{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1398\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1397\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1399\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026page=1412\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1398,"next_page":1399,"prev_page":1397,"total_pages":1412,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":13970,"total_count":14112,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c42","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Working for Great Ideas","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c42#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c42","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c42"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c42","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)","Working for Great Ideas","Box-folder \n                     5:42"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working for Great Ideas","title_ssm":["Working for Great Ideas"],"title_tesim":["Working for Great Ideas"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working for Great Ideas"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":143,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     5:42"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#41","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"text":["1997-77","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c42"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00060_c02_c35","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Working Papers Financial: Working Papers Financial\n1963-1964","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00060_c02_c35#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060_c02_c35","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00060_c02_c35"],"id":"vipets_vipets00060_c02_c35","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060","_root_":"vipets_vipets00060","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00060_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00060","vipets_vipets00060_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00060","vipets_vipets00060_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","Series II: Office of the Treasurer/Secretary"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","Series II: Office of the Treasurer/Secretary"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","Series II: Office of the Treasurer/Secretary","Working Papers Financial: Working Papers Financial\n1963-1964","box-folder 4a:22"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Papers Financial\n 1963-1964\n","title_ssm":["Working Papers Financial: Working Papers Financial\n1963-1964"],"title_tesim":["Working Papers Financial: Working Papers Financial\n1963-1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Papers Financial: Working Papers Financial\n1963-1964"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":87,"containers_ssim":["box-folder 4a:22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#34","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00060","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060","_root_":"vipets_vipets00060","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00060","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00060.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","ca. 50,000 Pieces","Collection is open to research.\n","Series I. Board of Trustees Minutes, Correspondence and Governance 1963-1967 Boxes # 1-3\n","Sub-Series A. Minutes Box # 1 The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts\nto acquire funds, equipment, and the approval of a curriculum.\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 1-3 Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School\nAssociation.\n","Series II. The Office of the Treasurer/Secretary Boxes # 4-7 The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all\ndonated and loaned equipment.\n","Series III. Office of the Business Manager Boxes # 8-17B The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent Boxes # 18-29 Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Sub-Series A. Memo's and Correspondence Boxes# 18-19 -Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 20-22 General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n","Sub-Series C. Correspondence by folder heading Boxes # 23-24 Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n","Sub-Series D. Personal Files Boxes # 25-27 Correspondence, Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n","Sub-Series E. Exit Interviews Box # 28 Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n","Sub-Series F. Student Evaluation Box # 29 Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n","Series V. Administrative Offices of the Free School system Boxes # 30-33\n","Sub-Series A. The Principals Office Boxes # 30-31 The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office\nCorrespondence maintained by the Principal, is arranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the\nproblems of running a high school on a day-to-day basis.\n","Sub-Series B. Department Correspondence Box # 32 Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n","Sub-Series C. Department Reports Box # 33 Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for\nthe school year 1965 to 1965.\n","Series VI. Literary Box # 33A\n","Sub-Series A. Reports Box # 33A These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there\nare also a number of progress reports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n","Sub-Series B. Speeches Box # 33A Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n","Sub-Series C. Writings Box # 33A Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n","Series VII. Office of Pupil Personnel Boxes # 34-48 Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the\noffice of Pupil Personnel Services was established. The director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n","Sub-Series A. Correspondence Boxes # 34-35 Correspondence with heads of the units reporting to the director of student personnel.\n","Sub-Series B. Lunch, Daily Reports Boxes # 36-41A Applications for free lunch, menu's for each day\n","Sub-Series C. Absentees Box # 42 These were required statistics maintained for the state. list of each student's attendance.\n","Sub-Series D. Attendance Boxes # 43-45 list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n","Sub-Series E. School Monthly Reports Box # 46 Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n","Sub-Series F. Transportation, Students Box # 47 It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance\nrecords.\n","Sub-Series G. Special Education Box # 47 Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n","Sub-Series H. Clothing Box # 48 Applicants from families for clothing assistance, arranged in alphabetical order.Restricted.\n","Series VIII. Teachers Records Boxes # 49-53\n","Sub-Series A. Grade Sheets Box # 49\n","Sub-Series B. Grade Books Boxes # 50-52\n","Sub-Series C. Text Books Box # 53\n","Sub-Series D. Summer Recreational Schedules Box # 53\n","Series VIV. Student Records Boxes # 54-63 Restricted\n","Sub-Series A. Pupil Registration Cards Boxes # 54-59\n","Sub-series B. Standardized test Boxes # 60-62\n","Sub-Series C. Transcripts Boxes 63-106\n","Series X. Photographs Box # 107\n","Sub-Series A. Admin Photographs of instructors and administratorsistrative Staff Box # 107\n","Sub-Series B. Robert Kennedy's visit to Prince Edward County Box # 107 Photographs of the program held in Prince Edward County attended by the Attorney General.\n","Series XI. Printed Boxes # 107-109\n","Sub-Series A. Yearbooks Box # 107 The Eagle\n","Sub-Series B. Newsletters Box # 107 The Moton Eagle The Branch # 2 Informer vol 1-4\n","Sub-Series C. The Story of Prince Edward Free School Box # 107 A publication commissioned by the Free School in 1964\n","Sub-Series D. Programs Box # 108 Plays, programs, and other events sponsored by the Free School Association, local P.T.A and The library club.\n","Sub-Series E. Prince Edward County Pamphlet Box # 108 Pamphlet printed by the Washington Post No Date\n","Sub-Series F. News clippings Box # 108 Clippings from various newspapers and magazines concerning Prince Edward County.\n","Sub-Series G. Office Supplies Box # 109 Envelopes, Stationary used by the Prince Edward County Free School\n","Alphabetically\n","The small south side county of Prince Edward had by 1963 become both a natural and international embarrassment. The county was one of five locales, which came to be called Brown v. The Board of Education\nTopeca, Kansas.The State of Virginia responded to the Supreme Court decision with what came to be called massive resistance.\n","In 1959 the Supreme Court of Virginia struck down Virginia's massive resistance laws. Public school systems throughout Virginia began to implement various programs to comply with the 1954 decision, the county\nof Prince Edward opted to close all public schools to prevent integration.\n","From 1959 until 1964, there were no public schools operating in Prince Edward County. In 1963 the Kennedy administration (mainly Robert Kennedy) brought the power of the Federal Government into the debacle in\nPrince Edward County.\n","The Federal Government and the United States Justice Department came to an agreement with the State of Virginia to reopen the Prince Edward County Public Schools as soon as possible. It became apparent very\nquickly that the previous four years had taken a heavy toll on both school facilities and students.\n","Because of the absence of public education, it was thought that a transitional school was neccessary until the public schools would reopen. The Free School was a result of cooperation between the Prince Edward\nCounty Public School and the Free School Association, which was formed in the summer of 1963. For a period of one year, the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees took the place of the Prince Edward\nCounty School Board.\n","According to \"The Story of the Prince Edward County Free School\" \"A former Governor of Virginia, Colgate W. Darden, Jr., served as chairman of a six-man, biracial board of trustees composed of leading educators\nof the state who were to govern the new system's program. The other trustees who agreed to serve at the request of Governeor Harrison were Dr. Fred C. Cole, President of Washington and Lee University; Dr. Robert\nP. Daniel, President of Virginia State College; Dr. Thomas H. Henderson, President of Virginia Union University; Dr. Earl H, McClenney, President of St. Pauls College, and Dr. F.D.G. Ribble, retired dean of the\nUniversity of Virginia Law School. A New York Educator, Dr. Neil V. Sullivan, who had attained success with the most modern educational methods including non-graded instruction, was employed as school\nsuperintendent.\" The Board of Trustees were able to raise more than one million dollars to support the Free School Association during it's existance. The Free School was in existance for only one year 1964-1965.\n","The Prince Edward County (VA) Free School Association Papers document one aspect of Virginia's Massive Resistance to public school integration. Minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, teachers and\nstudent records, vividly show the damage done to the African American Community during the time frame 1959-1963.\n"," The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts to acquire funds, equipment,\nand the approval of a curriculum.\n"," Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School Association.\n"," The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all donated and loaned equipment.\n"," The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n"," Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n"," General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n"," Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n"," Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n"," Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n"," Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n"," The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office Correspondence maintained by the Principal, is\narranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the problems of running a high school on a day-to-day\nbasis.\n"," Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n"," Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for the school year 1965 to 1965.\n"," These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there are also a number of progress\nreports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n"," Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n"," Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n"," It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance records.\n"," Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n"," Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the office of Pupil Personnel Services was established.\nThe director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n"," Final grade sheets from the Prince Edward County Free School teaching faculty. Restricted\n"," Grade books maintained by the teaching faculty of the Prince Edward Free School Association. Restricted\n"," Book files used by the teachers in the Free School. There are also included list of recommended books for certain subjects. Arranged by grade level.\n"," The schools and grounds were made available for students to use during the summer months when they were not in school. This sub-series documents those people who were assigned or agreed to work as supervisors\nfor this program.\n"," Gates reading survey, the Stanford Achievement, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, The Chuazz nonverbal standardized (Student from Michigan State) Administrated Stanford and Metropolitan Test).Restrictions apply\n"," Student enrolled in the Prince Edward County Free School from 1963-1964. Restrictions Apply\n"," Documents printed by the Prince Edward County Free School Association. There are also a number of other items which were collected by the Free School Administrators.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Between the years 1959 and 1963, there were no public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia. After five long years the County and State allowed Prince Edwards schools to reopen.\nBecause the black children of the county had no school during this period of time (the white students attended an all white academy) it was thought best to organize a free school which would pave the way for\nhundreds of young children to return to school after a five year absence. The Prince Edward County, Virginia (free school) papers are the records of that effort. The papers contain correspondence, reports,\nphotographs and other items, which document this sad period in Virginia History.\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["A gift from the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 50,000 Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Board of Trustees Minutes, Correspondence and Governance 1963-1967 Boxes # 1-3\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Minutes Box # 1 The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts\nto acquire funds, equipment, and the approval of a curriculum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 1-3 Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School\nAssociation.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. The Office of the Treasurer/Secretary Boxes # 4-7 The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all\ndonated and loaned equipment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Office of the Business Manager Boxes # 8-17B The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Office of the Superintendent Boxes # 18-29 Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Memo's and Correspondence Boxes# 18-19 -Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 20-22 General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Correspondence by folder heading Boxes # 23-24 Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Personal Files Boxes # 25-27 Correspondence, Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Exit Interviews Box # 28 Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series F. Student Evaluation Box # 29 Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Administrative Offices of the Free School system Boxes # 30-33\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. The Principals Office Boxes # 30-31 The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office\nCorrespondence maintained by the Principal, is arranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the\nproblems of running a high school on a day-to-day basis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Department Correspondence Box # 32 Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Department Reports Box # 33 Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for\nthe school year 1965 to 1965.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Literary Box # 33A\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Reports Box # 33A These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there\nare also a number of progress reports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Speeches Box # 33A Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Writings Box # 33A Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Office of Pupil Personnel Boxes # 34-48 Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the\noffice of Pupil Personnel Services was established. The director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Correspondence Boxes # 34-35 Correspondence with heads of the units reporting to the director of student personnel.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Lunch, Daily Reports Boxes # 36-41A Applications for free lunch, menu's for each day\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Absentees Box # 42 These were required statistics maintained for the state. list of each student's attendance.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Attendance Boxes # 43-45 list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. School Monthly Reports Box # 46 Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series F. Transportation, Students Box # 47 It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance\nrecords.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series G. Special Education Box # 47 Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series H. Clothing Box # 48 Applicants from families for clothing assistance, arranged in alphabetical order.Restricted.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Teachers Records Boxes # 49-53\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Grade Sheets Box # 49\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Grade Books Boxes # 50-52\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Text Books Box # 53\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Summer Recreational Schedules Box # 53\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIV. Student Records Boxes # 54-63 Restricted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Pupil Registration Cards Boxes # 54-59\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B. Standardized test Boxes # 60-62\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Transcripts Boxes 63-106\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Photographs Box # 107\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Admin Photographs of instructors and administratorsistrative Staff Box # 107\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Robert Kennedy's visit to Prince Edward County Box # 107 Photographs of the program held in Prince Edward County attended by the Attorney General.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI. Printed Boxes # 107-109\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Yearbooks Box # 107 The Eagle\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Newsletters Box # 107 The Moton Eagle The Branch # 2 Informer vol 1-4\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. The Story of Prince Edward Free School Box # 107 A publication commissioned by the Free School in 1964\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Programs Box # 108 Plays, programs, and other events sponsored by the Free School Association, local P.T.A and The library club.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Prince Edward County Pamphlet Box # 108 Pamphlet printed by the Washington Post No Date\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series F. News clippings Box # 108 Clippings from various newspapers and magazines concerning Prince Edward County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series G. Office Supplies Box # 109 Envelopes, Stationary used by the Prince Edward County Free School\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Board of Trustees Minutes, Correspondence and Governance 1963-1967 Boxes # 1-3\n","Sub-Series A. Minutes Box # 1 The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts\nto acquire funds, equipment, and the approval of a curriculum.\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 1-3 Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School\nAssociation.\n","Series II. The Office of the Treasurer/Secretary Boxes # 4-7 The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all\ndonated and loaned equipment.\n","Series III. Office of the Business Manager Boxes # 8-17B The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent Boxes # 18-29 Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Sub-Series A. Memo's and Correspondence Boxes# 18-19 -Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 20-22 General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n","Sub-Series C. Correspondence by folder heading Boxes # 23-24 Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n","Sub-Series D. Personal Files Boxes # 25-27 Correspondence, Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n","Sub-Series E. Exit Interviews Box # 28 Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n","Sub-Series F. Student Evaluation Box # 29 Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n","Series V. Administrative Offices of the Free School system Boxes # 30-33\n","Sub-Series A. The Principals Office Boxes # 30-31 The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office\nCorrespondence maintained by the Principal, is arranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the\nproblems of running a high school on a day-to-day basis.\n","Sub-Series B. Department Correspondence Box # 32 Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n","Sub-Series C. Department Reports Box # 33 Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for\nthe school year 1965 to 1965.\n","Series VI. Literary Box # 33A\n","Sub-Series A. Reports Box # 33A These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there\nare also a number of progress reports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n","Sub-Series B. Speeches Box # 33A Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n","Sub-Series C. Writings Box # 33A Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n","Series VII. Office of Pupil Personnel Boxes # 34-48 Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the\noffice of Pupil Personnel Services was established. The director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n","Sub-Series A. Correspondence Boxes # 34-35 Correspondence with heads of the units reporting to the director of student personnel.\n","Sub-Series B. Lunch, Daily Reports Boxes # 36-41A Applications for free lunch, menu's for each day\n","Sub-Series C. Absentees Box # 42 These were required statistics maintained for the state. list of each student's attendance.\n","Sub-Series D. Attendance Boxes # 43-45 list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n","Sub-Series E. School Monthly Reports Box # 46 Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n","Sub-Series F. Transportation, Students Box # 47 It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance\nrecords.\n","Sub-Series G. Special Education Box # 47 Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n","Sub-Series H. Clothing Box # 48 Applicants from families for clothing assistance, arranged in alphabetical order.Restricted.\n","Series VIII. Teachers Records Boxes # 49-53\n","Sub-Series A. Grade Sheets Box # 49\n","Sub-Series B. Grade Books Boxes # 50-52\n","Sub-Series C. Text Books Box # 53\n","Sub-Series D. Summer Recreational Schedules Box # 53\n","Series VIV. Student Records Boxes # 54-63 Restricted\n","Sub-Series A. Pupil Registration Cards Boxes # 54-59\n","Sub-series B. Standardized test Boxes # 60-62\n","Sub-Series C. Transcripts Boxes 63-106\n","Series X. Photographs Box # 107\n","Sub-Series A. Admin Photographs of instructors and administratorsistrative Staff Box # 107\n","Sub-Series B. Robert Kennedy's visit to Prince Edward County Box # 107 Photographs of the program held in Prince Edward County attended by the Attorney General.\n","Series XI. Printed Boxes # 107-109\n","Sub-Series A. Yearbooks Box # 107 The Eagle\n","Sub-Series B. Newsletters Box # 107 The Moton Eagle The Branch # 2 Informer vol 1-4\n","Sub-Series C. The Story of Prince Edward Free School Box # 107 A publication commissioned by the Free School in 1964\n","Sub-Series D. Programs Box # 108 Plays, programs, and other events sponsored by the Free School Association, local P.T.A and The library club.\n","Sub-Series E. Prince Edward County Pamphlet Box # 108 Pamphlet printed by the Washington Post No Date\n","Sub-Series F. News clippings Box # 108 Clippings from various newspapers and magazines concerning Prince Edward County.\n","Sub-Series G. Office Supplies Box # 109 Envelopes, Stationary used by the Prince Edward County Free School\n","Alphabetically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe small south side county of Prince Edward had by 1963 become both a natural and international embarrassment. The county was one of five locales, which came to be called Brown v. The Board of Education\nTopeca, Kansas.The State of Virginia responded to the Supreme Court decision with what came to be called massive resistance.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959 the Supreme Court of Virginia struck down Virginia's massive resistance laws. Public school systems throughout Virginia began to implement various programs to comply with the 1954 decision, the county\nof Prince Edward opted to close all public schools to prevent integration.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1959 until 1964, there were no public schools operating in Prince Edward County. In 1963 the Kennedy administration (mainly Robert Kennedy) brought the power of the Federal Government into the debacle in\nPrince Edward County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Government and the United States Justice Department came to an agreement with the State of Virginia to reopen the Prince Edward County Public Schools as soon as possible. It became apparent very\nquickly that the previous four years had taken a heavy toll on both school facilities and students.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the absence of public education, it was thought that a transitional school was neccessary until the public schools would reopen. The Free School was a result of cooperation between the Prince Edward\nCounty Public School and the Free School Association, which was formed in the summer of 1963. For a period of one year, the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees took the place of the Prince Edward\nCounty School Board.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to \"The Story of the Prince Edward County Free School\" \"A former Governor of Virginia, Colgate W. Darden, Jr., served as chairman of a six-man, biracial board of trustees composed of leading educators\nof the state who were to govern the new system's program. The other trustees who agreed to serve at the request of Governeor Harrison were Dr. Fred C. Cole, President of Washington and Lee University; Dr. Robert\nP. Daniel, President of Virginia State College; Dr. Thomas H. Henderson, President of Virginia Union University; Dr. Earl H, McClenney, President of St. Pauls College, and Dr. F.D.G. Ribble, retired dean of the\nUniversity of Virginia Law School. A New York Educator, Dr. Neil V. Sullivan, who had attained success with the most modern educational methods including non-graded instruction, was employed as school\nsuperintendent.\" The Board of Trustees were able to raise more than one million dollars to support the Free School Association during it's existance. The Free School was in existance for only one year 1964-1965.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The small south side county of Prince Edward had by 1963 become both a natural and international embarrassment. The county was one of five locales, which came to be called Brown v. The Board of Education\nTopeca, Kansas.The State of Virginia responded to the Supreme Court decision with what came to be called massive resistance.\n","In 1959 the Supreme Court of Virginia struck down Virginia's massive resistance laws. Public school systems throughout Virginia began to implement various programs to comply with the 1954 decision, the county\nof Prince Edward opted to close all public schools to prevent integration.\n","From 1959 until 1964, there were no public schools operating in Prince Edward County. In 1963 the Kennedy administration (mainly Robert Kennedy) brought the power of the Federal Government into the debacle in\nPrince Edward County.\n","The Federal Government and the United States Justice Department came to an agreement with the State of Virginia to reopen the Prince Edward County Public Schools as soon as possible. It became apparent very\nquickly that the previous four years had taken a heavy toll on both school facilities and students.\n","Because of the absence of public education, it was thought that a transitional school was neccessary until the public schools would reopen. The Free School was a result of cooperation between the Prince Edward\nCounty Public School and the Free School Association, which was formed in the summer of 1963. For a period of one year, the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees took the place of the Prince Edward\nCounty School Board.\n","According to \"The Story of the Prince Edward County Free School\" \"A former Governor of Virginia, Colgate W. Darden, Jr., served as chairman of a six-man, biracial board of trustees composed of leading educators\nof the state who were to govern the new system's program. The other trustees who agreed to serve at the request of Governeor Harrison were Dr. Fred C. Cole, President of Washington and Lee University; Dr. Robert\nP. Daniel, President of Virginia State College; Dr. Thomas H. Henderson, President of Virginia Union University; Dr. Earl H, McClenney, President of St. Pauls College, and Dr. F.D.G. Ribble, retired dean of the\nUniversity of Virginia Law School. A New York Educator, Dr. Neil V. Sullivan, who had attained success with the most modern educational methods including non-graded instruction, was employed as school\nsuperintendent.\" The Board of Trustees were able to raise more than one million dollars to support the Free School Association during it's existance. The Free School was in existance for only one year 1964-1965.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[A Guide To The Papers of The Prince Edward County Free School], Accession #[1969-38 ], Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[A Guide To The Papers of The Prince Edward County Free School], Accession #[1969-38 ], Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Prince Edward County (VA) Free School Association Papers document one aspect of Virginia's Massive Resistance to public school integration. Minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, teachers and\nstudent records, vividly show the damage done to the African American Community during the time frame 1959-1963.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts to acquire funds, equipment,\nand the approval of a curriculum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School Association.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all donated and loaned equipment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office Correspondence maintained by the Principal, is\narranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the problems of running a high school on a day-to-day\nbasis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for the school year 1965 to 1965.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there are also a number of progress\nreports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the office of Pupil Personnel Services was established.\nThe director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Final grade sheets from the Prince Edward County Free School teaching faculty. Restricted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Grade books maintained by the teaching faculty of the Prince Edward Free School Association. Restricted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Book files used by the teachers in the Free School. There are also included list of recommended books for certain subjects. Arranged by grade level.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The schools and grounds were made available for students to use during the summer months when they were not in school. This sub-series documents those people who were assigned or agreed to work as supervisors\nfor this program.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Gates reading survey, the Stanford Achievement, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, The Chuazz nonverbal standardized (Student from Michigan State) Administrated Stanford and Metropolitan Test).Restrictions apply\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Student enrolled in the Prince Edward County Free School from 1963-1964. Restrictions Apply\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Documents printed by the Prince Edward County Free School Association. There are also a number of other items which were collected by the Free School Administrators.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Prince Edward County (VA) Free School Association Papers document one aspect of Virginia's Massive Resistance to public school integration. Minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, teachers and\nstudent records, vividly show the damage done to the African American Community during the time frame 1959-1963.\n"," The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts to acquire funds, equipment,\nand the approval of a curriculum.\n"," Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School Association.\n"," The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all donated and loaned equipment.\n"," The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n"," Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n"," General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n"," Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n"," Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n"," Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n"," Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n"," The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office Correspondence maintained by the Principal, is\narranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the problems of running a high school on a day-to-day\nbasis.\n"," Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n"," Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for the school year 1965 to 1965.\n"," These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there are also a number of progress\nreports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n"," Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n"," Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n"," It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance records.\n"," Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n"," Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the office of Pupil Personnel Services was established.\nThe director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n"," Final grade sheets from the Prince Edward County Free School teaching faculty. Restricted\n"," Grade books maintained by the teaching faculty of the Prince Edward Free School Association. Restricted\n"," Book files used by the teachers in the Free School. There are also included list of recommended books for certain subjects. Arranged by grade level.\n"," The schools and grounds were made available for students to use during the summer months when they were not in school. This sub-series documents those people who were assigned or agreed to work as supervisors\nfor this program.\n"," Gates reading survey, the Stanford Achievement, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, The Chuazz nonverbal standardized (Student from Michigan State) Administrated Stanford and Metropolitan Test).Restrictions apply\n"," Student enrolled in the Prince Edward County Free School from 1963-1964. Restrictions Apply\n"," Documents printed by the Prince Edward County Free School Association. There are also a number of other items which were collected by the Free School Administrators.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBetween the years 1959 and 1963, there were no public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia. After five long years the County and State allowed Prince Edwards schools to reopen.\nBecause the black children of the county had no school during this period of time (the white students attended an all white academy) it was thought best to organize a free school which would pave the way for\nhundreds of young children to return to school after a five year absence. The Prince Edward County, Virginia (free school) papers are the records of that effort. The papers contain correspondence, reports,\nphotographs and other items, which document this sad period in Virginia History.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Between the years 1959 and 1963, there were no public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia. After five long years the County and State allowed Prince Edwards schools to reopen.\nBecause the black children of the county had no school during this period of time (the white students attended an all white academy) it was thought best to organize a free school which would pave the way for\nhundreds of young children to return to school after a five year absence. The Prince Edward County, Virginia (free school) papers are the records of that effort. The papers contain correspondence, reports,\nphotographs and other items, which document this sad period in Virginia History.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00060_c02_c35"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00060_c02_c60","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Working Papers: Working Papers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00060_c02_c60#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060_c02_c60","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00060_c02_c60"],"id":"vipets_vipets00060_c02_c60","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060","_root_":"vipets_vipets00060","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00060_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00060","vipets_vipets00060_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00060","vipets_vipets00060_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","Series II: Office of the Treasurer/Secretary"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","Series II: Office of the Treasurer/Secretary"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","Series II: Office of the Treasurer/Secretary","Working Papers: Working Papers","box-folder 6:9"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Papers\n","title_ssm":["Working Papers: Working Papers"],"title_tesim":["Working Papers: Working Papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Papers: Working Papers"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":112,"containers_ssim":["box-folder 6:9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#59","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00060","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00060","_root_":"vipets_vipets00060","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00060","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00060.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967","ca. 50,000 Pieces","Collection is open to research.\n","Series I. Board of Trustees Minutes, Correspondence and Governance 1963-1967 Boxes # 1-3\n","Sub-Series A. Minutes Box # 1 The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts\nto acquire funds, equipment, and the approval of a curriculum.\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 1-3 Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School\nAssociation.\n","Series II. The Office of the Treasurer/Secretary Boxes # 4-7 The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all\ndonated and loaned equipment.\n","Series III. Office of the Business Manager Boxes # 8-17B The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent Boxes # 18-29 Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Sub-Series A. Memo's and Correspondence Boxes# 18-19 -Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 20-22 General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n","Sub-Series C. Correspondence by folder heading Boxes # 23-24 Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n","Sub-Series D. Personal Files Boxes # 25-27 Correspondence, Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n","Sub-Series E. Exit Interviews Box # 28 Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n","Sub-Series F. Student Evaluation Box # 29 Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n","Series V. Administrative Offices of the Free School system Boxes # 30-33\n","Sub-Series A. The Principals Office Boxes # 30-31 The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office\nCorrespondence maintained by the Principal, is arranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the\nproblems of running a high school on a day-to-day basis.\n","Sub-Series B. Department Correspondence Box # 32 Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n","Sub-Series C. Department Reports Box # 33 Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for\nthe school year 1965 to 1965.\n","Series VI. Literary Box # 33A\n","Sub-Series A. Reports Box # 33A These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there\nare also a number of progress reports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n","Sub-Series B. Speeches Box # 33A Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n","Sub-Series C. Writings Box # 33A Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n","Series VII. Office of Pupil Personnel Boxes # 34-48 Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the\noffice of Pupil Personnel Services was established. The director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n","Sub-Series A. Correspondence Boxes # 34-35 Correspondence with heads of the units reporting to the director of student personnel.\n","Sub-Series B. Lunch, Daily Reports Boxes # 36-41A Applications for free lunch, menu's for each day\n","Sub-Series C. Absentees Box # 42 These were required statistics maintained for the state. list of each student's attendance.\n","Sub-Series D. Attendance Boxes # 43-45 list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n","Sub-Series E. School Monthly Reports Box # 46 Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n","Sub-Series F. Transportation, Students Box # 47 It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance\nrecords.\n","Sub-Series G. Special Education Box # 47 Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n","Sub-Series H. Clothing Box # 48 Applicants from families for clothing assistance, arranged in alphabetical order.Restricted.\n","Series VIII. Teachers Records Boxes # 49-53\n","Sub-Series A. Grade Sheets Box # 49\n","Sub-Series B. Grade Books Boxes # 50-52\n","Sub-Series C. Text Books Box # 53\n","Sub-Series D. Summer Recreational Schedules Box # 53\n","Series VIV. Student Records Boxes # 54-63 Restricted\n","Sub-Series A. Pupil Registration Cards Boxes # 54-59\n","Sub-series B. Standardized test Boxes # 60-62\n","Sub-Series C. Transcripts Boxes 63-106\n","Series X. Photographs Box # 107\n","Sub-Series A. Admin Photographs of instructors and administratorsistrative Staff Box # 107\n","Sub-Series B. Robert Kennedy's visit to Prince Edward County Box # 107 Photographs of the program held in Prince Edward County attended by the Attorney General.\n","Series XI. Printed Boxes # 107-109\n","Sub-Series A. Yearbooks Box # 107 The Eagle\n","Sub-Series B. Newsletters Box # 107 The Moton Eagle The Branch # 2 Informer vol 1-4\n","Sub-Series C. The Story of Prince Edward Free School Box # 107 A publication commissioned by the Free School in 1964\n","Sub-Series D. Programs Box # 108 Plays, programs, and other events sponsored by the Free School Association, local P.T.A and The library club.\n","Sub-Series E. Prince Edward County Pamphlet Box # 108 Pamphlet printed by the Washington Post No Date\n","Sub-Series F. News clippings Box # 108 Clippings from various newspapers and magazines concerning Prince Edward County.\n","Sub-Series G. Office Supplies Box # 109 Envelopes, Stationary used by the Prince Edward County Free School\n","Alphabetically\n","The small south side county of Prince Edward had by 1963 become both a natural and international embarrassment. The county was one of five locales, which came to be called Brown v. The Board of Education\nTopeca, Kansas.The State of Virginia responded to the Supreme Court decision with what came to be called massive resistance.\n","In 1959 the Supreme Court of Virginia struck down Virginia's massive resistance laws. Public school systems throughout Virginia began to implement various programs to comply with the 1954 decision, the county\nof Prince Edward opted to close all public schools to prevent integration.\n","From 1959 until 1964, there were no public schools operating in Prince Edward County. In 1963 the Kennedy administration (mainly Robert Kennedy) brought the power of the Federal Government into the debacle in\nPrince Edward County.\n","The Federal Government and the United States Justice Department came to an agreement with the State of Virginia to reopen the Prince Edward County Public Schools as soon as possible. It became apparent very\nquickly that the previous four years had taken a heavy toll on both school facilities and students.\n","Because of the absence of public education, it was thought that a transitional school was neccessary until the public schools would reopen. The Free School was a result of cooperation between the Prince Edward\nCounty Public School and the Free School Association, which was formed in the summer of 1963. For a period of one year, the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees took the place of the Prince Edward\nCounty School Board.\n","According to \"The Story of the Prince Edward County Free School\" \"A former Governor of Virginia, Colgate W. Darden, Jr., served as chairman of a six-man, biracial board of trustees composed of leading educators\nof the state who were to govern the new system's program. The other trustees who agreed to serve at the request of Governeor Harrison were Dr. Fred C. Cole, President of Washington and Lee University; Dr. Robert\nP. Daniel, President of Virginia State College; Dr. Thomas H. Henderson, President of Virginia Union University; Dr. Earl H, McClenney, President of St. Pauls College, and Dr. F.D.G. Ribble, retired dean of the\nUniversity of Virginia Law School. A New York Educator, Dr. Neil V. Sullivan, who had attained success with the most modern educational methods including non-graded instruction, was employed as school\nsuperintendent.\" The Board of Trustees were able to raise more than one million dollars to support the Free School Association during it's existance. The Free School was in existance for only one year 1964-1965.\n","The Prince Edward County (VA) Free School Association Papers document one aspect of Virginia's Massive Resistance to public school integration. Minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, teachers and\nstudent records, vividly show the damage done to the African American Community during the time frame 1959-1963.\n"," The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts to acquire funds, equipment,\nand the approval of a curriculum.\n"," Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School Association.\n"," The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all donated and loaned equipment.\n"," The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n"," Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n"," General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n"," Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n"," Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n"," Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n"," Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n"," The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office Correspondence maintained by the Principal, is\narranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the problems of running a high school on a day-to-day\nbasis.\n"," Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n"," Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for the school year 1965 to 1965.\n"," These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there are also a number of progress\nreports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n"," Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n"," Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n"," It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance records.\n"," Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n"," Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the office of Pupil Personnel Services was established.\nThe director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n"," Final grade sheets from the Prince Edward County Free School teaching faculty. Restricted\n"," Grade books maintained by the teaching faculty of the Prince Edward Free School Association. Restricted\n"," Book files used by the teachers in the Free School. There are also included list of recommended books for certain subjects. Arranged by grade level.\n"," The schools and grounds were made available for students to use during the summer months when they were not in school. This sub-series documents those people who were assigned or agreed to work as supervisors\nfor this program.\n"," Gates reading survey, the Stanford Achievement, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, The Chuazz nonverbal standardized (Student from Michigan State) Administrated Stanford and Metropolitan Test).Restrictions apply\n"," Student enrolled in the Prince Edward County Free School from 1963-1964. Restrictions Apply\n"," Documents printed by the Prince Edward County Free School Association. There are also a number of other items which were collected by the Free School Administrators.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Between the years 1959 and 1963, there were no public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia. After five long years the County and State allowed Prince Edwards schools to reopen.\nBecause the black children of the county had no school during this period of time (the white students attended an all white academy) it was thought best to organize a free school which would pave the way for\nhundreds of young children to return to school after a five year absence. The Prince Edward County, Virginia (free school) papers are the records of that effort. The papers contain correspondence, reports,\nphotographs and other items, which document this sad period in Virginia History.\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Prince Edward County Free School: 1963-1967"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["A gift from the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 50,000 Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Board of Trustees Minutes, Correspondence and Governance 1963-1967 Boxes # 1-3\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Minutes Box # 1 The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts\nto acquire funds, equipment, and the approval of a curriculum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 1-3 Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School\nAssociation.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. The Office of the Treasurer/Secretary Boxes # 4-7 The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all\ndonated and loaned equipment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Office of the Business Manager Boxes # 8-17B The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Office of the Superintendent Boxes # 18-29 Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Memo's and Correspondence Boxes# 18-19 -Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 20-22 General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Correspondence by folder heading Boxes # 23-24 Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Personal Files Boxes # 25-27 Correspondence, Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Exit Interviews Box # 28 Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series F. Student Evaluation Box # 29 Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Administrative Offices of the Free School system Boxes # 30-33\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. The Principals Office Boxes # 30-31 The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office\nCorrespondence maintained by the Principal, is arranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the\nproblems of running a high school on a day-to-day basis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Department Correspondence Box # 32 Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Department Reports Box # 33 Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for\nthe school year 1965 to 1965.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Literary Box # 33A\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Reports Box # 33A These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there\nare also a number of progress reports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Speeches Box # 33A Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Writings Box # 33A Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Office of Pupil Personnel Boxes # 34-48 Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the\noffice of Pupil Personnel Services was established. The director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Correspondence Boxes # 34-35 Correspondence with heads of the units reporting to the director of student personnel.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Lunch, Daily Reports Boxes # 36-41A Applications for free lunch, menu's for each day\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Absentees Box # 42 These were required statistics maintained for the state. list of each student's attendance.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Attendance Boxes # 43-45 list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. School Monthly Reports Box # 46 Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series F. Transportation, Students Box # 47 It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance\nrecords.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series G. Special Education Box # 47 Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series H. Clothing Box # 48 Applicants from families for clothing assistance, arranged in alphabetical order.Restricted.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Teachers Records Boxes # 49-53\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Grade Sheets Box # 49\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Grade Books Boxes # 50-52\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Text Books Box # 53\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Summer Recreational Schedules Box # 53\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIV. Student Records Boxes # 54-63 Restricted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Pupil Registration Cards Boxes # 54-59\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B. Standardized test Boxes # 60-62\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Transcripts Boxes 63-106\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Photographs Box # 107\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Admin Photographs of instructors and administratorsistrative Staff Box # 107\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Robert Kennedy's visit to Prince Edward County Box # 107 Photographs of the program held in Prince Edward County attended by the Attorney General.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI. Printed Boxes # 107-109\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Yearbooks Box # 107 The Eagle\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Newsletters Box # 107 The Moton Eagle The Branch # 2 Informer vol 1-4\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. The Story of Prince Edward Free School Box # 107 A publication commissioned by the Free School in 1964\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. Programs Box # 108 Plays, programs, and other events sponsored by the Free School Association, local P.T.A and The library club.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Prince Edward County Pamphlet Box # 108 Pamphlet printed by the Washington Post No Date\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series F. News clippings Box # 108 Clippings from various newspapers and magazines concerning Prince Edward County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series G. Office Supplies Box # 109 Envelopes, Stationary used by the Prince Edward County Free School\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Board of Trustees Minutes, Correspondence and Governance 1963-1967 Boxes # 1-3\n","Sub-Series A. Minutes Box # 1 The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts\nto acquire funds, equipment, and the approval of a curriculum.\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 1-3 Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School\nAssociation.\n","Series II. The Office of the Treasurer/Secretary Boxes # 4-7 The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all\ndonated and loaned equipment.\n","Series III. Office of the Business Manager Boxes # 8-17B The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n","Series IV. Office of the Superintendent Boxes # 18-29 Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Sub-Series A. Memo's and Correspondence Boxes# 18-19 -Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n","Sub-Series B. Correspondence Boxes # 20-22 General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n","Sub-Series C. Correspondence by folder heading Boxes # 23-24 Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n","Sub-Series D. Personal Files Boxes # 25-27 Correspondence, Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n","Sub-Series E. Exit Interviews Box # 28 Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n","Sub-Series F. Student Evaluation Box # 29 Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n","Series V. Administrative Offices of the Free School system Boxes # 30-33\n","Sub-Series A. The Principals Office Boxes # 30-31 The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office\nCorrespondence maintained by the Principal, is arranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the\nproblems of running a high school on a day-to-day basis.\n","Sub-Series B. Department Correspondence Box # 32 Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n","Sub-Series C. Department Reports Box # 33 Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for\nthe school year 1965 to 1965.\n","Series VI. Literary Box # 33A\n","Sub-Series A. Reports Box # 33A These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there\nare also a number of progress reports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n","Sub-Series B. Speeches Box # 33A Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n","Sub-Series C. Writings Box # 33A Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n","Series VII. Office of Pupil Personnel Boxes # 34-48 Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the\noffice of Pupil Personnel Services was established. The director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n","Sub-Series A. Correspondence Boxes # 34-35 Correspondence with heads of the units reporting to the director of student personnel.\n","Sub-Series B. Lunch, Daily Reports Boxes # 36-41A Applications for free lunch, menu's for each day\n","Sub-Series C. Absentees Box # 42 These were required statistics maintained for the state. list of each student's attendance.\n","Sub-Series D. Attendance Boxes # 43-45 list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n","Sub-Series E. School Monthly Reports Box # 46 Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n","Sub-Series F. Transportation, Students Box # 47 It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance\nrecords.\n","Sub-Series G. Special Education Box # 47 Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n","Sub-Series H. Clothing Box # 48 Applicants from families for clothing assistance, arranged in alphabetical order.Restricted.\n","Series VIII. Teachers Records Boxes # 49-53\n","Sub-Series A. Grade Sheets Box # 49\n","Sub-Series B. Grade Books Boxes # 50-52\n","Sub-Series C. Text Books Box # 53\n","Sub-Series D. Summer Recreational Schedules Box # 53\n","Series VIV. Student Records Boxes # 54-63 Restricted\n","Sub-Series A. Pupil Registration Cards Boxes # 54-59\n","Sub-series B. Standardized test Boxes # 60-62\n","Sub-Series C. Transcripts Boxes 63-106\n","Series X. Photographs Box # 107\n","Sub-Series A. Admin Photographs of instructors and administratorsistrative Staff Box # 107\n","Sub-Series B. Robert Kennedy's visit to Prince Edward County Box # 107 Photographs of the program held in Prince Edward County attended by the Attorney General.\n","Series XI. Printed Boxes # 107-109\n","Sub-Series A. Yearbooks Box # 107 The Eagle\n","Sub-Series B. Newsletters Box # 107 The Moton Eagle The Branch # 2 Informer vol 1-4\n","Sub-Series C. The Story of Prince Edward Free School Box # 107 A publication commissioned by the Free School in 1964\n","Sub-Series D. Programs Box # 108 Plays, programs, and other events sponsored by the Free School Association, local P.T.A and The library club.\n","Sub-Series E. Prince Edward County Pamphlet Box # 108 Pamphlet printed by the Washington Post No Date\n","Sub-Series F. News clippings Box # 108 Clippings from various newspapers and magazines concerning Prince Edward County.\n","Sub-Series G. Office Supplies Box # 109 Envelopes, Stationary used by the Prince Edward County Free School\n","Alphabetically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe small south side county of Prince Edward had by 1963 become both a natural and international embarrassment. The county was one of five locales, which came to be called Brown v. The Board of Education\nTopeca, Kansas.The State of Virginia responded to the Supreme Court decision with what came to be called massive resistance.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959 the Supreme Court of Virginia struck down Virginia's massive resistance laws. Public school systems throughout Virginia began to implement various programs to comply with the 1954 decision, the county\nof Prince Edward opted to close all public schools to prevent integration.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1959 until 1964, there were no public schools operating in Prince Edward County. In 1963 the Kennedy administration (mainly Robert Kennedy) brought the power of the Federal Government into the debacle in\nPrince Edward County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Government and the United States Justice Department came to an agreement with the State of Virginia to reopen the Prince Edward County Public Schools as soon as possible. It became apparent very\nquickly that the previous four years had taken a heavy toll on both school facilities and students.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause of the absence of public education, it was thought that a transitional school was neccessary until the public schools would reopen. The Free School was a result of cooperation between the Prince Edward\nCounty Public School and the Free School Association, which was formed in the summer of 1963. For a period of one year, the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees took the place of the Prince Edward\nCounty School Board.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to \"The Story of the Prince Edward County Free School\" \"A former Governor of Virginia, Colgate W. Darden, Jr., served as chairman of a six-man, biracial board of trustees composed of leading educators\nof the state who were to govern the new system's program. The other trustees who agreed to serve at the request of Governeor Harrison were Dr. Fred C. Cole, President of Washington and Lee University; Dr. Robert\nP. Daniel, President of Virginia State College; Dr. Thomas H. Henderson, President of Virginia Union University; Dr. Earl H, McClenney, President of St. Pauls College, and Dr. F.D.G. Ribble, retired dean of the\nUniversity of Virginia Law School. A New York Educator, Dr. Neil V. Sullivan, who had attained success with the most modern educational methods including non-graded instruction, was employed as school\nsuperintendent.\" The Board of Trustees were able to raise more than one million dollars to support the Free School Association during it's existance. The Free School was in existance for only one year 1964-1965.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The small south side county of Prince Edward had by 1963 become both a natural and international embarrassment. The county was one of five locales, which came to be called Brown v. The Board of Education\nTopeca, Kansas.The State of Virginia responded to the Supreme Court decision with what came to be called massive resistance.\n","In 1959 the Supreme Court of Virginia struck down Virginia's massive resistance laws. Public school systems throughout Virginia began to implement various programs to comply with the 1954 decision, the county\nof Prince Edward opted to close all public schools to prevent integration.\n","From 1959 until 1964, there were no public schools operating in Prince Edward County. In 1963 the Kennedy administration (mainly Robert Kennedy) brought the power of the Federal Government into the debacle in\nPrince Edward County.\n","The Federal Government and the United States Justice Department came to an agreement with the State of Virginia to reopen the Prince Edward County Public Schools as soon as possible. It became apparent very\nquickly that the previous four years had taken a heavy toll on both school facilities and students.\n","Because of the absence of public education, it was thought that a transitional school was neccessary until the public schools would reopen. The Free School was a result of cooperation between the Prince Edward\nCounty Public School and the Free School Association, which was formed in the summer of 1963. For a period of one year, the Prince Edward County Free School Board of Trustees took the place of the Prince Edward\nCounty School Board.\n","According to \"The Story of the Prince Edward County Free School\" \"A former Governor of Virginia, Colgate W. Darden, Jr., served as chairman of a six-man, biracial board of trustees composed of leading educators\nof the state who were to govern the new system's program. The other trustees who agreed to serve at the request of Governeor Harrison were Dr. Fred C. Cole, President of Washington and Lee University; Dr. Robert\nP. Daniel, President of Virginia State College; Dr. Thomas H. Henderson, President of Virginia Union University; Dr. Earl H, McClenney, President of St. Pauls College, and Dr. F.D.G. Ribble, retired dean of the\nUniversity of Virginia Law School. A New York Educator, Dr. Neil V. Sullivan, who had attained success with the most modern educational methods including non-graded instruction, was employed as school\nsuperintendent.\" The Board of Trustees were able to raise more than one million dollars to support the Free School Association during it's existance. The Free School was in existance for only one year 1964-1965.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[A Guide To The Papers of The Prince Edward County Free School], Accession #[1969-38 ], Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[A Guide To The Papers of The Prince Edward County Free School], Accession #[1969-38 ], Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Prince Edward County (VA) Free School Association Papers document one aspect of Virginia's Massive Resistance to public school integration. Minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, teachers and\nstudent records, vividly show the damage done to the African American Community during the time frame 1959-1963.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts to acquire funds, equipment,\nand the approval of a curriculum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School Association.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all donated and loaned equipment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office Correspondence maintained by the Principal, is\narranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the problems of running a high school on a day-to-day\nbasis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for the school year 1965 to 1965.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there are also a number of progress\nreports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the office of Pupil Personnel Services was established.\nThe director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Final grade sheets from the Prince Edward County Free School teaching faculty. Restricted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Grade books maintained by the teaching faculty of the Prince Edward Free School Association. Restricted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Book files used by the teachers in the Free School. There are also included list of recommended books for certain subjects. Arranged by grade level.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The schools and grounds were made available for students to use during the summer months when they were not in school. This sub-series documents those people who were assigned or agreed to work as supervisors\nfor this program.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Gates reading survey, the Stanford Achievement, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, The Chuazz nonverbal standardized (Student from Michigan State) Administrated Stanford and Metropolitan Test).Restrictions apply\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Student enrolled in the Prince Edward County Free School from 1963-1964. Restrictions Apply\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Documents printed by the Prince Edward County Free School Association. There are also a number of other items which were collected by the Free School Administrators.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Prince Edward County (VA) Free School Association Papers document one aspect of Virginia's Massive Resistance to public school integration. Minutes, correspondence, reports, financial records, teachers and\nstudent records, vividly show the damage done to the African American Community during the time frame 1959-1963.\n"," The mission of the Free School Association was to begin the restoration of a public school educational system in Prince Edward County Virginia. The Minutes document their efforts to acquire funds, equipment,\nand the approval of a curriculum.\n"," Correspondence of the Board of Trustees with State, Federal Officials, members of the board, and various individuals not directly connected to the Free School Association.\n"," The Treasurer was a member of the board of trustees. And in that position was responsible for: The Budget, Expenditures, Payroll Development, and all donated and loaned equipment.\n"," The Business Manager was responsible for the day-to-day operation of the free school. Included in this series are several boxes of cancelled checks.\n"," Dr. Neil Sullivan was selected as the superintendent of the Free School Association because of his experience with a non-graded school system.\n","Administrative memos and correspondence. Arranged Chronologically\n"," General Correspondence, Arranged Chronologically.\n"," Correspondence maintained by folder heading, arranged alphabetically and then chronologically within the folder.\n"," Resumes of prospective employees of the Free School Association\n"," Views of personnel regarding their experience working in the free school, included are some of their recommendations for improvement as observed by them.\n"," Student views of their experience in the Free School. Comments concern instruction, facilities, and their thoughts on the future.\n"," The organization of the Free School System was divided into four administrative groups. The largest numbers of students were assigned to the high school. Office Correspondence maintained by the Principal, is\narranged by alphabet and then chronologically within the folder. Correspondence addresses a wide range of topics, employment, administrative problems, and the problems of running a high school on a day-to-day\nbasis.\n"," Correspondence and reports from the other administrative units in the Prince Edward County Free School System.\n"," Most of the units were required to submit a final report for thier units at the end of the school year. This subseries documents the activities of those departments for the school year 1965 to 1965.\n"," These reports were generated to inform those involved with the status of the free school. Amongst the reports is a final report issued by the superintendent. In addition there are also a number of progress\nreports from both the office of the superintendent and some of the other programs being provided at The Prince Edward County Free School.\n"," Neil Sullivan and others were called upon to speak before a number of associations and groups concerning the progress of the free school.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," Policy Manuals for the Prince Edward County Free School, and several school divisions outside of Virginia.\n"," list of each student's attendance. These were required statistics maintained for the state.\n"," Required by the state of Virginia. Average daily attendance and absentees.\n"," It was estimated that over 1,000 students would need transportation to and from school each day. Included in this sub-series are: bus drivers reports, maintenance records.\n"," Primarily test scores used to place students in Special Education Courses. Arranged by grade and alphabetically.\n"," Four years without a public education system devastated the African American school aged population. In order to asset the damage and effect some change the office of Pupil Personnel Services was established.\nThe director of Pupil Personnel Services coordinated the following departments: Guidance, Health, Psychological and social work services.\n"," Final grade sheets from the Prince Edward County Free School teaching faculty. Restricted\n"," Grade books maintained by the teaching faculty of the Prince Edward Free School Association. Restricted\n"," Book files used by the teachers in the Free School. There are also included list of recommended books for certain subjects. Arranged by grade level.\n"," The schools and grounds were made available for students to use during the summer months when they were not in school. This sub-series documents those people who were assigned or agreed to work as supervisors\nfor this program.\n"," Gates reading survey, the Stanford Achievement, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale, The Chuazz nonverbal standardized (Student from Michigan State) Administrated Stanford and Metropolitan Test).Restrictions apply\n"," Student enrolled in the Prince Edward County Free School from 1963-1964. Restrictions Apply\n"," Documents printed by the Prince Edward County Free School Association. There are also a number of other items which were collected by the Free School Administrators.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBetween the years 1959 and 1963, there were no public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia. After five long years the County and State allowed Prince Edwards schools to reopen.\nBecause the black children of the county had no school during this period of time (the white students attended an all white academy) it was thought best to organize a free school which would pave the way for\nhundreds of young children to return to school after a five year absence. The Prince Edward County, Virginia (free school) papers are the records of that effort. The papers contain correspondence, reports,\nphotographs and other items, which document this sad period in Virginia History.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Between the years 1959 and 1963, there were no public schools in Prince Edward County, Virginia. After five long years the County and State allowed Prince Edwards schools to reopen.\nBecause the black children of the county had no school during this period of time (the white students attended an all white academy) it was thought best to organize a free school which would pave the way for\nhundreds of young children to return to school after a five year absence. The Prince Edward County, Virginia (free school) papers are the records of that effort. The papers contain correspondence, reports,\nphotographs and other items, which document this sad period in Virginia History.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00060_c02_c60"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c232","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Working Together for Self\n                     Improvement","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c232#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c232","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c232"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c232","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)","Working Together for Self\n                     Improvement","Box-folder \n                     11:4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Together for Self\n                     Improvement","title_ssm":["Working Together for Self\n                     Improvement"],"title_tesim":["Working Together for Self\n                     Improvement"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Together for Self\n                     Improvement"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":333,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     11:4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#231","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"text":["1997-77","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c232"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c197","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c197#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c197","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c197"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c197","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)","Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools","Box-folder \n                     10:5"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools","title_ssm":["Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools"],"title_tesim":["Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":298,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     10:5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#196","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"text":["1997-77","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c197"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c316","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c316#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c316","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c316"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c316","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c02","vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series II: Literary","Sub-Series B: Speeches (title and\n                  no date)","Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools","Box-folder \n                     12:37"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools","title_ssm":["Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools"],"title_tesim":["Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Together to Improve Our\n                     Schools"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":417,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     12:37"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#315","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"text":["1997-77","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c02_c02_c316"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Work Scene","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106_c07","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106_c07"],"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106_c07","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c05","vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c05","vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Photographs \n               n.d.","Johnson at work, home, school, and the\n                  farm"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Photographs \n               n.d.","Johnson at work, home, school, and the\n                  farm"],"text":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","Photographs \n               n.d.","Johnson at work, home, school, and the\n                  farm","Work Scene","Box-folder \n                     12:444"],"title_filing_ssi":"Work Scene","title_ssm":["Work Scene"],"title_tesim":["Work Scene"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Work Scene"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":320,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     12:444"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#105/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00001.xml","title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1957-3"],"text":["1957-3","Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935","There are no restrictions.","Series I: Correspondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n          Container: 1 \n          Container: 2 \n          Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II: Financial and legal \n          Container: 3 \n          Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III: Speeches and Writings \n          Containers: 4-7 \n          Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.","Series IV: Photographs \n          Containers: 8-14 \n          Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.","Series V: Printed (Memorabilia) \n          Container: 15 \n          Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI: Scrapbooks \n          Containers: 16-19 \n          Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.","Series VII: Artifacts \n          Containers: 20-25 \n          Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII: Oversize \n          Container: \n          Maps and Photos","In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.","The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.","There are no restrictions.","The William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1957-3"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n         \n         1884-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n            Virginia State University around 1957."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I:\u003c/emph\u003eCorrespondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 1 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 2 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II:\u003c/emph\u003eFinancial and legal \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 3 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTeaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III:\u003c/emph\u003eSpeeches and Writings \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 4-7 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFour boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV:\u003c/emph\u003ePhotographs \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 8-14 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V:\u003c/emph\u003ePrinted (Memorabilia) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 15 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAnnouncements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI:\u003c/emph\u003eScrapbooks \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 16-19 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSome of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII:\u003c/emph\u003eArtifacts \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 20-25 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHousehold articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII:\u003c/emph\u003eOversize \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMaps and Photos\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence: Family,\n         Personal, Business, and Military \n          Container: 1 \n          Container: 2 \n          Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n         chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II: Financial and legal \n          Container: 3 \n          Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n         and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III: Speeches and Writings \n          Containers: 4-7 \n          Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n         and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n         Publications.","Series IV: Photographs \n          Containers: 8-14 \n          Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n         box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n         Colored Volunteers.","Series V: Printed (Memorabilia) \n          Container: 15 \n          Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n         Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n         A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n         Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI: Scrapbooks \n          Containers: 16-19 \n          Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n         some correspondence.","Series VII: Artifacts \n          Containers: 20-25 \n          Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n         military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n         the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII: Oversize \n          Container: \n          Maps and Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThen, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n         6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n         Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n         their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n         successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n         descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n         were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n         the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n         Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n         population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n         did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n         brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n         be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n         property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n         penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n         around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n         State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n         He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n         following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n         she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n         born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n         1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n         Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n         six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n         spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n         Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n         Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n         lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n         Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n         reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n         property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n         Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n         still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n         moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n         horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n         oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n         one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n         of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n         teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n         taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n         Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n         Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n         Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n         there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n         Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n         one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n         First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n         graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n         in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n         become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n         employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n         for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n         construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n         he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n         on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n         years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n         for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n         and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n         father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n         met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n         agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n         the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n         he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n         addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n         teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n         University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n         Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n         That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n         three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n         night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n         lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n         and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n         fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n         County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n         School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n         superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n         was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n         University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n         school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n         Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n         months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n         principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n         nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n         month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n         $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n         making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n         job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n         supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n         School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n         School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n         for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n         Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n         elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n         school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n         buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n         division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n         in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n         of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n         The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n         Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n         Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n         James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n         out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n         work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n         was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n         pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n         his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n         of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n         the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n         on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n         was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n         attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n         what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n         in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n         Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n         for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n         of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n         blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n         south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n         was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n         was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n         This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n         state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n         black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n         existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n         organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n         Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n         1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n         resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n         captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n         private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n         competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n         they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n         President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n         led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n         Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n         1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n         command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n         1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n         City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n         showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n         battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n         Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n         voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n         under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n         uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n         the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n         training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n         a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n         proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n         determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n         The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n         before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n         enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n         order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n         were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n         the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n         asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n         quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n         or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n         1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n         would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n         many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n         governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n         militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n         also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n         and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n         sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n         upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n         as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n         Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n         since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n         Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n         the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n         church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n         the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n         Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n         School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n         recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n         in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n         with different groups around the city and state. He was\n         vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n         founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n         organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n         and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n         founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n         served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n         vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n         local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n         Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n         banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n         writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n         Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n         black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n         Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n         Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n            Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n            Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n         Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n         accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n         an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n         correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n         the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n         leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n         in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n         is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n         cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n         black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n         the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n         of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n         They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n         other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n         about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The William Henry Johnson papers\n         include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n         documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n         educator, soldier and community leader."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":381,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c05_c106_c07"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00046_c03_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Workshop \n                  \n                  1940","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00046_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00046_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00046_c03_c01"],"id":"vipets_vipets00046_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00046","_root_":"vipets_vipets00046","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00046_c03","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00046_c03","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00046","vipets_vipets00046_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00046","vipets_vipets00046_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995","Series III: Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995","Series III: Photographs"],"text":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995","Series III: Photographs","Workshop \n                  \n                  1940","Box-folder \n                  1:6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Workshop \n                   \n                  1940","title_ssm":["Workshop \n                  \n                  1940"],"title_tesim":["Workshop \n                  \n                  1940"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Workshop \n                  \n                  1940"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":11,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                  1:6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00046","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00046","_root_":"vipets_vipets00046","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00046","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00046.xml","title_ssm":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995"],"title_tesim":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1995"],"text":["1995","James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995","23\n         items.","There are no restrictions.","Series I: Correspondence Correspondence Personal and\n         business. The establishment of the Nicholas endowment is\n         documented.","Series II: The Francis-Nicholas Memorial Scholarship Fund\n         Records documenting this Memorial Scholarship Fund, Includes\n         biologs, rules, etc.","Series III: Photographs Images mainly centered around the\n         Nicholas careers in education. Most of the photographs were\n         taken at Virginia State.","Series IV: Printed Certificates, programs, commision, and\n         awards presented to or earned by James and Goldie\n         Nicholas.","James Nicholas, one of five children born to Arville and\n         Barlett Nicholas in Augusta Coounty, Virginia in 1900.\n         Education for African American was almost non existant and\n         James completed all seven grades in record time.","In 1914 James Nicholas left for Ohio where he was to live\n         with his brother in Cleveland and work in the steel mill until\n         he could raise the $82 a year it cost to go to the Virginia\n         Normal and Industrial Institute in Ettrick, Virginia (this\n         included room and board). By 1916 he had saved enough money to\n         start school and in 1921 James Nicholas had completed the\n         requirements for the Normal teaching degree.","Upon graduation he decided to return home to teach the\n         first grade. Because of the low pay and short school year he\n         alternated his teaching skills between home and working in a\n         hotel in Winterhaven, Florida. Here he would meet his future\n         wife Goldie Augustine Francis.","In 1921 he began to take classes at West Virginia State and\n         in 1930, completed the requirements for the Bachelors Degree.\n         There were few paying teaching jobs available, therefore, in\n         1931 he began work at the Patrick Henry Hotel in Roanoke,\n         Virginia and he would marry Goldie.","In 1932 he and his wife and others were able to secure a\n         Rosenwald School for the town of Waynesboro and he and his\n         wife taught several grades there. In 1933 he became principal\n         of the Rosenwald School. As principal he set a goal to add a\n         grade each year since there were only seven upon his arrival.\n         By 1937 there were eleven grades and the school was one of the\n         few accredited training schools for African Americans in the\n         state.","Goldie Augustine Francis was born in Harrisonburg,\n         Virginia, to John and Arlena Francis. Goldie completed the\n         Hawthorne Women's Program at Virginia Union University in\n         1923. She went on to earn the undergraduate degree in\n         education at Virginia State.","In 1944 James Nicholas was invited to join the faculty of\n         Virginia State College where he would be an instructor in\n         education and principal of the high school. Mrs. Nicholas was\n         also hired to begin her long career teaching reading.","Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas both continued their formal\n         education. Mr. Nicholas received a master's from the\n         University of Michigan, and also recieved his Doctorate from\n         Penn State University. Ms Nicholas recieved an EdD Degree from\n         the University of Virginia in 1957.","James and Goldie Nicholas's career is documented, which\n         includes Photographs, awards, and several books of interest\n         that constitute the major items.","There are no restrictions.","The Nicholas papers consists of\n         some photographs, several books, and awards. Dr. James\n         Nicholas was former rector of the Board of Visitors at\n         Virginia State University. Acc# 1995-73","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995"],"collection_ssim":["James and Goldie Nicholas Papers \n         \n         1995"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["James and Goldie\n         Nicholas."],"creator_ssim":["James and Goldie\n         Nicholas."],"acqinfo_ssim":["A gift from the estate."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["23\n         items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence Correspondence Personal and\n         business. The establishment of the Nicholas endowment is\n         documented.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: The Francis-Nicholas Memorial Scholarship Fund\n         Records documenting this Memorial Scholarship Fund, Includes\n         biologs, rules, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Photographs Images mainly centered around the\n         Nicholas careers in education. Most of the photographs were\n         taken at Virginia State.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Printed Certificates, programs, commision, and\n         awards presented to or earned by James and Goldie\n         Nicholas.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence Correspondence Personal and\n         business. The establishment of the Nicholas endowment is\n         documented.","Series II: The Francis-Nicholas Memorial Scholarship Fund\n         Records documenting this Memorial Scholarship Fund, Includes\n         biologs, rules, etc.","Series III: Photographs Images mainly centered around the\n         Nicholas careers in education. Most of the photographs were\n         taken at Virginia State.","Series IV: Printed Certificates, programs, commision, and\n         awards presented to or earned by James and Goldie\n         Nicholas."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Nicholas, one of five children born to Arville and\n         Barlett Nicholas in Augusta Coounty, Virginia in 1900.\n         Education for African American was almost non existant and\n         James completed all seven grades in record time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1914 James Nicholas left for Ohio where he was to live\n         with his brother in Cleveland and work in the steel mill until\n         he could raise the $82 a year it cost to go to the Virginia\n         Normal and Industrial Institute in Ettrick, Virginia (this\n         included room and board). By 1916 he had saved enough money to\n         start school and in 1921 James Nicholas had completed the\n         requirements for the Normal teaching degree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon graduation he decided to return home to teach the\n         first grade. Because of the low pay and short school year he\n         alternated his teaching skills between home and working in a\n         hotel in Winterhaven, Florida. Here he would meet his future\n         wife Goldie Augustine Francis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1921 he began to take classes at West Virginia State and\n         in 1930, completed the requirements for the Bachelors Degree.\n         There were few paying teaching jobs available, therefore, in\n         1931 he began work at the Patrick Henry Hotel in Roanoke,\n         Virginia and he would marry Goldie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1932 he and his wife and others were able to secure a\n         Rosenwald School for the town of Waynesboro and he and his\n         wife taught several grades there. In 1933 he became principal\n         of the Rosenwald School. As principal he set a goal to add a\n         grade each year since there were only seven upon his arrival.\n         By 1937 there were eleven grades and the school was one of the\n         few accredited training schools for African Americans in the\n         state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGoldie Augustine Francis was born in Harrisonburg,\n         Virginia, to John and Arlena Francis. Goldie completed the\n         Hawthorne Women's Program at Virginia Union University in\n         1923. She went on to earn the undergraduate degree in\n         education at Virginia State.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 James Nicholas was invited to join the faculty of\n         Virginia State College where he would be an instructor in\n         education and principal of the high school. Mrs. Nicholas was\n         also hired to begin her long career teaching reading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. and Mrs. Nicholas both continued their formal\n         education. Mr. Nicholas received a master's from the\n         University of Michigan, and also recieved his Doctorate from\n         Penn State University. Ms Nicholas recieved an EdD Degree from\n         the University of Virginia in 1957.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Nicholas, one of five children born to Arville and\n         Barlett Nicholas in Augusta Coounty, Virginia in 1900.\n         Education for African American was almost non existant and\n         James completed all seven grades in record time.","In 1914 James Nicholas left for Ohio where he was to live\n         with his brother in Cleveland and work in the steel mill until\n         he could raise the $82 a year it cost to go to the Virginia\n         Normal and Industrial Institute in Ettrick, Virginia (this\n         included room and board). By 1916 he had saved enough money to\n         start school and in 1921 James Nicholas had completed the\n         requirements for the Normal teaching degree.","Upon graduation he decided to return home to teach the\n         first grade. Because of the low pay and short school year he\n         alternated his teaching skills between home and working in a\n         hotel in Winterhaven, Florida. Here he would meet his future\n         wife Goldie Augustine Francis.","In 1921 he began to take classes at West Virginia State and\n         in 1930, completed the requirements for the Bachelors Degree.\n         There were few paying teaching jobs available, therefore, in\n         1931 he began work at the Patrick Henry Hotel in Roanoke,\n         Virginia and he would marry Goldie.","In 1932 he and his wife and others were able to secure a\n         Rosenwald School for the town of Waynesboro and he and his\n         wife taught several grades there. In 1933 he became principal\n         of the Rosenwald School. As principal he set a goal to add a\n         grade each year since there were only seven upon his arrival.\n         By 1937 there were eleven grades and the school was one of the\n         few accredited training schools for African Americans in the\n         state.","Goldie Augustine Francis was born in Harrisonburg,\n         Virginia, to John and Arlena Francis. Goldie completed the\n         Hawthorne Women's Program at Virginia Union University in\n         1923. She went on to earn the undergraduate degree in\n         education at Virginia State.","In 1944 James Nicholas was invited to join the faculty of\n         Virginia State College where he would be an instructor in\n         education and principal of the high school. Mrs. Nicholas was\n         also hired to begin her long career teaching reading.","Mr. and Mrs. Nicholas both continued their formal\n         education. Mr. Nicholas received a master's from the\n         University of Michigan, and also recieved his Doctorate from\n         Penn State University. Ms Nicholas recieved an EdD Degree from\n         the University of Virginia in 1957."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James and Goldie Nicholas Papers, 1995-73, Special\n            Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial Library,\n            Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The James and Goldie Nicholas Papers, 1995-73, Special\n            Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial Library,\n            Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames and Goldie Nicholas's career is documented, which\n         includes Photographs, awards, and several books of interest\n         that constitute the major items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["James and Goldie Nicholas's career is documented, which\n         includes Photographs, awards, and several books of interest\n         that constitute the major items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Nicholas papers consists of\n         some photographs, several books, and awards. Dr. James\n         Nicholas was former rector of the Board of Visitors at\n         Virginia State University. Acc# 1995-73\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Nicholas papers consists of\n         some photographs, several books, and awards. Dr. James\n         Nicholas was former rector of the Board of Visitors at\n         Virginia State University. Acc# 1995-73"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00046_c03_c01"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01_c329","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Workshop(Charlotte County) \n                     \n                     1943","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01_c329#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01_c329","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01_c329"],"id":"vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01_c329","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00055","_root_":"vipets_vipets00055","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00055","vipets_vipets00055_c02","vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00055","vipets_vipets00055_c02","vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961","Series II.: Correspondence","subseries A: By subject\n                  heading"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961","Series II.: Correspondence","subseries A: By subject\n                  heading"],"text":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961","Series II.: Correspondence","subseries A: By subject\n                  heading","Workshop(Charlotte County) \n                     \n                     1943","Box-folder \n                     25:22"],"title_filing_ssi":"Workshop(Charlotte County) \n                      \n                     1943","title_ssm":["Workshop(Charlotte County) \n                     \n                     1943"],"title_tesim":["Workshop(Charlotte County) \n                     \n                     1943"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Workshop(Charlotte County) \n                     \n                     1943"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":385,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     25:22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#328","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00055","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00055","_root_":"vipets_vipets00055","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00055.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1927-1961"],"text":["1927-1961","A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961","There are no restrictions.","Its a Record Group","The Virginia Normal and Collegiate was charted on march 6,\n         1882. With the following mandate to provide equality for the\n         higher education of the colored youth and to furnish competent\n         teachers for the colored schools of the state. with this\n         charter the first state supported school in Virginia for\n         teachers was established.","During the first twenty-three years, 1883-1906, the Normal\n         Department offered a single three-year curriculum consisting\n         partly of elementary and high school subjects including music,\n         drawing, sloyd, sewing, cooking, physical \"culture\" and\n         partlyof education courses: the science and art of teaching,\n         moral philosophy, psychology and \"general reviews\".","The movement toward specialization began in 1909, when\n         students were permitted to select teaching, domestic science\n         or art, agriculture, mechanical drawing, or buisness.\n         Graduation from high school was first required for entrance to\n         teacher-training courses in 1915.","When the four-year college curriculum was reinstated by the\n         state in 1923, The bachelor of science degree in education was\n         the first to be accredited as a \"Class a teachers college. In\n         1925, the college was offered its first differentiated\n         curricula for the seperate training of high school and\n         supervisors, and teachers of public school music.","A major in physical education followed in 1926; the\n         department of secondary education emerged in 1930 offering a\n         curriculum for secondary school principals and teachers; and\n         the department of art was offered in 1933.","With the introduction of liberal arts in 1930, the\n         department of education became the Division of Education, a\n         separate administrative unit of the College offering the four\n         curricula organized by the departments of elementary\n         education, secondary education,","music and physical education. With the introduction of\n         liberal arts in 1930, the department of education became the\n         Division of Education, a separate administrative unit of the\n         College.","The division of education became The School of Education in\n         the 1960's. In 1995 The School of Education was emerged with\n         The School of Humanities and Social Science therefore becoming\n         the School of Liberal Arts and Education.","These records reflect the administration of Edna Meade\n         Colson Phd. Of the school of education during her tenure.\n         During this time the school of education was involved in\n         almost every aspect of the University and the community.","Contained in this record group are routine administrative\n         manners common in all schools within a university setting. the\n         materials reflect the philosophy and the role that education\n         can take in solving societies problems. The records reflect\n         the difficulties faced by an HBCU during the time of \"Jim\n         Crowism.\"","There are no restrictions.","Records of the oldest school for\n         teachers education in the state of virginia. Correspondence,\n         minutes all documenting all of the early years in the school\n         of education.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1927-1961"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the School of\n         Education/Record Group \n         \n         1927-1961"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["This archival document was\n         transfered to archives."],"creator_ssim":["This archival document was\n         transfered to archives."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIts a Record Group\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Its a Record Group"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Normal and Collegiate was charted on march 6,\n         1882. 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In\n         1925, the college was offered its first differentiated\n         curricula for the seperate training of high school and\n         supervisors, and teachers of public school music.","A major in physical education followed in 1926; the\n         department of secondary education emerged in 1930 offering a\n         curriculum for secondary school principals and teachers; and\n         the department of art was offered in 1933.","With the introduction of liberal arts in 1930, the\n         department of education became the Division of Education, a\n         separate administrative unit of the College offering the four\n         curricula organized by the departments of elementary\n         education, secondary education,","music and physical education. 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Of the school of education during her tenure.\n         During this time the school of education was involved in\n         almost every aspect of the University and the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContained in this record group are routine administrative\n         manners common in all schools within a university setting. the\n         materials reflect the philosophy and the role that education\n         can take in solving societies problems. The records reflect\n         the difficulties faced by an HBCU during the time of \"Jim\n         Crowism.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These records reflect the administration of Edna Meade\n         Colson Phd. Of the school of education during her tenure.\n         During this time the school of education was involved in\n         almost every aspect of the University and the community.","Contained in this record group are routine administrative\n         manners common in all schools within a university setting. the\n         materials reflect the philosophy and the role that education\n         can take in solving societies problems. The records reflect\n         the difficulties faced by an HBCU during the time of \"Jim\n         Crowism.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRecords of the oldest school for\n         teachers education in the state of virginia. Correspondence,\n         minutes all documenting all of the early years in the school\n         of education.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records of the oldest school for\n         teachers education in the state of virginia. Correspondence,\n         minutes all documenting all of the early years in the school\n         of education."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":421,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:07.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00055_c02_c01_c329"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c13","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Workshop Conference","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c13","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c13"],"id":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c13","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00038","vipets_vipets00038_c04","vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series A: Personal"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series A: Personal"],"text":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","Series IV: Photographs and\n               Negatives","Sub-Series A: Personal","Workshop Conference","Box-folder \n                     21:13"],"title_filing_ssi":"Workshop Conference","title_ssm":["Workshop Conference"],"title_tesim":["Workshop Conference"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Workshop Conference"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":542,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n                     21:13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#12","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00038","_root_":"vipets_vipets00038","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00038","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00038.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1997-77"],"text":["1997-77","A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976","20,000\n         Pieces","There are no restrictions.","Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.","Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.","How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.","There are no restrictions.","In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1997-77"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Papers of Archie G.\n         Richardson \n         \n         1918-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"creator_ssm":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"creator_ssim":["The Richardson Papers were\n         given as a gift of the Richardson Family."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["20,000\n         Pieces"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Literary Boxes 4-19\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Correspondence 1932-1979 Personal and Business\n         Boxes 1-3","Sub-series A: Correspondence by subject Correspondence,\n         most generated by Richardson during his tenure with the\n         department of Education. Arranged Alphabetically and then\n         chronologically within the folders.","Sub-series B: Correspondence by date Arranged\n         Chronologically.","Series II. Literary Boxes 4-19","Sub-Series A: Speeches Arranged by title and date, followed\n         by speeches with dates and materials missing both a date and a\n         clearly defined title.","Sub-Series B: Writings and Reports Some of the writings\n         were used later in Richardson's history of Negro education in\n         Virginia. Many of the reports appear to have been used by\n         Richardson to carry out his job with the State Department of\n         Education. The reports consist of conference and workshop\n         results organized by Richardson.","Sub-Series C: Research Notes During Richardson's career,\n         part of his responsibility was to develop procedures and\n         manuals used by African-American Schools in Virginia. This\n         sub-series also contains an interesting log concerning the\n         Whitcomb court school in Richmond, VA.","Series III. Video Recordings Taped speeches at different\n         functions attended by Richardson. Most of the speeches were\n         not delivered by Richardson.","Series IV: Photographs Boxes 21-27","Sub-series A: Family and Personal Photo's of activities at\n         Virginia State when Richardson was a student and later as a\n         teacher at the Mecklenburg County Training School, conferences\n         at Virginia State and other areas.","Sub-series B: Education in Virginia (African American\n         Schools) Several thousand 3x5 black and white photographs and\n         negatives of schools scenes in Virginia. The Photographs were\n         taken between the years 1926 and 1938. The Photographs and\n         negatives are of European, Native, and African American school\n         buildings, some classes, and other activities. Most of the\n         developed photographs are of African American schools and\n         include Rosenwald, Slater, and other buildings used by African\n         Americans in Virginia. *The origin of the photographs and\n         negatives is not known. The folders are arranged\n         alphabetically by county and city.","Sub-series C. Negatives of the schools and scenes located\n         in some of Virginia's counties and cities. These do not have\n         an inventory, but are arranged by county and city. In addition\n         there are negatives of activities relating to education\n         outside of the state of Virginia.","Box #28 Series V: Scrapbooks and Yearbooks Correspondence\n         most of which covers Richardson's retirement, two yearbooks\n         from Louisa, Virginia.","Series VI: Printed Printed items including certificates,\n         pamphlets, and degrees","Box #29 Sub-series A: Awards and Certificates Awards and\n         certificates presented to Richardson over the years.","Sub-series B: Pamphlets Two items: one the By-Laws of the\n         Southside Interscholastic Athletic Association, documenting an\n         early effort to organize African American sports played in the\n         high schools.","Sub-series C: Book The Development of Negro Education in\n         Virginia, 1831-1970, published by Phi Delta Kappa.","Sub-series D: Degrees Earned Degrees of Archie and Linnie\n         Richardson","Box #30 Series-series E: News clippings News clippings from\n         a number of newspapers primary from the state of Virginia."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archie Gibbs Richardson, was the Associate Director of the\n         Division of Secondary Education, State Department of\n         Education, Richmond, Virginia. He was born in Lexington,\n         Virginia, April 4, 1904. Because there were few high schools\n         for African American in Virginia, Richardson's parents sent\n         him to the high school at the Virginia Normal and Industrial\n         Institute at Petersburg where he completed the program in\n         1923. He received the B.A. Degree from Virginia Normal and\n         Industrial Institute, Petersburg, in June 1927; the M.S.\n         Degree in education from Butler University, Indianapolis,\n         Indiana, in June 1939; and was granted the degree of Doctor of\n         Education at Columbia University, New York, in1946. In June\n         1957, Virginia State College conferred upon him the honorary\n         degree of Doctor of Laws.","Richardson served as principal of the Mecklenburg County\n         Training School, in South Hill, Virginia, 1927-1935; and as\n         Director of academics at Saint Paul Normal School,\n         Lawrenceville, Virginia. The State Superintendent of Public\n         Instruction appointed him Assistant Supervisor of \"Negro\"\n         Education in 1936. On January 1, 1951, he was promoted to the\n         position of Associate Supervisor of Elementary and Secondary\n         Education. He received another promotion on September 1, 1966,\n         to Associate Director of the Division of Secondary Education.\n         He retired April 4, 1969.","Richardson had two elementary schools and one high school\n         named for him. The elementary schools were in Culpepper and\n         the other in Blackstone, Virginia. Archie Richardson High\n         School was located in Louisa County, Virginia.","During his tenure, he contributed a number of articles to\n         State and National journals of education. He also authored The\n         Development of Negro Education in Virginia.","Mr. Richardson was married to Linnie Ramey for over fifty\n         years. Mrs. Richardson taught at schools in Mecklenburg and\n         Richmond, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Archie G. Richardson Papers, Accession #1997-77 ,\n            Special Collections and Archives, Johnston Memorial\n            Library, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHow did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["How did Virginia explain educational public policy during\n         the era of legal segregation? Archie Richardson's main\n         responsibility during his tenure with the Department of\n         Education was that of official spokesman to the African\n         American Community for the State of Virginia. Correspondence,\n         speeches, writings, and photographs documenting Archie\n         Richardson's position as the only African American\n         professional employed by the Education Department in Virginia\n         during the era of legal segregation, Constitutes the majority\n         of these materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIn 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["In 1936, Archie Richardson became\n         the highest-ranking African American in the State Government.\n         In that year, he was appointed assistant to the Assistant for\n         Negro education in Virginia. In 1969, he retired as Associate\n         Director of the Division of Secondary Education in Virginia.\n         His papers consist of correspondence, speeches, writings and\n         more than one thousand photographs of Rosenwald, Slater, and\n         other schools constructed in Virginia for African Americans in\n         the 1930's and before. Acc. #1997-77 Arranged By: Lucious\n         Edwards"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1961,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:18:36.140Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00038_c04_c01_c13"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia State University","value":"Virginia State University","hits":14112},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+University\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter Roberts","value":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry 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