in 1922.","After completing his second masters degree, Luther Jackson\n         joined the faculty of what was then the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, now Virginia State University. While on\n         staff of the university, Luther Jackson continued his studies,\n         first at Columbia University and then at the University of\n         Chicago, where he received the Ph.D. in history in 1937. Soon\n         after arrival at V.N. \u0026 I.I., Jackson took over the\n         College High School and directed its activities from\n         1923-1928. He headed the history department from 1930-1950,\n         formed the \" League of Negro Voters\" in 1934, and in 1937\n         organized the \" Petersburg Business League\", which became the\n         Virginia Trade Association in 1941.","In 1935, Carter G. Woodson asked Luther Jackson to head all\n         fund-raising activities for the Association for the Study of\n         Negro Life and History. As chairman of the Virginia chapter,\n         Jackson went on to establish that chapter as one of the most\n         productive of all state chapters. Somehow he still found time\n         to conduct the Petersburg Community Choir of 100 voices, have\n         his doctoral dissertation, write a column for \n          The Journal and Guide (Norfolk,\n         Virginia) under the general heading of \"Rights and Duties in a\n         Democracy\" between 1942 until 1948. Although he was now\n         holding down enough work for two people, Jackson was appointed\n         to the Virginia World War II History Commission in 1944 and\n         worked with the N.A.A.C.P, which led to his receiving a plague\n         for service in 1948.","Jackson authored these books: \n          Free Negro Labor and Property Holding\n         in Virginia, 1830-1860 (1942) \n          The History of the Virginia Stated\n         Teachers Association (1937) \n          Negro Office-Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (1945) \n          A Short History of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church of Petersburg, Virginia (1941) \n          Virginia Negro Soldiers and Seaman in\n         the Revolutionary War (1944) \n         ","In addition to joining the faculty, Luther Jackson married\n         a young lady whom he had met while they were both students at\n         Fisk University. The young lady was Johnella M. Frazer\n         (1897-), a native of Shelbyville, Kentucky, the daughter of\n         Laura and Patterson Tilford Frazer; her father was President\n         of Hopkinsville College in Kentucky. Mrs. Jackson completed\n         the conservatory course at Fisk at the age of seventeen(17)\n         and toured with the Fisk \"Jubilee Singers\" for two years under\n         John Work. She joined the staff of Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute in 1916, a full nine years before there\n         was a music department, as the University's first full time\n         instructor of piano.","Mrs. Jackson, like Luther, also recognized the need for\n         additional training. During the summer vacation she studied at\n         Temple University at the Chicago Music College and at Columbia\n         University. She remained at Virginia State University for\n         forty-nine years, retiring in 1965.","Additional Biographical Data: 1. Lucious Edwards, Jr.\" The Luther Porter Jackson,\n         Sr.(1892-1950) Papers\" (paper presented at the 63rd meeting of\n         the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and\n         History, Los Angeles, CA, October 13, 1978) \n          2. Marva D. Curtis, \"The Virginia Voters League\"\n         (unpublished masters thesis, Virginia State University, 1979) \n          3. Lucious Edwards, Jr., \"Luther Jackson Leaves a Legacy\n         of History in Papers to Virginia State University,\" \n          Progress Index , February\n         26,1980, p.4.","The Luther Porter Jackson are one of the most valuable\n         manuscript groups from a historical point of view in the\n         nation, for this former professor of history at Virginia State\n         University lived and worked during an era when the concept of\n         black inferiority was the accepted rule. In addition, this was\n         the time of \"Jim Crowism.\" Segregation was not \"de facto,\" it\n         was legal and challenged by few people, black and white.","During the major time span of these papers, 1920-1950, a\n         number of political and civil rights organizations developed\n         into potent forces and others were born: the NAACP, the Negro\n         Organizational Society, the Southern Regional Council, and the\n         Southern School for Workers. This manuscript group is rich in\n         correspondence with most of the leaders of these movements.\n         Some of the correspondence includes Walter White, Lorenzo C.\n         White, P. Bernard Young, Gordon Hancock and others.","Correspondence with Virginia based political and civil\n         rights groups is strong and gives a good picture of the tempo\n         of the era in the State: the Virginia Voters League, the\n         Committee for Virginia, the Petersburg Negro Business\n         League.","In addition to correspondence with major political and\n         civil rights organizations, Jackson maintained as interesting\n         relationship with others across the U.S. The business or\n         office correspondence of Luther P. Jackson from 1920-1950\n         include correspondence with John Hope Franklin, W.E.B. DuBois,\n         Hugh Smythe, Helen Edmonds, P. Bernard Young, E. Franklin\n         Frazier, Charles S. Johnson, Rayford Logan, Alrutheus Ambush\n         Taylor, Lorenzo J. Green and others.","The collection also consists of ledgers, pamphlets,\n         financial and legal documents, photographs, speeches,\n         newspaper articles, cards, telegrams, notebooks, artifacts and\n         Jackson's research materials.","Jackson collected personal papers of ante-bellum and\n         post-bellum black families in Virginia: The Butler Papers, the\n         Layton Papers, and the Stephen Wooldrige Papers. In his\n         research of free black property owners in Virginia, he\n         acquired a substantial amount of materials from various\n         counties and cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","This box contains articles about Negroes in the\n                  United States, race vote in Tampa, colored men's\n                  progressive club, Negro principal to stay as school\n                  integrates, a sample form of application for\n                  registration to vote in the state of Louisiana. A \n                   Virginia Statesman for\n                  April 21, 1950, the \n                   Southern Patriot , New\n                  Orleans, Louisiana, December 1948. \"The Boswell\n                  Amendment: Reaction in Alabama,\" \n                   Virginias Journal and\n                  Guide April 22, 1950, the Progress Index.","There are no restrictions.","The Luther Porter Jackson papers\n         include documents collected by Jackson to support his research\n         as well as the correspondence produced by Dr. and Mrs. Jackson\n         in connection with their work, interest, and friends. They\n         reflect Luther Jackson's life as a professor and researcher of\n         history and his connections with various political and\n         educational organizations; the official records of the\n         Virginia Voters League and the official records of all fund\n         raising for the Virginia Branch of the Association for the\n         Study of Negro Life and History Inc.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1952-l"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, \n         \n         1772-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["SERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA \n          The first five folders contain writings about Jackson.\n         Some material is not a part of the original manuscript group.\n         (Box 1) \n          SERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE \n          A. \n          Family, 1920-1960 The correspondence between Luther and Johnella Jackson\n         are arranged chronologically from 1920-1950. Additionally,\n         letters, postcards and telegrams are arranged alphabetically\n         by the other members of the family. (Boxes 1-5) \n          B. \n          Business, 1922-1950 Office correspondence, extensive, arranged\n         chronologically. (Boxes 5-12) \n          C. \n          Personal, 1918- 1960 Letters arranged alphabetically by writer. (Boxes 13-16)\n          SERIES III. FINANCIAL \u0026 LEGAL \n          Family bills, tax statements, school bills and stocks.\n         Arranged by type. Copyright for Jackson's \n          Negro Office Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (Box 17) \n          SERIES IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS \n          A. \n          The Virginia Voters League,\n         1934-1950 Letters, postcards, and telegrams arranged by county,\n         and city. Records include minutes and reports. (Boxes 18-27) \n          B. \n          The Virginia Teachers Association Office\n         of the \"Civic Education Secretaries Office,\" 1941- 1950 The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,\n         Inc., 1923-1950 (Boxes 28-34) \n          C. \n          Correspondence with Carter G.\n         Woodson Arranged chronologically. Other correspondence arranged\n         by county, City, and organization. (Boxes 35-41) \n          D. \n          The NAACP, 1937- 1950 Correspondence with officials of the NAACP (state and\n         local), arranged chronologically. (Box 42) \n          E. \n          The I.B.P.O.E. of W.(the Elks),\n         1943-1950 General correspondence arranged chronologically and the\n         Lodge's alphabetically by lodge. (Box 43) \n          F. \n          The Virginia World War II History\n         Commission, 1944-1948 Correspondence, minutes and reports of the commission\n         arranged chronologically. Some personal war service records\n         arranged alphabetically. Photographs in container 109. Numbers\n         on folders correspond with folder numbers in the original\n         series. (Box 44) \n          G. \n          The Southern Regional Council, 1942-\n         1950 Correspondence arranged chronologically; minutes for\n         some meetings. (Box 45) \n          H. \n          The Negro Organizational Society, 1941-\n         1950 Correspondence with the president and field secretaries,\n         minutes (1944-1949) arranged chronologically. (Box 46) \n          I. \n          The Committee for Virginia,\n         1944-1950 Letters arranged chronologically, a few minutes,\n         reports. (Box 47) \n          J. \n          The Petersburg Negro Business League,\n         1935-1946 Correspondence between Jackson, national and local\n         leaders. Chronologically arranged; one article, one report and\n         one skit. (Box 48) \n          K. \n          The Virginia Society for Research,\n         1942-1950 (Box 48) \n          L. \n          The Petersburg Community Choir A history, a financial report and membership rosters.\n         Photographs in container 109. (Box 48) \n          M. \n          The Southern School for Workers,\n         1944-1949 Correspondence arranged chronologically. (Box 48) \n          N. \n          The Old Dominion Medical Society Names of some of the members. (Box 48) \n          O. \n          The Petersburg Interracial Committee,\n         1948 One letter and a proposed constitution. (Box 48) \n          SERIES V. MATERIAL RELATING TO THE DEATH OF LUTHER\n         JACKSON \n          Letters, telegrams and postcards, arranged\n         chronologically. One box of sympathy cards and one of floral\n         cards. (Boxes 49 \u0026 50) \n          SERIES VI. RESEARCH DATA: COLLECTED \n          A. \n          Blacks voting in the South,\n         1947-1948 Letters arranged alphabetically by state and then\n         chronologically within the state. (Box 50) \n          B. \n          The Butler Papers, 1813-1888 Tax receipts, identification papers, general receipts\n         and a marriage license. Chronologically arranged. (Box 51) \n          C. \n          The Dews Papers, 1802-1880 Deeds for properties, tax receipts and general receipts,\n         arranged chronologically. (Box 52) \n          D. \n          The Layton Papers, 1861-1898 Tax receipts, deeds for properties, teaching\n         certificates. Arranged chronologically. (Box 53) \n          E. \n          The Woolridge Papers, 1883-1910 Tax receipts and general receipts. Few items about the\n         \"Jordan Baptist Church.\" Chronologically arranged. (Box 54) \n          F. \n          By County Papers concerning ante and postpellum blacks in some\n         Virginia Counties. Identification papers, receipts. Arranged\n         chronologically within each county and then arranged\n         alphabetically by county also. (Boxes 55-56) \n          G. \n          By City The same as above. Arranged alphabetically by city and\n         then chronologically within each city. (Box 57) \n          H. \n          Miscellaneous Papers of antebellum free blacks and slaves. Receipts,\n         identification papers, arranged chronologically. (Box 58) \n          I. \n          Printed and Diary Printed pamphlets; handwritten diary belonging to Samuel\n         T. Miller, a missionary in South Africa, 1881-1882. (Box 59) \n          J. \n          Research Notes (Box 60) \n          K. \n          Ledgers General Stockholders ledges, one ledger used as a news clipping\n         scrapbook. (Box 61) \n          L. \n          Notebooks Handwritten and typed data, no arrangement, subject\n         varies. (Boxes 62- 63) \n          SERIES VII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY LUTHER P. JACKSON \n          A. \n          News articles : \n          The Journal and\n         Guide (Norfolk,VA), 1942-1947 \n          Typewritten news column. Arranged chronologically. Box\n         list available. (Boxes 64- 66) \n          B. \n          News Articles: Various Papers Handwritten and typed sheets, chronological order, some\n         without titles. Box list available. (Box 66) \n          C. \n          Articles in Journal Published items, handwritten and typed, copy of printed\n         articles. (Box 66) \n          D. \n          Addresses Typed and handwritten speeches, arranged\n         chronologically. (Box 67) \n          E. \n          Papers, Reports, and Lecture Notes Various papers and reports, few lecture notes, skits,\n         radio broadcast, handwritten and typed;separated by type, but\n         otherwise there is no arrangement. (Box 67) \n          F. \n          Unpublished Papers and term papers, essay, handwritten and typed; no\n         arrangement. (Box 68) \n          G. \n          Books Typewritten manuscripts. (Boxes 69- 70) \n          SERIES VIII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE\n         FAMILY \n          Articles written by Luther P. Jackson Jr. (Box 71) \n          SERIES IX. AWARDS \u0026 GRADES \n          Family awards and a few grades of some family members.\n         (Box 72) \n          SERIES X. PRINTED \n          Broadsides, leaflets, programs relating to Jackson. (Box\n         73) \n          SERIES XI. VISUAL \n          A. \n          Photographs Family, friends and Va. World War II History Commision,\n         organizations; some unidentifiable. (Box 74-76) \n          B. \n          Printer's Blocks Wood cuts used for publication. (Boxes 77- 80) \n          SERIES XII. ARTIFACTS \n          Cufflinks, tie clamp, neck scarf, doctoral gown, hood\n         and mortarboard. (Box 81) \n          SERIES XII. MEMORABILIA \n          Baby books, collected programs, Christmas, general\n         greeting and get-well cards, etc. Arranged by type. (Boxes\n         82-84) \n          SERIES XIV. NEWSCLIPPINGS \n          Loose newsclippings from various newspapers on a variety\n         of subjects, no arrangement (Boxes 85) \n          SERIES XV. OVERSIZED ITEMS \n          Newspaper, awards and research data."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLuther Porter Jackson Sr. was born July 11, 1892 in\n         Lexington, Kentucky. He was the ninth child of Delilah\n         (Culvrson) Jackson and Edward Jackson. He early schooling was\n         at Chandler Normal School in Lexington, where he completed his\n         studies in 1910. Upon completion of his secondary education he\n         entered Fisk University where he received the A.B. degree in\n         1914. He remained at Fisk for another semester and in 1916 was\n         awarded the A.M. degree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1915, at the ripe old age of twenty-three, he began his\n         teaching career at Vorhees Industrial School, Denmark, South\n         Carolina, where he was also Director of the Academic\n         Department. Jackson left South Carolina in 1918 and joined the\n         staff of the Topeka Industrial Institute, Topeka, Kansas, as\n         Instructor of history and music.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDesiring more education, he returned to the east and sought\n         graduate training at Columbia University in 1920. Here he was\n         to receive one of his many setbacks, which took in stride and\n         proceeded to correct. Writing to a former instructor at Fisk,\n         Jackson stated that Columbia did not consider his A.B. and\n         A.M. from Fisk up to their standards. He, therefore, enrolled\n         for one year at New York City College. Finally, in 1921, he\n         began his studies at Columbia, where he was graduated from\n         their Teachers College in 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter completing his second masters degree, Luther Jackson\n         joined the faculty of what was then the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, now Virginia State University. While on\n         staff of the university, Luther Jackson continued his studies,\n         first at Columbia University and then at the University of\n         Chicago, where he received the Ph.D. in history in 1937. Soon\n         after arrival at V.N. \u0026amp; I.I., Jackson took over the\n         College High School and directed its activities from\n         1923-1928. He headed the history department from 1930-1950,\n         formed the \" League of Negro Voters\" in 1934, and in 1937\n         organized the \" Petersburg Business League\", which became the\n         Virginia Trade Association in 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1935, Carter G. Woodson asked Luther Jackson to head all\n         fund-raising activities for the Association for the Study of\n         Negro Life and History. As chairman of the Virginia chapter,\n         Jackson went on to establish that chapter as one of the most\n         productive of all state chapters. Somehow he still found time\n         to conduct the Petersburg Community Choir of 100 voices, have\n         his doctoral dissertation, write a column for \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Journal and Guide\u003c/title\u003e(Norfolk,\n         Virginia) under the general heading of \"Rights and Duties in a\n         Democracy\" between 1942 until 1948. Although he was now\n         holding down enough work for two people, Jackson was appointed\n         to the Virginia World War II History Commission in 1944 and\n         worked with the N.A.A.C.P, which led to his receiving a plague\n         for service in 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJackson authored these books: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFree Negro Labor and Property Holding\n         in Virginia, 1830-1860\u003c/title\u003e(1942) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe History of the Virginia Stated\n         Teachers Association\u003c/title\u003e(1937) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNegro Office-Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895\u003c/title\u003e(1945) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Short History of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church of Petersburg, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e(1941) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia Negro Soldiers and Seaman in\n         the Revolutionary War\u003c/title\u003e(1944) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to joining the faculty, Luther Jackson married\n         a young lady whom he had met while they were both students at\n         Fisk University. The young lady was Johnella M. Frazer\n         (1897-), a native of Shelbyville, Kentucky, the daughter of\n         Laura and Patterson Tilford Frazer; her father was President\n         of Hopkinsville College in Kentucky. Mrs. Jackson completed\n         the conservatory course at Fisk at the age of seventeen(17)\n         and toured with the Fisk \"Jubilee Singers\" for two years under\n         John Work. She joined the staff of Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute in 1916, a full nine years before there\n         was a music department, as the University's first full time\n         instructor of piano.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMrs. Jackson, like Luther, also recognized the need for\n         additional training. During the summer vacation she studied at\n         Temple University at the Chicago Music College and at Columbia\n         University. She remained at Virginia State University for\n         forty-nine years, retiring in 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAdditional Biographical Data:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. Lucious Edwards, Jr.\" The Luther Porter Jackson,\n         Sr.(1892-1950) Papers\" (paper presented at the 63rd meeting of\n         the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and\n         History, Los Angeles, CA, October 13, 1978) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. Marva D. Curtis, \"The Virginia Voters League\"\n         (unpublished masters thesis, Virginia State University, 1979) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. Lucious Edwards, Jr., \"Luther Jackson Leaves a Legacy\n         of History in Papers to Virginia State University,\" \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eProgress Index\u003c/title\u003e, February\n         26,1980, p.4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Sr. was born July 11, 1892 in\n         Lexington, Kentucky. He was the ninth child of Delilah\n         (Culvrson) Jackson and Edward Jackson. He early schooling was\n         at Chandler Normal School in Lexington, where he completed his\n         studies in 1910. Upon completion of his secondary education he\n         entered Fisk University where he received the A.B. degree in\n         1914. He remained at Fisk for another semester and in 1916 was\n         awarded the A.M. degree.","In 1915, at the ripe old age of twenty-three, he began his\n         teaching career at Vorhees Industrial School, Denmark, South\n         Carolina, where he was also Director of the Academic\n         Department. Jackson left South Carolina in 1918 and joined the\n         staff of the Topeka Industrial Institute, Topeka, Kansas, as\n         Instructor of history and music.","Desiring more education, he returned to the east and sought\n         graduate training at Columbia University in 1920. Here he was\n         to receive one of his many setbacks, which took in stride and\n         proceeded to correct. Writing to a former instructor at Fisk,\n         Jackson stated that Columbia did not consider his A.B. and\n         A.M. from Fisk up to their standards. He, therefore, enrolled\n         for one year at New York City College. Finally, in 1921, he\n         began his studies at Columbia, where he was graduated from\n         their Teachers College in 1922.","After completing his second masters degree, Luther Jackson\n         joined the faculty of what was then the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, now Virginia State University. While on\n         staff of the university, Luther Jackson continued his studies,\n         first at Columbia University and then at the University of\n         Chicago, where he received the Ph.D. in history in 1937. Soon\n         after arrival at V.N. \u0026 I.I., Jackson took over the\n         College High School and directed its activities from\n         1923-1928. He headed the history department from 1930-1950,\n         formed the \" League of Negro Voters\" in 1934, and in 1937\n         organized the \" Petersburg Business League\", which became the\n         Virginia Trade Association in 1941.","In 1935, Carter G. Woodson asked Luther Jackson to head all\n         fund-raising activities for the Association for the Study of\n         Negro Life and History. As chairman of the Virginia chapter,\n         Jackson went on to establish that chapter as one of the most\n         productive of all state chapters. Somehow he still found time\n         to conduct the Petersburg Community Choir of 100 voices, have\n         his doctoral dissertation, write a column for \n          The Journal and Guide (Norfolk,\n         Virginia) under the general heading of \"Rights and Duties in a\n         Democracy\" between 1942 until 1948. Although he was now\n         holding down enough work for two people, Jackson was appointed\n         to the Virginia World War II History Commission in 1944 and\n         worked with the N.A.A.C.P, which led to his receiving a plague\n         for service in 1948.","Jackson authored these books: \n          Free Negro Labor and Property Holding\n         in Virginia, 1830-1860 (1942) \n          The History of the Virginia Stated\n         Teachers Association (1937) \n          Negro Office-Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895 (1945) \n          A Short History of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church of Petersburg, Virginia (1941) \n          Virginia Negro Soldiers and Seaman in\n         the Revolutionary War (1944) \n         ","In addition to joining the faculty, Luther Jackson married\n         a young lady whom he had met while they were both students at\n         Fisk University. The young lady was Johnella M. Frazer\n         (1897-), a native of Shelbyville, Kentucky, the daughter of\n         Laura and Patterson Tilford Frazer; her father was President\n         of Hopkinsville College in Kentucky. Mrs. Jackson completed\n         the conservatory course at Fisk at the age of seventeen(17)\n         and toured with the Fisk \"Jubilee Singers\" for two years under\n         John Work. She joined the staff of Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute in 1916, a full nine years before there\n         was a music department, as the University's first full time\n         instructor of piano.","Mrs. Jackson, like Luther, also recognized the need for\n         additional training. During the summer vacation she studied at\n         Temple University at the Chicago Music College and at Columbia\n         University. She remained at Virginia State University for\n         forty-nine years, retiring in 1965.","Additional Biographical Data: 1. Lucious Edwards, Jr.\" The Luther Porter Jackson,\n         Sr.(1892-1950) Papers\" (paper presented at the 63rd meeting of\n         the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and\n         History, Los Angeles, CA, October 13, 1978) \n          2. Marva D. Curtis, \"The Virginia Voters League\"\n         (unpublished masters thesis, Virginia State University, 1979) \n          3. Lucious Edwards, Jr., \"Luther Jackson Leaves a Legacy\n         of History in Papers to Virginia State University,\" \n          Progress Index , February\n         26,1980, p.4."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLuther Porter Jackson Papers, 1772-1960, Accession\n            #1952-l, Special Collections and Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Luther Porter Jackson Papers, 1772-1960, Accession\n            #1952-l, Special Collections and Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Luther Porter Jackson are one of the most valuable\n         manuscript groups from a historical point of view in the\n         nation, for this former professor of history at Virginia State\n         University lived and worked during an era when the concept of\n         black inferiority was the accepted rule. In addition, this was\n         the time of \"Jim Crowism.\" Segregation was not \"de facto,\" it\n         was legal and challenged by few people, black and white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the major time span of these papers, 1920-1950, a\n         number of political and civil rights organizations developed\n         into potent forces and others were born: the NAACP, the Negro\n         Organizational Society, the Southern Regional Council, and the\n         Southern School for Workers. This manuscript group is rich in\n         correspondence with most of the leaders of these movements.\n         Some of the correspondence includes Walter White, Lorenzo C.\n         White, P. Bernard Young, Gordon Hancock and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Virginia based political and civil\n         rights groups is strong and gives a good picture of the tempo\n         of the era in the State: the Virginia Voters League, the\n         Committee for Virginia, the Petersburg Negro Business\n         League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to correspondence with major political and\n         civil rights organizations, Jackson maintained as interesting\n         relationship with others across the U.S. The business or\n         office correspondence of Luther P. Jackson from 1920-1950\n         include correspondence with John Hope Franklin, W.E.B. DuBois,\n         Hugh Smythe, Helen Edmonds, P. Bernard Young, E. Franklin\n         Frazier, Charles S. Johnson, Rayford Logan, Alrutheus Ambush\n         Taylor, Lorenzo J. Green and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also consists of ledgers, pamphlets,\n         financial and legal documents, photographs, speeches,\n         newspaper articles, cards, telegrams, notebooks, artifacts and\n         Jackson's research materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJackson collected personal papers of ante-bellum and\n         post-bellum black families in Virginia: The Butler Papers, the\n         Layton Papers, and the Stephen Wooldrige Papers. In his\n         research of free black property owners in Virginia, he\n         acquired a substantial amount of materials from various\n         counties and cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains articles about Negroes in the\n                  United States, race vote in Tampa, colored men's\n                  progressive club, Negro principal to stay as school\n                  integrates, a sample form of application for\n                  registration to vote in the state of Louisiana. A \n                  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia Statesman\u003c/title\u003efor\n                  April 21, 1950, the \n                  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eSouthern Patriot\u003c/title\u003e, New\n                  Orleans, Louisiana, December 1948. \"The Boswell\n                  Amendment: Reaction in Alabama,\" \n                  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginias Journal and\n                  Guide\u003c/title\u003eApril 22, 1950, the Progress Index.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Luther Porter Jackson are one of the most valuable\n         manuscript groups from a historical point of view in the\n         nation, for this former professor of history at Virginia State\n         University lived and worked during an era when the concept of\n         black inferiority was the accepted rule. In addition, this was\n         the time of \"Jim Crowism.\" Segregation was not \"de facto,\" it\n         was legal and challenged by few people, black and white.","During the major time span of these papers, 1920-1950, a\n         number of political and civil rights organizations developed\n         into potent forces and others were born: the NAACP, the Negro\n         Organizational Society, the Southern Regional Council, and the\n         Southern School for Workers. This manuscript group is rich in\n         correspondence with most of the leaders of these movements.\n         Some of the correspondence includes Walter White, Lorenzo C.\n         White, P. Bernard Young, Gordon Hancock and others.","Correspondence with Virginia based political and civil\n         rights groups is strong and gives a good picture of the tempo\n         of the era in the State: the Virginia Voters League, the\n         Committee for Virginia, the Petersburg Negro Business\n         League.","In addition to correspondence with major political and\n         civil rights organizations, Jackson maintained as interesting\n         relationship with others across the U.S. The business or\n         office correspondence of Luther P. Jackson from 1920-1950\n         include correspondence with John Hope Franklin, W.E.B. DuBois,\n         Hugh Smythe, Helen Edmonds, P. Bernard Young, E. Franklin\n         Frazier, Charles S. Johnson, Rayford Logan, Alrutheus Ambush\n         Taylor, Lorenzo J. Green and others.","The collection also consists of ledgers, pamphlets,\n         financial and legal documents, photographs, speeches,\n         newspaper articles, cards, telegrams, notebooks, artifacts and\n         Jackson's research materials.","Jackson collected personal papers of ante-bellum and\n         post-bellum black families in Virginia: The Butler Papers, the\n         Layton Papers, and the Stephen Wooldrige Papers. In his\n         research of free black property owners in Virginia, he\n         acquired a substantial amount of materials from various\n         counties and cities of the Commonwealth of Virginia.","This box contains articles about Negroes in the\n                  United States, race vote in Tampa, colored men's\n                  progressive club, Negro principal to stay as school\n                  integrates, a sample form of application for\n                  registration to vote in the state of Louisiana. A \n                   Virginia Statesman for\n                  April 21, 1950, the \n                   Southern Patriot , New\n                  Orleans, Louisiana, December 1948. \"The Boswell\n                  Amendment: Reaction in Alabama,\" \n                   Virginias Journal and\n                  Guide April 22, 1950, the Progress Index."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Luther Porter Jackson papers\n         include documents collected by Jackson to support his research\n         as well as the correspondence produced by Dr. and Mrs. Jackson\n         in connection with their work, interest, and friends. They\n         reflect Luther Jackson's life as a professor and researcher of\n         history and his connections with various political and\n         educational organizations; the official records of the\n         Virginia Voters League and the official records of all fund\n         raising for the Virginia Branch of the Association for the\n         Study of Negro Life and History Inc.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Luther Porter Jackson papers\n         include documents collected by Jackson to support his research\n         as well as the correspondence produced by Dr. and Mrs. Jackson\n         in connection with their work, interest, and friends. They\n         reflect Luther Jackson's life as a professor and researcher of\n         history and his connections with various political and\n         educational organizations; the official records of the\n         Virginia Voters League and the official records of all fund\n         raising for the Virginia Branch of the Association for the\n         Study of Negro Life and History Inc."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2288,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSERIES I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe first five folders contain writings about Jackson.\n         Some material is not a part of the original manuscript group.\n         (Box 1) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES II. CORRESPONDENCE \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eFamily, 1920-1960\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe correspondence between Luther and Johnella Jackson\n         are arranged chronologically from 1920-1950. Additionally,\n         letters, postcards and telegrams are arranged alphabetically\n         by the other members of the family. (Boxes 1-5) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBusiness, 1922-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOffice correspondence, extensive, arranged\n         chronologically. (Boxes 5-12) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePersonal, 1918- 1960\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters arranged alphabetically by writer. (Boxes 13-16)\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES III. FINANCIAL \u0026amp; LEGAL \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFamily bills, tax statements, school bills and stocks.\n         Arranged by type. Copyright for Jackson's \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNegro Office Holders in Virginia,\n         1865-1895\u003c/title\u003e(Box 17) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES IV. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Virginia Voters League,\n         1934-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, postcards, and telegrams arranged by county,\n         and city. Records include minutes and reports. (Boxes 18-27) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Virginia Teachers Association Office\n         of the \"Civic Education Secretaries Office,\" 1941- 1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe Association for the Study of Negro Life and History,\n         Inc., 1923-1950 (Boxes 28-34) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eCorrespondence with Carter G.\n         Woodson\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eArranged chronologically. Other correspondence arranged\n         by county, City, and organization. (Boxes 35-41) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eD. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe NAACP, 1937- 1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence with officials of the NAACP (state and\n         local), arranged chronologically. (Box 42) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe I.B.P.O.E. of W.(the Elks),\n         1943-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeneral correspondence arranged chronologically and the\n         Lodge's alphabetically by lodge. (Box 43) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eF. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe Virginia World War II History\n         Commission, 1944-1948\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence, minutes and reports of the commission\n         arranged chronologically. Some personal war service records\n         arranged alphabetically. Photographs in container 109. Numbers\n         on folders correspond with folder numbers in the original\n         series. (Box 44) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eG. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Southern Regional Council, 1942-\n         1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically; minutes for\n         some meetings. (Box 45) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eH. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Negro Organizational Society, 1941-\n         1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence with the president and field secretaries,\n         minutes (1944-1949) arranged chronologically. (Box 46) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Committee for Virginia,\n         1944-1950\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters arranged chronologically, a few minutes,\n         reports. (Box 47) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJ. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Petersburg Negro Business League,\n         1935-1946\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence between Jackson, national and local\n         leaders. Chronologically arranged; one article, one report and\n         one skit. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eK. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Virginia Society for Research,\n         1942-1950\u003c/emph\u003e(Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eL. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Petersburg Community Choir\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA history, a financial report and membership rosters.\n         Photographs in container 109. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eM. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Southern School for Workers,\n         1944-1949\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCorrespondence arranged chronologically. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eN. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Old Dominion Medical Society\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNames of some of the members. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eO. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Petersburg Interracial Committee,\n         1948\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOne letter and a proposed constitution. (Box 48) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES V. MATERIAL RELATING TO THE DEATH OF LUTHER\n         JACKSON \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, telegrams and postcards, arranged\n         chronologically. One box of sympathy cards and one of floral\n         cards. (Boxes 49 \u0026amp; 50) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES VI. RESEARCH DATA: COLLECTED \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBlacks voting in the South,\n         1947-1948\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters arranged alphabetically by state and then\n         chronologically within the state. (Box 50) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Butler Papers, 1813-1888\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTax receipts, identification papers, general receipts\n         and a marriage license. Chronologically arranged. (Box 51) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Dews Papers, 1802-1880\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDeeds for properties, tax receipts and general receipts,\n         arranged chronologically. (Box 52) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eD. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Layton Papers, 1861-1898\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTax receipts, deeds for properties, teaching\n         certificates. Arranged chronologically. (Box 53) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Woolridge Papers, 1883-1910\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTax receipts and general receipts. Few items about the\n         \"Jordan Baptist Church.\" Chronologically arranged. (Box 54) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eF. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBy County\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePapers concerning ante and postpellum blacks in some\n         Virginia Counties. Identification papers, receipts. Arranged\n         chronologically within each county and then arranged\n         alphabetically by county also. (Boxes 55-56) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eG. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBy City\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe same as above. Arranged alphabetically by city and\n         then chronologically within each city. (Box 57) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eH. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMiscellaneous\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePapers of antebellum free blacks and slaves. Receipts,\n         identification papers, arranged chronologically. (Box 58) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted and Diary\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePrinted pamphlets; handwritten diary belonging to Samuel\n         T. Miller, a missionary in South Africa, 1881-1882. (Box 59) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJ. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eResearch Notes\u003c/emph\u003e(Box 60) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eK. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLedgers General\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eStockholders ledges, one ledger used as a news clipping\n         scrapbook. (Box 61) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eL. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eNotebooks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHandwritten and typed data, no arrangement, subject\n         varies. (Boxes 62- 63) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES VII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY LUTHER P. JACKSON \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eNews articles\u003c/emph\u003e: \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Journal and\n         Guide\u003c/title\u003e(Norfolk,VA), 1942-1947 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTypewritten news column. Arranged chronologically. Box\n         list available. (Boxes 64- 66) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNews Articles: Various Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHandwritten and typed sheets, chronological order, some\n         without titles. Box list available. (Box 66) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles in Journal\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePublished items, handwritten and typed, copy of printed\n         articles. (Box 66) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eD. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAddresses\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTyped and handwritten speeches, arranged\n         chronologically. (Box 67) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePapers, Reports, and Lecture Notes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVarious papers and reports, few lecture notes, skits,\n         radio broadcast, handwritten and typed;separated by type, but\n         otherwise there is no arrangement. (Box 67) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eF. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eUnpublished\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePapers and term papers, essay, handwritten and typed; no\n         arrangement. (Box 68) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eG. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBooks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTypewritten manuscripts. (Boxes 69- 70) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES VIII. MATERIAL WRITTEN BY OTHER MEMBERS OF THE\n         FAMILY \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eArticles written by Luther P. Jackson Jr. (Box 71) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES IX. AWARDS \u0026amp; GRADES \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFamily awards and a few grades of some family members.\n         (Box 72) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES X. PRINTED \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBroadsides, leaflets, programs relating to Jackson. (Box\n         73) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XI. VISUAL \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePhotographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFamily, friends and Va. World War II History Commision,\n         organizations; some unidentifiable. (Box 74-76) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. \n         \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinter's Blocks\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWood cuts used for publication. (Boxes 77- 80) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XII. ARTIFACTS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCufflinks, tie clamp, neck scarf, doctoral gown, hood\n         and mortarboard. (Box 81) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XII. MEMORABILIA \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBaby books, collected programs, Christmas, general\n         greeting and get-well cards, etc. Arranged by type. (Boxes\n         82-84) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XIV. NEWSCLIPPINGS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLoose newsclippings from various newspapers on a variety\n         of subjects, no arrangement (Boxes 85) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSERIES XV. OVERSIZED ITEMS \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNewspaper, awards and research data.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00009_c07_c01_c220"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00005_c07_c25","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1972 \n                  \n                  Wayne","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00005_c07_c25#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00005_c07_c25","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00005_c07_c25"],"id":"vipets_vipets00005_c07_c25","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00005","_root_":"vipets_vipets00005","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00005_c07","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00005_c07","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00005","vipets_vipets00005_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00005","vipets_vipets00005_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938","SERIES VII. PHOTOS -- LOOSE"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938","SERIES VII. PHOTOS -- LOOSE"],"text":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938","SERIES VII. PHOTOS -- LOOSE","1972 \n                  \n                  Wayne","Box-folder \n                  16:249"],"title_filing_ssi":"1972 \n                   \n                  Wayne","title_ssm":["1972 \n                  \n                  Wayne"],"title_tesim":["1972 \n                  \n                  Wayne"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1972 \n                  \n                  Wayne"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":297,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  16:249"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#24","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00005","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00005","_root_":"vipets_vipets00005","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00005","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00005.xml","title_ssm":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938"],"title_tesim":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1982-20"],"text":["1982-20","Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938","This collection\n         contains ca. 5,000 pieces.","The items in Box 29 are restricted; there are no other\n            restrictions in this collection.","Series I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (Container 1) \n          Series II. CORRESPONDENCE \u0026 REPORTS (Containers 1-9)\n          A. Family [1. By Date / 2. By Name] \n          B. Personal [1. By Name / 2. By Date] \n          C. Business [1. Azurest Syndicate / 2. U. S. Patent\n         Office] \n          Series III. WORK- V.S.U. (Container 9) \n          Series IV. ALUMNI (Containers 10-12) \n          A. General \n          B. House Committee \n          Series V. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS (Container 12) \n          A. Dunbar High School Class Reunion \n          B. Gillfield Baptist Church \n          C. The Virginia Federation of Colored Women's Club \n          Series VI. SCRAPBOOKS (Containers 13-15, loose books) \n          Series VII. PHOTOGRAPHS (Container 16) \n          Series VIII PRINTED MATERIAL (Container 17) \n          Series IX. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS (Containers 18-20) \n          A. Furniture \n          B. Line Drawings \n          C. Blueprints","Amaza Lee Meredith was born in Lynchburg, Virginia on\n         August 14,1895. She was the daughter of Emma P. Kenny\n         (Meredith) and Samuel P. Meredith. She had two sisters and one\n         brother; the eldest child , Maude, maintained a life-long\n         closeness with Amaza. In 1915, Meredith completed here early\n         schooling in Lynchburg, where she graduated at the top of her\n         class.","Her First teaching job was at a rural ungraded school\n         called Indian Rock, located in Botetourt County, Virginia.\n         Here, Meredith organized the Indian Rock Parent- Teacher's\n         Association, which worked in conjunction with the Negro\n         Organization Society of Virginia to bring improvement to the\n         local school system. In 1918, she returned to Lynchburg, where\n         she taught elementary school. In 1922, she served as\n         Valedictorian for her class at the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute. This was followed by six years of\n         teaching mathematics at Dunbar High School in Lynchburg.","Ms. Meredith enrolled in the Teacher's College of Columbia\n         University, New York in 1928. It was there where she earned\n         both her Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in Fine Arts\n         Education.","Her career with Virginia State University began in 1930,\n         though she took a leave of absence from 1934-35 to complete\n         her Master's degree. In 1935, she advanced to the position of\n         Department Char, where she remained until her retirement in\n         1958. Amaza Meredith established the schools of Fine Arts\n         department.","Beyond her career at V. S. U., Meredith's life was also\n         rich in contributions. Her artistic self spilled over into\n         these other facets of her life. She exhibited her art at the\n         Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and in galleries in New York and\n         North Carolina. Some works were acquired by groups, such as\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church, where they are still displayed;\n         many others hang in the homes of area residents.","She also developed interior decorating and design skills.\n         In the field of business, she coordinated color schemes for\n         campus buildings. To provide for new shelving units, she\n         created blueprints, which proposed modifications in the art\n         department layouts.","This remarkable person also pursued architectural\n         interests. Though she had no known formal training, Amaza\n         Meredith fully designed her own home - both inside and out,\n         and im1939, it was built on Boisseau Street here in Ettrick.\n         She named it \"Azurest South.\" In the ensuing decades, Meredith\n         laid out the blueprints for several homes, most notably in Sag\n         Harbor, Long Island, New York.","In the 1950's Sag Harbor flourished as resort area for\n         blacks. Amaza and her sister, Maude, worked together to buy,\n         create, and develop the subdivision later called \"Azurest\n         North.\" They worked with others to establish the \"Azurest\n         Syndicate, Inc.\" Syndicate lots were sold to individual\n         investors, who the built summer, or year-round cottages and\n         this land. Ms. Meredith designed at least two of these\n         residences: 1) Terry Cottage, summer home for her sister,\n         Maude Terry: and 2) Edendot, belonging to friends Ed and Dot\n         Spaulding.","Additionally, Meredith provided several sets of blueprints\n         for the proposed V. S. U. Alumni House in 1949. Once these\n         plans fell through, Amaza tried another approach: She willed\n         her half of Azurest South to the V. S. U. Alumni Association\n         in the hopes that the dream for which she had worked so long\n         would become a reality. Joint ownership of Azurest South was\n         held with Ms. Edna Colson, another retired faculty member of\n         V. S. U. In 1985, the Alumni Association purchased the\n         Colson's half of the house, and Azurest South is now the\n         official V. S. U. Alumni House.","Meredith was generally active in the Alumni Association.\n         She was an honorary member of the Gillfield Baptist Church.\n         While she participated in several other organizations and\n         committees, the extent of her involvement is not known.","In 1984, Amaza Lee Meredith died.","The Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912-1983, document a slice\n         of Virginia's history in the twentieth century. This founder\n         of the Fine Arts Department lived a life abundant in\n         contributions well beyond her career at Virginia State\n         University, while some materials relate directly to her work\n         as a faculty member. Her devotion to education spanned over\n         four decades; these papers reflect her efforts. Born in 1895,\n         Meredith was raised in a period which some consider the lowest\n         point in African-American history since the antebellum era. A\n         product of such adversity, she adjusted to work and achieve\n         during and after a time of legal segregation. This collection\n         speaks to her successes in overcoming the \"obstacles\" of both\n         race and gender.","Beginning in 1930, Meredith corresponded frequently with\n         family, most notably, her sister, Maude Terry. These letters\n         reveal the depth of love and loyalty the family cultivated and\n         nurtured for lifetime. They demonstrate the difference in\n         women's roles between the black and white interdependent\n         relationship with men; black women have received greater\n         support from their peers in the arena of independence. In this\n         vein, Meredith's family gave her nothing short of a full\n         endorsement for her outstanding achievements. It is likely\n         that such contributed to her ability to surmount societal\n         resistance.","Many of Meredith's peers were educators. Her papers include\n         correspondence with Helen Edmonds, Anne Crittendon Preston,\n         and Jean Murrell Capers (who later made her mark in politics).\n         The remaining correspondence comes from people of varied\n         backgrounds, also as viable research material.","Another group of personal correspondence related to\n         Stafford Evans, a prized students of Ms. Meredith. While there\n         is some continuation of correspondence into the 1980s, most of\n         these letters were written while Evans served in the navy from\n         1943-45. Included are copies of The Mananan, a WWII Black\n         sailors' March and December of 1945. This sub-series lends\n         expression to the ambiguity, which black soldiers felt while\n         in fighting for a democracy to which they themselves were not\n         privy.","Meredith's business records document the origins of the\n         Azurest Syndicate in 1953. Ms. Meredith worked with her\n         sister, Ms. Terry, to pioneer the development of a Black\n         summer resort area known as the Azurest North. The Syndicate\n         served to regulate the subdivision's lot sales. The unique\n         aspect of this venture are numerous: the development of a\n         black resort in this time period, the syndicate, and the\n         project's creation and development by two Black women - whose\n         careers were unrelated to such a field.","It appears that, from the 1950's through the 1970's some\n         homes in Azurest North were designed by Ms. Meredith. Though\n         she had no known formal architectural schooling, she created\n         countless line and ink drawings as well as blueprints, which\n         are also included in this collection. Several of these\n         projects succeeded in being built. For many more, the end\n         result is as yet undetermined.","Unquestionably, Meredith designed and built her own home,\n         known as Azurest South, which she truly reflects her artistic\n         gift. Blueprints, line drawings, and sketches of this home are\n         available for research.","Found in another series are the plans for the proposed V.\n         S. U. Alumni House. Beginning in 1949 and working through the\n         next decade, Meredith was active with the Alumni House\n         Committee in attempts to produce an Alumni House. She retained\n         general Alumni records from as early as 1936 and ending in\n         1969.","Lastly, she created more than a dozen scrapbooks, devoting\n         each to a different subject and/or person. They contain\n         documents, photos, letters, news clippings, and ephemera,\n         which combine to form a rich source of research on their\n         topics. The materials cut across all the other sub-series in\n         these collections.","Amaza Meredith maintained a life-long friendship with Edna\n         Colson, former head of the Education Department at V. S. U.\n         They also shared a residence and had mutual friends. Clearly,\n         in order to research either person in- depth, it will be\n         necessary to study the other. Some further correspondence\n         exists in Colson/Hill the sub-series of MS. Colson's personal\n         correspondence dating from 1905-79. This includes information\n         of the trip to Europe made by Colson and Meredith. Some\n         materials, however are restricted (Box 29).","This is a collection of cards and programs.\n                  Included in this scrapbook is one of several\n                  telegrams.","This is a photographic record of Azurest South\n                  during its construction and as the home shared by\n                  Amaza Meredith and Edna Colson.","Correspondence, number of letters concerning\n                  Amamza Meredith teaching career in Lynchburg, and her\n                  being recruited to come to Virginia State by John M.\n                  Gandy. The other letters are mainly from friends\n                  concerning a variety of subjects. Included in the\n                  scrapbook is numerous of news-clippings, programs,\n                  tickets and other items collected by her long\n                  life.","Some correspondence, most of the materials consist\n                  of several programs, which were designed by Miss\n                  Meredith. Included in this book are also a number of\n                  speeches most concerning the teaching of or about\n                  art.","A collection of photographs covering a wide\n                  area.","This scrapbook includes a number of poems and\n                  letters written by Amaza Lee Meredith. The Evening\n                  song and Alma Mater of Virginia State is embodied in\n                  this scrapbook. Other letters and poems written or\n                  given to Miss Meredith can also be found. There are\n                  newspaper-clippings of poems written by Miss Amaza\n                  and also others that she collected.","Correspondence, photo's and newspaper-clippings\n                  from some of her former students. Included in this\n                  scrapbook are: James Gault Chander Flymn, Roderick\n                  Taylor, Freddrick F. Kersy, Reyenea Perry, Mildred\n                  Fountain, Huedillard Fitzgerald. Stanford Evens and\n                  others. There is addition some material about\n                  Lynchberg Virginia.","Some correspondence, news-clipping, programs most\n                  of which document the establishment of the Meredith\n                  Art at Virginia State in 1972 Gallery.","This scrapbook contains some correspondence,\n                  programs and printed articles about Anne Spencer of\n                  Lynchburg. Mrs. Spencer was a poet of the Harlem\n                  Renaissance Period. One of Miss Meredith sisters was\n                  married to Miss Spencer sons.","A Scrapbook of letters from a wide group of people\n                  dating from 1941 through 1976.","Some correspondence photographs and cards of\n                  sympathy about the death of Iris Terry Richards. Dr.\n                  Richards was Miss Meredith niece.","News-clippings, newsletters and other material\n                  mostly about Art.","A combination of items includes Miss Meredith's\n                  High School grades and diploma. There are letters of\n                  recognition and certificates.","Most of the material document Miss Meredith\n                  involvement with the Gillfield Baptist Church in\n                  Petersburg, Va.","This scrapbook document Miss Meredith retirement\n                  from Virginia State University in 1958. There are\n                  cards, programs, letters and photographs.","EDIT ME!","The Amaza Lee Meredith papers\n         contain personal and business documents generated by Ms.\n         Meredith which reflect the activities of her lifetime.\n         Included are materials related to her career at Virginia State\n         University, her participation in the V.S.U. Alumni Association\n         the official records of the Azurest North Syndicate, and\n         personal correspondence with several prominent blueprints,\n         line drawings, and sketches of Ms. Meredith's designs which\n         demonstrates her pursuits in architecture.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1982-20"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938"],"collection_title_tesim":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938"],"collection_ssim":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, \n         1912,\n         1930-1938"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were given to the V.S.U. Archives/ Special\n            Collections Department by decree of Ms. Meredith's Last\n            Will and Testament."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         contains ca. 5,000 pieces."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in Box 29 are restricted; there are no other\n            restrictions in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The items in Box 29 are restricted; there are no other\n            restrictions in this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (Container 1) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries II. CORRESPONDENCE \u0026amp; REPORTS (Containers 1-9)\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Family [1. By Date / 2. By Name] \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. Personal [1. By Name / 2. By Date] \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. Business [1. Azurest Syndicate / 2. U. S. Patent\n         Office] \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries III. WORK- V.S.U. (Container 9) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries IV. ALUMNI (Containers 10-12) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. General \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. House Committee \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries V. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS (Container 12) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Dunbar High School Class Reunion \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. Gillfield Baptist Church \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. The Virginia Federation of Colored Women's Club \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries VI. SCRAPBOOKS (Containers 13-15, loose books) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries VII. PHOTOGRAPHS (Container 16) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries VIII PRINTED MATERIAL (Container 17) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeries IX. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS (Containers 18-20) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Furniture \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eB. Line Drawings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eC. Blueprints\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (Container 1) \n          Series II. CORRESPONDENCE \u0026 REPORTS (Containers 1-9)\n          A. Family [1. By Date / 2. By Name] \n          B. Personal [1. By Name / 2. By Date] \n          C. Business [1. Azurest Syndicate / 2. U. S. Patent\n         Office] \n          Series III. WORK- V.S.U. (Container 9) \n          Series IV. ALUMNI (Containers 10-12) \n          A. General \n          B. House Committee \n          Series V. ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATIONS (Container 12) \n          A. Dunbar High School Class Reunion \n          B. Gillfield Baptist Church \n          C. The Virginia Federation of Colored Women's Club \n          Series VI. SCRAPBOOKS (Containers 13-15, loose books) \n          Series VII. PHOTOGRAPHS (Container 16) \n          Series VIII PRINTED MATERIAL (Container 17) \n          Series IX. ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS (Containers 18-20) \n          A. Furniture \n          B. Line Drawings \n          C. Blueprints"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmaza Lee Meredith was born in Lynchburg, Virginia on\n         August 14,1895. She was the daughter of Emma P. Kenny\n         (Meredith) and Samuel P. Meredith. She had two sisters and one\n         brother; the eldest child , Maude, maintained a life-long\n         closeness with Amaza. In 1915, Meredith completed here early\n         schooling in Lynchburg, where she graduated at the top of her\n         class.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer First teaching job was at a rural ungraded school\n         called Indian Rock, located in Botetourt County, Virginia.\n         Here, Meredith organized the Indian Rock Parent- Teacher's\n         Association, which worked in conjunction with the Negro\n         Organization Society of Virginia to bring improvement to the\n         local school system. In 1918, she returned to Lynchburg, where\n         she taught elementary school. In 1922, she served as\n         Valedictorian for her class at the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute. This was followed by six years of\n         teaching mathematics at Dunbar High School in Lynchburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs. Meredith enrolled in the Teacher's College of Columbia\n         University, New York in 1928. It was there where she earned\n         both her Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in Fine Arts\n         Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer career with Virginia State University began in 1930,\n         though she took a leave of absence from 1934-35 to complete\n         her Master's degree. In 1935, she advanced to the position of\n         Department Char, where she remained until her retirement in\n         1958. Amaza Meredith established the schools of Fine Arts\n         department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeyond her career at V. S. U., Meredith's life was also\n         rich in contributions. Her artistic self spilled over into\n         these other facets of her life. She exhibited her art at the\n         Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and in galleries in New York and\n         North Carolina. Some works were acquired by groups, such as\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church, where they are still displayed;\n         many others hang in the homes of area residents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe also developed interior decorating and design skills.\n         In the field of business, she coordinated color schemes for\n         campus buildings. To provide for new shelving units, she\n         created blueprints, which proposed modifications in the art\n         department layouts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis remarkable person also pursued architectural\n         interests. Though she had no known formal training, Amaza\n         Meredith fully designed her own home - both inside and out,\n         and im1939, it was built on Boisseau Street here in Ettrick.\n         She named it \"Azurest South.\" In the ensuing decades, Meredith\n         laid out the blueprints for several homes, most notably in Sag\n         Harbor, Long Island, New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1950's Sag Harbor flourished as resort area for\n         blacks. Amaza and her sister, Maude, worked together to buy,\n         create, and develop the subdivision later called \"Azurest\n         North.\" They worked with others to establish the \"Azurest\n         Syndicate, Inc.\" Syndicate lots were sold to individual\n         investors, who the built summer, or year-round cottages and\n         this land. Ms. Meredith designed at least two of these\n         residences: 1) Terry Cottage, summer home for her sister,\n         Maude Terry: and 2) Edendot, belonging to friends Ed and Dot\n         Spaulding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Meredith provided several sets of blueprints\n         for the proposed V. S. U. Alumni House in 1949. Once these\n         plans fell through, Amaza tried another approach: She willed\n         her half of Azurest South to the V. S. U. Alumni Association\n         in the hopes that the dream for which she had worked so long\n         would become a reality. Joint ownership of Azurest South was\n         held with Ms. Edna Colson, another retired faculty member of\n         V. S. U. In 1985, the Alumni Association purchased the\n         Colson's half of the house, and Azurest South is now the\n         official V. S. U. Alumni House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeredith was generally active in the Alumni Association.\n         She was an honorary member of the Gillfield Baptist Church.\n         While she participated in several other organizations and\n         committees, the extent of her involvement is not known.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1984, Amaza Lee Meredith died.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Amaza Lee Meredith was born in Lynchburg, Virginia on\n         August 14,1895. She was the daughter of Emma P. Kenny\n         (Meredith) and Samuel P. Meredith. She had two sisters and one\n         brother; the eldest child , Maude, maintained a life-long\n         closeness with Amaza. In 1915, Meredith completed here early\n         schooling in Lynchburg, where she graduated at the top of her\n         class.","Her First teaching job was at a rural ungraded school\n         called Indian Rock, located in Botetourt County, Virginia.\n         Here, Meredith organized the Indian Rock Parent- Teacher's\n         Association, which worked in conjunction with the Negro\n         Organization Society of Virginia to bring improvement to the\n         local school system. In 1918, she returned to Lynchburg, where\n         she taught elementary school. In 1922, she served as\n         Valedictorian for her class at the Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute. This was followed by six years of\n         teaching mathematics at Dunbar High School in Lynchburg.","Ms. Meredith enrolled in the Teacher's College of Columbia\n         University, New York in 1928. It was there where she earned\n         both her Bachelor's and Master's Degrees in Fine Arts\n         Education.","Her career with Virginia State University began in 1930,\n         though she took a leave of absence from 1934-35 to complete\n         her Master's degree. In 1935, she advanced to the position of\n         Department Char, where she remained until her retirement in\n         1958. Amaza Meredith established the schools of Fine Arts\n         department.","Beyond her career at V. S. U., Meredith's life was also\n         rich in contributions. Her artistic self spilled over into\n         these other facets of her life. She exhibited her art at the\n         Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and in galleries in New York and\n         North Carolina. Some works were acquired by groups, such as\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church, where they are still displayed;\n         many others hang in the homes of area residents.","She also developed interior decorating and design skills.\n         In the field of business, she coordinated color schemes for\n         campus buildings. To provide for new shelving units, she\n         created blueprints, which proposed modifications in the art\n         department layouts.","This remarkable person also pursued architectural\n         interests. Though she had no known formal training, Amaza\n         Meredith fully designed her own home - both inside and out,\n         and im1939, it was built on Boisseau Street here in Ettrick.\n         She named it \"Azurest South.\" In the ensuing decades, Meredith\n         laid out the blueprints for several homes, most notably in Sag\n         Harbor, Long Island, New York.","In the 1950's Sag Harbor flourished as resort area for\n         blacks. Amaza and her sister, Maude, worked together to buy,\n         create, and develop the subdivision later called \"Azurest\n         North.\" They worked with others to establish the \"Azurest\n         Syndicate, Inc.\" Syndicate lots were sold to individual\n         investors, who the built summer, or year-round cottages and\n         this land. Ms. Meredith designed at least two of these\n         residences: 1) Terry Cottage, summer home for her sister,\n         Maude Terry: and 2) Edendot, belonging to friends Ed and Dot\n         Spaulding.","Additionally, Meredith provided several sets of blueprints\n         for the proposed V. S. U. Alumni House in 1949. Once these\n         plans fell through, Amaza tried another approach: She willed\n         her half of Azurest South to the V. S. U. Alumni Association\n         in the hopes that the dream for which she had worked so long\n         would become a reality. Joint ownership of Azurest South was\n         held with Ms. Edna Colson, another retired faculty member of\n         V. S. U. In 1985, the Alumni Association purchased the\n         Colson's half of the house, and Azurest South is now the\n         official V. S. U. Alumni House.","Meredith was generally active in the Alumni Association.\n         She was an honorary member of the Gillfield Baptist Church.\n         While she participated in several other organizations and\n         committees, the extent of her involvement is not known.","In 1984, Amaza Lee Meredith died."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912, 1930-1930, Accession\n            #1982-20, Special Collections Dept., Johnson Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912, 1930-1930, Accession\n            #1982-20, Special Collections Dept., Johnson Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912-1983, document a slice\n         of Virginia's history in the twentieth century. This founder\n         of the Fine Arts Department lived a life abundant in\n         contributions well beyond her career at Virginia State\n         University, while some materials relate directly to her work\n         as a faculty member. Her devotion to education spanned over\n         four decades; these papers reflect her efforts. Born in 1895,\n         Meredith was raised in a period which some consider the lowest\n         point in African-American history since the antebellum era. A\n         product of such adversity, she adjusted to work and achieve\n         during and after a time of legal segregation. This collection\n         speaks to her successes in overcoming the \"obstacles\" of both\n         race and gender.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1930, Meredith corresponded frequently with\n         family, most notably, her sister, Maude Terry. These letters\n         reveal the depth of love and loyalty the family cultivated and\n         nurtured for lifetime. They demonstrate the difference in\n         women's roles between the black and white interdependent\n         relationship with men; black women have received greater\n         support from their peers in the arena of independence. In this\n         vein, Meredith's family gave her nothing short of a full\n         endorsement for her outstanding achievements. It is likely\n         that such contributed to her ability to surmount societal\n         resistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of Meredith's peers were educators. Her papers include\n         correspondence with Helen Edmonds, Anne Crittendon Preston,\n         and Jean Murrell Capers (who later made her mark in politics).\n         The remaining correspondence comes from people of varied\n         backgrounds, also as viable research material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother group of personal correspondence related to\n         Stafford Evans, a prized students of Ms. Meredith. While there\n         is some continuation of correspondence into the 1980s, most of\n         these letters were written while Evans served in the navy from\n         1943-45. Included are copies of The Mananan, a WWII Black\n         sailors' March and December of 1945. This sub-series lends\n         expression to the ambiguity, which black soldiers felt while\n         in fighting for a democracy to which they themselves were not\n         privy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeredith's business records document the origins of the\n         Azurest Syndicate in 1953. Ms. Meredith worked with her\n         sister, Ms. Terry, to pioneer the development of a Black\n         summer resort area known as the Azurest North. The Syndicate\n         served to regulate the subdivision's lot sales. The unique\n         aspect of this venture are numerous: the development of a\n         black resort in this time period, the syndicate, and the\n         project's creation and development by two Black women - whose\n         careers were unrelated to such a field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt appears that, from the 1950's through the 1970's some\n         homes in Azurest North were designed by Ms. Meredith. Though\n         she had no known formal architectural schooling, she created\n         countless line and ink drawings as well as blueprints, which\n         are also included in this collection. Several of these\n         projects succeeded in being built. For many more, the end\n         result is as yet undetermined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnquestionably, Meredith designed and built her own home,\n         known as Azurest South, which she truly reflects her artistic\n         gift. Blueprints, line drawings, and sketches of this home are\n         available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in another series are the plans for the proposed V.\n         S. U. Alumni House. Beginning in 1949 and working through the\n         next decade, Meredith was active with the Alumni House\n         Committee in attempts to produce an Alumni House. She retained\n         general Alumni records from as early as 1936 and ending in\n         1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLastly, she created more than a dozen scrapbooks, devoting\n         each to a different subject and/or person. They contain\n         documents, photos, letters, news clippings, and ephemera,\n         which combine to form a rich source of research on their\n         topics. The materials cut across all the other sub-series in\n         these collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmaza Meredith maintained a life-long friendship with Edna\n         Colson, former head of the Education Department at V. S. U.\n         They also shared a residence and had mutual friends. Clearly,\n         in order to research either person in- depth, it will be\n         necessary to study the other. Some further correspondence\n         exists in Colson/Hill the sub-series of MS. Colson's personal\n         correspondence dating from 1905-79. This includes information\n         of the trip to Europe made by Colson and Meredith. Some\n         materials, however are restricted (Box 29).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of cards and programs.\n                  Included in this scrapbook is one of several\n                  telegrams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a photographic record of Azurest South\n                  during its construction and as the home shared by\n                  Amaza Meredith and Edna Colson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, number of letters concerning\n                  Amamza Meredith teaching career in Lynchburg, and her\n                  being recruited to come to Virginia State by John M.\n                  Gandy. The other letters are mainly from friends\n                  concerning a variety of subjects. Included in the\n                  scrapbook is numerous of news-clippings, programs,\n                  tickets and other items collected by her long\n                  life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome correspondence, most of the materials consist\n                  of several programs, which were designed by Miss\n                  Meredith. Included in this book are also a number of\n                  speeches most concerning the teaching of or about\n                  art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA collection of photographs covering a wide\n                  area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook includes a number of poems and\n                  letters written by Amaza Lee Meredith. The Evening\n                  song and Alma Mater of Virginia State is embodied in\n                  this scrapbook. Other letters and poems written or\n                  given to Miss Meredith can also be found. There are\n                  newspaper-clippings of poems written by Miss Amaza\n                  and also others that she collected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photo's and newspaper-clippings\n                  from some of her former students. Included in this\n                  scrapbook are: James Gault Chander Flymn, Roderick\n                  Taylor, Freddrick F. Kersy, Reyenea Perry, Mildred\n                  Fountain, Huedillard Fitzgerald. Stanford Evens and\n                  others. There is addition some material about\n                  Lynchberg Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome correspondence, news-clipping, programs most\n                  of which document the establishment of the Meredith\n                  Art at Virginia State in 1972 Gallery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook contains some correspondence,\n                  programs and printed articles about Anne Spencer of\n                  Lynchburg. Mrs. Spencer was a poet of the Harlem\n                  Renaissance Period. One of Miss Meredith sisters was\n                  married to Miss Spencer sons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Scrapbook of letters from a wide group of people\n                  dating from 1941 through 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome correspondence photographs and cards of\n                  sympathy about the death of Iris Terry Richards. Dr.\n                  Richards was Miss Meredith niece.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNews-clippings, newsletters and other material\n                  mostly about Art.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA combination of items includes Miss Meredith's\n                  High School grades and diploma. There are letters of\n                  recognition and certificates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the material document Miss Meredith\n                  involvement with the Gillfield Baptist Church in\n                  Petersburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis scrapbook document Miss Meredith retirement\n                  from Virginia State University in 1958. There are\n                  cards, programs, letters and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Amaza Lee Meredith Papers, 1912-1983, document a slice\n         of Virginia's history in the twentieth century. This founder\n         of the Fine Arts Department lived a life abundant in\n         contributions well beyond her career at Virginia State\n         University, while some materials relate directly to her work\n         as a faculty member. Her devotion to education spanned over\n         four decades; these papers reflect her efforts. Born in 1895,\n         Meredith was raised in a period which some consider the lowest\n         point in African-American history since the antebellum era. A\n         product of such adversity, she adjusted to work and achieve\n         during and after a time of legal segregation. This collection\n         speaks to her successes in overcoming the \"obstacles\" of both\n         race and gender.","Beginning in 1930, Meredith corresponded frequently with\n         family, most notably, her sister, Maude Terry. These letters\n         reveal the depth of love and loyalty the family cultivated and\n         nurtured for lifetime. They demonstrate the difference in\n         women's roles between the black and white interdependent\n         relationship with men; black women have received greater\n         support from their peers in the arena of independence. In this\n         vein, Meredith's family gave her nothing short of a full\n         endorsement for her outstanding achievements. It is likely\n         that such contributed to her ability to surmount societal\n         resistance.","Many of Meredith's peers were educators. Her papers include\n         correspondence with Helen Edmonds, Anne Crittendon Preston,\n         and Jean Murrell Capers (who later made her mark in politics).\n         The remaining correspondence comes from people of varied\n         backgrounds, also as viable research material.","Another group of personal correspondence related to\n         Stafford Evans, a prized students of Ms. Meredith. While there\n         is some continuation of correspondence into the 1980s, most of\n         these letters were written while Evans served in the navy from\n         1943-45. Included are copies of The Mananan, a WWII Black\n         sailors' March and December of 1945. This sub-series lends\n         expression to the ambiguity, which black soldiers felt while\n         in fighting for a democracy to which they themselves were not\n         privy.","Meredith's business records document the origins of the\n         Azurest Syndicate in 1953. Ms. Meredith worked with her\n         sister, Ms. Terry, to pioneer the development of a Black\n         summer resort area known as the Azurest North. The Syndicate\n         served to regulate the subdivision's lot sales. The unique\n         aspect of this venture are numerous: the development of a\n         black resort in this time period, the syndicate, and the\n         project's creation and development by two Black women - whose\n         careers were unrelated to such a field.","It appears that, from the 1950's through the 1970's some\n         homes in Azurest North were designed by Ms. Meredith. Though\n         she had no known formal architectural schooling, she created\n         countless line and ink drawings as well as blueprints, which\n         are also included in this collection. Several of these\n         projects succeeded in being built. For many more, the end\n         result is as yet undetermined.","Unquestionably, Meredith designed and built her own home,\n         known as Azurest South, which she truly reflects her artistic\n         gift. Blueprints, line drawings, and sketches of this home are\n         available for research.","Found in another series are the plans for the proposed V.\n         S. U. Alumni House. Beginning in 1949 and working through the\n         next decade, Meredith was active with the Alumni House\n         Committee in attempts to produce an Alumni House. She retained\n         general Alumni records from as early as 1936 and ending in\n         1969.","Lastly, she created more than a dozen scrapbooks, devoting\n         each to a different subject and/or person. They contain\n         documents, photos, letters, news clippings, and ephemera,\n         which combine to form a rich source of research on their\n         topics. The materials cut across all the other sub-series in\n         these collections.","Amaza Meredith maintained a life-long friendship with Edna\n         Colson, former head of the Education Department at V. S. U.\n         They also shared a residence and had mutual friends. Clearly,\n         in order to research either person in- depth, it will be\n         necessary to study the other. Some further correspondence\n         exists in Colson/Hill the sub-series of MS. Colson's personal\n         correspondence dating from 1905-79. This includes information\n         of the trip to Europe made by Colson and Meredith. Some\n         materials, however are restricted (Box 29).","This is a collection of cards and programs.\n                  Included in this scrapbook is one of several\n                  telegrams.","This is a photographic record of Azurest South\n                  during its construction and as the home shared by\n                  Amaza Meredith and Edna Colson.","Correspondence, number of letters concerning\n                  Amamza Meredith teaching career in Lynchburg, and her\n                  being recruited to come to Virginia State by John M.\n                  Gandy. The other letters are mainly from friends\n                  concerning a variety of subjects. Included in the\n                  scrapbook is numerous of news-clippings, programs,\n                  tickets and other items collected by her long\n                  life.","Some correspondence, most of the materials consist\n                  of several programs, which were designed by Miss\n                  Meredith. Included in this book are also a number of\n                  speeches most concerning the teaching of or about\n                  art.","A collection of photographs covering a wide\n                  area.","This scrapbook includes a number of poems and\n                  letters written by Amaza Lee Meredith. The Evening\n                  song and Alma Mater of Virginia State is embodied in\n                  this scrapbook. Other letters and poems written or\n                  given to Miss Meredith can also be found. There are\n                  newspaper-clippings of poems written by Miss Amaza\n                  and also others that she collected.","Correspondence, photo's and newspaper-clippings\n                  from some of her former students. Included in this\n                  scrapbook are: James Gault Chander Flymn, Roderick\n                  Taylor, Freddrick F. Kersy, Reyenea Perry, Mildred\n                  Fountain, Huedillard Fitzgerald. Stanford Evens and\n                  others. There is addition some material about\n                  Lynchberg Virginia.","Some correspondence, news-clipping, programs most\n                  of which document the establishment of the Meredith\n                  Art at Virginia State in 1972 Gallery.","This scrapbook contains some correspondence,\n                  programs and printed articles about Anne Spencer of\n                  Lynchburg. Mrs. Spencer was a poet of the Harlem\n                  Renaissance Period. One of Miss Meredith sisters was\n                  married to Miss Spencer sons.","A Scrapbook of letters from a wide group of people\n                  dating from 1941 through 1976.","Some correspondence photographs and cards of\n                  sympathy about the death of Iris Terry Richards. Dr.\n                  Richards was Miss Meredith niece.","News-clippings, newsletters and other material\n                  mostly about Art.","A combination of items includes Miss Meredith's\n                  High School grades and diploma. There are letters of\n                  recognition and certificates.","Most of the material document Miss Meredith\n                  involvement with the Gillfield Baptist Church in\n                  Petersburg, Va.","This scrapbook document Miss Meredith retirement\n                  from Virginia State University in 1958. There are\n                  cards, programs, letters and photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEDIT ME!\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["EDIT ME!"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Amaza Lee Meredith papers\n         contain personal and business documents generated by Ms.\n         Meredith which reflect the activities of her lifetime.\n         Included are materials related to her career at Virginia State\n         University, her participation in the V.S.U. Alumni Association\n         the official records of the Azurest North Syndicate, and\n         personal correspondence with several prominent blueprints,\n         line drawings, and sketches of Ms. Meredith's designs which\n         demonstrates her pursuits in architecture.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Amaza Lee Meredith papers\n         contain personal and business documents generated by Ms.\n         Meredith which reflect the activities of her lifetime.\n         Included are materials related to her career at Virginia State\n         University, her participation in the V.S.U. Alumni Association\n         the official records of the Azurest North Syndicate, and\n         personal correspondence with several prominent blueprints,\n         line drawings, and sketches of Ms. Meredith's designs which\n         demonstrates her pursuits in architecture."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":369,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00005_c07_c25"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"19th Annual Convention Richmond, Va \n                     Dec 27-31 1926\n                     O.S.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03_c01"],"id":"vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00052","_root_":"vipets_vipets00052","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00052","vipets_vipets00052_c04","vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00052","vipets_vipets00052_c04","vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966","Series IV.: Photographs","Sub-Series C: Alpha Phi Alpha\n                  Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966","Series IV.: Photographs","Sub-Series C: Alpha Phi Alpha\n                  Photographs"],"text":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966","Series IV.: Photographs","Sub-Series C: Alpha Phi Alpha\n                  Photographs","19th Annual Convention Richmond, Va \n                     Dec 27-31 1926\n                     O.S.","Box-folder \n                     10:16"],"title_filing_ssi":"19th Annual Convention Richmond, Va \n                      Dec 27-31 1926\n                     O.S.","title_ssm":["19th Annual Convention Richmond, Va \n                     Dec 27-31 1926\n                     O.S."],"title_tesim":["19th Annual Convention Richmond, Va \n                     Dec 27-31 1926\n                     O.S."],"normalized_title_ssm":["19th Annual Convention Richmond, Va \n                     Dec 27-31 1926\n                     O.S."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":196,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     10:16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00052","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00052","_root_":"vipets_vipets00052","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00052","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00052.xml","title_ssm":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966"],"title_tesim":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1920-1966"],"text":["1920-1966","Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966","5,000\n         items","Additional information about Robert P. Daniels may be\n            found in the Virginia State University Archives.","Series I. Correspondences 1926-1960 Some personal and\n         business correspondence of Robert P. Daniel. Most of the\n         correspondences has to do with Mr. Daniel's leaving Shaw\n         University to become the fifth President of Virginia State\n         College in 1949-1950. sub-series A. Personal Correspondence.\n         sub-series B. Buisness Correspondence","Series II. Organizations and Affiliations Sub-series A.\n         Alpha Phi Alpha Sub-Series B. Virginia Union Alumni\n         Association Sub-Series C. Class (1924)Reunions","Series III. Literary Speeches, Sermons and radio addresses\n         made by Robert P. Daniel from 1936-1966. speeches are arranged\n         by subject and location. Writings State Teachers Report.\n         sub-series A. speeches. sub- series B. Sermons. sub-series C.\n         writings.","Series IV. Photographs. Sub-series A. Personal Sub-series\n         B. The International advisory Board on Liberia Sub-series C.\n         The Alpha Phi Apha Fraternity","Series V. Printed. Sub-Series A. Programs and Flyers with\n         Meetings Attended by Robert Daniel. Sub-Series B. Awards and\n         Certificates Presented by Robert Daniel over a period of years\n         documenting his involvement in a number of organizations.\n         Sub-Series C. Virginia Union University Printed Items\n         generated by Virginia Union University which includes\n         programs, bullitens, and a short history of Virginia Union\n         University. D. Shaw Printed Items such as Bulletins, and other\n         programs E. The Sphinx F. . Degrees and Appointments. Earned\n         degrees for Robert Daniel and members of the Daniel and Taylor\n         Families. Included are appointments for Robert Daniel for\n         several commissions G. Newspapers. Several issues of Black\n         owned newspapers, which were published in North Carolina,\n         Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York. H. Newsclippings.\n         Newsclippings from a number of Newspaper mostly from Virginia\n         I.Civil Rights in Petersburg. Newsletters and Flyers\n         concerning some of the civil rights issues in Petersburg\n         during the 1960's","Series VI. Scrapbooks. Two Scrapbooks, The United States\n         Army Infantry Center and A testimonial in words and music.","Series VII. Artifacts Three Dimensional Items Awarded to or\n         collected by Robert Prentiss Daniel","Robert P. Daniel was elected to become the fifth president\n         of Virginia State University(then Virginia State College)in\n         December of 1949. He assumed his duties in February of 1950.\n         Mr. Daniel however was not a stranger to Virginia State,\n         having been born on the campus in 1902. This strange twist of\n         fate makes Robert P. Daniel the only President of a\n         state-supported institution who was born on the campus, which\n         he would later serve as chief administrator.","The historical background, which explains, this unusual\n         occurrence lay in the origins of the Daniel Family. The roots\n         of this family began in Louisa County Virginia, with Lucy\n         Langston, Robert Daniel's great great grandmother, who was\n         described as being of African and Virginia Indian origins.","Lucy langston lived as the only wife of Ralph Quarles, a\n         white farmer and landholder in Louisa County. Although this\n         was not a legal union(black-white marriages had been outlawed\n         in Virginia in 1692), the two lived as man and wife for more\n         than thirty years.","From this union came four children: Maria (Daniel's great\n         grandmother), Gideon, Charles and John Mercer Langston (who\n         become the first president of Virginia State in 1886-1887.\n         Ralph Quarles had given his common law wife her freedom\n         earlier and all four of these children were born free between\n         the years of 1800-1829.","Maria Langston married early and her proud father gave her\n         a section of his farm as a wedding gift and also from her\n         father she recieved as her personal property her husband\n         Joseph Powell, who was a slave belonging to Ralph Quarles.\n         Maria Langston like other free blacks, (men and women) around\n         the state of Virginia were forced to hold their husbands and\n         or wives as their personal property in order to keep the\n         family unit together.","From this union came Robert Daniel's grandmother Lucinda,\n         who like her mother also married a slave and was forced to\n         hold him as her enslaved property. Charles Daniel, father of\n         Robert Daniel was born in 1845 in Louisa and until around 1870\n         lived with his father and learned his trade in shoemaking.","In 1871 he entered the Richmond Institute graduating from\n         the Normal Department in 1877 and its Academic Department in\n         1878. He studied law for one year at Howard University and\n         then accepted a teaching position in Danville, Virginia.","In 1888 he was invited to become the Secretary of Virginia\n         Normal and Collegiate Institute. It was here in the old\n         Virginia hall that Robert Daniel and all but one of the eight\n         Daniel children were born.","Robert P. Daniel graduated from Virginia Union University\n         in 1924. Later, he obtained his MA and his doctorate at\n         Teachers College. He also completed a post doctoral study in\n         Bible at the Union Theological Seminary in New York during the\n         summers of 1943 and 1946.","Robert Daniel began his career in higher education at\n         Virginia Union University in Richmond as an instructor in\n         mathematics in 1924. Concurrently, Dr. Daniel supervised the\n         establishment of the Norfolk division of Virginia Union\n         University which later became the Norfork division of Virginia\n         State College. He was named president of Shaw University in\n         1936 until 1950.","Dr. Daniel was elected president of Virginia State College\n         by the State Board of Education on December 15th 1949\n         following the death of Luther H. Foster.","Dr. Daniel was an active member of several state and\n         national professional organizations.","The Daniel Papers document primarly his becoming the\n         President of Shaw University in 1936 and Virginia State\n         University in 1950. There is also correspondence concerning\n         his activities with a national radio program \"Wings over\n         Jordan\" and with Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.In the daniel\n         papers are also some very interesting newsletters printed by\n         the \"Political Action Committee\" of the Petersburg Improvement\n         Association. These newsletters address the attempts to\n         desegrate public facilities in Petersburg.","There are no restrictions.","Personal and business\n         correspondence of the fifth President of Virginia State\n         University. Robert P. Daniel was one of the movers in\n         establishing what is now Norfolk State University. He was also\n         very involved in efforts to integrate the institutions of\n         higher learning in Virginia. Acc.#1976-16","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1920-1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Robert Printiss Daniel \n         \n         1920-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["Robert Printiss\n         Daniel"],"creator_ssim":["Robert Printiss\n         Daniel"],"acqinfo_ssim":["A gift from the Daniel Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5,000\n         items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional information about Robert P. Daniels may be\n            found in the Virginia State University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Additional information about Robert P. Daniels may be\n            found in the Virginia State University Archives."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondences 1926-1960 Some personal and\n         business correspondence of Robert P. Daniel. Most of the\n         correspondences has to do with Mr. Daniel's leaving Shaw\n         University to become the fifth President of Virginia State\n         College in 1949-1950. sub-series A. Personal Correspondence.\n         sub-series B. Buisness Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Organizations and Affiliations Sub-series A.\n         Alpha Phi Alpha Sub-Series B. Virginia Union Alumni\n         Association Sub-Series C. Class (1924)Reunions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Literary Speeches, Sermons and radio addresses\n         made by Robert P. Daniel from 1936-1966. speeches are arranged\n         by subject and location. Writings State Teachers Report.\n         sub-series A. speeches. sub- series B. Sermons. sub-series C.\n         writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Photographs. Sub-series A. Personal Sub-series\n         B. The International advisory Board on Liberia Sub-series C.\n         The Alpha Phi Apha Fraternity\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Printed. Sub-Series A. Programs and Flyers with\n         Meetings Attended by Robert Daniel. Sub-Series B. Awards and\n         Certificates Presented by Robert Daniel over a period of years\n         documenting his involvement in a number of organizations.\n         Sub-Series C. Virginia Union University Printed Items\n         generated by Virginia Union University which includes\n         programs, bullitens, and a short history of Virginia Union\n         University. D. Shaw Printed Items such as Bulletins, and other\n         programs E. The Sphinx F. . Degrees and Appointments. Earned\n         degrees for Robert Daniel and members of the Daniel and Taylor\n         Families. Included are appointments for Robert Daniel for\n         several commissions G. Newspapers. Several issues of Black\n         owned newspapers, which were published in North Carolina,\n         Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York. H. Newsclippings.\n         Newsclippings from a number of Newspaper mostly from Virginia\n         I.Civil Rights in Petersburg. Newsletters and Flyers\n         concerning some of the civil rights issues in Petersburg\n         during the 1960's\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Scrapbooks. Two Scrapbooks, The United States\n         Army Infantry Center and A testimonial in words and music.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Artifacts Three Dimensional Items Awarded to or\n         collected by Robert Prentiss Daniel\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondences 1926-1960 Some personal and\n         business correspondence of Robert P. Daniel. Most of the\n         correspondences has to do with Mr. Daniel's leaving Shaw\n         University to become the fifth President of Virginia State\n         College in 1949-1950. sub-series A. Personal Correspondence.\n         sub-series B. Buisness Correspondence","Series II. Organizations and Affiliations Sub-series A.\n         Alpha Phi Alpha Sub-Series B. Virginia Union Alumni\n         Association Sub-Series C. Class (1924)Reunions","Series III. Literary Speeches, Sermons and radio addresses\n         made by Robert P. Daniel from 1936-1966. speeches are arranged\n         by subject and location. Writings State Teachers Report.\n         sub-series A. speeches. sub- series B. Sermons. sub-series C.\n         writings.","Series IV. Photographs. Sub-series A. Personal Sub-series\n         B. The International advisory Board on Liberia Sub-series C.\n         The Alpha Phi Apha Fraternity","Series V. Printed. Sub-Series A. Programs and Flyers with\n         Meetings Attended by Robert Daniel. Sub-Series B. Awards and\n         Certificates Presented by Robert Daniel over a period of years\n         documenting his involvement in a number of organizations.\n         Sub-Series C. Virginia Union University Printed Items\n         generated by Virginia Union University which includes\n         programs, bullitens, and a short history of Virginia Union\n         University. D. Shaw Printed Items such as Bulletins, and other\n         programs E. The Sphinx F. . Degrees and Appointments. Earned\n         degrees for Robert Daniel and members of the Daniel and Taylor\n         Families. Included are appointments for Robert Daniel for\n         several commissions G. Newspapers. Several issues of Black\n         owned newspapers, which were published in North Carolina,\n         Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York. H. Newsclippings.\n         Newsclippings from a number of Newspaper mostly from Virginia\n         I.Civil Rights in Petersburg. Newsletters and Flyers\n         concerning some of the civil rights issues in Petersburg\n         during the 1960's","Series VI. Scrapbooks. Two Scrapbooks, The United States\n         Army Infantry Center and A testimonial in words and music.","Series VII. Artifacts Three Dimensional Items Awarded to or\n         collected by Robert Prentiss Daniel"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert P. Daniel was elected to become the fifth president\n         of Virginia State University(then Virginia State College)in\n         December of 1949. He assumed his duties in February of 1950.\n         Mr. Daniel however was not a stranger to Virginia State,\n         having been born on the campus in 1902. This strange twist of\n         fate makes Robert P. Daniel the only President of a\n         state-supported institution who was born on the campus, which\n         he would later serve as chief administrator.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe historical background, which explains, this unusual\n         occurrence lay in the origins of the Daniel Family. The roots\n         of this family began in Louisa County Virginia, with Lucy\n         Langston, Robert Daniel's great great grandmother, who was\n         described as being of African and Virginia Indian origins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy langston lived as the only wife of Ralph Quarles, a\n         white farmer and landholder in Louisa County. Although this\n         was not a legal union(black-white marriages had been outlawed\n         in Virginia in 1692), the two lived as man and wife for more\n         than thirty years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom this union came four children: Maria (Daniel's great\n         grandmother), Gideon, Charles and John Mercer Langston (who\n         become the first president of Virginia State in 1886-1887.\n         Ralph Quarles had given his common law wife her freedom\n         earlier and all four of these children were born free between\n         the years of 1800-1829.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaria Langston married early and her proud father gave her\n         a section of his farm as a wedding gift and also from her\n         father she recieved as her personal property her husband\n         Joseph Powell, who was a slave belonging to Ralph Quarles.\n         Maria Langston like other free blacks, (men and women) around\n         the state of Virginia were forced to hold their husbands and\n         or wives as their personal property in order to keep the\n         family unit together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom this union came Robert Daniel's grandmother Lucinda,\n         who like her mother also married a slave and was forced to\n         hold him as her enslaved property. Charles Daniel, father of\n         Robert Daniel was born in 1845 in Louisa and until around 1870\n         lived with his father and learned his trade in shoemaking.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1871 he entered the Richmond Institute graduating from\n         the Normal Department in 1877 and its Academic Department in\n         1878. He studied law for one year at Howard University and\n         then accepted a teaching position in Danville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1888 he was invited to become the Secretary of Virginia\n         Normal and Collegiate Institute. It was here in the old\n         Virginia hall that Robert Daniel and all but one of the eight\n         Daniel children were born.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert P. Daniel graduated from Virginia Union University\n         in 1924. Later, he obtained his MA and his doctorate at\n         Teachers College. He also completed a post doctoral study in\n         Bible at the Union Theological Seminary in New York during the\n         summers of 1943 and 1946.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Daniel began his career in higher education at\n         Virginia Union University in Richmond as an instructor in\n         mathematics in 1924. Concurrently, Dr. Daniel supervised the\n         establishment of the Norfolk division of Virginia Union\n         University which later became the Norfork division of Virginia\n         State College. He was named president of Shaw University in\n         1936 until 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Daniel was elected president of Virginia State College\n         by the State Board of Education on December 15th 1949\n         following the death of Luther H. Foster.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Daniel was an active member of several state and\n         national professional organizations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert P. Daniel was elected to become the fifth president\n         of Virginia State University(then Virginia State College)in\n         December of 1949. He assumed his duties in February of 1950.\n         Mr. Daniel however was not a stranger to Virginia State,\n         having been born on the campus in 1902. This strange twist of\n         fate makes Robert P. Daniel the only President of a\n         state-supported institution who was born on the campus, which\n         he would later serve as chief administrator.","The historical background, which explains, this unusual\n         occurrence lay in the origins of the Daniel Family. The roots\n         of this family began in Louisa County Virginia, with Lucy\n         Langston, Robert Daniel's great great grandmother, who was\n         described as being of African and Virginia Indian origins.","Lucy langston lived as the only wife of Ralph Quarles, a\n         white farmer and landholder in Louisa County. Although this\n         was not a legal union(black-white marriages had been outlawed\n         in Virginia in 1692), the two lived as man and wife for more\n         than thirty years.","From this union came four children: Maria (Daniel's great\n         grandmother), Gideon, Charles and John Mercer Langston (who\n         become the first president of Virginia State in 1886-1887.\n         Ralph Quarles had given his common law wife her freedom\n         earlier and all four of these children were born free between\n         the years of 1800-1829.","Maria Langston married early and her proud father gave her\n         a section of his farm as a wedding gift and also from her\n         father she recieved as her personal property her husband\n         Joseph Powell, who was a slave belonging to Ralph Quarles.\n         Maria Langston like other free blacks, (men and women) around\n         the state of Virginia were forced to hold their husbands and\n         or wives as their personal property in order to keep the\n         family unit together.","From this union came Robert Daniel's grandmother Lucinda,\n         who like her mother also married a slave and was forced to\n         hold him as her enslaved property. Charles Daniel, father of\n         Robert Daniel was born in 1845 in Louisa and until around 1870\n         lived with his father and learned his trade in shoemaking.","In 1871 he entered the Richmond Institute graduating from\n         the Normal Department in 1877 and its Academic Department in\n         1878. He studied law for one year at Howard University and\n         then accepted a teaching position in Danville, Virginia.","In 1888 he was invited to become the Secretary of Virginia\n         Normal and Collegiate Institute. It was here in the old\n         Virginia hall that Robert Daniel and all but one of the eight\n         Daniel children were born.","Robert P. Daniel graduated from Virginia Union University\n         in 1924. Later, he obtained his MA and his doctorate at\n         Teachers College. He also completed a post doctoral study in\n         Bible at the Union Theological Seminary in New York during the\n         summers of 1943 and 1946.","Robert Daniel began his career in higher education at\n         Virginia Union University in Richmond as an instructor in\n         mathematics in 1924. Concurrently, Dr. Daniel supervised the\n         establishment of the Norfolk division of Virginia Union\n         University which later became the Norfork division of Virginia\n         State College. He was named president of Shaw University in\n         1936 until 1950.","Dr. Daniel was elected president of Virginia State College\n         by the State Board of Education on December 15th 1949\n         following the death of Luther H. Foster.","Dr. Daniel was an active member of several state and\n         national professional organizations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Prentiss Daniel Papers, Accession # 1976-16,\n            Special Collections and University Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Robert Prentiss Daniel Papers, Accession # 1976-16,\n            Special Collections and University Archives, Johnston\n            Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg,\n            VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daniel Papers document primarly his becoming the\n         President of Shaw University in 1936 and Virginia State\n         University in 1950. There is also correspondence concerning\n         his activities with a national radio program \"Wings over\n         Jordan\" and with Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.In the daniel\n         papers are also some very interesting newsletters printed by\n         the \"Political Action Committee\" of the Petersburg Improvement\n         Association. These newsletters address the attempts to\n         desegrate public facilities in Petersburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Daniel Papers document primarly his becoming the\n         President of Shaw University in 1936 and Virginia State\n         University in 1950. There is also correspondence concerning\n         his activities with a national radio program \"Wings over\n         Jordan\" and with Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.In the daniel\n         papers are also some very interesting newsletters printed by\n         the \"Political Action Committee\" of the Petersburg Improvement\n         Association. These newsletters address the attempts to\n         desegrate public facilities in Petersburg."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePersonal and business\n         correspondence of the fifth President of Virginia State\n         University. Robert P. Daniel was one of the movers in\n         establishing what is now Norfolk State University. He was also\n         very involved in efforts to integrate the institutions of\n         higher learning in Virginia. Acc.#1976-16\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Personal and business\n         correspondence of the fifth President of Virginia State\n         University. Robert P. Daniel was one of the movers in\n         establishing what is now Norfolk State University. He was also\n         very involved in efforts to integrate the institutions of\n         higher learning in Virginia. Acc.#1976-16"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":363,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00052_c04_c03_c01"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c55","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1st District 21st Annual Conference \n1903","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00008_c02_c55#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c55","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00008_c02_c55"],"id":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c55","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008","_root_":"vipets_vipets00008","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00008_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00008","vipets_vipets00008_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00008","vipets_vipets00008_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports"],"text":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports","1st District 21st Annual Conference \n1903","Box-folder \n3:75"],"title_filing_ssi":"1st District 21st Annual Conference \n 1903","title_ssm":["1st District 21st Annual Conference \n1903"],"title_tesim":["1st District 21st Annual Conference \n1903"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1st District 21st Annual Conference \n1903"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":77,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n3:75"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#54","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00008","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008","_root_":"vipets_vipets00008","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00008","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00008.xml","title_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"title_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1980-36"],"text":["1980-36","Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","This collection\ncontains ca. 200 pieces.","There are no restrictions.","In series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.","The second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970.","James Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" ","Elder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.","The plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. ","During October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"","The denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.","Controversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.","Bishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.","The merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated.","The Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.","Howell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.","These papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.","These papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.","The papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used.","There are no restrictions.","The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1980-36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["James Oliver Allen gave these papers to the Virginia\nState University Archives/Special Collections Department in\nhopes of a publication of a book on this denomination. They\nare to be preserved, administered, and used by the Virginia\nState University Archives/Special Collections under\ncustomary practices and guidelines of general archival\nadministration. Copyrights were transferred to Virginia\nState University by Deed of Gift in February 1980.\nAccession Number: 1980-36."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\ncontains ca. 200 pieces."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["In series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.","The second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eControversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" ","Elder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.","The plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. ","During October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"","The denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.","Controversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.","Bishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.","The merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, 1876-1974,\nAccession # 1980-36, Special Collections and Archives,\nJohnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University,\nPetersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, 1876-1974,\nAccession # 1980-36, Special Collections and Archives,\nJohnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University,\nPetersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.","Howell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.","These papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.","These papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.","The papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":90,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00008_c02_c55"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c56","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1st District 26th Annual Conference \n1907","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00008_c02_c56#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c56","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00008_c02_c56"],"id":"vipets_vipets00008_c02_c56","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008","_root_":"vipets_vipets00008","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00008_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00008","vipets_vipets00008_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00008","vipets_vipets00008_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports"],"text":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","Series II: Minutes and\nReports","1st District 26th Annual Conference \n1907","Box-folder \n3:76"],"title_filing_ssi":"1st District 26th Annual Conference \n 1907","title_ssm":["1st District 26th Annual Conference \n1907"],"title_tesim":["1st District 26th Annual Conference \n1907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1st District 26th Annual Conference \n1907"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":78,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n3:76"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#55","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00008","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00008","_root_":"vipets_vipets00008","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00008","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00008.xml","title_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"title_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1980-36"],"text":["1980-36","Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974","This collection\ncontains ca. 200 pieces.","There are no restrictions.","In series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.","The second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970.","James Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" ","Elder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.","The plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. ","During October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"","The denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.","Controversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.","Bishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.","The merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated.","The Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.","Howell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.","These papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.","These papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.","The papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used.","There are no restrictions.","The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1980-36"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"collection_title_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"collection_ssim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, \n\n1876-1974"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["James Oliver Allen gave these papers to the Virginia\nState University Archives/Special Collections Department in\nhopes of a publication of a book on this denomination. They\nare to be preserved, administered, and used by the Virginia\nState University Archives/Special Collections under\ncustomary practices and guidelines of general archival\nadministration. Copyrights were transferred to Virginia\nState University by Deed of Gift in February 1980.\nAccession Number: 1980-36."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\ncontains ca. 200 pieces."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["In series one of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic papers,\nthere are detailed records of the church's history. In these\nrecords an unfinished publication of the church's history and\na brief history of the denominations formation and James\nRichard Howell. Included are many projects that the church was\nworking on along with financial reports from these projects.\nSome minutes from annual conferences are added in this\nseries.","The second series contains minutes from annual conferences,\nSunday school conventions, Women's home Mission and\nEducational Society, Home Mission and Educational Convention,\nthe Reformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools and Rising Zion Young\nPeople's Society. These minutes are from the first and second\ndistrict. These records date from 1876-1970."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eControversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Richard Howell established the Reformed Zion Union\nApostolic Church in 1869, although the beginnings of its\nfoundation can be traced back to 1865. James Howell was a\nnative of New York City where he was an elder of the African\nMethodist Episcopal Zion Church. Elder Howell, who was an abolitionist, envisioned a church to evangelize the\nSouthern \"Negro.\" ","Elder Howell left his home in New York City and boarded a\ntrain heading south. Several hours later he had arrived in the town of LaCrosse in Mechlenburg, Virginia. This is where he began to form\nthe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church. Howell began to talk\nwith individuals concerning the church he envisioned. These\nindividuals appeared to have been interested in his idea. On on April\n1, 1869, a delegation including ministers from various\ndenominations, assembled in Boydton, Virginia to consider\nHowell's plan of union.","The plan of union was accepted by the delegation with\nexception of some matters relating to the episcopate\ngovernment. Elder Howell won suggestion of his new\ndenomination, the Zion Union Apostolic Church. The name came\nfrom many of the scriptures that Howell read. Zion was the stronghold\nof ancient days, therefore, Zion would be the stronghold of\nGod's people in this age. As Christ taught oneness of himself\nand the heavenly father and his oneness with his followers,\nso, too, shall his church dwell as a union. ","During October 1869, a second meeting was held at the          Zion Society to complete the work of a Zion Union Society. At\nthis meeting guidelines for the general rules were adopted and\nElder Howell was elected to a four-year term as President of\nthe \"Zion Union Apostolic Church of America.\"","The denomination was divided into three major factions, the\nliberals, who had withdrawn from the Episcopalian communion,\nthe conservatives, who had been in the white Methodist church,\nand the fundamentalists who had come from the Baptist churches\nor were new converts to Christianity. The three factions made\nalmost unceasing war on each other. The liberals were perhaps\na decade ahead of their time in plans and ideas. The\nfundamentalists were determined to fight for local church\nsovereignty and the immunity of the pastors from any authority\nexcept local congregations. The conservatives hued strictly to\nthe Methodist line, in doctrines and in practices. Bishop\nHowell was almost a faction within himself. He used his powers\nof appointment, silencing and expulsion of ministers as a\nsledgehammer to drive the stakes of Zion according to his own\ndesigns.","Controversy became rampant and even bitter. The\nstruggle the between the bishops and the elders became more divisive to the church when\na movement grew to merge the Zion Union Church with the\nEpiscopal Church. Bishop Howell fought with an abrasive\ntenacity and the division was so sharpened that some Elders\nand churches withdrew from Zion.","Bishop James Howell released himself from his duties of\nbishop from 1880-1881. Bishop William Howell was a man\nconsidered agreeable to conservatives, liberals and the \nfundamentalist. Bishop Howell immediately approved ineffective\nwith the opening of the conference of 1880. His first order of\nbusiness was the merger of the Episcopalian government. After\nfour days of meetings on the matter, a motion prevailed that\nthe Common Book of Prayer would be adopted. The conference\nended with the Zion Union Apostolic Church being organized into   thirty-eight Episcopalian churches and missions.\nand purposes.","The merger, however, was as a yet one-sided affair. James\nR. Howell came out of the Conference more determined than ever\nto save his beloved Zion. When the Annual Conference of 1881\nwas called to order, Howell had done little on the merger\nexcept the rather astringent efforts of opposition. Once\nreturned to office of Bishop, James R. Howell used his powers\nto batter his opponents. The shock of his fury tore the church\nasunder. The Conservatives found it necessary to go to the\nBishop and once again point out the grave situation. Howell\nacceded. He set to work to hear the breach in Zion. He\nsuccessfully arranged a Conference in 1882 to put Zion Union\non one accord. The Conservative leadership took over once the\nConference was called to order and set in motion plans, which\nwould free Zion Union of discord. The Conference ended with\ndifferences worked out, a return to presidential government\nand complete rejection of the merger. From this conference,\nthe church was known as the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch. However in the Conference of 1884, the Episcopacy\ngovernment was restored with the ruling that is shall never be\neliminated."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, 1876-1974,\nAccession # 1980-36, Special Collections and Archives,\nJohnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University,\nPetersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church Papers, 1876-1974,\nAccession # 1980-36, Special Collections and Archives,\nJohnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University,\nPetersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHowell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Reformed Zion Union Church papers (1876-1974) are vital\npapers about the formation of a denomination after the Civil\nWar. These papers give a detailed account about the beginnings\nof this denomination and its founder James Richard Howell.","Howell, a former member of the African Methodist Episcopal\nZion Church, envisioned a church where all could go to worship\nregardless of race, creed, or color. Howell determined to see\nhis vision come true, set out to find a place for this church.\nHe boarded a train and found himself in LaCrosse, Virginia and\nthis is where the Reformed Zion Union Apostolic Church\ndenomination began.","These papers document the origins, purposes and functions\nof a uniquely African American Christian church. They\nrepresent a church that was not in existence until 1869. These\npapers have a distinct worth because it gives you an\nunderstanding of how a church was established after the Civil\nWar.","These papers include minutes from Annual Conferences,\nSunday School Conventions, Home Missions and Educational\nConvention, Women's Home Mission and Educational Society, the\nReformed Zion Union Sabbath Schools, and Rising Zion Young\nPeoples Society.","The papers are useful not only to members of this\ndenomination but anybody who is interested in how black\nchurches were formed after the Civil War. These materials also\nhelp to inform us of the structure of the African American\ncommunity after the Civil War. These materials document some\nof the activities in Virginia's black belt. Also, these papers\nmay also be useful for genealogical work because quite a few\nnames are used."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. Included in these papers is an\nunfinished history of the church's existence, minutes from a\nconference dating back to 1876, and minutes from the Sabbath\nschools that were formed.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Reformed Zion Union Apostolic\nChurch papers contain minutes, reports and the church's\nhistory projects during almost a hundred year span from the\nchurch's organization. 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