{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=45\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=44\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=46\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=51\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":45,"next_page":46,"prev_page":44,"total_pages":51,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":440,"total_count":509,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vil_vil00001_c05","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Subject files: investitures,\n1965-2005","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00001_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. 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It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":52,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"physdesc_tesim":["25 folders"],"containers_ssim":["box 8-4 to 9-7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":23,"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_tesim":["Alphabetical."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00001","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00001","_root_":"vil_vil00001","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00001.xml","title_ssm":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"title_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"text":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006","00028513","Clerks of court -- Virginia.","Court administration -- Virginia.","Court rules -- Virginia.","Courts -- Virginia.","Judges -- Virginia -- Biography.","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Judicial opinions -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Judicial process -- Virginia.","Judicial records -- Virginia.","Lawyers -- Virginia.","Martinsville Seven Trial Martinsville, Va., 1949.","Booklets -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Building plans -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Ceremonies -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Clippings (information artifacts) -- Virginia.","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Dedications (ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Invitations -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Memorandums -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Oaths -- Virginia.","Obituaries -- Virginia.","Portraits -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Presentations (cultural ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Resolutions (administrative records) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Souvenir programs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Staunton.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Wytheville.","Speeches -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Transcripts -- Virginia -- Richmond.","5.8 cu. ft. (13 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into the following series: Special Court of Appeals records, 1924-1928; Judicial Council correspondence, 1930-1935; 1946; clerk's correspondence with justices, 1917-2005; clerk's general correspondence, 1929-1981; subject files documenting court ceremonies (investitutures, portrait presentations, memorials), anniversaries,  and building dedications, 1925-2006; justices' speeches, 1931-1975; court publications, 1983; clippings, 1972; and miscellaneous records, 1936-2005.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature.\nThe Constitution of 1870 required that annual sessions be held away from Richmond in the localities of Wytheville, Staunton, and Winchester. This mandate from the days of horse and buggy travel continued into the twentieth century, with sessions being held in Staunton as late as September, 1970.","By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed. Virginia does not allow an appeal to the Supreme Court as a matter of right except in cases involving the State Corporation Commission, certain disciplinary actions against an attorney, and review of\nthe death penalty.","The Court's original jurisdiction is limited to cases of habeas corpus (ordering one holding custody to produce the detained person before the Court for the purpose of determining whether such custody is proper), mandamus (ordering the holder of an office to perform his duty), prohibition (ordering a public\nofficial to stop an action), and actual innocence (based on biological testing). The Supreme Court also has\noriginal jurisdiction in matters filed by the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission relating to judicial\ncensure and retirement, and removal of judges.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","Maury B. Watts was appointed Clerk in 1933 and served until his death in 1952. Howard G. Turner served from 1952 to 1977, Allen L. Lucy from 1977 to 1984, and David B. Beach from 1984 to 2003. Patricia Harrington was appointed in 2003.","The Special Court of Appeals was established by the General Assembly to relieve congestion of the high court docket by adjudicating cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court.  It met from 1924 to 1928.","The Judicial Council was established by the General Assembly in 1928.  It was relatively inactive between 1936 and 1947, when Chief Justice Hudgins revitalized it.","The collection contains correspondence files of the Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, documenting the Clerk's role in managing the records of the Court, maintaining communication with justices in their offices across the state, and managing administrative issues, especially during the period 1933 to 1952.  The collection also contains records documenting the ceremonial history of the court.","Special Court of Appeals records contain correspondence, 1924-1928; recommendations and endorsements, 1924; a draft order designating the first session of the court, 1924; and argument dockets, 1926-1927.","Correspondence regarding the organization of a Special Court of Appeals, 1924-1928, is comprised of the correspondence of Justice Frederick Walker Sims, Court President, 1924-1925, and Justice Robert Prentis, Chief Justice, 1925-1931, with other justices, judges, and legislators. It documents the establishment of a Special Court of Appeals in Virginia and selection of candidates for the Court. Correspondents include state Senators Robert J. Noel, Alfred C. Smith, and W. Worth Smith, Jr., Delegates George A. Bowles, Charles Henry Smith, and Thomas W. Ozlin, Speaker of the House of Delegates; Louis S. Epes, State Corporation Commission; Eppa Hunton, Jr., and Richmond Judge Beverley T. Crump.","This folder contains recommendations and endorsements from bar associations for judges nominated to serve on the Special Court of Appeals: Judge A.T. Browning; Judge Douglas Dabney; Edward W. Hudgins; and Judge Howard W. Smith.","This folder contains two argument dockets, 1926-1927; and three letters pertaining to instructions for correcting and printing the dockets, 1924 and 1926.  One docket lists the style of cause, appellants' counsel, and appellees' counsel; one docket lists style of cause, court, and judge.","Judicial Council correspondence contains correspondence of Chief Justice Prentis, President of the Judicial Council and M.B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court and Secretary of the Judicial Council, 1930-1935; 1946.","These letters document the organization and administration of the Judicial Council and the Council's work in seeking recommendations from lawyers and judges for changes to statues regulating the practice of law in Virginia.  Correspondents include individuals invited to join the Council, representatives of Judicial Councils from other states, and Virginia attorneys and judges proposing changes in laws.  The correspondence includes an exchange between Herbert G. Cochran, Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Judge, and Chief Justice Prentis, 1931, regarding a request for the Council's help with the Virginia State Bar Association's Committee on Organization of the Bar; and a letter from Chief Justice Campbell to Governor Peery, 1935, requesting re-appropriation for the Council in the Governor's budget for 1936.","Correspondence with justices pertains mostly to day-to-day administrative issues, suggestions for editing and copy-editing opinions, and management of court documents.  Some letters from justices to the Clerk include rationales for decisions or opinions, references to court policies, concerns about declining health, and personal matters. The largest correspondence files in the collection contain correspondence between the Clerk and Chief Justice Holt, 1928-1947; Chief Justice Edward Hudgins, 1930-1958; Justice Gregory, 1933-1951; and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1977.","One letter to Judge Stafford G. Whittle accepting appointment to the court, and several letters to Judge Robert Riddick Prentis, 1917-1928. A photograph of Judge Burks found with the letter was separated and cataloged with other photographs of justices.","Correspondence includes references to plans for a new state library and supreme court building, 1938; acqusition of a portrait of Judge Frederick W. Sims, who served on the court from 1916 to 1925; an exchange about Chief Justice Campbell's preference for employing his wife as his stenographer, at no charge to the state, 1936; about the organization of the Virginia State Bar, 1937; and the state art commission and its jurisdiction over the court's acceptance of portraits, 1941.","Includes references to the law library in Staunton, 1959-1960.","Contains correspondence among justices and between Chief Justice Preston Campbell and  Governor John Garland Pollard's about reductions in staff due to the state budget shortfall in 1933.","Includes a broadside from Harrison's campaign for Attorney General and a postcard from his campaign for Governor in 1961.","The series includes one file of correspondence pertaining to portraits of St. George Tucker and Justice Joseph Chinn, a memorial plaque for Judge Paul Carrington, and a portrait of St. George Tucker.  Also included are three folders of Chief Justice Holt's personal correspondence with his children and friends, 1936-1947.","This correspondence includes letters regarding the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1947-1958, including letters from Chief Justice Hudgins protesting legislation pending in 1954 to require the General Assembly's approval of rules adopted by the Judicial Council affecting the practice of law in Virginia.  Also included are Hudgins' letters regarding the admission of foreign attorneys, i.e., not members of the Virginia Bar, to practice in Virginia, 1937-1957; a folder of letters and petitions protesting the Court's decision against a  petition to appeal, on the basis of racial prejudice, the verdict in the Martinsville Seven case, 1949, and one letter in support of the Court's decision; and a letter, 1947, from Chief Justice Hudgins to Maury B. Watts, recommending that Margaret Webb, his law clerk, be allowed to take the full state bar examination.","A file of personal correspondence, 1941-1950, includes a letter from Senator A. Willis Robertson, 1947, responding to Hudgins' inquiry about legislation to help tobacco farmers and protect archaeological findings in the section of the Roanoke River Basin to be flooded by construction of the Buggs Island Dam.  The collection also contains correspondence (4 items) between the Clerk's office and Margaret Hudgins, wife of Chief Justice Hudgins, about his portrait, in 1934; and his health, in 1944.","Includes Justice Miller's copy of a program from the memorial service for John Johnston Parker, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1958 Apr. 22.","The correspondence includes two letters from Judge Frederick Sims elaborating on recent opinions; correspondence pertaining to Justice Prentis' appointment to the U.S. Board of Mediation, 1929; and letters about legal opinions.","The file contains letters pertaining to Snead's appointment to the Court in 1956 and his departure in 1974.  Also is a personal letter from Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell thanking Justice Snead for a dinner given in his honor by the Court in 1972.  The correspondence includes  biographical information about Justice Snead forwarded by the Clerk's office to the Virginia Law Review, 1974.","Correspondence between M.B. Watts, Clerk, and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1969, pertains mostly to Watts' editorial suggestions, research questions, and research advice, and some correspondence about Justice Spratley's law clerks in the early 1940s.  Correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Justice Spratley, 1953-1978, pertains mostly to management of court documents, hiring of law clerks, and court ceremonies.","The files contains Justice Staples' petition for retirement in 1951.","Clerk's general correspondence, 1926-1989, contains administrative correspondence, 1925-1989;  correspondence regarding court anniversaries, 1979-1980; regarding portraits, 1926-1978, and integration of the Virginia State Bar, 1938-1948.","This series includes a folder of letters of application for the position of clerk, 1933, and a letter from Maury Watts about the position, 1933 (Box 13, folder 1); an exchange with Newport News attorney William Davis Butts asking about access to the State Law Library for African Americans, 1950; and correspondence, 1979-1980, from the Virginia State Bar about unauthorized practice of law.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Pertains mostly to procedural issues; includes a booklet, \"Rules of the Supreme Court of Appeals of the State of Virginia,\" 1928, with the signature, \"M.B. Watts\" on the cover.","This correspondence pertains to applications for admission to the bar, certificates of good standing, filing of court records.","These records Document the assignment of costs for filing of court documents.","Includes one folder of \"monies usually paid to clerk paid to L.S. Epes, 5/16/33 to 7/15/33\" (box 13, folder 2).","Correspondence pertains to plans for celebrating the bicentennial of the court's establishment in 1779 and the court's first session in 1780. Included is a copy of the proceedings of the 1979 celebration, and letter from Justice Lewis Powell with corrected galley proofs of his remarks for publication.","Correspondence pertains to commissioning of portraits of justices and copies of portraits for the Court, restoration of portraits, loans, gifts and provenance of portraits, and protocol for the commissioning and hanging of portraits.","The correspondence documents the Court's acquisition of portraits who served before the Virginia Bar Association began donating portraits of each justice to the Court.  It pertains to acquisition of portraits of George Wythe (served 1779-1788); James Mercer (served 1781-1788, 1789-1793); Spencer Roane (served 1795-1822), Drury Hinton (served 1883-1894); Joseph Kelly (served 1915-1924; 1925); Jessie West (served 1922 to 1929); Robert R. Prentis (served 1916-1931); and Louis Epes (served 1929-1935). Correspondence also documents the commissioning and presentation, in 1963, of copies of portraits  by artist Robert Nurnberger of portraits of John Blair (served 1779-1789), William Fleming (served 1781-1824), William T. Joynes (served 1866-1882), Francis T. Brooke (served 1811-1851), and Robert Stanard (served 1839-1846).","Correspondents in this series include Violet McDowell Pollard, Division of the Budget, State Capitol; William Young, conservation and restoration specialist; Robert L. Nurnberger, \nChief Justices Edward Hudgins, C. Vernon Spratley, and John W. Eggleston; Philip N. Stern, Chairman and Secretary of the Art Commission of Virginia; Governor Mills E. Godwin, William M. Blackwell, Chairman, Virginia Bar Association Committee on Portraits, Judge John N. Kenna, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; D.V. Chapman, Jr., and H.E. Gassman, Superintendents, Grounds and Buildings, Commonwealth of Virginia; and Leo Fox, alias Charles J. Fox.  Fox was a purveyor of portraits copied from photographs by an anonymous painter and sold as originals.","Primarily correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Margaret Archer, Librarian of the State Law Library in Staunton. Includes an inventory of the furnishings and books in the offices and library of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton, 1953.","Includes lists of books loaned to the Wythe County Circuit Court and transferred to the State Law Library in Richmond; and a copy of the contract, 1902, for rent of the Courthouse at Wytheville.","Contains memos, letters, reports, and proposed legislation pertaining to the integration of the Virginia State Bar.  Includes a stenographic report (transcript) of a meeting of the Committee of Forty on Bar Integration at Sweetbriar College, July 1938, and a \"meeting before the meeting.\" Alson contains the printed report of the Committees on Integration of the Virginia State Bar, September 8, 1938; and recommendations and suggestions from members of the bar in response to the report, October 1938.","Maury B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1933 to 1954, was associated with Appeals Press, in Richmond, which published Carrington's book, A History of Halifax County, in 1924. The correspondence pertains to marketing and sales of the book.","This series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes.","This series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings.","This series contains programs, speeches, transcripts, and correspondence documenting celebrations of court anniversaries and building dedications.","Program and addresses.","Programs and speeches.","Henrico County Circuit Court order commemorating the anniversary.","Program.","Correspondence and transcript of ceremony.","Programs, draft speeches, transcript, invitation, and certificate of recognition.","Invitation and program.","This series contains programs from admission ceremonies, held at the Hotel John Marshall in Richmond, for attorneys at law qualifying to practice in the Supreme Court of Virginia and all courts in the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Speeches honoring individuals or explaining the functions of the Court.","Informational pamphlets published by the Supreme Court of Virginia: Virginia Courts in Brief, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Clippings about the closing of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton in 1972; and photographs of the Judicial Conference, undated, published in the Virginia Bar News.","This series contains court orders, architectural plans, and memos.","Various court documents and other records filed with records from the Clerk's office.  Includes copies, undated, of pages of the Supreme Court of Appeals order book, 1785 and 1810; motions, jury instructions, a biographical sketch of John Blair, originally published in the Virginia Bar Association annual report, 1927; a resolution thanking Justice Hudgins for his assistance furnishing the new court building, 1940; jury instructions, and a memo from Justice Lacy to the other justices about multi-jurisdictional practice, 2001.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals.","Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00028513"],"unitid_tesim":["00028513"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals."],"creators_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931.","Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred from the Clerk's office to the State Law Library in 2006.","Portions of the collection were found in other files after the collection was initially processed and interfiled or added in 2012 and 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clerks of court -- Virginia.","Court administration -- Virginia.","Court rules -- Virginia.","Courts -- Virginia.","Judges -- Virginia -- Biography.","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Judicial opinions -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Judicial process -- Virginia.","Judicial records -- Virginia.","Lawyers -- Virginia.","Martinsville Seven Trial Martinsville, Va., 1949.","Booklets -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Building plans -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Ceremonies -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Clippings (information artifacts) -- Virginia.","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Dedications (ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Invitations -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Memorandums -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Oaths -- Virginia.","Obituaries -- Virginia.","Portraits -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Presentations (cultural ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Resolutions (administrative records) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Souvenir programs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Staunton.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Wytheville.","Speeches -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Transcripts -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clerks of court -- Virginia.","Court administration -- Virginia.","Court rules -- Virginia.","Courts -- Virginia.","Judges -- Virginia -- Biography.","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Judicial opinions -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Judicial process -- Virginia.","Judicial records -- Virginia.","Lawyers -- Virginia.","Martinsville Seven Trial Martinsville, Va., 1949.","Booklets -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Building plans -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Ceremonies -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Clippings (information artifacts) -- Virginia.","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Dedications (ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Invitations -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Memorandums -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Oaths -- Virginia.","Obituaries -- Virginia.","Portraits -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Presentations (cultural ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Resolutions (administrative records) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Souvenir programs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Staunton.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Wytheville.","Speeches -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Transcripts -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.8 cu. ft. (13 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: Special Court of Appeals records, 1924-1928; Judicial Council correspondence, 1930-1935; 1946; clerk's correspondence with justices, 1917-2005; clerk's general correspondence, 1929-1981; subject files documenting court ceremonies (investitutures, portrait presentations, memorials), anniversaries,  and building dedications, 1925-2006; justices' speeches, 1931-1975; court publications, 1983; clippings, 1972; and miscellaneous records, 1936-2005.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into the following series: Special Court of Appeals records, 1924-1928; Judicial Council correspondence, 1930-1935; 1946; clerk's correspondence with justices, 1917-2005; clerk's general correspondence, 1929-1981; subject files documenting court ceremonies (investitutures, portrait presentations, memorials), anniversaries,  and building dedications, 1925-2006; justices' speeches, 1931-1975; court publications, 1983; clippings, 1972; and miscellaneous records, 1936-2005.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature.\nThe Constitution of 1870 required that annual sessions be held away from Richmond in the localities of Wytheville, Staunton, and Winchester. This mandate from the days of horse and buggy travel continued into the twentieth century, with sessions being held in Staunton as late as September, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBy Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed. Virginia does not allow an appeal to the Supreme Court as a matter of right except in cases involving the State Corporation Commission, certain disciplinary actions against an attorney, and review of\nthe death penalty.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Court's original jurisdiction is limited to cases of habeas corpus (ordering one holding custody to produce the detained person before the Court for the purpose of determining whether such custody is proper), mandamus (ordering the holder of an office to perform his duty), prohibition (ordering a public\nofficial to stop an action), and actual innocence (based on biological testing). The Supreme Court also has\noriginal jurisdiction in matters filed by the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission relating to judicial\ncensure and retirement, and removal of judges.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaury B. Watts was appointed Clerk in 1933 and served until his death in 1952. Howard G. Turner served from 1952 to 1977, Allen L. Lucy from 1977 to 1984, and David B. Beach from 1984 to 2003. Patricia Harrington was appointed in 2003.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Court of Appeals was established by the General Assembly to relieve congestion of the high court docket by adjudicating cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court.  It met from 1924 to 1928.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Judicial Council was established by the General Assembly in 1928.  It was relatively inactive between 1936 and 1947, when Chief Justice Hudgins revitalized it.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature.\nThe Constitution of 1870 required that annual sessions be held away from Richmond in the localities of Wytheville, Staunton, and Winchester. This mandate from the days of horse and buggy travel continued into the twentieth century, with sessions being held in Staunton as late as September, 1970.","By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed. Virginia does not allow an appeal to the Supreme Court as a matter of right except in cases involving the State Corporation Commission, certain disciplinary actions against an attorney, and review of\nthe death penalty.","The Court's original jurisdiction is limited to cases of habeas corpus (ordering one holding custody to produce the detained person before the Court for the purpose of determining whether such custody is proper), mandamus (ordering the holder of an office to perform his duty), prohibition (ordering a public\nofficial to stop an action), and actual innocence (based on biological testing). The Supreme Court also has\noriginal jurisdiction in matters filed by the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission relating to judicial\ncensure and retirement, and removal of judges.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","Maury B. Watts was appointed Clerk in 1933 and served until his death in 1952. Howard G. Turner served from 1952 to 1977, Allen L. Lucy from 1977 to 1984, and David B. Beach from 1984 to 2003. Patricia Harrington was appointed in 2003.","The Special Court of Appeals was established by the General Assembly to relieve congestion of the high court docket by adjudicating cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court.  It met from 1924 to 1928.","The Judicial Council was established by the General Assembly in 1928.  It was relatively inactive between 1936 and 1947, when Chief Justice Hudgins revitalized it."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClerk's Correspondence and other Records, 1918-2006, Accession #00028513, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records, 1918-2006, Accession #00028513, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence files of the Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, documenting the Clerk's role in managing the records of the Court, maintaining communication with justices in their offices across the state, and managing administrative issues, especially during the period 1933 to 1952.  The collection also contains records documenting the ceremonial history of the court.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Court of Appeals records contain correspondence, 1924-1928; recommendations and endorsements, 1924; a draft order designating the first session of the court, 1924; and argument dockets, 1926-1927.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding the organization of a Special Court of Appeals, 1924-1928, is comprised of the correspondence of Justice Frederick Walker Sims, Court President, 1924-1925, and Justice Robert Prentis, Chief Justice, 1925-1931, with other justices, judges, and legislators. It documents the establishment of a Special Court of Appeals in Virginia and selection of candidates for the Court. Correspondents include state Senators Robert J. Noel, Alfred C. Smith, and W. Worth Smith, Jr., Delegates George A. Bowles, Charles Henry Smith, and Thomas W. Ozlin, Speaker of the House of Delegates; Louis S. Epes, State Corporation Commission; Eppa Hunton, Jr., and Richmond Judge Beverley T. Crump.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains recommendations and endorsements from bar associations for judges nominated to serve on the Special Court of Appeals: Judge A.T. Browning; Judge Douglas Dabney; Edward W. Hudgins; and Judge Howard W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains two argument dockets, 1926-1927; and three letters pertaining to instructions for correcting and printing the dockets, 1924 and 1926.  One docket lists the style of cause, appellants' counsel, and appellees' counsel; one docket lists style of cause, court, and judge.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eJudicial Council correspondence contains correspondence of Chief Justice Prentis, President of the Judicial Council and M.B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court and Secretary of the Judicial Council, 1930-1935; 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003e These letters document the organization and administration of the Judicial Council and the Council's work in seeking recommendations from lawyers and judges for changes to statues regulating the practice of law in Virginia.  Correspondents include individuals invited to join the Council, representatives of Judicial Councils from other states, and Virginia attorneys and judges proposing changes in laws.  The correspondence includes an exchange between Herbert G. Cochran, Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Judge, and Chief Justice Prentis, 1931, regarding a request for the Council's help with the Virginia State Bar Association's Committee on Organization of the Bar; and a letter from Chief Justice Campbell to Governor Peery, 1935, requesting re-appropriation for the Council in the Governor's budget for 1936.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with justices pertains mostly to day-to-day administrative issues, suggestions for editing and copy-editing opinions, and management of court documents.  Some letters from justices to the Clerk include rationales for decisions or opinions, references to court policies, concerns about declining health, and personal matters. The largest correspondence files in the collection contain correspondence between the Clerk and Chief Justice Holt, 1928-1947; Chief Justice Edward Hudgins, 1930-1958; Justice Gregory, 1933-1951; and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1977.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eOne letter to Judge Stafford G. Whittle accepting appointment to the court, and several letters to Judge Robert Riddick Prentis, 1917-1928. A photograph of Judge Burks found with the letter was separated and cataloged with other photographs of justices.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes references to plans for a new state library and supreme court building, 1938; acqusition of a portrait of Judge Frederick W. Sims, who served on the court from 1916 to 1925; an exchange about Chief Justice Campbell's preference for employing his wife as his stenographer, at no charge to the state, 1936; about the organization of the Virginia State Bar, 1937; and the state art commission and its jurisdiction over the court's acceptance of portraits, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes references to the law library in Staunton, 1959-1960.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence among justices and between Chief Justice Preston Campbell and  Governor John Garland Pollard's about reductions in staff due to the state budget shortfall in 1933.  \u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a broadside from Harrison's campaign for Attorney General and a postcard from his campaign for Governor in 1961.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe series includes one file of correspondence pertaining to portraits of St. George Tucker and Justice Joseph Chinn, a memorial plaque for Judge Paul Carrington, and a portrait of St. George Tucker.  Also included are three folders of Chief Justice Holt's personal correspondence with his children and friends, 1936-1947.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis correspondence includes letters regarding the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1947-1958, including letters from Chief Justice Hudgins protesting legislation pending in 1954 to require the General Assembly's approval of rules adopted by the Judicial Council affecting the practice of law in Virginia.  Also included are Hudgins' letters regarding the admission of foreign attorneys, i.e., not members of the Virginia Bar, to practice in Virginia, 1937-1957; a folder of letters and petitions protesting the Court's decision against a  petition to appeal, on the basis of racial prejudice, the verdict in the Martinsville Seven case, 1949, and one letter in support of the Court's decision; and a letter, 1947, from Chief Justice Hudgins to Maury B. Watts, recommending that Margaret Webb, his law clerk, be allowed to take the full state bar examination.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eA file of personal correspondence, 1941-1950, includes a letter from Senator A. Willis Robertson, 1947, responding to Hudgins' inquiry about legislation to help tobacco farmers and protect archaeological findings in the section of the Roanoke River Basin to be flooded by construction of the Buggs Island Dam.  The collection also contains correspondence (4 items) between the Clerk's office and Margaret Hudgins, wife of Chief Justice Hudgins, about his portrait, in 1934; and his health, in 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Justice Miller's copy of a program from the memorial service for John Johnston Parker, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1958 Apr. 22.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence includes two letters from Judge Frederick Sims elaborating on recent opinions; correspondence pertaining to Justice Prentis' appointment to the U.S. Board of Mediation, 1929; and letters about legal opinions.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe file contains letters pertaining to Snead's appointment to the Court in 1956 and his departure in 1974.  Also is a personal letter from Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell thanking Justice Snead for a dinner given in his honor by the Court in 1972.  The correspondence includes  biographical information about Justice Snead forwarded by the Clerk's office to the Virginia Law Review, 1974. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between M.B. Watts, Clerk, and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1969, pertains mostly to Watts' editorial suggestions, research questions, and research advice, and some correspondence about Justice Spratley's law clerks in the early 1940s.  Correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Justice Spratley, 1953-1978, pertains mostly to management of court documents, hiring of law clerks, and court ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe files contains Justice Staples' petition for retirement in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eClerk's general correspondence, 1926-1989, contains administrative correspondence, 1925-1989;  correspondence regarding court anniversaries, 1979-1980; regarding portraits, 1926-1978, and integration of the Virginia State Bar, 1938-1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a folder of letters of application for the position of clerk, 1933, and a letter from Maury Watts about the position, 1933 (Box 13, folder 1); an exchange with Newport News attorney William Davis Butts asking about access to the State Law Library for African Americans, 1950; and correspondence, 1979-1980, from the Virginia State Bar about unauthorized practice of law.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eSmales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eSmales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePertains mostly to procedural issues; includes a booklet, \"Rules of the Supreme Court of Appeals of the State of Virginia,\" 1928, with the signature, \"M.B. Watts\" on the cover.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis correspondence pertains to applications for admission to the bar, certificates of good standing, filing of court records.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThese records Document the assignment of costs for filing of court documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one folder of \"monies usually paid to clerk paid to L.S. Epes, 5/16/33 to 7/15/33\" (box 13, folder 2). \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence pertains to plans for celebrating the bicentennial of the court's establishment in 1779 and the court's first session in 1780. Included is a copy of the proceedings of the 1979 celebration, and letter from Justice Lewis Powell with corrected galley proofs of his remarks for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence pertains to commissioning of portraits of justices and copies of portraits for the Court, restoration of portraits, loans, gifts and provenance of portraits, and protocol for the commissioning and hanging of portraits.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence documents the Court's acquisition of portraits who served before the Virginia Bar Association began donating portraits of each justice to the Court.  It pertains to acquisition of portraits of George Wythe (served 1779-1788); James Mercer (served 1781-1788, 1789-1793); Spencer Roane (served 1795-1822), Drury Hinton (served 1883-1894); Joseph Kelly (served 1915-1924; 1925); Jessie West (served 1922 to 1929); Robert R. Prentis (served 1916-1931); and Louis Epes (served 1929-1935). Correspondence also documents the commissioning and presentation, in 1963, of copies of portraits  by artist Robert Nurnberger of portraits of John Blair (served 1779-1789), William Fleming (served 1781-1824), William T. Joynes (served 1866-1882), Francis T. Brooke (served 1811-1851), and Robert Stanard (served 1839-1846).\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents in this series include Violet McDowell Pollard, Division of the Budget, State Capitol; William Young, conservation and restoration specialist; Robert L. Nurnberger, \nChief Justices Edward Hudgins, C. Vernon Spratley, and John W. Eggleston; Philip N. Stern, Chairman and Secretary of the Art Commission of Virginia; Governor Mills E. Godwin, William M. Blackwell, Chairman, Virginia Bar Association Committee on Portraits, Judge John N. Kenna, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; D.V. Chapman, Jr., and H.E. Gassman, Superintendents, Grounds and Buildings, Commonwealth of Virginia; and Leo Fox, alias Charles J. Fox.  Fox was a purveyor of portraits copied from photographs by an anonymous painter and sold as originals.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Margaret Archer, Librarian of the State Law Library in Staunton. Includes an inventory of the furnishings and books in the offices and library of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton, 1953.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes lists of books loaned to the Wythe County Circuit Court and transferred to the State Law Library in Richmond; and a copy of the contract, 1902, for rent of the Courthouse at Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eContains memos, letters, reports, and proposed legislation pertaining to the integration of the Virginia State Bar.  Includes a stenographic report (transcript) of a meeting of the Committee of Forty on Bar Integration at Sweetbriar College, July 1938, and a \"meeting before the meeting.\" Alson contains the printed report of the Committees on Integration of the Virginia State Bar, September 8, 1938; and recommendations and suggestions from members of the bar in response to the report, October 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eMaury B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1933 to 1954, was associated with Appeals Press, in Richmond, which published Carrington's book, A History of Halifax County, in 1924. The correspondence pertains to marketing and sales of the book.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains programs, speeches, transcripts, and correspondence documenting celebrations of court anniversaries and building dedications.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eProgram and addresses.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePrograms and speeches.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eHenrico County Circuit Court order commemorating the anniversary. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eProgram. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and transcript of ceremony.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePrograms, draft speeches, transcript, invitation, and certificate of recognition.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eInvitation and program.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains programs from admission ceremonies, held at the Hotel John Marshall in Richmond, for attorneys at law qualifying to practice in the Supreme Court of Virginia and all courts in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches honoring individuals or explaining the functions of the Court. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets published by the Supreme Court of Virginia: Virginia Courts in Brief, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eClippings about the closing of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton in 1972; and photographs of the Judicial Conference, undated, published in the Virginia Bar News.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains court orders, architectural plans, and memos.    \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eVarious court documents and other records filed with records from the Clerk's office.  Includes copies, undated, of pages of the Supreme Court of Appeals order book, 1785 and 1810; motions, jury instructions, a biographical sketch of John Blair, originally published in the Virginia Bar Association annual report, 1927; a resolution thanking Justice Hudgins for his assistance furnishing the new court building, 1940; jury instructions, and a memo from Justice Lacy to the other justices about multi-jurisdictional practice, 2001.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence files of the Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, documenting the Clerk's role in managing the records of the Court, maintaining communication with justices in their offices across the state, and managing administrative issues, especially during the period 1933 to 1952.  The collection also contains records documenting the ceremonial history of the court.","Special Court of Appeals records contain correspondence, 1924-1928; recommendations and endorsements, 1924; a draft order designating the first session of the court, 1924; and argument dockets, 1926-1927.","Correspondence regarding the organization of a Special Court of Appeals, 1924-1928, is comprised of the correspondence of Justice Frederick Walker Sims, Court President, 1924-1925, and Justice Robert Prentis, Chief Justice, 1925-1931, with other justices, judges, and legislators. It documents the establishment of a Special Court of Appeals in Virginia and selection of candidates for the Court. Correspondents include state Senators Robert J. Noel, Alfred C. Smith, and W. Worth Smith, Jr., Delegates George A. Bowles, Charles Henry Smith, and Thomas W. Ozlin, Speaker of the House of Delegates; Louis S. Epes, State Corporation Commission; Eppa Hunton, Jr., and Richmond Judge Beverley T. Crump.","This folder contains recommendations and endorsements from bar associations for judges nominated to serve on the Special Court of Appeals: Judge A.T. Browning; Judge Douglas Dabney; Edward W. Hudgins; and Judge Howard W. Smith.","This folder contains two argument dockets, 1926-1927; and three letters pertaining to instructions for correcting and printing the dockets, 1924 and 1926.  One docket lists the style of cause, appellants' counsel, and appellees' counsel; one docket lists style of cause, court, and judge.","Judicial Council correspondence contains correspondence of Chief Justice Prentis, President of the Judicial Council and M.B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court and Secretary of the Judicial Council, 1930-1935; 1946.","These letters document the organization and administration of the Judicial Council and the Council's work in seeking recommendations from lawyers and judges for changes to statues regulating the practice of law in Virginia.  Correspondents include individuals invited to join the Council, representatives of Judicial Councils from other states, and Virginia attorneys and judges proposing changes in laws.  The correspondence includes an exchange between Herbert G. Cochran, Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Judge, and Chief Justice Prentis, 1931, regarding a request for the Council's help with the Virginia State Bar Association's Committee on Organization of the Bar; and a letter from Chief Justice Campbell to Governor Peery, 1935, requesting re-appropriation for the Council in the Governor's budget for 1936.","Correspondence with justices pertains mostly to day-to-day administrative issues, suggestions for editing and copy-editing opinions, and management of court documents.  Some letters from justices to the Clerk include rationales for decisions or opinions, references to court policies, concerns about declining health, and personal matters. The largest correspondence files in the collection contain correspondence between the Clerk and Chief Justice Holt, 1928-1947; Chief Justice Edward Hudgins, 1930-1958; Justice Gregory, 1933-1951; and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1977.","One letter to Judge Stafford G. Whittle accepting appointment to the court, and several letters to Judge Robert Riddick Prentis, 1917-1928. A photograph of Judge Burks found with the letter was separated and cataloged with other photographs of justices.","Correspondence includes references to plans for a new state library and supreme court building, 1938; acqusition of a portrait of Judge Frederick W. Sims, who served on the court from 1916 to 1925; an exchange about Chief Justice Campbell's preference for employing his wife as his stenographer, at no charge to the state, 1936; about the organization of the Virginia State Bar, 1937; and the state art commission and its jurisdiction over the court's acceptance of portraits, 1941.","Includes references to the law library in Staunton, 1959-1960.","Contains correspondence among justices and between Chief Justice Preston Campbell and  Governor John Garland Pollard's about reductions in staff due to the state budget shortfall in 1933.","Includes a broadside from Harrison's campaign for Attorney General and a postcard from his campaign for Governor in 1961.","The series includes one file of correspondence pertaining to portraits of St. George Tucker and Justice Joseph Chinn, a memorial plaque for Judge Paul Carrington, and a portrait of St. George Tucker.  Also included are three folders of Chief Justice Holt's personal correspondence with his children and friends, 1936-1947.","This correspondence includes letters regarding the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1947-1958, including letters from Chief Justice Hudgins protesting legislation pending in 1954 to require the General Assembly's approval of rules adopted by the Judicial Council affecting the practice of law in Virginia.  Also included are Hudgins' letters regarding the admission of foreign attorneys, i.e., not members of the Virginia Bar, to practice in Virginia, 1937-1957; a folder of letters and petitions protesting the Court's decision against a  petition to appeal, on the basis of racial prejudice, the verdict in the Martinsville Seven case, 1949, and one letter in support of the Court's decision; and a letter, 1947, from Chief Justice Hudgins to Maury B. Watts, recommending that Margaret Webb, his law clerk, be allowed to take the full state bar examination.","A file of personal correspondence, 1941-1950, includes a letter from Senator A. Willis Robertson, 1947, responding to Hudgins' inquiry about legislation to help tobacco farmers and protect archaeological findings in the section of the Roanoke River Basin to be flooded by construction of the Buggs Island Dam.  The collection also contains correspondence (4 items) between the Clerk's office and Margaret Hudgins, wife of Chief Justice Hudgins, about his portrait, in 1934; and his health, in 1944.","Includes Justice Miller's copy of a program from the memorial service for John Johnston Parker, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1958 Apr. 22.","The correspondence includes two letters from Judge Frederick Sims elaborating on recent opinions; correspondence pertaining to Justice Prentis' appointment to the U.S. Board of Mediation, 1929; and letters about legal opinions.","The file contains letters pertaining to Snead's appointment to the Court in 1956 and his departure in 1974.  Also is a personal letter from Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell thanking Justice Snead for a dinner given in his honor by the Court in 1972.  The correspondence includes  biographical information about Justice Snead forwarded by the Clerk's office to the Virginia Law Review, 1974.","Correspondence between M.B. Watts, Clerk, and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1969, pertains mostly to Watts' editorial suggestions, research questions, and research advice, and some correspondence about Justice Spratley's law clerks in the early 1940s.  Correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Justice Spratley, 1953-1978, pertains mostly to management of court documents, hiring of law clerks, and court ceremonies.","The files contains Justice Staples' petition for retirement in 1951.","Clerk's general correspondence, 1926-1989, contains administrative correspondence, 1925-1989;  correspondence regarding court anniversaries, 1979-1980; regarding portraits, 1926-1978, and integration of the Virginia State Bar, 1938-1948.","This series includes a folder of letters of application for the position of clerk, 1933, and a letter from Maury Watts about the position, 1933 (Box 13, folder 1); an exchange with Newport News attorney William Davis Butts asking about access to the State Law Library for African Americans, 1950; and correspondence, 1979-1980, from the Virginia State Bar about unauthorized practice of law.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Pertains mostly to procedural issues; includes a booklet, \"Rules of the Supreme Court of Appeals of the State of Virginia,\" 1928, with the signature, \"M.B. Watts\" on the cover.","This correspondence pertains to applications for admission to the bar, certificates of good standing, filing of court records.","These records Document the assignment of costs for filing of court documents.","Includes one folder of \"monies usually paid to clerk paid to L.S. Epes, 5/16/33 to 7/15/33\" (box 13, folder 2).","Correspondence pertains to plans for celebrating the bicentennial of the court's establishment in 1779 and the court's first session in 1780. Included is a copy of the proceedings of the 1979 celebration, and letter from Justice Lewis Powell with corrected galley proofs of his remarks for publication.","Correspondence pertains to commissioning of portraits of justices and copies of portraits for the Court, restoration of portraits, loans, gifts and provenance of portraits, and protocol for the commissioning and hanging of portraits.","The correspondence documents the Court's acquisition of portraits who served before the Virginia Bar Association began donating portraits of each justice to the Court.  It pertains to acquisition of portraits of George Wythe (served 1779-1788); James Mercer (served 1781-1788, 1789-1793); Spencer Roane (served 1795-1822), Drury Hinton (served 1883-1894); Joseph Kelly (served 1915-1924; 1925); Jessie West (served 1922 to 1929); Robert R. Prentis (served 1916-1931); and Louis Epes (served 1929-1935). Correspondence also documents the commissioning and presentation, in 1963, of copies of portraits  by artist Robert Nurnberger of portraits of John Blair (served 1779-1789), William Fleming (served 1781-1824), William T. Joynes (served 1866-1882), Francis T. Brooke (served 1811-1851), and Robert Stanard (served 1839-1846).","Correspondents in this series include Violet McDowell Pollard, Division of the Budget, State Capitol; William Young, conservation and restoration specialist; Robert L. Nurnberger, \nChief Justices Edward Hudgins, C. Vernon Spratley, and John W. Eggleston; Philip N. Stern, Chairman and Secretary of the Art Commission of Virginia; Governor Mills E. Godwin, William M. Blackwell, Chairman, Virginia Bar Association Committee on Portraits, Judge John N. Kenna, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; D.V. Chapman, Jr., and H.E. Gassman, Superintendents, Grounds and Buildings, Commonwealth of Virginia; and Leo Fox, alias Charles J. Fox.  Fox was a purveyor of portraits copied from photographs by an anonymous painter and sold as originals.","Primarily correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Margaret Archer, Librarian of the State Law Library in Staunton. Includes an inventory of the furnishings and books in the offices and library of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton, 1953.","Includes lists of books loaned to the Wythe County Circuit Court and transferred to the State Law Library in Richmond; and a copy of the contract, 1902, for rent of the Courthouse at Wytheville.","Contains memos, letters, reports, and proposed legislation pertaining to the integration of the Virginia State Bar.  Includes a stenographic report (transcript) of a meeting of the Committee of Forty on Bar Integration at Sweetbriar College, July 1938, and a \"meeting before the meeting.\" Alson contains the printed report of the Committees on Integration of the Virginia State Bar, September 8, 1938; and recommendations and suggestions from members of the bar in response to the report, October 1938.","Maury B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1933 to 1954, was associated with Appeals Press, in Richmond, which published Carrington's book, A History of Halifax County, in 1924. The correspondence pertains to marketing and sales of the book.","This series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes.","This series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings.","This series contains programs, speeches, transcripts, and correspondence documenting celebrations of court anniversaries and building dedications.","Program and addresses.","Programs and speeches.","Henrico County Circuit Court order commemorating the anniversary.","Program.","Correspondence and transcript of ceremony.","Programs, draft speeches, transcript, invitation, and certificate of recognition.","Invitation and program.","This series contains programs from admission ceremonies, held at the Hotel John Marshall in Richmond, for attorneys at law qualifying to practice in the Supreme Court of Virginia and all courts in the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Speeches honoring individuals or explaining the functions of the Court.","Informational pamphlets published by the Supreme Court of Virginia: Virginia Courts in Brief, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Clippings about the closing of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton in 1972; and photographs of the Judicial Conference, undated, published in the Virginia Bar News.","This series contains court orders, architectural plans, and memos.","Various court documents and other records filed with records from the Clerk's office.  Includes copies, undated, of pages of the Supreme Court of Appeals order book, 1785 and 1810; motions, jury instructions, a biographical sketch of John Blair, originally published in the Virginia Bar Association annual report, 1927; a resolution thanking Justice Hudgins for his assistance furnishing the new court building, 1940; jury instructions, and a memo from Justice Lacy to the other justices about multi-jurisdictional practice, 2001."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals."],"persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931."],"names_ssim":["Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals.","Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":134,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00001_c05"}},{"id":"vil_vil00001_c06","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Subject files: portrait presentations and memorials, 1925-2005","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00001_c06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. 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The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":76,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"containers_ssim":["box-folder 9-8 to 11-8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":31,"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_tesim":["Alphabetical."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. 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The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00001","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00001","_root_":"vil_vil00001","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00001.xml","title_ssm":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"title_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"text":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006","00028513","Clerks of court -- Virginia.","Court administration -- Virginia.","Court rules -- Virginia.","Courts -- Virginia.","Judges -- Virginia -- Biography.","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Judicial opinions -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Judicial process -- Virginia.","Judicial records -- Virginia.","Lawyers -- Virginia.","Martinsville Seven Trial Martinsville, Va., 1949.","Booklets -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Building plans -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Ceremonies -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Clippings (information artifacts) -- Virginia.","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Dedications (ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Invitations -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Memorandums -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Oaths -- Virginia.","Obituaries -- Virginia.","Portraits -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Presentations (cultural ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Resolutions (administrative records) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Souvenir programs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Staunton.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Wytheville.","Speeches -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Transcripts -- Virginia -- Richmond.","5.8 cu. ft. (13 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","The collection is organized into the following series: Special Court of Appeals records, 1924-1928; Judicial Council correspondence, 1930-1935; 1946; clerk's correspondence with justices, 1917-2005; clerk's general correspondence, 1929-1981; subject files documenting court ceremonies (investitutures, portrait presentations, memorials), anniversaries,  and building dedications, 1925-2006; justices' speeches, 1931-1975; court publications, 1983; clippings, 1972; and miscellaneous records, 1936-2005.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature.\nThe Constitution of 1870 required that annual sessions be held away from Richmond in the localities of Wytheville, Staunton, and Winchester. This mandate from the days of horse and buggy travel continued into the twentieth century, with sessions being held in Staunton as late as September, 1970.","By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed. Virginia does not allow an appeal to the Supreme Court as a matter of right except in cases involving the State Corporation Commission, certain disciplinary actions against an attorney, and review of\nthe death penalty.","The Court's original jurisdiction is limited to cases of habeas corpus (ordering one holding custody to produce the detained person before the Court for the purpose of determining whether such custody is proper), mandamus (ordering the holder of an office to perform his duty), prohibition (ordering a public\nofficial to stop an action), and actual innocence (based on biological testing). The Supreme Court also has\noriginal jurisdiction in matters filed by the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission relating to judicial\ncensure and retirement, and removal of judges.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","Maury B. Watts was appointed Clerk in 1933 and served until his death in 1952. Howard G. Turner served from 1952 to 1977, Allen L. Lucy from 1977 to 1984, and David B. Beach from 1984 to 2003. Patricia Harrington was appointed in 2003.","The Special Court of Appeals was established by the General Assembly to relieve congestion of the high court docket by adjudicating cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court.  It met from 1924 to 1928.","The Judicial Council was established by the General Assembly in 1928.  It was relatively inactive between 1936 and 1947, when Chief Justice Hudgins revitalized it.","The collection contains correspondence files of the Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, documenting the Clerk's role in managing the records of the Court, maintaining communication with justices in their offices across the state, and managing administrative issues, especially during the period 1933 to 1952.  The collection also contains records documenting the ceremonial history of the court.","Special Court of Appeals records contain correspondence, 1924-1928; recommendations and endorsements, 1924; a draft order designating the first session of the court, 1924; and argument dockets, 1926-1927.","Correspondence regarding the organization of a Special Court of Appeals, 1924-1928, is comprised of the correspondence of Justice Frederick Walker Sims, Court President, 1924-1925, and Justice Robert Prentis, Chief Justice, 1925-1931, with other justices, judges, and legislators. It documents the establishment of a Special Court of Appeals in Virginia and selection of candidates for the Court. Correspondents include state Senators Robert J. Noel, Alfred C. Smith, and W. Worth Smith, Jr., Delegates George A. Bowles, Charles Henry Smith, and Thomas W. Ozlin, Speaker of the House of Delegates; Louis S. Epes, State Corporation Commission; Eppa Hunton, Jr., and Richmond Judge Beverley T. Crump.","This folder contains recommendations and endorsements from bar associations for judges nominated to serve on the Special Court of Appeals: Judge A.T. Browning; Judge Douglas Dabney; Edward W. Hudgins; and Judge Howard W. Smith.","This folder contains two argument dockets, 1926-1927; and three letters pertaining to instructions for correcting and printing the dockets, 1924 and 1926.  One docket lists the style of cause, appellants' counsel, and appellees' counsel; one docket lists style of cause, court, and judge.","Judicial Council correspondence contains correspondence of Chief Justice Prentis, President of the Judicial Council and M.B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court and Secretary of the Judicial Council, 1930-1935; 1946.","These letters document the organization and administration of the Judicial Council and the Council's work in seeking recommendations from lawyers and judges for changes to statues regulating the practice of law in Virginia.  Correspondents include individuals invited to join the Council, representatives of Judicial Councils from other states, and Virginia attorneys and judges proposing changes in laws.  The correspondence includes an exchange between Herbert G. Cochran, Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Judge, and Chief Justice Prentis, 1931, regarding a request for the Council's help with the Virginia State Bar Association's Committee on Organization of the Bar; and a letter from Chief Justice Campbell to Governor Peery, 1935, requesting re-appropriation for the Council in the Governor's budget for 1936.","Correspondence with justices pertains mostly to day-to-day administrative issues, suggestions for editing and copy-editing opinions, and management of court documents.  Some letters from justices to the Clerk include rationales for decisions or opinions, references to court policies, concerns about declining health, and personal matters. The largest correspondence files in the collection contain correspondence between the Clerk and Chief Justice Holt, 1928-1947; Chief Justice Edward Hudgins, 1930-1958; Justice Gregory, 1933-1951; and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1977.","One letter to Judge Stafford G. Whittle accepting appointment to the court, and several letters to Judge Robert Riddick Prentis, 1917-1928. A photograph of Judge Burks found with the letter was separated and cataloged with other photographs of justices.","Correspondence includes references to plans for a new state library and supreme court building, 1938; acqusition of a portrait of Judge Frederick W. Sims, who served on the court from 1916 to 1925; an exchange about Chief Justice Campbell's preference for employing his wife as his stenographer, at no charge to the state, 1936; about the organization of the Virginia State Bar, 1937; and the state art commission and its jurisdiction over the court's acceptance of portraits, 1941.","Includes references to the law library in Staunton, 1959-1960.","Contains correspondence among justices and between Chief Justice Preston Campbell and  Governor John Garland Pollard's about reductions in staff due to the state budget shortfall in 1933.","Includes a broadside from Harrison's campaign for Attorney General and a postcard from his campaign for Governor in 1961.","The series includes one file of correspondence pertaining to portraits of St. George Tucker and Justice Joseph Chinn, a memorial plaque for Judge Paul Carrington, and a portrait of St. George Tucker.  Also included are three folders of Chief Justice Holt's personal correspondence with his children and friends, 1936-1947.","This correspondence includes letters regarding the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1947-1958, including letters from Chief Justice Hudgins protesting legislation pending in 1954 to require the General Assembly's approval of rules adopted by the Judicial Council affecting the practice of law in Virginia.  Also included are Hudgins' letters regarding the admission of foreign attorneys, i.e., not members of the Virginia Bar, to practice in Virginia, 1937-1957; a folder of letters and petitions protesting the Court's decision against a  petition to appeal, on the basis of racial prejudice, the verdict in the Martinsville Seven case, 1949, and one letter in support of the Court's decision; and a letter, 1947, from Chief Justice Hudgins to Maury B. Watts, recommending that Margaret Webb, his law clerk, be allowed to take the full state bar examination.","A file of personal correspondence, 1941-1950, includes a letter from Senator A. Willis Robertson, 1947, responding to Hudgins' inquiry about legislation to help tobacco farmers and protect archaeological findings in the section of the Roanoke River Basin to be flooded by construction of the Buggs Island Dam.  The collection also contains correspondence (4 items) between the Clerk's office and Margaret Hudgins, wife of Chief Justice Hudgins, about his portrait, in 1934; and his health, in 1944.","Includes Justice Miller's copy of a program from the memorial service for John Johnston Parker, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1958 Apr. 22.","The correspondence includes two letters from Judge Frederick Sims elaborating on recent opinions; correspondence pertaining to Justice Prentis' appointment to the U.S. Board of Mediation, 1929; and letters about legal opinions.","The file contains letters pertaining to Snead's appointment to the Court in 1956 and his departure in 1974.  Also is a personal letter from Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell thanking Justice Snead for a dinner given in his honor by the Court in 1972.  The correspondence includes  biographical information about Justice Snead forwarded by the Clerk's office to the Virginia Law Review, 1974.","Correspondence between M.B. Watts, Clerk, and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1969, pertains mostly to Watts' editorial suggestions, research questions, and research advice, and some correspondence about Justice Spratley's law clerks in the early 1940s.  Correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Justice Spratley, 1953-1978, pertains mostly to management of court documents, hiring of law clerks, and court ceremonies.","The files contains Justice Staples' petition for retirement in 1951.","Clerk's general correspondence, 1926-1989, contains administrative correspondence, 1925-1989;  correspondence regarding court anniversaries, 1979-1980; regarding portraits, 1926-1978, and integration of the Virginia State Bar, 1938-1948.","This series includes a folder of letters of application for the position of clerk, 1933, and a letter from Maury Watts about the position, 1933 (Box 13, folder 1); an exchange with Newport News attorney William Davis Butts asking about access to the State Law Library for African Americans, 1950; and correspondence, 1979-1980, from the Virginia State Bar about unauthorized practice of law.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Pertains mostly to procedural issues; includes a booklet, \"Rules of the Supreme Court of Appeals of the State of Virginia,\" 1928, with the signature, \"M.B. Watts\" on the cover.","This correspondence pertains to applications for admission to the bar, certificates of good standing, filing of court records.","These records Document the assignment of costs for filing of court documents.","Includes one folder of \"monies usually paid to clerk paid to L.S. Epes, 5/16/33 to 7/15/33\" (box 13, folder 2).","Correspondence pertains to plans for celebrating the bicentennial of the court's establishment in 1779 and the court's first session in 1780. Included is a copy of the proceedings of the 1979 celebration, and letter from Justice Lewis Powell with corrected galley proofs of his remarks for publication.","Correspondence pertains to commissioning of portraits of justices and copies of portraits for the Court, restoration of portraits, loans, gifts and provenance of portraits, and protocol for the commissioning and hanging of portraits.","The correspondence documents the Court's acquisition of portraits who served before the Virginia Bar Association began donating portraits of each justice to the Court.  It pertains to acquisition of portraits of George Wythe (served 1779-1788); James Mercer (served 1781-1788, 1789-1793); Spencer Roane (served 1795-1822), Drury Hinton (served 1883-1894); Joseph Kelly (served 1915-1924; 1925); Jessie West (served 1922 to 1929); Robert R. Prentis (served 1916-1931); and Louis Epes (served 1929-1935). Correspondence also documents the commissioning and presentation, in 1963, of copies of portraits  by artist Robert Nurnberger of portraits of John Blair (served 1779-1789), William Fleming (served 1781-1824), William T. Joynes (served 1866-1882), Francis T. Brooke (served 1811-1851), and Robert Stanard (served 1839-1846).","Correspondents in this series include Violet McDowell Pollard, Division of the Budget, State Capitol; William Young, conservation and restoration specialist; Robert L. Nurnberger, \nChief Justices Edward Hudgins, C. Vernon Spratley, and John W. Eggleston; Philip N. Stern, Chairman and Secretary of the Art Commission of Virginia; Governor Mills E. Godwin, William M. Blackwell, Chairman, Virginia Bar Association Committee on Portraits, Judge John N. Kenna, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; D.V. Chapman, Jr., and H.E. Gassman, Superintendents, Grounds and Buildings, Commonwealth of Virginia; and Leo Fox, alias Charles J. Fox.  Fox was a purveyor of portraits copied from photographs by an anonymous painter and sold as originals.","Primarily correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Margaret Archer, Librarian of the State Law Library in Staunton. Includes an inventory of the furnishings and books in the offices and library of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton, 1953.","Includes lists of books loaned to the Wythe County Circuit Court and transferred to the State Law Library in Richmond; and a copy of the contract, 1902, for rent of the Courthouse at Wytheville.","Contains memos, letters, reports, and proposed legislation pertaining to the integration of the Virginia State Bar.  Includes a stenographic report (transcript) of a meeting of the Committee of Forty on Bar Integration at Sweetbriar College, July 1938, and a \"meeting before the meeting.\" Alson contains the printed report of the Committees on Integration of the Virginia State Bar, September 8, 1938; and recommendations and suggestions from members of the bar in response to the report, October 1938.","Maury B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1933 to 1954, was associated with Appeals Press, in Richmond, which published Carrington's book, A History of Halifax County, in 1924. The correspondence pertains to marketing and sales of the book.","This series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes.","This series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings.","This series contains programs, speeches, transcripts, and correspondence documenting celebrations of court anniversaries and building dedications.","Program and addresses.","Programs and speeches.","Henrico County Circuit Court order commemorating the anniversary.","Program.","Correspondence and transcript of ceremony.","Programs, draft speeches, transcript, invitation, and certificate of recognition.","Invitation and program.","This series contains programs from admission ceremonies, held at the Hotel John Marshall in Richmond, for attorneys at law qualifying to practice in the Supreme Court of Virginia and all courts in the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Speeches honoring individuals or explaining the functions of the Court.","Informational pamphlets published by the Supreme Court of Virginia: Virginia Courts in Brief, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Clippings about the closing of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton in 1972; and photographs of the Judicial Conference, undated, published in the Virginia Bar News.","This series contains court orders, architectural plans, and memos.","Various court documents and other records filed with records from the Clerk's office.  Includes copies, undated, of pages of the Supreme Court of Appeals order book, 1785 and 1810; motions, jury instructions, a biographical sketch of John Blair, originally published in the Virginia Bar Association annual report, 1927; a resolution thanking Justice Hudgins for his assistance furnishing the new court building, 1940; jury instructions, and a memo from Justice Lacy to the other justices about multi-jurisdictional practice, 2001.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals.","Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"collection_ssim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records,\n1918-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00028513"],"unitid_tesim":["00028513"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals."],"creators_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931.","Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred from the Clerk's office to the State Law Library in 2006.","Portions of the collection were found in other files after the collection was initially processed and interfiled or added in 2012 and 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clerks of court -- Virginia.","Court administration -- Virginia.","Court rules -- Virginia.","Courts -- Virginia.","Judges -- Virginia -- Biography.","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Judicial opinions -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Judicial process -- Virginia.","Judicial records -- Virginia.","Lawyers -- Virginia.","Martinsville Seven Trial Martinsville, Va., 1949.","Booklets -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Building plans -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Ceremonies -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Clippings (information artifacts) -- Virginia.","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Dedications (ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Invitations -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Memorandums -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Oaths -- Virginia.","Obituaries -- Virginia.","Portraits -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Presentations (cultural ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Resolutions (administrative records) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Souvenir programs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Staunton.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Wytheville.","Speeches -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Transcripts -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clerks of court -- Virginia.","Court administration -- Virginia.","Court rules -- Virginia.","Courts -- Virginia.","Judges -- Virginia -- Biography.","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Judicial opinions -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Judicial process -- Virginia.","Judicial records -- Virginia.","Lawyers -- Virginia.","Martinsville Seven Trial Martinsville, Va., 1949.","Booklets -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Building plans -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Ceremonies -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Clippings (information artifacts) -- Virginia.","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Dedications (ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Invitations -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Memorandums -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Oaths -- Virginia.","Obituaries -- Virginia.","Portraits -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Presentations (cultural ceremonies) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Resolutions (administrative records) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Souvenir programs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Staunton.","Special libraries (institutions) -- Virginia -- Wytheville.","Speeches -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Transcripts -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.8 cu. ft. (13 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: Special Court of Appeals records, 1924-1928; Judicial Council correspondence, 1930-1935; 1946; clerk's correspondence with justices, 1917-2005; clerk's general correspondence, 1929-1981; subject files documenting court ceremonies (investitutures, portrait presentations, memorials), anniversaries,  and building dedications, 1925-2006; justices' speeches, 1931-1975; court publications, 1983; clippings, 1972; and miscellaneous records, 1936-2005.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into the following series: Special Court of Appeals records, 1924-1928; Judicial Council correspondence, 1930-1935; 1946; clerk's correspondence with justices, 1917-2005; clerk's general correspondence, 1929-1981; subject files documenting court ceremonies (investitutures, portrait presentations, memorials), anniversaries,  and building dedications, 1925-2006; justices' speeches, 1931-1975; court publications, 1983; clippings, 1972; and miscellaneous records, 1936-2005.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Chronological.","Alphabetical.","Alphabetical.","Chronological.","Chronological."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature.\nThe Constitution of 1870 required that annual sessions be held away from Richmond in the localities of Wytheville, Staunton, and Winchester. This mandate from the days of horse and buggy travel continued into the twentieth century, with sessions being held in Staunton as late as September, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBy Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed. Virginia does not allow an appeal to the Supreme Court as a matter of right except in cases involving the State Corporation Commission, certain disciplinary actions against an attorney, and review of\nthe death penalty.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Court's original jurisdiction is limited to cases of habeas corpus (ordering one holding custody to produce the detained person before the Court for the purpose of determining whether such custody is proper), mandamus (ordering the holder of an office to perform his duty), prohibition (ordering a public\nofficial to stop an action), and actual innocence (based on biological testing). The Supreme Court also has\noriginal jurisdiction in matters filed by the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission relating to judicial\ncensure and retirement, and removal of judges.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMaury B. Watts was appointed Clerk in 1933 and served until his death in 1952. Howard G. Turner served from 1952 to 1977, Allen L. Lucy from 1977 to 1984, and David B. Beach from 1984 to 2003. Patricia Harrington was appointed in 2003.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Court of Appeals was established by the General Assembly to relieve congestion of the high court docket by adjudicating cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court.  It met from 1924 to 1928.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Judicial Council was established by the General Assembly in 1928.  It was relatively inactive between 1936 and 1947, when Chief Justice Hudgins revitalized it.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature.\nThe Constitution of 1870 required that annual sessions be held away from Richmond in the localities of Wytheville, Staunton, and Winchester. This mandate from the days of horse and buggy travel continued into the twentieth century, with sessions being held in Staunton as late as September, 1970.","By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed. Virginia does not allow an appeal to the Supreme Court as a matter of right except in cases involving the State Corporation Commission, certain disciplinary actions against an attorney, and review of\nthe death penalty.","The Court's original jurisdiction is limited to cases of habeas corpus (ordering one holding custody to produce the detained person before the Court for the purpose of determining whether such custody is proper), mandamus (ordering the holder of an office to perform his duty), prohibition (ordering a public\nofficial to stop an action), and actual innocence (based on biological testing). The Supreme Court also has\noriginal jurisdiction in matters filed by the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission relating to judicial\ncensure and retirement, and removal of judges.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","Maury B. Watts was appointed Clerk in 1933 and served until his death in 1952. Howard G. Turner served from 1952 to 1977, Allen L. Lucy from 1977 to 1984, and David B. Beach from 1984 to 2003. Patricia Harrington was appointed in 2003.","The Special Court of Appeals was established by the General Assembly to relieve congestion of the high court docket by adjudicating cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court.  It met from 1924 to 1928.","The Judicial Council was established by the General Assembly in 1928.  It was relatively inactive between 1936 and 1947, when Chief Justice Hudgins revitalized it."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClerk's Correspondence and other Records, 1918-2006, Accession #00028513, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Clerk's Correspondence and other Records, 1918-2006, Accession #00028513, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence files of the Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, documenting the Clerk's role in managing the records of the Court, maintaining communication with justices in their offices across the state, and managing administrative issues, especially during the period 1933 to 1952.  The collection also contains records documenting the ceremonial history of the court.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Court of Appeals records contain correspondence, 1924-1928; recommendations and endorsements, 1924; a draft order designating the first session of the court, 1924; and argument dockets, 1926-1927.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence regarding the organization of a Special Court of Appeals, 1924-1928, is comprised of the correspondence of Justice Frederick Walker Sims, Court President, 1924-1925, and Justice Robert Prentis, Chief Justice, 1925-1931, with other justices, judges, and legislators. It documents the establishment of a Special Court of Appeals in Virginia and selection of candidates for the Court. Correspondents include state Senators Robert J. Noel, Alfred C. Smith, and W. Worth Smith, Jr., Delegates George A. Bowles, Charles Henry Smith, and Thomas W. Ozlin, Speaker of the House of Delegates; Louis S. Epes, State Corporation Commission; Eppa Hunton, Jr., and Richmond Judge Beverley T. Crump.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains recommendations and endorsements from bar associations for judges nominated to serve on the Special Court of Appeals: Judge A.T. Browning; Judge Douglas Dabney; Edward W. Hudgins; and Judge Howard W. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains two argument dockets, 1926-1927; and three letters pertaining to instructions for correcting and printing the dockets, 1924 and 1926.  One docket lists the style of cause, appellants' counsel, and appellees' counsel; one docket lists style of cause, court, and judge.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eJudicial Council correspondence contains correspondence of Chief Justice Prentis, President of the Judicial Council and M.B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court and Secretary of the Judicial Council, 1930-1935; 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003e These letters document the organization and administration of the Judicial Council and the Council's work in seeking recommendations from lawyers and judges for changes to statues regulating the practice of law in Virginia.  Correspondents include individuals invited to join the Council, representatives of Judicial Councils from other states, and Virginia attorneys and judges proposing changes in laws.  The correspondence includes an exchange between Herbert G. Cochran, Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Judge, and Chief Justice Prentis, 1931, regarding a request for the Council's help with the Virginia State Bar Association's Committee on Organization of the Bar; and a letter from Chief Justice Campbell to Governor Peery, 1935, requesting re-appropriation for the Council in the Governor's budget for 1936.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with justices pertains mostly to day-to-day administrative issues, suggestions for editing and copy-editing opinions, and management of court documents.  Some letters from justices to the Clerk include rationales for decisions or opinions, references to court policies, concerns about declining health, and personal matters. The largest correspondence files in the collection contain correspondence between the Clerk and Chief Justice Holt, 1928-1947; Chief Justice Edward Hudgins, 1930-1958; Justice Gregory, 1933-1951; and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1977.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eOne letter to Judge Stafford G. Whittle accepting appointment to the court, and several letters to Judge Robert Riddick Prentis, 1917-1928. A photograph of Judge Burks found with the letter was separated and cataloged with other photographs of justices.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes references to plans for a new state library and supreme court building, 1938; acqusition of a portrait of Judge Frederick W. Sims, who served on the court from 1916 to 1925; an exchange about Chief Justice Campbell's preference for employing his wife as his stenographer, at no charge to the state, 1936; about the organization of the Virginia State Bar, 1937; and the state art commission and its jurisdiction over the court's acceptance of portraits, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes references to the law library in Staunton, 1959-1960.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence among justices and between Chief Justice Preston Campbell and  Governor John Garland Pollard's about reductions in staff due to the state budget shortfall in 1933.  \u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a broadside from Harrison's campaign for Attorney General and a postcard from his campaign for Governor in 1961.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe series includes one file of correspondence pertaining to portraits of St. George Tucker and Justice Joseph Chinn, a memorial plaque for Judge Paul Carrington, and a portrait of St. George Tucker.  Also included are three folders of Chief Justice Holt's personal correspondence with his children and friends, 1936-1947.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis correspondence includes letters regarding the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1947-1958, including letters from Chief Justice Hudgins protesting legislation pending in 1954 to require the General Assembly's approval of rules adopted by the Judicial Council affecting the practice of law in Virginia.  Also included are Hudgins' letters regarding the admission of foreign attorneys, i.e., not members of the Virginia Bar, to practice in Virginia, 1937-1957; a folder of letters and petitions protesting the Court's decision against a  petition to appeal, on the basis of racial prejudice, the verdict in the Martinsville Seven case, 1949, and one letter in support of the Court's decision; and a letter, 1947, from Chief Justice Hudgins to Maury B. Watts, recommending that Margaret Webb, his law clerk, be allowed to take the full state bar examination.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eA file of personal correspondence, 1941-1950, includes a letter from Senator A. Willis Robertson, 1947, responding to Hudgins' inquiry about legislation to help tobacco farmers and protect archaeological findings in the section of the Roanoke River Basin to be flooded by construction of the Buggs Island Dam.  The collection also contains correspondence (4 items) between the Clerk's office and Margaret Hudgins, wife of Chief Justice Hudgins, about his portrait, in 1934; and his health, in 1944.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Justice Miller's copy of a program from the memorial service for John Johnston Parker, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1958 Apr. 22.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence includes two letters from Judge Frederick Sims elaborating on recent opinions; correspondence pertaining to Justice Prentis' appointment to the U.S. Board of Mediation, 1929; and letters about legal opinions.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe file contains letters pertaining to Snead's appointment to the Court in 1956 and his departure in 1974.  Also is a personal letter from Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell thanking Justice Snead for a dinner given in his honor by the Court in 1972.  The correspondence includes  biographical information about Justice Snead forwarded by the Clerk's office to the Virginia Law Review, 1974. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between M.B. Watts, Clerk, and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1969, pertains mostly to Watts' editorial suggestions, research questions, and research advice, and some correspondence about Justice Spratley's law clerks in the early 1940s.  Correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Justice Spratley, 1953-1978, pertains mostly to management of court documents, hiring of law clerks, and court ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThe files contains Justice Staples' petition for retirement in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eClerk's general correspondence, 1926-1989, contains administrative correspondence, 1925-1989;  correspondence regarding court anniversaries, 1979-1980; regarding portraits, 1926-1978, and integration of the Virginia State Bar, 1938-1948.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a folder of letters of application for the position of clerk, 1933, and a letter from Maury Watts about the position, 1933 (Box 13, folder 1); an exchange with Newport News attorney William Davis Butts asking about access to the State Law Library for African Americans, 1950; and correspondence, 1979-1980, from the Virginia State Bar about unauthorized practice of law.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eSmales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eSmales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePertains mostly to procedural issues; includes a booklet, \"Rules of the Supreme Court of Appeals of the State of Virginia,\" 1928, with the signature, \"M.B. Watts\" on the cover.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis correspondence pertains to applications for admission to the bar, certificates of good standing, filing of court records.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThese records Document the assignment of costs for filing of court documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one folder of \"monies usually paid to clerk paid to L.S. Epes, 5/16/33 to 7/15/33\" (box 13, folder 2). \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence pertains to plans for celebrating the bicentennial of the court's establishment in 1779 and the court's first session in 1780. Included is a copy of the proceedings of the 1979 celebration, and letter from Justice Lewis Powell with corrected galley proofs of his remarks for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence pertains to commissioning of portraits of justices and copies of portraits for the Court, restoration of portraits, loans, gifts and provenance of portraits, and protocol for the commissioning and hanging of portraits.\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence documents the Court's acquisition of portraits who served before the Virginia Bar Association began donating portraits of each justice to the Court.  It pertains to acquisition of portraits of George Wythe (served 1779-1788); James Mercer (served 1781-1788, 1789-1793); Spencer Roane (served 1795-1822), Drury Hinton (served 1883-1894); Joseph Kelly (served 1915-1924; 1925); Jessie West (served 1922 to 1929); Robert R. Prentis (served 1916-1931); and Louis Epes (served 1929-1935). Correspondence also documents the commissioning and presentation, in 1963, of copies of portraits  by artist Robert Nurnberger of portraits of John Blair (served 1779-1789), William Fleming (served 1781-1824), William T. Joynes (served 1866-1882), Francis T. Brooke (served 1811-1851), and Robert Stanard (served 1839-1846).\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents in this series include Violet McDowell Pollard, Division of the Budget, State Capitol; William Young, conservation and restoration specialist; Robert L. Nurnberger, \nChief Justices Edward Hudgins, C. Vernon Spratley, and John W. Eggleston; Philip N. Stern, Chairman and Secretary of the Art Commission of Virginia; Governor Mills E. Godwin, William M. Blackwell, Chairman, Virginia Bar Association Committee on Portraits, Judge John N. Kenna, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; D.V. Chapman, Jr., and H.E. Gassman, Superintendents, Grounds and Buildings, Commonwealth of Virginia; and Leo Fox, alias Charles J. Fox.  Fox was a purveyor of portraits copied from photographs by an anonymous painter and sold as originals.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePrimarily correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Margaret Archer, Librarian of the State Law Library in Staunton. Includes an inventory of the furnishings and books in the offices and library of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton, 1953.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes lists of books loaned to the Wythe County Circuit Court and transferred to the State Law Library in Richmond; and a copy of the contract, 1902, for rent of the Courthouse at Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eContains memos, letters, reports, and proposed legislation pertaining to the integration of the Virginia State Bar.  Includes a stenographic report (transcript) of a meeting of the Committee of Forty on Bar Integration at Sweetbriar College, July 1938, and a \"meeting before the meeting.\" Alson contains the printed report of the Committees on Integration of the Virginia State Bar, September 8, 1938; and recommendations and suggestions from members of the bar in response to the report, October 1938.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eMaury B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1933 to 1954, was associated with Appeals Press, in Richmond, which published Carrington's book, A History of Halifax County, in 1924. The correspondence pertains to marketing and sales of the book.\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains programs, speeches, transcripts, and correspondence documenting celebrations of court anniversaries and building dedications.\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eProgram and addresses.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePrograms and speeches.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eHenrico County Circuit Court order commemorating the anniversary. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eProgram. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and transcript of ceremony.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003ePrograms, draft speeches, transcript, invitation, and certificate of recognition.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eInvitation and program.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e\n          ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains programs from admission ceremonies, held at the Hotel John Marshall in Richmond, for attorneys at law qualifying to practice in the Supreme Court of Virginia and all courts in the Commonwealth of Virginia.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches honoring individuals or explaining the functions of the Court. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eInformational pamphlets published by the Supreme Court of Virginia: Virginia Courts in Brief, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eClippings about the closing of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton in 1972; and photographs of the Judicial Conference, undated, published in the Virginia Bar News.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains court orders, architectural plans, and memos.    \n\u003c/p\u003e\n        ","\u003cp\u003eVarious court documents and other records filed with records from the Clerk's office.  Includes copies, undated, of pages of the Supreme Court of Appeals order book, 1785 and 1810; motions, jury instructions, a biographical sketch of John Blair, originally published in the Virginia Bar Association annual report, 1927; a resolution thanking Justice Hudgins for his assistance furnishing the new court building, 1940; jury instructions, and a memo from Justice Lacy to the other justices about multi-jurisdictional practice, 2001.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence files of the Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, documenting the Clerk's role in managing the records of the Court, maintaining communication with justices in their offices across the state, and managing administrative issues, especially during the period 1933 to 1952.  The collection also contains records documenting the ceremonial history of the court.","Special Court of Appeals records contain correspondence, 1924-1928; recommendations and endorsements, 1924; a draft order designating the first session of the court, 1924; and argument dockets, 1926-1927.","Correspondence regarding the organization of a Special Court of Appeals, 1924-1928, is comprised of the correspondence of Justice Frederick Walker Sims, Court President, 1924-1925, and Justice Robert Prentis, Chief Justice, 1925-1931, with other justices, judges, and legislators. It documents the establishment of a Special Court of Appeals in Virginia and selection of candidates for the Court. Correspondents include state Senators Robert J. Noel, Alfred C. Smith, and W. Worth Smith, Jr., Delegates George A. Bowles, Charles Henry Smith, and Thomas W. Ozlin, Speaker of the House of Delegates; Louis S. Epes, State Corporation Commission; Eppa Hunton, Jr., and Richmond Judge Beverley T. Crump.","This folder contains recommendations and endorsements from bar associations for judges nominated to serve on the Special Court of Appeals: Judge A.T. Browning; Judge Douglas Dabney; Edward W. Hudgins; and Judge Howard W. Smith.","This folder contains two argument dockets, 1926-1927; and three letters pertaining to instructions for correcting and printing the dockets, 1924 and 1926.  One docket lists the style of cause, appellants' counsel, and appellees' counsel; one docket lists style of cause, court, and judge.","Judicial Council correspondence contains correspondence of Chief Justice Prentis, President of the Judicial Council and M.B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court and Secretary of the Judicial Council, 1930-1935; 1946.","These letters document the organization and administration of the Judicial Council and the Council's work in seeking recommendations from lawyers and judges for changes to statues regulating the practice of law in Virginia.  Correspondents include individuals invited to join the Council, representatives of Judicial Councils from other states, and Virginia attorneys and judges proposing changes in laws.  The correspondence includes an exchange between Herbert G. Cochran, Norfolk Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court Judge, and Chief Justice Prentis, 1931, regarding a request for the Council's help with the Virginia State Bar Association's Committee on Organization of the Bar; and a letter from Chief Justice Campbell to Governor Peery, 1935, requesting re-appropriation for the Council in the Governor's budget for 1936.","Correspondence with justices pertains mostly to day-to-day administrative issues, suggestions for editing and copy-editing opinions, and management of court documents.  Some letters from justices to the Clerk include rationales for decisions or opinions, references to court policies, concerns about declining health, and personal matters. The largest correspondence files in the collection contain correspondence between the Clerk and Chief Justice Holt, 1928-1947; Chief Justice Edward Hudgins, 1930-1958; Justice Gregory, 1933-1951; and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1977.","One letter to Judge Stafford G. Whittle accepting appointment to the court, and several letters to Judge Robert Riddick Prentis, 1917-1928. A photograph of Judge Burks found with the letter was separated and cataloged with other photographs of justices.","Correspondence includes references to plans for a new state library and supreme court building, 1938; acqusition of a portrait of Judge Frederick W. Sims, who served on the court from 1916 to 1925; an exchange about Chief Justice Campbell's preference for employing his wife as his stenographer, at no charge to the state, 1936; about the organization of the Virginia State Bar, 1937; and the state art commission and its jurisdiction over the court's acceptance of portraits, 1941.","Includes references to the law library in Staunton, 1959-1960.","Contains correspondence among justices and between Chief Justice Preston Campbell and  Governor John Garland Pollard's about reductions in staff due to the state budget shortfall in 1933.","Includes a broadside from Harrison's campaign for Attorney General and a postcard from his campaign for Governor in 1961.","The series includes one file of correspondence pertaining to portraits of St. George Tucker and Justice Joseph Chinn, a memorial plaque for Judge Paul Carrington, and a portrait of St. George Tucker.  Also included are three folders of Chief Justice Holt's personal correspondence with his children and friends, 1936-1947.","This correspondence includes letters regarding the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1947-1958, including letters from Chief Justice Hudgins protesting legislation pending in 1954 to require the General Assembly's approval of rules adopted by the Judicial Council affecting the practice of law in Virginia.  Also included are Hudgins' letters regarding the admission of foreign attorneys, i.e., not members of the Virginia Bar, to practice in Virginia, 1937-1957; a folder of letters and petitions protesting the Court's decision against a  petition to appeal, on the basis of racial prejudice, the verdict in the Martinsville Seven case, 1949, and one letter in support of the Court's decision; and a letter, 1947, from Chief Justice Hudgins to Maury B. Watts, recommending that Margaret Webb, his law clerk, be allowed to take the full state bar examination.","A file of personal correspondence, 1941-1950, includes a letter from Senator A. Willis Robertson, 1947, responding to Hudgins' inquiry about legislation to help tobacco farmers and protect archaeological findings in the section of the Roanoke River Basin to be flooded by construction of the Buggs Island Dam.  The collection also contains correspondence (4 items) between the Clerk's office and Margaret Hudgins, wife of Chief Justice Hudgins, about his portrait, in 1934; and his health, in 1944.","Includes Justice Miller's copy of a program from the memorial service for John Johnston Parker, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1958 Apr. 22.","The correspondence includes two letters from Judge Frederick Sims elaborating on recent opinions; correspondence pertaining to Justice Prentis' appointment to the U.S. Board of Mediation, 1929; and letters about legal opinions.","The file contains letters pertaining to Snead's appointment to the Court in 1956 and his departure in 1974.  Also is a personal letter from Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell thanking Justice Snead for a dinner given in his honor by the Court in 1972.  The correspondence includes  biographical information about Justice Snead forwarded by the Clerk's office to the Virginia Law Review, 1974.","Correspondence between M.B. Watts, Clerk, and Justice C. Vernon Spratley, 1936-1969, pertains mostly to Watts' editorial suggestions, research questions, and research advice, and some correspondence about Justice Spratley's law clerks in the early 1940s.  Correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Justice Spratley, 1953-1978, pertains mostly to management of court documents, hiring of law clerks, and court ceremonies.","The files contains Justice Staples' petition for retirement in 1951.","Clerk's general correspondence, 1926-1989, contains administrative correspondence, 1925-1989;  correspondence regarding court anniversaries, 1979-1980; regarding portraits, 1926-1978, and integration of the Virginia State Bar, 1938-1948.","This series includes a folder of letters of application for the position of clerk, 1933, and a letter from Maury Watts about the position, 1933 (Box 13, folder 1); an exchange with Newport News attorney William Davis Butts asking about access to the State Law Library for African Americans, 1950; and correspondence, 1979-1980, from the Virginia State Bar about unauthorized practice of law.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Smales was the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton.","Pertains mostly to procedural issues; includes a booklet, \"Rules of the Supreme Court of Appeals of the State of Virginia,\" 1928, with the signature, \"M.B. Watts\" on the cover.","This correspondence pertains to applications for admission to the bar, certificates of good standing, filing of court records.","These records Document the assignment of costs for filing of court documents.","Includes one folder of \"monies usually paid to clerk paid to L.S. Epes, 5/16/33 to 7/15/33\" (box 13, folder 2).","Correspondence pertains to plans for celebrating the bicentennial of the court's establishment in 1779 and the court's first session in 1780. Included is a copy of the proceedings of the 1979 celebration, and letter from Justice Lewis Powell with corrected galley proofs of his remarks for publication.","Correspondence pertains to commissioning of portraits of justices and copies of portraits for the Court, restoration of portraits, loans, gifts and provenance of portraits, and protocol for the commissioning and hanging of portraits.","The correspondence documents the Court's acquisition of portraits who served before the Virginia Bar Association began donating portraits of each justice to the Court.  It pertains to acquisition of portraits of George Wythe (served 1779-1788); James Mercer (served 1781-1788, 1789-1793); Spencer Roane (served 1795-1822), Drury Hinton (served 1883-1894); Joseph Kelly (served 1915-1924; 1925); Jessie West (served 1922 to 1929); Robert R. Prentis (served 1916-1931); and Louis Epes (served 1929-1935). Correspondence also documents the commissioning and presentation, in 1963, of copies of portraits  by artist Robert Nurnberger of portraits of John Blair (served 1779-1789), William Fleming (served 1781-1824), William T. Joynes (served 1866-1882), Francis T. Brooke (served 1811-1851), and Robert Stanard (served 1839-1846).","Correspondents in this series include Violet McDowell Pollard, Division of the Budget, State Capitol; William Young, conservation and restoration specialist; Robert L. Nurnberger, \nChief Justices Edward Hudgins, C. Vernon Spratley, and John W. Eggleston; Philip N. Stern, Chairman and Secretary of the Art Commission of Virginia; Governor Mills E. Godwin, William M. Blackwell, Chairman, Virginia Bar Association Committee on Portraits, Judge John N. Kenna, West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals; D.V. Chapman, Jr., and H.E. Gassman, Superintendents, Grounds and Buildings, Commonwealth of Virginia; and Leo Fox, alias Charles J. Fox.  Fox was a purveyor of portraits copied from photographs by an anonymous painter and sold as originals.","Primarily correspondence between Howard G. Turner, Clerk, and Margaret Archer, Librarian of the State Law Library in Staunton. Includes an inventory of the furnishings and books in the offices and library of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton, 1953.","Includes lists of books loaned to the Wythe County Circuit Court and transferred to the State Law Library in Richmond; and a copy of the contract, 1902, for rent of the Courthouse at Wytheville.","Contains memos, letters, reports, and proposed legislation pertaining to the integration of the Virginia State Bar.  Includes a stenographic report (transcript) of a meeting of the Committee of Forty on Bar Integration at Sweetbriar College, July 1938, and a \"meeting before the meeting.\" Alson contains the printed report of the Committees on Integration of the Virginia State Bar, September 8, 1938; and recommendations and suggestions from members of the bar in response to the report, October 1938.","Maury B. Watts, Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1933 to 1954, was associated with Appeals Press, in Richmond, which published Carrington's book, A History of Halifax County, in 1924. The correspondence pertains to marketing and sales of the book.","This series contains subject files documenting swearing-in ceremonies and investitures. It contains invitations, programs, oaths of office, transcripts of ceremonies, speeches and remarks, and sometimes seating charts and ceremony planning notes.","This series contains materials documenting portrait presentations and memorial ceremonies honoring justices and other officers of the Supreme Court of Virginia. The files contain invitations, programs, transcripts of ceremonies, including remarks; printed memorials, resolutions of appreciation (legislative and judicial), and in some cases planning notes, seating charts, and newspaper clippings.","This series contains programs, speeches, transcripts, and correspondence documenting celebrations of court anniversaries and building dedications.","Program and addresses.","Programs and speeches.","Henrico County Circuit Court order commemorating the anniversary.","Program.","Correspondence and transcript of ceremony.","Programs, draft speeches, transcript, invitation, and certificate of recognition.","Invitation and program.","This series contains programs from admission ceremonies, held at the Hotel John Marshall in Richmond, for attorneys at law qualifying to practice in the Supreme Court of Virginia and all courts in the Commonwealth of Virginia.","Speeches honoring individuals or explaining the functions of the Court.","Informational pamphlets published by the Supreme Court of Virginia: Virginia Courts in Brief, and the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Clippings about the closing of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Staunton in 1972; and photographs of the Judicial Conference, undated, published in the Virginia Bar News.","This series contains court orders, architectural plans, and memos.","Various court documents and other records filed with records from the Clerk's office.  Includes copies, undated, of pages of the Supreme Court of Appeals order book, 1785 and 1810; motions, jury instructions, a biographical sketch of John Blair, originally published in the Virginia Bar Association annual report, 1927; a resolution thanking Justice Hudgins for his assistance furnishing the new court building, 1940; jury instructions, and a memo from Justice Lacy to the other justices about multi-jurisdictional practice, 2001."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals."],"persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931."],"names_ssim":["Appeals Press (Richmond, Va.)","Judicial Council of Virginia.","Richmond Association of Attorneys' Wives (Richmond, Va.).","Virginia. Art Commission.","Virginia. Court of Appeals.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Organization of the Bar.","Virginia State Bar Association. Committee on Portraits.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History. 20th century.","Virginia. Special Court of Appeals.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","Virginia. Supreme Court of Appeals.","Agee, G. Steven (George Steven), 1952-.","Archer, Margaret.","Beach, David Bernard.","Brown, John, 1830-1901.","Browning, George Landon, 1867-1947.","Buchanan, Archibald Chapman, 1890-1979.","Burks, Martin Parks, 1851-1928.","Butts, William Davis.","Campbell, Preston White, 1874-1946.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-.","Carrington, Paul, 1733-1818.","Carrington, Wirt Johnton Turner, 1845-1928.","Chichester, R.H.L. (Richard Henry Lee), 1870-1930.","Chinn, Joseph William, 1866-1936.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Compton, A. Christian (Asbury Christian), 1929-2006.","Crump, Beverly, b. 1854.","Eggleston, John William, 1886-1976.","Epes, Louis Spencer, 1882-1935.","Fox, Leo.","Gordon, Thomas Christian, 1915-2003.","Gregory, Herbert Bailey, 1884-1951.","Hade, Karl Robert.","Harman, Alexander Marrs, 1921-1996.","Harrington, Patricia Leas.","Harrison, Albertis Sydney, 1907-1995.","Hassell, Leroy Rountree, 1955-2011.","Holt, Henry Winston, 1864-1947.","Hudgins, Edward Wren, 1882-1958.","Hunton, Eppa, 1855-1932.","I'Anson, L. Warren (Lawrence Warren), 1907-1990.","Keenan, Barbara Milano, 1950-.","Keith, James, 1839-1918.","Kinser, Cynthia D. (Cynthia Diana Fannon), 1951-.","Koontz, Lawrence Larkins, 1940-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Lemons, Donald W., 1949-.","Lucy, Allen L.","Mercer, James, 1736-1793.","Miller, Willis Dance, 1893-1960.","Moncure, William A., 1863-1947.","Nurnberger, Robert.","Ozlin, Thomas W.","Peery, George Campbell, 1873-1952.","Poff, Richard Harding, 1923-2011.","Powell, Lewis F., 1908-1998.","Prentis, Robert Riddick, 1855-1931.","Russell, Charles Stevens, 1926-.","Sims, Frederick Wilmer, 1862-1925.","Smales, W.W.","Smith, Alfred C.","Smith, Charles Henry.","Smith, Lemuel Franklin, 1890-1956.","Smith, W. Worth.","Snead, Harold Fleming, 1903-1987.","Spratley, Claude Vernon, 1936-1967.","Staples, Abram P. (Abram Penn), 1885-1951.","Stephenson, Roscoe Bolar, 1922-2011.","Thomas, John Charles, 1950-.","Thompson, W. Carrington (William Carrington), 1915-2011.","Taylor, George, active 1785-1810.","Tucker, St. George, 1752-1827.","Turner, Howard G., 1910-1992.","Watts, Maury B., 1879-1952.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Whittle, Kennon Caithness, 1891-1967.","Whittle, Stafford Gorman, 1849-1931."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":134,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00001_c06"}},{"id":"vil_vil00003","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00003#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00003#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00003#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vil_vil00003","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00003","_root_":"vil_vil00003","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00003.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007","00028932","Judges--Virginia.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century.","Clerks of court -- Virginia -- 20th century.","Oaths -- Virginia.","0.45 cu. ft. (1 box)","Collection is open to research.","Alphabetical.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed.","Section 49-1 of the Code of Virginia requires justices to take an oath as on officer of the Commonwealth.  Pursuant to Section 49-3 of the Code of Virginia, justices may be sworn in by a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of record; a judge of a district court; the Secretary of the Commonwealth, or a State Corporation Commissioner.  Justices are elected by the legislature to 12-year terms.  Chief justices are elected by a majority vote of the other Supreme court justices and serve a four-year term.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","The collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00028932"],"unitid_tesim":["00028932"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creators_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred from the Clerk's office to the State Law Library in 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Judges--Virginia.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century.","Clerks of court -- Virginia -- 20th century.","Oaths -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Judges--Virginia.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century.","Clerks of court -- Virginia -- 20th century.","Oaths -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Alphabetical."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSection 49-1 of the Code of Virginia requires justices to take an oath as on officer of the Commonwealth.  Pursuant to Section 49-3 of the Code of Virginia, justices may be sworn in by a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of record; a judge of a district court; the Secretary of the Commonwealth, or a State Corporation Commissioner.  Justices are elected by the legislature to 12-year terms.  Chief justices are elected by a majority vote of the other Supreme court justices and serve a four-year term.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed.","Section 49-1 of the Code of Virginia requires justices to take an oath as on officer of the Commonwealth.  Pursuant to Section 49-3 of the Code of Virginia, justices may be sworn in by a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of record; a judge of a district court; the Secretary of the Commonwealth, or a State Corporation Commissioner.  Justices are elected by the legislature to 12-year terms.  Chief justices are elected by a majority vote of the other Supreme court justices and serve a four-year term.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, 1935-1985; 2007, Accession #00028932, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, 1935-1985; 2007, Accession #00028932, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00003","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00003","_root_":"vil_vil00003","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00003.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007","00028932","Judges--Virginia.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century.","Clerks of court -- Virginia -- 20th century.","Oaths -- Virginia.","0.45 cu. ft. (1 box)","Collection is open to research.","Alphabetical.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed.","Section 49-1 of the Code of Virginia requires justices to take an oath as on officer of the Commonwealth.  Pursuant to Section 49-3 of the Code of Virginia, justices may be sworn in by a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of record; a judge of a district court; the Secretary of the Commonwealth, or a State Corporation Commissioner.  Justices are elected by the legislature to 12-year terms.  Chief justices are elected by a majority vote of the other Supreme court justices and serve a four-year term.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","The collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, \n1935-1985; 2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00028932"],"unitid_tesim":["00028932"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creators_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred from the Clerk's office to the State Law Library in 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Judges--Virginia.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century.","Clerks of court -- Virginia -- 20th century.","Oaths -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Judges--Virginia.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century.","Clerks of court -- Virginia -- 20th century.","Oaths -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Alphabetical."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSection 49-1 of the Code of Virginia requires justices to take an oath as on officer of the Commonwealth.  Pursuant to Section 49-3 of the Code of Virginia, justices may be sworn in by a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of record; a judge of a district court; the Secretary of the Commonwealth, or a State Corporation Commissioner.  Justices are elected by the legislature to 12-year terms.  Chief justices are elected by a majority vote of the other Supreme court justices and serve a four-year term.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Although the Supreme Court of Virginia possesses both original and appellate jurisdiction, its primary function is to review decisions of lower courts, including the Court of Appeals, from which appeals have been allowed.","Section 49-1 of the Code of Virginia requires justices to take an oath as on officer of the Commonwealth.  Pursuant to Section 49-3 of the Code of Virginia, justices may be sworn in by a judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of record; a judge of a district court; the Secretary of the Commonwealth, or a State Corporation Commissioner.  Justices are elected by the legislature to 12-year terms.  Chief justices are elected by a majority vote of the other Supreme court justices and serve a four-year term.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Clerk's Office receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court.  The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, 1935-1985; 2007, Accession #00028932, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oaths of Office, 1935-1985; 2007, Accession #00028932, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection (not comprehensive) contains oaths of office of Supreme Court justices between 1935 and 2012. The collection also contains the oaths taken by Supreme Court Clerk Maury B. Watts, 1937; Deputy Clerk Bryan L. Clarke, 1957; Clerk Allen L. Lucy, 1977; Attorney General Kenneth C. Patty, 1957; and J. Lindsay Almond, Roanoke (city) Hustings Court judge, 1941."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00003"}},{"id":"vil_vil00009","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00009#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia State Law Library.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00009#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following: Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00009#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vil_vil00009","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00009","_root_":"vil_vil00009","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00009","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00009.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-","00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942, 00032213, 00032782, 00040432, 00041143","Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","African American judges  -- Biographies.","African American judges -- Interviews.","Civil rights -- United States -- History -- 20th century.","Judges -- Virginia -- biographies.","Judges -- Virginia -- interviews.","Segregation in education -- Virginia.","Massive resistance.","Minorities -- Civil rights -- Virginia.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Biographies.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Interviews.","Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia.","15 mini video cassettes (DV camera) and 4 digital moving image files recorded with HDV camera; 15 transcripts.","Collection is open to research.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Advisory Committee (formerly Commission) was established in 2006 to preserve and promote the history of the court. Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court justices, Court of Appeals judges, other individuals associated with the court, and civil rights attorneys were begun in 2007.  The project was brought under the auspices of the Virginia State Law Library in 2011 and is ongoing.","Judge G. Steven Agee (b. 1952) was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 2003 and served until 2008, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He served on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2001 to 2003. He was in private practice in Roanoke from 1977 to 2000 and a member of the House of Delegates from 1982 to 1994. Agee was born in Roanoke.","Justice Harry Lee Carrico (b. 1916) was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1961 and was chief justice from 1981-2003. Before joining the court, he was a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County.  He was an ensign in the he navy during World War II. Carrico was born in Washington D.C. and reared in rural Fauquier and Fairfax counties.","Justice George M. Cochran (1912-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1969-1987. A lifelong resident of Staunton, he was a member of the House of Delegates from 1948 to 1966 and the Virginia Senate from 1966 to 1968.","Barbara M. Keenan  (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1991 to 2010, when she was confirmed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was a judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 1985 to 1991. She was the first woman to serve as a circuit and appellate court judge in Virginia.","Cynthia D. Kinser (b. 1951) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1997 to 2014, and as chief justice from 2011 to 2014. She was the third woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia and the first woman to serve as chief justice.","Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. (b. 1940) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1995 to 2011, when he took senior status. He was one ten judges who served on the first Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and served on the court until 1995. He was the second chief judge of the court, serving from 1985 to 1993. From 1976 to 1984, Koontz was a circuit court judge in 23rd judicial circuit in Roanoke; from 1968 to 1976, he was a juvenile and domestic relations judge in the general district court in Roanoke.","Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy (b. 1945) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1989 to 2007, when she took senior status. She was the first woman to serve on the court, the first woman to serve as Deputy Attorney General in Virginia, and the first woman to serve as a judge on the State Corporation Commission. Lacy was born in South Carolina and grew up in Wisconsin.  She worked in Texas as a teacher and Assistant Attorney General and Division Chief (1972-1976) before moving to Virginia. She was Virginia Deputy Attorney General, overseeing all civil litigation, from 1982-1985; and Judge, Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1985-1989.","Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr. (b. 1949) served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 2008 to 2015, when he took senior status. He served on the Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2008. Millette was a circuit court judge in Prince William County from 1993 to 2007, a district court judge from 1990 to 1993, and an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Prince William County from 1986 to 1993. As a circuit court judge he presided over two widely publicized criminal trials: John Wayne Bobbitt in 1993 and John Allen Muhammed in 2003.","Justice Charles S. Russell (b. 1926) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1982-1991. He returned to the court as a senior justice in 2004.Russell practiced law in Arlington and Fairfax from 1951 to 1967 and was appointed judge for the 17th Judicial District in 1967. From 1967 to 1982, Russell was a circuit court judge in Fairfax County.  Russell was born in Richmond.  He served in the U.S. Navy in World II and the Korean War.","Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson (1922-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as justice from 1981 to 1997, when he took senior status. A lifelong resident of Covington, Va., Stephenson practiced law in Covington and was Alleghany County Commonwealth's Attorney and a judge on the 25th judicial circuit before his appointment to the Supreme Court.","Justice John Charles Thomas (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1983-1989. A native of Norfolk, Thomas graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1975 and worked at Hunton \u0026 Williams law form in Richmond, where he became the first African American to be named partner in a large law firm in the South. When Thomas resigned from the Supreme Court in 1989, he returned to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.","Justice W. Carrington (William Carrington) Thompson (1915-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1980-1983. A native of Chatham, Virginia, he established a law practice there after returning from service in the navy during World War II.  Thompson served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1959 to 1968 and the Virginia State Senate from 1968-1973.  He was a circuit judge before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Justice Henry H. Whiting (1923-) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1987 to 1995, when he took senior status. Whiting was born in Fort Logan, Colorado, and spent most of his youth in Winchester, Virginia.  He attended Virginia Tech for one year before enlisting in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Virginia and earned a law degree there in 1949.  He practiced law in Winchester, Virginia, for much of his career. In 1980, Whiting was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit by Governor John Dalton; in 1987, he was elected by the General Assembly to the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Judge G. Steven Agee by Connie Doebele (September 26, 2017, 2 hours, 22 minutes; transcript available), Judge Agee talks about his early life and family, his father's military service in World War II, practicing law in Roanoke, and serving in the House of Delegates.  He discusses changes in Virginia politics in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in Republican party; and serving as an appellate court judge in the state and federal court system. Agee also discusses his legislative career, including his advocacy of changes in the judicial selection process and the parole system; and the unique sense of history associated with the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Judge Joanne Alper (April 12, 2007, 78 minutes; transcript available), Justice Carrico discusses changes he witnessed during his long tenure on the court, his experiences as a young judge and lawyer in northern Virginia (Alexandria and Fairfax and Prince William counties) in the 1940s and 1950s, his work on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. and his relationships with U.S. Supreme Court justices Warren Burger and William Rehnquist.  Toward the end of the interview, he reflects on his relationships with the justices who were on the Supreme Court of Virginia when he was appointed in 1961, his workflow and opinion-writing processes, the creation of the Office of the Executive Secretary (court administrator), and the appointments of the first African American and women justices to the court.  He also talks about the establishment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and a statewide system of Juvenile and Domestic Relations courts in 1972 and 1973. The interview concludes with a discussion of the founding of the National Center for State Courts in 1971.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 28, 2007, 1 hour, 57 minutes; transcript available), Carrico discusses his family and early life on a dairy farm in rural Fairfax County, his father's work as a billboard artist for the General Outdoor Advertising Company and his business operating a riding stable.  He recalls going to a combined grade school and high school in Bailey's Crossroads and attending Lee-Jackson High School in Fairfax County, and working and attending law school in Washington D.C. He discusses his experience working in contract terminations in the navy during World War II, his work as a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County before and after the war, and his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961. Toward the end of the interview, Carrico talks about the process of writing opinions, and his decision in Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, which upheld the state statute barring interracial marriage in 1967.  He reflects on changes in the court during his tenure, including the appointment of the first African American and women justices, and his recollections of the justices who were on the court when he was appointed in 1961 (Chief Justice John Eggleston, Justice L. Warren I'Anson, Justice Claude V. Spratley, Harold F. Snead). The interview ends with a discussion of Carrico's work for the John Marshall Foundation and his thoughts about the historical importance of Marshall's contributions to the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice George M. Cochran by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (March 30, 2007, 1 hour, 56 minutes; transcript available), Justice Cochran talks about his family's roots in Staunton, his ancestor Alexander H.H. Stuart and Stuart's political career before and after the Civil War.  He reflects on his early life in Staunton, his education at Episcopal High School in Alexandria and at the University of Virginia, and his service in the navy in California and the Pacific during World War II. He discusses being a state legislator  during the 1950s and 1960s and efforts by a younger generation of legislators to repeal the poll tax and segregation laws after World War II.  Cochran also reflects on massive resistance and working to establish a community college system in Virginia. He talks about working with fellow state legislators Armistead Boothe, Mosby G. Perrow, Tayloe Murphy, Mills Godwin, and Albertis Harrison, and Governor Colgate Darden, and Governor Lindsay Almond. Toward the end of the interview, Cochran talks about his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, his friendship with Albertis Harrison when they were both on the court, his thoughts about dissenting from the majority, and making the transition from writing legal briefs to writing judicial opinions. The interview concludes with Cochran's recollections about organizing meetings of the Virginia State Bar Association in England and Scotland, the appointment of the first women and African American justices to the court, and socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond.","In the interview of Judge Barbara Milano Keenan by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 6, 2013, 2 hours, 38 minutes; transcript available), Judge Keenan talks about her family's history and the influence of their experiences as immigrants to West Virginia in the early twentieth century, attending Catholic high school in Arlington, Virginia, and Cornell University during the 1960s; and working at the U.S. Department of Justice while attending law school at George Washington University. She discusses her early career as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, working as a lawyer in private practice, her first years on the bench as a district and circuit court judge in Fairfax, and her service on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. She also reflects on the experience of being among the first women judges in Virginia and the influences of mentors and colleagues throughout her career.","The interview of Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser was conducted by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander August 16, 2016, at Gentry Locke law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. The recording and transcript of the interview are closed until August 16, 2026.","In the interview of Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. by Gail Warren, State Law Librarian (May 17, 2013, 55 minutes; transcript available), Justice Koontz talks about growing up in Salem, Virginia, attending Virginia Tech and law school at the University of Richmond, and his early years as a lawyer, commonwealth's attorney, and judge in Roanoke. He reflects on the experience of forming rules and procedures for the Court of Appeals, serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia, and changes in the legal profession and the judiciary during his career.","In the interview of Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 15, 2008, 1 hour, 56 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about growing up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where her parents owned a business, in the 1950s; her education at Catholic schools in Oshkosh and at St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, and attending law school at the University of Texas in Austin.  She talks about her early legal career working for the Texas Legislative Council and the Texas Attorney General's office, where she became the first woman division chief.  She reflects on the political atmosphere in Texas when she was in law school and in the early years of her legal career, and the influence of women such as Barbara Jordan, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Sarah Weddington, and others who were elected to public office in Texas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy recounts moving to Virginia in the late 1970s, her work as Deputy Attorney General under Attorney General Gerald Baliles, her appointment to the State Corporation Commission in 1985 and her work there, and her appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1989.  The interview ends with Lacy's reflections on her early experiences on the court and changes in the court during her tenure.","In the interview of Justice Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (October 8, 2008, 1 hour, 38 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about the appellate court process and the experience of working as a member of a group.  She recalls cases that were particularly memorable involving redistricting, the definition of injury in a medical malpractice suit involving a tubal litigation; and a privacy case pertaining to parents' right to serve alcohol to minors in the privacy of their homes. She also talks about the early use of DNA evidence in Virginia and problems with evidence in death penalty cases.  In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy talks about her work on the Virginia Taskforce on Gender Bias in the Courtroom, her thoughts about gender, feminism, and gender discrimination, her perception of changes in the tone of the court during the period she served, her approach to decision-making in a group, the opinion-writing process, writing techniques, and working with law clerks.  Toward the end of the interview, Justice Lacy reflects on her involvement in professional organizations like the National Association of Women Judges and the American Bar Association, and the importance of being a public advocate for the judicial system.  She talks about the regulatory role of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and her efforts to stay informed of changes in legal education and practice.  The interview concludes with Justice Lacy's reflections on her legacy as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Millette by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 16, 2017, 2 hours, 1 minute; transcript available) Millette talks about his family and growing up in Alexandria and Fairfax Virginia, attending the College of William and Mary, establishing a law practice in Prince William County, working as an assistant commonwealth's attorney and becoming a judge. He discusses his experiences presiding over the trial of John Wayne Bobbitt, in 1993, and John Allen Muhammad in 2003; and working as a circuit court and appellate judge.","In the interview of Justice Charles S. Russell by Judge Joanne Alper (April 23, 2007, 68 minutes; transcript available), Russell talks about his experience as a circuit court judge in Arlington County and his tenure on the Supreme Court of Virginia.  He discusses his election to the court by one vote in 1982 and reflects on changes in the Virginia judiciary during his tenure as a justice and senior justice, particularly a greater acceptance of dissent and declining deference toward older justices.  Russell also talks about colorful personalities he remembers from his early years as a member of the Arlington County bar.  He talks about Judge Walter T. McCarthy, who inspired him when he was a child growing up in Arlington.  Russell also reflects on memorable cases and historical events during his career.  The interview closes with Russell's recollection of watching the attack on the Pentagon from his office window in Arlington on September 11, 2001, and his thoughts about the lasting impact of the event.","In the interview of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (April 30, 2007, 1 hour, 27 minutes; transcript available), Justice Stephenson talks about his parents and siblings and growing up in Covington, Virginia, where his father was a lawyer.  He recalls attending Washington and Lee University as an undergraduate and working on a construction project in Hampton and a steamer out of Baltimore during the break between college and law school, after he was discharged from the military on account of a heart murmur.  Stephenson recalls that he was only one of two students attending law school at Washington and Lee University in 1945 because of the war. He talks about returning to Covington after law school, practicing law there with his father in the 1950s, and being Commonwealth's Attorney and a circuit court judge in Alleghany County.  Stephenson reflects on changes in the judiciary beginning in the 1970s, particularly the increase of women, and the appointment of Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman justice, to the court in 1989.  In the second part of the interview, Stephenson talks about his approach to writing opinions and cases that were particularly memorable. He discusses the use of DNA evidence in the Spencer v. Commonwealth of Virginia cases, other death penalty cases, and cases involving rights to mine coal and gas. The interview closes with Stephenson's recollections of his relationships with other justices and law clerks and memories of socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond when the court was in session.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 11, 2007, 2 hours, 21 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thomas discusses his family's roots in the Huntersville neighborhood of Norfolk, growing up in segregated Norfolk, and the influence on him of his parents, grandparents, extended  family, community, school, and church.  He recalls his maternal grandfather, who taught him to recite poetry when he was a young boy, and the minister of the First Baptist Church. He talks about his decision to attend Maury High School, a predominantly white high school in Norfolk, in 1965, and his experiences as a student there; and attending the University of Virginia.  Thomas also reflects on clerking for the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department one summer when he was a law student, and how this experience helped him in his efforts to secure a position at a large law firm in Virginia after he graduated.  He recounts his early years working at the Richmond law firm Hunton \u0026 Williams, where he did legal work for Virginia Electric and Power Company, and becoming the first African American lawyer to make partner at a white law firm in the South. Toward the end of the interview, Thomas discusses his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia and being the first African American appointed to the court.  He reflects on differences between himself and the other justices, in style, training, and age.  The interview closes with Thomas' thoughts on memorable opinions.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (August 8, 2007, 1 hour, five minutes; transcript available), Thomas talks about his legal career in more detail, from his work as a young lawyer at Hunton \u0026 Williams, to his work as a justice, to his work on appellate cases after returning to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.  He recalls traveling to small courthouses around Virginia and arguing cases before the supreme court as a young lawyer.  Thomas also elaborates on his nomination to the court and adjusting to being an appellate judge. He reflects on the changes he observed when Justice Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman appointed to the court, joined the men on the court, and the generation gap he felt existed between himself and Lacy and the rest of the justices, who were much older. Thomas concludes by talking about the changes he has witnessed during his lifetime and the sacrifices made by Oliver Hill and other pioneering African American lawyers as they worked to change institutions that were resistant to change.","In the interview of Justice W. Carrington Thompson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (November 14, 2007, 1 hour, 32 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thompson talks about his parents and his early life in Chatham, Virginia, particularly the influence of his father; his experiences as a student at Hampden-Sydney College, his professors, his religious education and the importance of his religious faith throughout his life.  He talks about attending law school at the University of Virginia and being in the navy during World War II in the South Pacific.  Thompson recalls his career in Chatham as a lawyer, state legislator, and circuit court judge.  He reflects on the political circumstances of his appointments to the circuit court and Supreme Court of Virginia and his decision to retire after serving only three years.  The interview closes with Thompson's thoughts on writing opinions in two death-penalty cases while he was on the court, his views on the death penalty, and his strict contructionist views on the Constitution and the role of the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice Henry H. Whiting by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (December 12, 2011, 1 hour, 35 minutes; transcript available), Justice Whiting talks about his family, growing up in Winchester, Va., serving in the army during World War II and witnessing the Battle of Remagen, and his thoughts about General George S. Patton, who knew his father and was his godfather; attending college and law school at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia, and practicing law in Winchester.  Toward the end of interview, he discusses being a circuit judge in Winchester, his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, and serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","The interview of Cynthia D. Kinser is closed until August 16, 2026.","Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following:  Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission.","Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942, 00032213, 00032782, 00040432, 00041143"],"unitid_tesim":["00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942, 00032213, 00032782, 00040432, 00041143"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission."],"creators_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The interviews were created for the Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, 2007-2018. In 2016, copies of interviews conducted from 2007-2016 were donated to the Library of Virginia for longterm preservation and access."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American judges  -- Biographies.","African American judges -- Interviews.","Civil rights -- United States -- History -- 20th century.","Judges -- Virginia -- biographies.","Judges -- Virginia -- interviews.","Segregation in education -- Virginia.","Massive resistance.","Minorities -- Civil rights -- Virginia.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Biographies.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Interviews.","Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American judges  -- Biographies.","African American judges -- Interviews.","Civil rights -- United States -- History -- 20th century.","Judges -- Virginia -- biographies.","Judges -- Virginia -- interviews.","Segregation in education -- Virginia.","Massive resistance.","Minorities -- Civil rights -- Virginia.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Biographies.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Interviews.","Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["15 mini video cassettes (DV camera) and 4 digital moving image files recorded with HDV camera; 15 transcripts."],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Advisory Committee (formerly Commission) was established in 2006 to preserve and promote the history of the court. Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court justices, Court of Appeals judges, other individuals associated with the court, and civil rights attorneys were begun in 2007.  The project was brought under the auspices of the Virginia State Law Library in 2011 and is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudge G. Steven Agee (b. 1952) was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 2003 and served until 2008, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He served on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2001 to 2003. He was in private practice in Roanoke from 1977 to 2000 and a member of the House of Delegates from 1982 to 1994. Agee was born in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e  \n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Harry Lee Carrico (b. 1916) was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1961 and was chief justice from 1981-2003. Before joining the court, he was a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County.  He was an ensign in the he navy during World War II. Carrico was born in Washington D.C. and reared in rural Fauquier and Fairfax counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice George M. Cochran (1912-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1969-1987. A lifelong resident of Staunton, he was a member of the House of Delegates from 1948 to 1966 and the Virginia Senate from 1966 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBarbara M. Keenan  (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1991 to 2010, when she was confirmed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was a judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 1985 to 1991. She was the first woman to serve as a circuit and appellate court judge in Virginia. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCynthia D. Kinser (b. 1951) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1997 to 2014, and as chief justice from 2011 to 2014. She was the third woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia and the first woman to serve as chief justice.\u003c/p\u003e \n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. (b. 1940) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1995 to 2011, when he took senior status. He was one ten judges who served on the first Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and served on the court until 1995. He was the second chief judge of the court, serving from 1985 to 1993. From 1976 to 1984, Koontz was a circuit court judge in 23rd judicial circuit in Roanoke; from 1968 to 1976, he was a juvenile and domestic relations judge in the general district court in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Elizabeth B. Lacy (b. 1945) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1989 to 2007, when she took senior status. She was the first woman to serve on the court, the first woman to serve as Deputy Attorney General in Virginia, and the first woman to serve as a judge on the State Corporation Commission. Lacy was born in South Carolina and grew up in Wisconsin.  She worked in Texas as a teacher and Assistant Attorney General and Division Chief (1972-1976) before moving to Virginia. She was Virginia Deputy Attorney General, overseeing all civil litigation, from 1982-1985; and Judge, Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1985-1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJustice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr. (b. 1949) served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 2008 to 2015, when he took senior status. He served on the Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2008. Millette was a circuit court judge in Prince William County from 1993 to 2007, a district court judge from 1990 to 1993, and an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Prince William County from 1986 to 1993. As a circuit court judge he presided over two widely publicized criminal trials: John Wayne Bobbitt in 1993 and John Allen Muhammed in 2003.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Charles S. Russell (b. 1926) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1982-1991. He returned to the court as a senior justice in 2004.Russell practiced law in Arlington and Fairfax from 1951 to 1967 and was appointed judge for the 17th Judicial District in 1967. From 1967 to 1982, Russell was a circuit court judge in Fairfax County.  Russell was born in Richmond.  He served in the U.S. Navy in World II and the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Roscoe B. Stephenson (1922-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as justice from 1981 to 1997, when he took senior status. A lifelong resident of Covington, Va., Stephenson practiced law in Covington and was Alleghany County Commonwealth's Attorney and a judge on the 25th judicial circuit before his appointment to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice John Charles Thomas (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1983-1989. A native of Norfolk, Thomas graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1975 and worked at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams law form in Richmond, where he became the first African American to be named partner in a large law firm in the South. When Thomas resigned from the Supreme Court in 1989, he returned to private practice at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice W. Carrington (William Carrington) Thompson (1915-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1980-1983. A native of Chatham, Virginia, he established a law practice there after returning from service in the navy during World War II.  Thompson served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1959 to 1968 and the Virginia State Senate from 1968-1973.  He was a circuit judge before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Henry H. Whiting (1923-) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1987 to 1995, when he took senior status. Whiting was born in Fort Logan, Colorado, and spent most of his youth in Winchester, Virginia.  He attended Virginia Tech for one year before enlisting in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Virginia and earned a law degree there in 1949.  He practiced law in Winchester, Virginia, for much of his career. In 1980, Whiting was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit by Governor John Dalton; in 1987, he was elected by the General Assembly to the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Advisory Committee (formerly Commission) was established in 2006 to preserve and promote the history of the court. Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court justices, Court of Appeals judges, other individuals associated with the court, and civil rights attorneys were begun in 2007.  The project was brought under the auspices of the Virginia State Law Library in 2011 and is ongoing.","Judge G. Steven Agee (b. 1952) was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 2003 and served until 2008, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He served on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2001 to 2003. He was in private practice in Roanoke from 1977 to 2000 and a member of the House of Delegates from 1982 to 1994. Agee was born in Roanoke.","Justice Harry Lee Carrico (b. 1916) was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1961 and was chief justice from 1981-2003. Before joining the court, he was a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County.  He was an ensign in the he navy during World War II. Carrico was born in Washington D.C. and reared in rural Fauquier and Fairfax counties.","Justice George M. Cochran (1912-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1969-1987. A lifelong resident of Staunton, he was a member of the House of Delegates from 1948 to 1966 and the Virginia Senate from 1966 to 1968.","Barbara M. Keenan  (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1991 to 2010, when she was confirmed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was a judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 1985 to 1991. She was the first woman to serve as a circuit and appellate court judge in Virginia.","Cynthia D. Kinser (b. 1951) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1997 to 2014, and as chief justice from 2011 to 2014. She was the third woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia and the first woman to serve as chief justice.","Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. (b. 1940) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1995 to 2011, when he took senior status. He was one ten judges who served on the first Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and served on the court until 1995. He was the second chief judge of the court, serving from 1985 to 1993. From 1976 to 1984, Koontz was a circuit court judge in 23rd judicial circuit in Roanoke; from 1968 to 1976, he was a juvenile and domestic relations judge in the general district court in Roanoke.","Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy (b. 1945) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1989 to 2007, when she took senior status. She was the first woman to serve on the court, the first woman to serve as Deputy Attorney General in Virginia, and the first woman to serve as a judge on the State Corporation Commission. Lacy was born in South Carolina and grew up in Wisconsin.  She worked in Texas as a teacher and Assistant Attorney General and Division Chief (1972-1976) before moving to Virginia. She was Virginia Deputy Attorney General, overseeing all civil litigation, from 1982-1985; and Judge, Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1985-1989.","Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr. (b. 1949) served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 2008 to 2015, when he took senior status. He served on the Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2008. Millette was a circuit court judge in Prince William County from 1993 to 2007, a district court judge from 1990 to 1993, and an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Prince William County from 1986 to 1993. As a circuit court judge he presided over two widely publicized criminal trials: John Wayne Bobbitt in 1993 and John Allen Muhammed in 2003.","Justice Charles S. Russell (b. 1926) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1982-1991. He returned to the court as a senior justice in 2004.Russell practiced law in Arlington and Fairfax from 1951 to 1967 and was appointed judge for the 17th Judicial District in 1967. From 1967 to 1982, Russell was a circuit court judge in Fairfax County.  Russell was born in Richmond.  He served in the U.S. Navy in World II and the Korean War.","Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson (1922-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as justice from 1981 to 1997, when he took senior status. A lifelong resident of Covington, Va., Stephenson practiced law in Covington and was Alleghany County Commonwealth's Attorney and a judge on the 25th judicial circuit before his appointment to the Supreme Court.","Justice John Charles Thomas (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1983-1989. A native of Norfolk, Thomas graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1975 and worked at Hunton \u0026 Williams law form in Richmond, where he became the first African American to be named partner in a large law firm in the South. When Thomas resigned from the Supreme Court in 1989, he returned to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.","Justice W. Carrington (William Carrington) Thompson (1915-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1980-1983. A native of Chatham, Virginia, he established a law practice there after returning from service in the navy during World War II.  Thompson served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1959 to 1968 and the Virginia State Senate from 1968-1973.  He was a circuit judge before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Justice Henry H. Whiting (1923-) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1987 to 1995, when he took senior status. Whiting was born in Fort Logan, Colorado, and spent most of his youth in Winchester, Virginia.  He attended Virginia Tech for one year before enlisting in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Virginia and earned a law degree there in 1949.  He practiced law in Winchester, Virginia, for much of his career. In 1980, Whiting was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit by Governor John Dalton; in 1987, he was elected by the General Assembly to the Supreme Court of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews, 2007-2018, Accession numbers  00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942,00032213,00032782, 00040432, 00041143, and 00042014. Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews, 2007-2018, Accession numbers  00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942,00032213,00032782, 00040432, 00041143, and 00042014. Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Judge G. Steven Agee by Connie Doebele (September 26, 2017, 2 hours, 22 minutes; transcript available), Judge Agee talks about his early life and family, his father's military service in World War II, practicing law in Roanoke, and serving in the House of Delegates.  He discusses changes in Virginia politics in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in Republican party; and serving as an appellate court judge in the state and federal court system. Agee also discusses his legislative career, including his advocacy of changes in the judicial selection process and the parole system; and the unique sense of history associated with the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Judge Joanne Alper (April 12, 2007, 78 minutes; transcript available), Justice Carrico discusses changes he witnessed during his long tenure on the court, his experiences as a young judge and lawyer in northern Virginia (Alexandria and Fairfax and Prince William counties) in the 1940s and 1950s, his work on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. and his relationships with U.S. Supreme Court justices Warren Burger and William Rehnquist.  Toward the end of the interview, he reflects on his relationships with the justices who were on the Supreme Court of Virginia when he was appointed in 1961, his workflow and opinion-writing processes, the creation of the Office of the Executive Secretary (court administrator), and the appointments of the first African American and women justices to the court.  He also talks about the establishment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and a statewide system of Juvenile and Domestic Relations courts in 1972 and 1973. The interview concludes with a discussion of the founding of the National Center for State Courts in 1971.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 28, 2007, 1 hour, 57 minutes; transcript available), Carrico discusses his family and early life on a dairy farm in rural Fairfax County, his father's work as a billboard artist for the General Outdoor Advertising Company and his business operating a riding stable.  He recalls going to a combined grade school and high school in Bailey's Crossroads and attending Lee-Jackson High School in Fairfax County, and working and attending law school in Washington D.C. He discusses his experience working in contract terminations in the navy during World War II, his work as a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County before and after the war, and his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961. Toward the end of the interview, Carrico talks about the process of writing opinions, and his decision in Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, which upheld the state statute barring interracial marriage in 1967.  He reflects on changes in the court during his tenure, including the appointment of the first African American and women justices, and his recollections of the justices who were on the court when he was appointed in 1961 (Chief Justice John Eggleston, Justice L. Warren I'Anson, Justice Claude V. Spratley, Harold F. Snead). The interview ends with a discussion of Carrico's work for the John Marshall Foundation and his thoughts about the historical importance of Marshall's contributions to the judiciary.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice George M. Cochran by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (March 30, 2007, 1 hour, 56 minutes; transcript available), Justice Cochran talks about his family's roots in Staunton, his ancestor Alexander H.H. Stuart and Stuart's political career before and after the Civil War.  He reflects on his early life in Staunton, his education at Episcopal High School in Alexandria and at the University of Virginia, and his service in the navy in California and the Pacific during World War II. He discusses being a state legislator  during the 1950s and 1960s and efforts by a younger generation of legislators to repeal the poll tax and segregation laws after World War II.  Cochran also reflects on massive resistance and working to establish a community college system in Virginia. He talks about working with fellow state legislators Armistead Boothe, Mosby G. Perrow, Tayloe Murphy, Mills Godwin, and Albertis Harrison, and Governor Colgate Darden, and Governor Lindsay Almond. Toward the end of the interview, Cochran talks about his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, his friendship with Albertis Harrison when they were both on the court, his thoughts about dissenting from the majority, and making the transition from writing legal briefs to writing judicial opinions. The interview concludes with Cochran's recollections about organizing meetings of the Virginia State Bar Association in England and Scotland, the appointment of the first women and African American justices to the court, and socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Judge Barbara Milano Keenan by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 6, 2013, 2 hours, 38 minutes; transcript available), Judge Keenan talks about her family's history and the influence of their experiences as immigrants to West Virginia in the early twentieth century, attending Catholic high school in Arlington, Virginia, and Cornell University during the 1960s; and working at the U.S. Department of Justice while attending law school at George Washington University. She discusses her early career as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, working as a lawyer in private practice, her first years on the bench as a district and circuit court judge in Fairfax, and her service on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. She also reflects on the experience of being among the first women judges in Virginia and the influences of mentors and colleagues throughout her career.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interview of Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser was conducted by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander August 16, 2016, at Gentry Locke law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. The recording and transcript of the interview are closed until August 16, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. by Gail Warren, State Law Librarian (May 17, 2013, 55 minutes; transcript available), Justice Koontz talks about growing up in Salem, Virginia, attending Virginia Tech and law school at the University of Richmond, and his early years as a lawyer, commonwealth's attorney, and judge in Roanoke. He reflects on the experience of forming rules and procedures for the Court of Appeals, serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia, and changes in the legal profession and the judiciary during his career.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 15, 2008, 1 hour, 56 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about growing up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where her parents owned a business, in the 1950s; her education at Catholic schools in Oshkosh and at St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, and attending law school at the University of Texas in Austin.  She talks about her early legal career working for the Texas Legislative Council and the Texas Attorney General's office, where she became the first woman division chief.  She reflects on the political atmosphere in Texas when she was in law school and in the early years of her legal career, and the influence of women such as Barbara Jordan, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Sarah Weddington, and others who were elected to public office in Texas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy recounts moving to Virginia in the late 1970s, her work as Deputy Attorney General under Attorney General Gerald Baliles, her appointment to the State Corporation Commission in 1985 and her work there, and her appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1989.  The interview ends with Lacy's reflections on her early experiences on the court and changes in the court during her tenure.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (October 8, 2008, 1 hour, 38 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about the appellate court process and the experience of working as a member of a group.  She recalls cases that were particularly memorable involving redistricting, the definition of injury in a medical malpractice suit involving a tubal litigation; and a privacy case pertaining to parents' right to serve alcohol to minors in the privacy of their homes. She also talks about the early use of DNA evidence in Virginia and problems with evidence in death penalty cases.  In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy talks about her work on the Virginia Taskforce on Gender Bias in the Courtroom, her thoughts about gender, feminism, and gender discrimination, her perception of changes in the tone of the court during the period she served, her approach to decision-making in a group, the opinion-writing process, writing techniques, and working with law clerks.  Toward the end of the interview, Justice Lacy reflects on her involvement in professional organizations like the National Association of Women Judges and the American Bar Association, and the importance of being a public advocate for the judicial system.  She talks about the regulatory role of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and her efforts to stay informed of changes in legal education and practice.  The interview concludes with Justice Lacy's reflections on her legacy as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Millette by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 16, 2017, 2 hours, 1 minute; transcript available) Millette talks about his family and growing up in Alexandria and Fairfax Virginia, attending the College of William and Mary, establishing a law practice in Prince William County, working as an assistant commonwealth's attorney and becoming a judge. He discusses his experiences presiding over the trial of John Wayne Bobbitt, in 1993, and John Allen Muhammad in 2003; and working as a circuit court and appellate judge.\u003c/p\u003e   \n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Charles S. Russell by Judge Joanne Alper (April 23, 2007, 68 minutes; transcript available), Russell talks about his experience as a circuit court judge in Arlington County and his tenure on the Supreme Court of Virginia.  He discusses his election to the court by one vote in 1982 and reflects on changes in the Virginia judiciary during his tenure as a justice and senior justice, particularly a greater acceptance of dissent and declining deference toward older justices.  Russell also talks about colorful personalities he remembers from his early years as a member of the Arlington County bar.  He talks about Judge Walter T. McCarthy, who inspired him when he was a child growing up in Arlington.  Russell also reflects on memorable cases and historical events during his career.  The interview closes with Russell's recollection of watching the attack on the Pentagon from his office window in Arlington on September 11, 2001, and his thoughts about the lasting impact of the event.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (April 30, 2007, 1 hour, 27 minutes; transcript available), Justice Stephenson talks about his parents and siblings and growing up in Covington, Virginia, where his father was a lawyer.  He recalls attending Washington and Lee University as an undergraduate and working on a construction project in Hampton and a steamer out of Baltimore during the break between college and law school, after he was discharged from the military on account of a heart murmur.  Stephenson recalls that he was only one of two students attending law school at Washington and Lee University in 1945 because of the war. He talks about returning to Covington after law school, practicing law there with his father in the 1950s, and being Commonwealth's Attorney and a circuit court judge in Alleghany County.  Stephenson reflects on changes in the judiciary beginning in the 1970s, particularly the increase of women, and the appointment of Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman justice, to the court in 1989.  In the second part of the interview, Stephenson talks about his approach to writing opinions and cases that were particularly memorable. He discusses the use of DNA evidence in the Spencer v. Commonwealth of Virginia cases, other death penalty cases, and cases involving rights to mine coal and gas. The interview closes with Stephenson's recollections of his relationships with other justices and law clerks and memories of socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond when the court was in session.          \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 11, 2007, 2 hours, 21 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thomas discusses his family's roots in the Huntersville neighborhood of Norfolk, growing up in segregated Norfolk, and the influence on him of his parents, grandparents, extended  family, community, school, and church.  He recalls his maternal grandfather, who taught him to recite poetry when he was a young boy, and the minister of the First Baptist Church. He talks about his decision to attend Maury High School, a predominantly white high school in Norfolk, in 1965, and his experiences as a student there; and attending the University of Virginia.  Thomas also reflects on clerking for the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department one summer when he was a law student, and how this experience helped him in his efforts to secure a position at a large law firm in Virginia after he graduated.  He recounts his early years working at the Richmond law firm Hunton \u0026amp; Williams, where he did legal work for Virginia Electric and Power Company, and becoming the first African American lawyer to make partner at a white law firm in the South. Toward the end of the interview, Thomas discusses his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia and being the first African American appointed to the court.  He reflects on differences between himself and the other justices, in style, training, and age.  The interview closes with Thomas' thoughts on memorable opinions.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (August 8, 2007, 1 hour, five minutes; transcript available), Thomas talks about his legal career in more detail, from his work as a young lawyer at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams, to his work as a justice, to his work on appellate cases after returning to private practice at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams.  He recalls traveling to small courthouses around Virginia and arguing cases before the supreme court as a young lawyer.  Thomas also elaborates on his nomination to the court and adjusting to being an appellate judge. He reflects on the changes he observed when Justice Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman appointed to the court, joined the men on the court, and the generation gap he felt existed between himself and Lacy and the rest of the justices, who were much older. Thomas concludes by talking about the changes he has witnessed during his lifetime and the sacrifices made by Oliver Hill and other pioneering African American lawyers as they worked to change institutions that were resistant to change.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice W. Carrington Thompson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (November 14, 2007, 1 hour, 32 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thompson talks about his parents and his early life in Chatham, Virginia, particularly the influence of his father; his experiences as a student at Hampden-Sydney College, his professors, his religious education and the importance of his religious faith throughout his life.  He talks about attending law school at the University of Virginia and being in the navy during World War II in the South Pacific.  Thompson recalls his career in Chatham as a lawyer, state legislator, and circuit court judge.  He reflects on the political circumstances of his appointments to the circuit court and Supreme Court of Virginia and his decision to retire after serving only three years.  The interview closes with Thompson's thoughts on writing opinions in two death-penalty cases while he was on the court, his views on the death penalty, and his strict contructionist views on the Constitution and the role of the judiciary.     \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Henry H. Whiting by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (December 12, 2011, 1 hour, 35 minutes; transcript available), Justice Whiting talks about his family, growing up in Winchester, Va., serving in the army during World War II and witnessing the Battle of Remagen, and his thoughts about General George S. Patton, who knew his father and was his godfather; attending college and law school at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia, and practicing law in Winchester.  Toward the end of interview, he discusses being a circuit judge in Winchester, his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, and serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In the interview of Judge G. Steven Agee by Connie Doebele (September 26, 2017, 2 hours, 22 minutes; transcript available), Judge Agee talks about his early life and family, his father's military service in World War II, practicing law in Roanoke, and serving in the House of Delegates.  He discusses changes in Virginia politics in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in Republican party; and serving as an appellate court judge in the state and federal court system. Agee also discusses his legislative career, including his advocacy of changes in the judicial selection process and the parole system; and the unique sense of history associated with the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Judge Joanne Alper (April 12, 2007, 78 minutes; transcript available), Justice Carrico discusses changes he witnessed during his long tenure on the court, his experiences as a young judge and lawyer in northern Virginia (Alexandria and Fairfax and Prince William counties) in the 1940s and 1950s, his work on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. and his relationships with U.S. Supreme Court justices Warren Burger and William Rehnquist.  Toward the end of the interview, he reflects on his relationships with the justices who were on the Supreme Court of Virginia when he was appointed in 1961, his workflow and opinion-writing processes, the creation of the Office of the Executive Secretary (court administrator), and the appointments of the first African American and women justices to the court.  He also talks about the establishment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and a statewide system of Juvenile and Domestic Relations courts in 1972 and 1973. The interview concludes with a discussion of the founding of the National Center for State Courts in 1971.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 28, 2007, 1 hour, 57 minutes; transcript available), Carrico discusses his family and early life on a dairy farm in rural Fairfax County, his father's work as a billboard artist for the General Outdoor Advertising Company and his business operating a riding stable.  He recalls going to a combined grade school and high school in Bailey's Crossroads and attending Lee-Jackson High School in Fairfax County, and working and attending law school in Washington D.C. He discusses his experience working in contract terminations in the navy during World War II, his work as a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County before and after the war, and his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961. Toward the end of the interview, Carrico talks about the process of writing opinions, and his decision in Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, which upheld the state statute barring interracial marriage in 1967.  He reflects on changes in the court during his tenure, including the appointment of the first African American and women justices, and his recollections of the justices who were on the court when he was appointed in 1961 (Chief Justice John Eggleston, Justice L. Warren I'Anson, Justice Claude V. Spratley, Harold F. Snead). The interview ends with a discussion of Carrico's work for the John Marshall Foundation and his thoughts about the historical importance of Marshall's contributions to the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice George M. Cochran by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (March 30, 2007, 1 hour, 56 minutes; transcript available), Justice Cochran talks about his family's roots in Staunton, his ancestor Alexander H.H. Stuart and Stuart's political career before and after the Civil War.  He reflects on his early life in Staunton, his education at Episcopal High School in Alexandria and at the University of Virginia, and his service in the navy in California and the Pacific during World War II. He discusses being a state legislator  during the 1950s and 1960s and efforts by a younger generation of legislators to repeal the poll tax and segregation laws after World War II.  Cochran also reflects on massive resistance and working to establish a community college system in Virginia. He talks about working with fellow state legislators Armistead Boothe, Mosby G. Perrow, Tayloe Murphy, Mills Godwin, and Albertis Harrison, and Governor Colgate Darden, and Governor Lindsay Almond. Toward the end of the interview, Cochran talks about his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, his friendship with Albertis Harrison when they were both on the court, his thoughts about dissenting from the majority, and making the transition from writing legal briefs to writing judicial opinions. The interview concludes with Cochran's recollections about organizing meetings of the Virginia State Bar Association in England and Scotland, the appointment of the first women and African American justices to the court, and socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond.","In the interview of Judge Barbara Milano Keenan by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 6, 2013, 2 hours, 38 minutes; transcript available), Judge Keenan talks about her family's history and the influence of their experiences as immigrants to West Virginia in the early twentieth century, attending Catholic high school in Arlington, Virginia, and Cornell University during the 1960s; and working at the U.S. Department of Justice while attending law school at George Washington University. She discusses her early career as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, working as a lawyer in private practice, her first years on the bench as a district and circuit court judge in Fairfax, and her service on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. She also reflects on the experience of being among the first women judges in Virginia and the influences of mentors and colleagues throughout her career.","The interview of Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser was conducted by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander August 16, 2016, at Gentry Locke law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. The recording and transcript of the interview are closed until August 16, 2026.","In the interview of Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. by Gail Warren, State Law Librarian (May 17, 2013, 55 minutes; transcript available), Justice Koontz talks about growing up in Salem, Virginia, attending Virginia Tech and law school at the University of Richmond, and his early years as a lawyer, commonwealth's attorney, and judge in Roanoke. He reflects on the experience of forming rules and procedures for the Court of Appeals, serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia, and changes in the legal profession and the judiciary during his career.","In the interview of Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 15, 2008, 1 hour, 56 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about growing up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where her parents owned a business, in the 1950s; her education at Catholic schools in Oshkosh and at St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, and attending law school at the University of Texas in Austin.  She talks about her early legal career working for the Texas Legislative Council and the Texas Attorney General's office, where she became the first woman division chief.  She reflects on the political atmosphere in Texas when she was in law school and in the early years of her legal career, and the influence of women such as Barbara Jordan, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Sarah Weddington, and others who were elected to public office in Texas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy recounts moving to Virginia in the late 1970s, her work as Deputy Attorney General under Attorney General Gerald Baliles, her appointment to the State Corporation Commission in 1985 and her work there, and her appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1989.  The interview ends with Lacy's reflections on her early experiences on the court and changes in the court during her tenure.","In the interview of Justice Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (October 8, 2008, 1 hour, 38 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about the appellate court process and the experience of working as a member of a group.  She recalls cases that were particularly memorable involving redistricting, the definition of injury in a medical malpractice suit involving a tubal litigation; and a privacy case pertaining to parents' right to serve alcohol to minors in the privacy of their homes. She also talks about the early use of DNA evidence in Virginia and problems with evidence in death penalty cases.  In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy talks about her work on the Virginia Taskforce on Gender Bias in the Courtroom, her thoughts about gender, feminism, and gender discrimination, her perception of changes in the tone of the court during the period she served, her approach to decision-making in a group, the opinion-writing process, writing techniques, and working with law clerks.  Toward the end of the interview, Justice Lacy reflects on her involvement in professional organizations like the National Association of Women Judges and the American Bar Association, and the importance of being a public advocate for the judicial system.  She talks about the regulatory role of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and her efforts to stay informed of changes in legal education and practice.  The interview concludes with Justice Lacy's reflections on her legacy as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Millette by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 16, 2017, 2 hours, 1 minute; transcript available) Millette talks about his family and growing up in Alexandria and Fairfax Virginia, attending the College of William and Mary, establishing a law practice in Prince William County, working as an assistant commonwealth's attorney and becoming a judge. He discusses his experiences presiding over the trial of John Wayne Bobbitt, in 1993, and John Allen Muhammad in 2003; and working as a circuit court and appellate judge.","In the interview of Justice Charles S. Russell by Judge Joanne Alper (April 23, 2007, 68 minutes; transcript available), Russell talks about his experience as a circuit court judge in Arlington County and his tenure on the Supreme Court of Virginia.  He discusses his election to the court by one vote in 1982 and reflects on changes in the Virginia judiciary during his tenure as a justice and senior justice, particularly a greater acceptance of dissent and declining deference toward older justices.  Russell also talks about colorful personalities he remembers from his early years as a member of the Arlington County bar.  He talks about Judge Walter T. McCarthy, who inspired him when he was a child growing up in Arlington.  Russell also reflects on memorable cases and historical events during his career.  The interview closes with Russell's recollection of watching the attack on the Pentagon from his office window in Arlington on September 11, 2001, and his thoughts about the lasting impact of the event.","In the interview of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (April 30, 2007, 1 hour, 27 minutes; transcript available), Justice Stephenson talks about his parents and siblings and growing up in Covington, Virginia, where his father was a lawyer.  He recalls attending Washington and Lee University as an undergraduate and working on a construction project in Hampton and a steamer out of Baltimore during the break between college and law school, after he was discharged from the military on account of a heart murmur.  Stephenson recalls that he was only one of two students attending law school at Washington and Lee University in 1945 because of the war. He talks about returning to Covington after law school, practicing law there with his father in the 1950s, and being Commonwealth's Attorney and a circuit court judge in Alleghany County.  Stephenson reflects on changes in the judiciary beginning in the 1970s, particularly the increase of women, and the appointment of Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman justice, to the court in 1989.  In the second part of the interview, Stephenson talks about his approach to writing opinions and cases that were particularly memorable. He discusses the use of DNA evidence in the Spencer v. Commonwealth of Virginia cases, other death penalty cases, and cases involving rights to mine coal and gas. The interview closes with Stephenson's recollections of his relationships with other justices and law clerks and memories of socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond when the court was in session.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 11, 2007, 2 hours, 21 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thomas discusses his family's roots in the Huntersville neighborhood of Norfolk, growing up in segregated Norfolk, and the influence on him of his parents, grandparents, extended  family, community, school, and church.  He recalls his maternal grandfather, who taught him to recite poetry when he was a young boy, and the minister of the First Baptist Church. He talks about his decision to attend Maury High School, a predominantly white high school in Norfolk, in 1965, and his experiences as a student there; and attending the University of Virginia.  Thomas also reflects on clerking for the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department one summer when he was a law student, and how this experience helped him in his efforts to secure a position at a large law firm in Virginia after he graduated.  He recounts his early years working at the Richmond law firm Hunton \u0026 Williams, where he did legal work for Virginia Electric and Power Company, and becoming the first African American lawyer to make partner at a white law firm in the South. Toward the end of the interview, Thomas discusses his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia and being the first African American appointed to the court.  He reflects on differences between himself and the other justices, in style, training, and age.  The interview closes with Thomas' thoughts on memorable opinions.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (August 8, 2007, 1 hour, five minutes; transcript available), Thomas talks about his legal career in more detail, from his work as a young lawyer at Hunton \u0026 Williams, to his work as a justice, to his work on appellate cases after returning to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.  He recalls traveling to small courthouses around Virginia and arguing cases before the supreme court as a young lawyer.  Thomas also elaborates on his nomination to the court and adjusting to being an appellate judge. He reflects on the changes he observed when Justice Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman appointed to the court, joined the men on the court, and the generation gap he felt existed between himself and Lacy and the rest of the justices, who were much older. Thomas concludes by talking about the changes he has witnessed during his lifetime and the sacrifices made by Oliver Hill and other pioneering African American lawyers as they worked to change institutions that were resistant to change.","In the interview of Justice W. Carrington Thompson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (November 14, 2007, 1 hour, 32 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thompson talks about his parents and his early life in Chatham, Virginia, particularly the influence of his father; his experiences as a student at Hampden-Sydney College, his professors, his religious education and the importance of his religious faith throughout his life.  He talks about attending law school at the University of Virginia and being in the navy during World War II in the South Pacific.  Thompson recalls his career in Chatham as a lawyer, state legislator, and circuit court judge.  He reflects on the political circumstances of his appointments to the circuit court and Supreme Court of Virginia and his decision to retire after serving only three years.  The interview closes with Thompson's thoughts on writing opinions in two death-penalty cases while he was on the court, his views on the death penalty, and his strict contructionist views on the Constitution and the role of the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice Henry H. Whiting by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (December 12, 2011, 1 hour, 35 minutes; transcript available), Justice Whiting talks about his family, growing up in Winchester, Va., serving in the army during World War II and witnessing the Battle of Remagen, and his thoughts about General George S. Patton, who knew his father and was his godfather; attending college and law school at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia, and practicing law in Winchester.  Toward the end of interview, he discusses being a circuit judge in Winchester, his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, and serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interview of Cynthia D. Kinser is closed until August 16, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","The interview of Cynthia D. Kinser is closed until August 16, 2026."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eOral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following:  Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following:  Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission.","Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"names_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission.","Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00009","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00009","_root_":"vil_vil00009","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00009","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00009.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-","00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942, 00032213, 00032782, 00040432, 00041143","Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century.","African American judges  -- Biographies.","African American judges -- Interviews.","Civil rights -- United States -- History -- 20th century.","Judges -- Virginia -- biographies.","Judges -- Virginia -- interviews.","Segregation in education -- Virginia.","Massive resistance.","Minorities -- Civil rights -- Virginia.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Biographies.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Interviews.","Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia.","15 mini video cassettes (DV camera) and 4 digital moving image files recorded with HDV camera; 15 transcripts.","Collection is open to research.","The Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Advisory Committee (formerly Commission) was established in 2006 to preserve and promote the history of the court. Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court justices, Court of Appeals judges, other individuals associated with the court, and civil rights attorneys were begun in 2007.  The project was brought under the auspices of the Virginia State Law Library in 2011 and is ongoing.","Judge G. Steven Agee (b. 1952) was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 2003 and served until 2008, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He served on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2001 to 2003. He was in private practice in Roanoke from 1977 to 2000 and a member of the House of Delegates from 1982 to 1994. Agee was born in Roanoke.","Justice Harry Lee Carrico (b. 1916) was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1961 and was chief justice from 1981-2003. Before joining the court, he was a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County.  He was an ensign in the he navy during World War II. Carrico was born in Washington D.C. and reared in rural Fauquier and Fairfax counties.","Justice George M. Cochran (1912-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1969-1987. A lifelong resident of Staunton, he was a member of the House of Delegates from 1948 to 1966 and the Virginia Senate from 1966 to 1968.","Barbara M. Keenan  (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1991 to 2010, when she was confirmed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was a judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 1985 to 1991. She was the first woman to serve as a circuit and appellate court judge in Virginia.","Cynthia D. Kinser (b. 1951) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1997 to 2014, and as chief justice from 2011 to 2014. She was the third woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia and the first woman to serve as chief justice.","Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. (b. 1940) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1995 to 2011, when he took senior status. He was one ten judges who served on the first Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and served on the court until 1995. He was the second chief judge of the court, serving from 1985 to 1993. From 1976 to 1984, Koontz was a circuit court judge in 23rd judicial circuit in Roanoke; from 1968 to 1976, he was a juvenile and domestic relations judge in the general district court in Roanoke.","Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy (b. 1945) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1989 to 2007, when she took senior status. She was the first woman to serve on the court, the first woman to serve as Deputy Attorney General in Virginia, and the first woman to serve as a judge on the State Corporation Commission. Lacy was born in South Carolina and grew up in Wisconsin.  She worked in Texas as a teacher and Assistant Attorney General and Division Chief (1972-1976) before moving to Virginia. She was Virginia Deputy Attorney General, overseeing all civil litigation, from 1982-1985; and Judge, Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1985-1989.","Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr. (b. 1949) served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 2008 to 2015, when he took senior status. He served on the Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2008. Millette was a circuit court judge in Prince William County from 1993 to 2007, a district court judge from 1990 to 1993, and an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Prince William County from 1986 to 1993. As a circuit court judge he presided over two widely publicized criminal trials: John Wayne Bobbitt in 1993 and John Allen Muhammed in 2003.","Justice Charles S. Russell (b. 1926) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1982-1991. He returned to the court as a senior justice in 2004.Russell practiced law in Arlington and Fairfax from 1951 to 1967 and was appointed judge for the 17th Judicial District in 1967. From 1967 to 1982, Russell was a circuit court judge in Fairfax County.  Russell was born in Richmond.  He served in the U.S. Navy in World II and the Korean War.","Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson (1922-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as justice from 1981 to 1997, when he took senior status. A lifelong resident of Covington, Va., Stephenson practiced law in Covington and was Alleghany County Commonwealth's Attorney and a judge on the 25th judicial circuit before his appointment to the Supreme Court.","Justice John Charles Thomas (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1983-1989. A native of Norfolk, Thomas graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1975 and worked at Hunton \u0026 Williams law form in Richmond, where he became the first African American to be named partner in a large law firm in the South. When Thomas resigned from the Supreme Court in 1989, he returned to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.","Justice W. Carrington (William Carrington) Thompson (1915-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1980-1983. A native of Chatham, Virginia, he established a law practice there after returning from service in the navy during World War II.  Thompson served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1959 to 1968 and the Virginia State Senate from 1968-1973.  He was a circuit judge before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Justice Henry H. Whiting (1923-) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1987 to 1995, when he took senior status. Whiting was born in Fort Logan, Colorado, and spent most of his youth in Winchester, Virginia.  He attended Virginia Tech for one year before enlisting in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Virginia and earned a law degree there in 1949.  He practiced law in Winchester, Virginia, for much of his career. In 1980, Whiting was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit by Governor John Dalton; in 1987, he was elected by the General Assembly to the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Judge G. Steven Agee by Connie Doebele (September 26, 2017, 2 hours, 22 minutes; transcript available), Judge Agee talks about his early life and family, his father's military service in World War II, practicing law in Roanoke, and serving in the House of Delegates.  He discusses changes in Virginia politics in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in Republican party; and serving as an appellate court judge in the state and federal court system. Agee also discusses his legislative career, including his advocacy of changes in the judicial selection process and the parole system; and the unique sense of history associated with the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Judge Joanne Alper (April 12, 2007, 78 minutes; transcript available), Justice Carrico discusses changes he witnessed during his long tenure on the court, his experiences as a young judge and lawyer in northern Virginia (Alexandria and Fairfax and Prince William counties) in the 1940s and 1950s, his work on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. and his relationships with U.S. Supreme Court justices Warren Burger and William Rehnquist.  Toward the end of the interview, he reflects on his relationships with the justices who were on the Supreme Court of Virginia when he was appointed in 1961, his workflow and opinion-writing processes, the creation of the Office of the Executive Secretary (court administrator), and the appointments of the first African American and women justices to the court.  He also talks about the establishment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and a statewide system of Juvenile and Domestic Relations courts in 1972 and 1973. The interview concludes with a discussion of the founding of the National Center for State Courts in 1971.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 28, 2007, 1 hour, 57 minutes; transcript available), Carrico discusses his family and early life on a dairy farm in rural Fairfax County, his father's work as a billboard artist for the General Outdoor Advertising Company and his business operating a riding stable.  He recalls going to a combined grade school and high school in Bailey's Crossroads and attending Lee-Jackson High School in Fairfax County, and working and attending law school in Washington D.C. He discusses his experience working in contract terminations in the navy during World War II, his work as a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County before and after the war, and his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961. Toward the end of the interview, Carrico talks about the process of writing opinions, and his decision in Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, which upheld the state statute barring interracial marriage in 1967.  He reflects on changes in the court during his tenure, including the appointment of the first African American and women justices, and his recollections of the justices who were on the court when he was appointed in 1961 (Chief Justice John Eggleston, Justice L. Warren I'Anson, Justice Claude V. Spratley, Harold F. Snead). The interview ends with a discussion of Carrico's work for the John Marshall Foundation and his thoughts about the historical importance of Marshall's contributions to the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice George M. Cochran by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (March 30, 2007, 1 hour, 56 minutes; transcript available), Justice Cochran talks about his family's roots in Staunton, his ancestor Alexander H.H. Stuart and Stuart's political career before and after the Civil War.  He reflects on his early life in Staunton, his education at Episcopal High School in Alexandria and at the University of Virginia, and his service in the navy in California and the Pacific during World War II. He discusses being a state legislator  during the 1950s and 1960s and efforts by a younger generation of legislators to repeal the poll tax and segregation laws after World War II.  Cochran also reflects on massive resistance and working to establish a community college system in Virginia. He talks about working with fellow state legislators Armistead Boothe, Mosby G. Perrow, Tayloe Murphy, Mills Godwin, and Albertis Harrison, and Governor Colgate Darden, and Governor Lindsay Almond. Toward the end of the interview, Cochran talks about his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, his friendship with Albertis Harrison when they were both on the court, his thoughts about dissenting from the majority, and making the transition from writing legal briefs to writing judicial opinions. The interview concludes with Cochran's recollections about organizing meetings of the Virginia State Bar Association in England and Scotland, the appointment of the first women and African American justices to the court, and socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond.","In the interview of Judge Barbara Milano Keenan by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 6, 2013, 2 hours, 38 minutes; transcript available), Judge Keenan talks about her family's history and the influence of their experiences as immigrants to West Virginia in the early twentieth century, attending Catholic high school in Arlington, Virginia, and Cornell University during the 1960s; and working at the U.S. Department of Justice while attending law school at George Washington University. She discusses her early career as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, working as a lawyer in private practice, her first years on the bench as a district and circuit court judge in Fairfax, and her service on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. She also reflects on the experience of being among the first women judges in Virginia and the influences of mentors and colleagues throughout her career.","The interview of Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser was conducted by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander August 16, 2016, at Gentry Locke law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. The recording and transcript of the interview are closed until August 16, 2026.","In the interview of Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. by Gail Warren, State Law Librarian (May 17, 2013, 55 minutes; transcript available), Justice Koontz talks about growing up in Salem, Virginia, attending Virginia Tech and law school at the University of Richmond, and his early years as a lawyer, commonwealth's attorney, and judge in Roanoke. He reflects on the experience of forming rules and procedures for the Court of Appeals, serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia, and changes in the legal profession and the judiciary during his career.","In the interview of Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 15, 2008, 1 hour, 56 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about growing up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where her parents owned a business, in the 1950s; her education at Catholic schools in Oshkosh and at St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, and attending law school at the University of Texas in Austin.  She talks about her early legal career working for the Texas Legislative Council and the Texas Attorney General's office, where she became the first woman division chief.  She reflects on the political atmosphere in Texas when she was in law school and in the early years of her legal career, and the influence of women such as Barbara Jordan, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Sarah Weddington, and others who were elected to public office in Texas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy recounts moving to Virginia in the late 1970s, her work as Deputy Attorney General under Attorney General Gerald Baliles, her appointment to the State Corporation Commission in 1985 and her work there, and her appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1989.  The interview ends with Lacy's reflections on her early experiences on the court and changes in the court during her tenure.","In the interview of Justice Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (October 8, 2008, 1 hour, 38 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about the appellate court process and the experience of working as a member of a group.  She recalls cases that were particularly memorable involving redistricting, the definition of injury in a medical malpractice suit involving a tubal litigation; and a privacy case pertaining to parents' right to serve alcohol to minors in the privacy of their homes. She also talks about the early use of DNA evidence in Virginia and problems with evidence in death penalty cases.  In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy talks about her work on the Virginia Taskforce on Gender Bias in the Courtroom, her thoughts about gender, feminism, and gender discrimination, her perception of changes in the tone of the court during the period she served, her approach to decision-making in a group, the opinion-writing process, writing techniques, and working with law clerks.  Toward the end of the interview, Justice Lacy reflects on her involvement in professional organizations like the National Association of Women Judges and the American Bar Association, and the importance of being a public advocate for the judicial system.  She talks about the regulatory role of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and her efforts to stay informed of changes in legal education and practice.  The interview concludes with Justice Lacy's reflections on her legacy as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Millette by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 16, 2017, 2 hours, 1 minute; transcript available) Millette talks about his family and growing up in Alexandria and Fairfax Virginia, attending the College of William and Mary, establishing a law practice in Prince William County, working as an assistant commonwealth's attorney and becoming a judge. He discusses his experiences presiding over the trial of John Wayne Bobbitt, in 1993, and John Allen Muhammad in 2003; and working as a circuit court and appellate judge.","In the interview of Justice Charles S. Russell by Judge Joanne Alper (April 23, 2007, 68 minutes; transcript available), Russell talks about his experience as a circuit court judge in Arlington County and his tenure on the Supreme Court of Virginia.  He discusses his election to the court by one vote in 1982 and reflects on changes in the Virginia judiciary during his tenure as a justice and senior justice, particularly a greater acceptance of dissent and declining deference toward older justices.  Russell also talks about colorful personalities he remembers from his early years as a member of the Arlington County bar.  He talks about Judge Walter T. McCarthy, who inspired him when he was a child growing up in Arlington.  Russell also reflects on memorable cases and historical events during his career.  The interview closes with Russell's recollection of watching the attack on the Pentagon from his office window in Arlington on September 11, 2001, and his thoughts about the lasting impact of the event.","In the interview of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (April 30, 2007, 1 hour, 27 minutes; transcript available), Justice Stephenson talks about his parents and siblings and growing up in Covington, Virginia, where his father was a lawyer.  He recalls attending Washington and Lee University as an undergraduate and working on a construction project in Hampton and a steamer out of Baltimore during the break between college and law school, after he was discharged from the military on account of a heart murmur.  Stephenson recalls that he was only one of two students attending law school at Washington and Lee University in 1945 because of the war. He talks about returning to Covington after law school, practicing law there with his father in the 1950s, and being Commonwealth's Attorney and a circuit court judge in Alleghany County.  Stephenson reflects on changes in the judiciary beginning in the 1970s, particularly the increase of women, and the appointment of Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman justice, to the court in 1989.  In the second part of the interview, Stephenson talks about his approach to writing opinions and cases that were particularly memorable. He discusses the use of DNA evidence in the Spencer v. Commonwealth of Virginia cases, other death penalty cases, and cases involving rights to mine coal and gas. The interview closes with Stephenson's recollections of his relationships with other justices and law clerks and memories of socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond when the court was in session.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 11, 2007, 2 hours, 21 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thomas discusses his family's roots in the Huntersville neighborhood of Norfolk, growing up in segregated Norfolk, and the influence on him of his parents, grandparents, extended  family, community, school, and church.  He recalls his maternal grandfather, who taught him to recite poetry when he was a young boy, and the minister of the First Baptist Church. He talks about his decision to attend Maury High School, a predominantly white high school in Norfolk, in 1965, and his experiences as a student there; and attending the University of Virginia.  Thomas also reflects on clerking for the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department one summer when he was a law student, and how this experience helped him in his efforts to secure a position at a large law firm in Virginia after he graduated.  He recounts his early years working at the Richmond law firm Hunton \u0026 Williams, where he did legal work for Virginia Electric and Power Company, and becoming the first African American lawyer to make partner at a white law firm in the South. Toward the end of the interview, Thomas discusses his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia and being the first African American appointed to the court.  He reflects on differences between himself and the other justices, in style, training, and age.  The interview closes with Thomas' thoughts on memorable opinions.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (August 8, 2007, 1 hour, five minutes; transcript available), Thomas talks about his legal career in more detail, from his work as a young lawyer at Hunton \u0026 Williams, to his work as a justice, to his work on appellate cases after returning to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.  He recalls traveling to small courthouses around Virginia and arguing cases before the supreme court as a young lawyer.  Thomas also elaborates on his nomination to the court and adjusting to being an appellate judge. He reflects on the changes he observed when Justice Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman appointed to the court, joined the men on the court, and the generation gap he felt existed between himself and Lacy and the rest of the justices, who were much older. Thomas concludes by talking about the changes he has witnessed during his lifetime and the sacrifices made by Oliver Hill and other pioneering African American lawyers as they worked to change institutions that were resistant to change.","In the interview of Justice W. Carrington Thompson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (November 14, 2007, 1 hour, 32 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thompson talks about his parents and his early life in Chatham, Virginia, particularly the influence of his father; his experiences as a student at Hampden-Sydney College, his professors, his religious education and the importance of his religious faith throughout his life.  He talks about attending law school at the University of Virginia and being in the navy during World War II in the South Pacific.  Thompson recalls his career in Chatham as a lawyer, state legislator, and circuit court judge.  He reflects on the political circumstances of his appointments to the circuit court and Supreme Court of Virginia and his decision to retire after serving only three years.  The interview closes with Thompson's thoughts on writing opinions in two death-penalty cases while he was on the court, his views on the death penalty, and his strict contructionist views on the Constitution and the role of the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice Henry H. Whiting by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (December 12, 2011, 1 hour, 35 minutes; transcript available), Justice Whiting talks about his family, growing up in Winchester, Va., serving in the army during World War II and witnessing the Battle of Remagen, and his thoughts about General George S. Patton, who knew his father and was his godfather; attending college and law school at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia, and practicing law in Winchester.  Toward the end of interview, he discusses being a circuit judge in Winchester, his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, and serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","The interview of Cynthia D. Kinser is closed until August 16, 2026.","Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following:  Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission.","Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews,    \n2007-"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942, 00032213, 00032782, 00040432, 00041143"],"unitid_tesim":["00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942, 00032213, 00032782, 00040432, 00041143"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.) -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- History -- 20th century.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century."],"creator_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission."],"creators_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-.","Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The interviews were created for the Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, 2007-2018. In 2016, copies of interviews conducted from 2007-2016 were donated to the Library of Virginia for longterm preservation and access."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American judges  -- Biographies.","African American judges -- Interviews.","Civil rights -- United States -- History -- 20th century.","Judges -- Virginia -- biographies.","Judges -- Virginia -- interviews.","Segregation in education -- Virginia.","Massive resistance.","Minorities -- Civil rights -- Virginia.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Biographies.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Interviews.","Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American judges  -- Biographies.","African American judges -- Interviews.","Civil rights -- United States -- History -- 20th century.","Judges -- Virginia -- biographies.","Judges -- Virginia -- interviews.","Segregation in education -- Virginia.","Massive resistance.","Minorities -- Civil rights -- Virginia.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Biographies.","Women judges -- Virginia -- Interviews.","Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["15 mini video cassettes (DV camera) and 4 digital moving image files recorded with HDV camera; 15 transcripts."],"genreform_ssim":["Oral histories (document genre) -- Virginia."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Advisory Committee (formerly Commission) was established in 2006 to preserve and promote the history of the court. Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court justices, Court of Appeals judges, other individuals associated with the court, and civil rights attorneys were begun in 2007.  The project was brought under the auspices of the Virginia State Law Library in 2011 and is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudge G. Steven Agee (b. 1952) was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 2003 and served until 2008, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He served on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2001 to 2003. He was in private practice in Roanoke from 1977 to 2000 and a member of the House of Delegates from 1982 to 1994. Agee was born in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e  \n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Harry Lee Carrico (b. 1916) was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1961 and was chief justice from 1981-2003. Before joining the court, he was a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County.  He was an ensign in the he navy during World War II. Carrico was born in Washington D.C. and reared in rural Fauquier and Fairfax counties.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice George M. Cochran (1912-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1969-1987. A lifelong resident of Staunton, he was a member of the House of Delegates from 1948 to 1966 and the Virginia Senate from 1966 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBarbara M. Keenan  (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1991 to 2010, when she was confirmed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was a judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 1985 to 1991. She was the first woman to serve as a circuit and appellate court judge in Virginia. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCynthia D. Kinser (b. 1951) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1997 to 2014, and as chief justice from 2011 to 2014. She was the third woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia and the first woman to serve as chief justice.\u003c/p\u003e \n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. (b. 1940) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1995 to 2011, when he took senior status. He was one ten judges who served on the first Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and served on the court until 1995. He was the second chief judge of the court, serving from 1985 to 1993. From 1976 to 1984, Koontz was a circuit court judge in 23rd judicial circuit in Roanoke; from 1968 to 1976, he was a juvenile and domestic relations judge in the general district court in Roanoke.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Elizabeth B. Lacy (b. 1945) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1989 to 2007, when she took senior status. She was the first woman to serve on the court, the first woman to serve as Deputy Attorney General in Virginia, and the first woman to serve as a judge on the State Corporation Commission. Lacy was born in South Carolina and grew up in Wisconsin.  She worked in Texas as a teacher and Assistant Attorney General and Division Chief (1972-1976) before moving to Virginia. She was Virginia Deputy Attorney General, overseeing all civil litigation, from 1982-1985; and Judge, Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1985-1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJustice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr. (b. 1949) served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 2008 to 2015, when he took senior status. He served on the Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2008. Millette was a circuit court judge in Prince William County from 1993 to 2007, a district court judge from 1990 to 1993, and an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Prince William County from 1986 to 1993. As a circuit court judge he presided over two widely publicized criminal trials: John Wayne Bobbitt in 1993 and John Allen Muhammed in 2003.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Charles S. Russell (b. 1926) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1982-1991. He returned to the court as a senior justice in 2004.Russell practiced law in Arlington and Fairfax from 1951 to 1967 and was appointed judge for the 17th Judicial District in 1967. From 1967 to 1982, Russell was a circuit court judge in Fairfax County.  Russell was born in Richmond.  He served in the U.S. Navy in World II and the Korean War.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Roscoe B. Stephenson (1922-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as justice from 1981 to 1997, when he took senior status. A lifelong resident of Covington, Va., Stephenson practiced law in Covington and was Alleghany County Commonwealth's Attorney and a judge on the 25th judicial circuit before his appointment to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice John Charles Thomas (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1983-1989. A native of Norfolk, Thomas graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1975 and worked at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams law form in Richmond, where he became the first African American to be named partner in a large law firm in the South. When Thomas resigned from the Supreme Court in 1989, he returned to private practice at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice W. Carrington (William Carrington) Thompson (1915-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1980-1983. A native of Chatham, Virginia, he established a law practice there after returning from service in the navy during World War II.  Thompson served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1959 to 1968 and the Virginia State Senate from 1968-1973.  He was a circuit judge before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJustice Henry H. Whiting (1923-) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1987 to 1995, when he took senior status. Whiting was born in Fort Logan, Colorado, and spent most of his youth in Winchester, Virginia.  He attended Virginia Tech for one year before enlisting in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Virginia and earned a law degree there in 1949.  He practiced law in Winchester, Virginia, for much of his career. In 1980, Whiting was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit by Governor John Dalton; in 1987, he was elected by the General Assembly to the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Advisory Committee (formerly Commission) was established in 2006 to preserve and promote the history of the court. Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court justices, Court of Appeals judges, other individuals associated with the court, and civil rights attorneys were begun in 2007.  The project was brought under the auspices of the Virginia State Law Library in 2011 and is ongoing.","Judge G. Steven Agee (b. 1952) was elected to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 2003 and served until 2008, when he was appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He served on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 2001 to 2003. He was in private practice in Roanoke from 1977 to 2000 and a member of the House of Delegates from 1982 to 1994. Agee was born in Roanoke.","Justice Harry Lee Carrico (b. 1916) was appointed to the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1961 and was chief justice from 1981-2003. Before joining the court, he was a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County.  He was an ensign in the he navy during World War II. Carrico was born in Washington D.C. and reared in rural Fauquier and Fairfax counties.","Justice George M. Cochran (1912-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1969-1987. A lifelong resident of Staunton, he was a member of the House of Delegates from 1948 to 1966 and the Virginia Senate from 1966 to 1968.","Barbara M. Keenan  (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1991 to 2010, when she was confirmed as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was a judge on the Court of Appeals of Virginia from 1985 to 1991. She was the first woman to serve as a circuit and appellate court judge in Virginia.","Cynthia D. Kinser (b. 1951) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1997 to 2014, and as chief justice from 2011 to 2014. She was the third woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia and the first woman to serve as chief justice.","Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. (b. 1940) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1995 to 2011, when he took senior status. He was one ten judges who served on the first Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and served on the court until 1995. He was the second chief judge of the court, serving from 1985 to 1993. From 1976 to 1984, Koontz was a circuit court judge in 23rd judicial circuit in Roanoke; from 1968 to 1976, he was a juvenile and domestic relations judge in the general district court in Roanoke.","Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy (b. 1945) served as justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1989 to 2007, when she took senior status. She was the first woman to serve on the court, the first woman to serve as Deputy Attorney General in Virginia, and the first woman to serve as a judge on the State Corporation Commission. Lacy was born in South Carolina and grew up in Wisconsin.  She worked in Texas as a teacher and Assistant Attorney General and Division Chief (1972-1976) before moving to Virginia. She was Virginia Deputy Attorney General, overseeing all civil litigation, from 1982-1985; and Judge, Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1985-1989.","Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr. (b. 1949) served as a justice on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 2008 to 2015, when he took senior status. He served on the Court of Appeals from 2007 to 2008. Millette was a circuit court judge in Prince William County from 1993 to 2007, a district court judge from 1990 to 1993, and an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Prince William County from 1986 to 1993. As a circuit court judge he presided over two widely publicized criminal trials: John Wayne Bobbitt in 1993 and John Allen Muhammed in 2003.","Justice Charles S. Russell (b. 1926) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1982-1991. He returned to the court as a senior justice in 2004.Russell practiced law in Arlington and Fairfax from 1951 to 1967 and was appointed judge for the 17th Judicial District in 1967. From 1967 to 1982, Russell was a circuit court judge in Fairfax County.  Russell was born in Richmond.  He served in the U.S. Navy in World II and the Korean War.","Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson (1922-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia as justice from 1981 to 1997, when he took senior status. A lifelong resident of Covington, Va., Stephenson practiced law in Covington and was Alleghany County Commonwealth's Attorney and a judge on the 25th judicial circuit before his appointment to the Supreme Court.","Justice John Charles Thomas (b. 1950) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1983-1989. A native of Norfolk, Thomas graduated from the University of Virginia law school in 1975 and worked at Hunton \u0026 Williams law form in Richmond, where he became the first African American to be named partner in a large law firm in the South. When Thomas resigned from the Supreme Court in 1989, he returned to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.","Justice W. Carrington (William Carrington) Thompson (1915-2011) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1980-1983. A native of Chatham, Virginia, he established a law practice there after returning from service in the navy during World War II.  Thompson served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1959 to 1968 and the Virginia State Senate from 1968-1973.  He was a circuit judge before his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia.","Justice Henry H. Whiting (1923-) served on the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1987 to 1995, when he took senior status. Whiting was born in Fort Logan, Colorado, and spent most of his youth in Winchester, Virginia.  He attended Virginia Tech for one year before enlisting in the U.S. Army during World War II. After the war, he attended the University of Virginia and earned a law degree there in 1949.  He practiced law in Winchester, Virginia, for much of his career. In 1980, Whiting was appointed to the 28th Judicial Circuit by Governor John Dalton; in 1987, he was elected by the General Assembly to the Supreme Court of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews, 2007-2018, Accession numbers  00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942,00032213,00032782, 00040432, 00041143, and 00042014. Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Oral History Interviews, 2007-2018, Accession numbers  00013640, 00013636, 00018856, 00014536, 00014999, 00018746, 00028942,00032213,00032782, 00040432, 00041143, and 00042014. Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Judge G. Steven Agee by Connie Doebele (September 26, 2017, 2 hours, 22 minutes; transcript available), Judge Agee talks about his early life and family, his father's military service in World War II, practicing law in Roanoke, and serving in the House of Delegates.  He discusses changes in Virginia politics in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in Republican party; and serving as an appellate court judge in the state and federal court system. Agee also discusses his legislative career, including his advocacy of changes in the judicial selection process and the parole system; and the unique sense of history associated with the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Judge Joanne Alper (April 12, 2007, 78 minutes; transcript available), Justice Carrico discusses changes he witnessed during his long tenure on the court, his experiences as a young judge and lawyer in northern Virginia (Alexandria and Fairfax and Prince William counties) in the 1940s and 1950s, his work on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. and his relationships with U.S. Supreme Court justices Warren Burger and William Rehnquist.  Toward the end of the interview, he reflects on his relationships with the justices who were on the Supreme Court of Virginia when he was appointed in 1961, his workflow and opinion-writing processes, the creation of the Office of the Executive Secretary (court administrator), and the appointments of the first African American and women justices to the court.  He also talks about the establishment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and a statewide system of Juvenile and Domestic Relations courts in 1972 and 1973. The interview concludes with a discussion of the founding of the National Center for State Courts in 1971.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 28, 2007, 1 hour, 57 minutes; transcript available), Carrico discusses his family and early life on a dairy farm in rural Fairfax County, his father's work as a billboard artist for the General Outdoor Advertising Company and his business operating a riding stable.  He recalls going to a combined grade school and high school in Bailey's Crossroads and attending Lee-Jackson High School in Fairfax County, and working and attending law school in Washington D.C. He discusses his experience working in contract terminations in the navy during World War II, his work as a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County before and after the war, and his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961. Toward the end of the interview, Carrico talks about the process of writing opinions, and his decision in Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, which upheld the state statute barring interracial marriage in 1967.  He reflects on changes in the court during his tenure, including the appointment of the first African American and women justices, and his recollections of the justices who were on the court when he was appointed in 1961 (Chief Justice John Eggleston, Justice L. Warren I'Anson, Justice Claude V. Spratley, Harold F. Snead). The interview ends with a discussion of Carrico's work for the John Marshall Foundation and his thoughts about the historical importance of Marshall's contributions to the judiciary.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice George M. Cochran by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (March 30, 2007, 1 hour, 56 minutes; transcript available), Justice Cochran talks about his family's roots in Staunton, his ancestor Alexander H.H. Stuart and Stuart's political career before and after the Civil War.  He reflects on his early life in Staunton, his education at Episcopal High School in Alexandria and at the University of Virginia, and his service in the navy in California and the Pacific during World War II. He discusses being a state legislator  during the 1950s and 1960s and efforts by a younger generation of legislators to repeal the poll tax and segregation laws after World War II.  Cochran also reflects on massive resistance and working to establish a community college system in Virginia. He talks about working with fellow state legislators Armistead Boothe, Mosby G. Perrow, Tayloe Murphy, Mills Godwin, and Albertis Harrison, and Governor Colgate Darden, and Governor Lindsay Almond. Toward the end of the interview, Cochran talks about his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, his friendship with Albertis Harrison when they were both on the court, his thoughts about dissenting from the majority, and making the transition from writing legal briefs to writing judicial opinions. The interview concludes with Cochran's recollections about organizing meetings of the Virginia State Bar Association in England and Scotland, the appointment of the first women and African American justices to the court, and socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Judge Barbara Milano Keenan by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 6, 2013, 2 hours, 38 minutes; transcript available), Judge Keenan talks about her family's history and the influence of their experiences as immigrants to West Virginia in the early twentieth century, attending Catholic high school in Arlington, Virginia, and Cornell University during the 1960s; and working at the U.S. Department of Justice while attending law school at George Washington University. She discusses her early career as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, working as a lawyer in private practice, her first years on the bench as a district and circuit court judge in Fairfax, and her service on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. She also reflects on the experience of being among the first women judges in Virginia and the influences of mentors and colleagues throughout her career.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interview of Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser was conducted by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander August 16, 2016, at Gentry Locke law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. The recording and transcript of the interview are closed until August 16, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. by Gail Warren, State Law Librarian (May 17, 2013, 55 minutes; transcript available), Justice Koontz talks about growing up in Salem, Virginia, attending Virginia Tech and law school at the University of Richmond, and his early years as a lawyer, commonwealth's attorney, and judge in Roanoke. He reflects on the experience of forming rules and procedures for the Court of Appeals, serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia, and changes in the legal profession and the judiciary during his career.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 15, 2008, 1 hour, 56 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about growing up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where her parents owned a business, in the 1950s; her education at Catholic schools in Oshkosh and at St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, and attending law school at the University of Texas in Austin.  She talks about her early legal career working for the Texas Legislative Council and the Texas Attorney General's office, where she became the first woman division chief.  She reflects on the political atmosphere in Texas when she was in law school and in the early years of her legal career, and the influence of women such as Barbara Jordan, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Sarah Weddington, and others who were elected to public office in Texas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy recounts moving to Virginia in the late 1970s, her work as Deputy Attorney General under Attorney General Gerald Baliles, her appointment to the State Corporation Commission in 1985 and her work there, and her appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1989.  The interview ends with Lacy's reflections on her early experiences on the court and changes in the court during her tenure.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (October 8, 2008, 1 hour, 38 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about the appellate court process and the experience of working as a member of a group.  She recalls cases that were particularly memorable involving redistricting, the definition of injury in a medical malpractice suit involving a tubal litigation; and a privacy case pertaining to parents' right to serve alcohol to minors in the privacy of their homes. She also talks about the early use of DNA evidence in Virginia and problems with evidence in death penalty cases.  In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy talks about her work on the Virginia Taskforce on Gender Bias in the Courtroom, her thoughts about gender, feminism, and gender discrimination, her perception of changes in the tone of the court during the period she served, her approach to decision-making in a group, the opinion-writing process, writing techniques, and working with law clerks.  Toward the end of the interview, Justice Lacy reflects on her involvement in professional organizations like the National Association of Women Judges and the American Bar Association, and the importance of being a public advocate for the judicial system.  She talks about the regulatory role of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and her efforts to stay informed of changes in legal education and practice.  The interview concludes with Justice Lacy's reflections on her legacy as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Millette by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 16, 2017, 2 hours, 1 minute; transcript available) Millette talks about his family and growing up in Alexandria and Fairfax Virginia, attending the College of William and Mary, establishing a law practice in Prince William County, working as an assistant commonwealth's attorney and becoming a judge. He discusses his experiences presiding over the trial of John Wayne Bobbitt, in 1993, and John Allen Muhammad in 2003; and working as a circuit court and appellate judge.\u003c/p\u003e   \n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Charles S. Russell by Judge Joanne Alper (April 23, 2007, 68 minutes; transcript available), Russell talks about his experience as a circuit court judge in Arlington County and his tenure on the Supreme Court of Virginia.  He discusses his election to the court by one vote in 1982 and reflects on changes in the Virginia judiciary during his tenure as a justice and senior justice, particularly a greater acceptance of dissent and declining deference toward older justices.  Russell also talks about colorful personalities he remembers from his early years as a member of the Arlington County bar.  He talks about Judge Walter T. McCarthy, who inspired him when he was a child growing up in Arlington.  Russell also reflects on memorable cases and historical events during his career.  The interview closes with Russell's recollection of watching the attack on the Pentagon from his office window in Arlington on September 11, 2001, and his thoughts about the lasting impact of the event.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (April 30, 2007, 1 hour, 27 minutes; transcript available), Justice Stephenson talks about his parents and siblings and growing up in Covington, Virginia, where his father was a lawyer.  He recalls attending Washington and Lee University as an undergraduate and working on a construction project in Hampton and a steamer out of Baltimore during the break between college and law school, after he was discharged from the military on account of a heart murmur.  Stephenson recalls that he was only one of two students attending law school at Washington and Lee University in 1945 because of the war. He talks about returning to Covington after law school, practicing law there with his father in the 1950s, and being Commonwealth's Attorney and a circuit court judge in Alleghany County.  Stephenson reflects on changes in the judiciary beginning in the 1970s, particularly the increase of women, and the appointment of Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman justice, to the court in 1989.  In the second part of the interview, Stephenson talks about his approach to writing opinions and cases that were particularly memorable. He discusses the use of DNA evidence in the Spencer v. Commonwealth of Virginia cases, other death penalty cases, and cases involving rights to mine coal and gas. The interview closes with Stephenson's recollections of his relationships with other justices and law clerks and memories of socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond when the court was in session.          \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 11, 2007, 2 hours, 21 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thomas discusses his family's roots in the Huntersville neighborhood of Norfolk, growing up in segregated Norfolk, and the influence on him of his parents, grandparents, extended  family, community, school, and church.  He recalls his maternal grandfather, who taught him to recite poetry when he was a young boy, and the minister of the First Baptist Church. He talks about his decision to attend Maury High School, a predominantly white high school in Norfolk, in 1965, and his experiences as a student there; and attending the University of Virginia.  Thomas also reflects on clerking for the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department one summer when he was a law student, and how this experience helped him in his efforts to secure a position at a large law firm in Virginia after he graduated.  He recounts his early years working at the Richmond law firm Hunton \u0026amp; Williams, where he did legal work for Virginia Electric and Power Company, and becoming the first African American lawyer to make partner at a white law firm in the South. Toward the end of the interview, Thomas discusses his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia and being the first African American appointed to the court.  He reflects on differences between himself and the other justices, in style, training, and age.  The interview closes with Thomas' thoughts on memorable opinions.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (August 8, 2007, 1 hour, five minutes; transcript available), Thomas talks about his legal career in more detail, from his work as a young lawyer at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams, to his work as a justice, to his work on appellate cases after returning to private practice at Hunton \u0026amp; Williams.  He recalls traveling to small courthouses around Virginia and arguing cases before the supreme court as a young lawyer.  Thomas also elaborates on his nomination to the court and adjusting to being an appellate judge. He reflects on the changes he observed when Justice Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman appointed to the court, joined the men on the court, and the generation gap he felt existed between himself and Lacy and the rest of the justices, who were much older. Thomas concludes by talking about the changes he has witnessed during his lifetime and the sacrifices made by Oliver Hill and other pioneering African American lawyers as they worked to change institutions that were resistant to change.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice W. Carrington Thompson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (November 14, 2007, 1 hour, 32 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thompson talks about his parents and his early life in Chatham, Virginia, particularly the influence of his father; his experiences as a student at Hampden-Sydney College, his professors, his religious education and the importance of his religious faith throughout his life.  He talks about attending law school at the University of Virginia and being in the navy during World War II in the South Pacific.  Thompson recalls his career in Chatham as a lawyer, state legislator, and circuit court judge.  He reflects on the political circumstances of his appointments to the circuit court and Supreme Court of Virginia and his decision to retire after serving only three years.  The interview closes with Thompson's thoughts on writing opinions in two death-penalty cases while he was on the court, his views on the death penalty, and his strict contructionist views on the Constitution and the role of the judiciary.     \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the interview of Justice Henry H. Whiting by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (December 12, 2011, 1 hour, 35 minutes; transcript available), Justice Whiting talks about his family, growing up in Winchester, Va., serving in the army during World War II and witnessing the Battle of Remagen, and his thoughts about General George S. Patton, who knew his father and was his godfather; attending college and law school at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia, and practicing law in Winchester.  Toward the end of interview, he discusses being a circuit judge in Winchester, his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, and serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["In the interview of Judge G. Steven Agee by Connie Doebele (September 26, 2017, 2 hours, 22 minutes; transcript available), Judge Agee talks about his early life and family, his father's military service in World War II, practicing law in Roanoke, and serving in the House of Delegates.  He discusses changes in Virginia politics in the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in Republican party; and serving as an appellate court judge in the state and federal court system. Agee also discusses his legislative career, including his advocacy of changes in the judicial selection process and the parole system; and the unique sense of history associated with the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Judge Joanne Alper (April 12, 2007, 78 minutes; transcript available), Justice Carrico discusses changes he witnessed during his long tenure on the court, his experiences as a young judge and lawyer in northern Virginia (Alexandria and Fairfax and Prince William counties) in the 1940s and 1950s, his work on the Judicial Conference of the U.S. and his relationships with U.S. Supreme Court justices Warren Burger and William Rehnquist.  Toward the end of the interview, he reflects on his relationships with the justices who were on the Supreme Court of Virginia when he was appointed in 1961, his workflow and opinion-writing processes, the creation of the Office of the Executive Secretary (court administrator), and the appointments of the first African American and women justices to the court.  He also talks about the establishment of the Court of Appeals of Virginia in 1985 and a statewide system of Juvenile and Domestic Relations courts in 1972 and 1973. The interview concludes with a discussion of the founding of the National Center for State Courts in 1971.","In the interview of Justice Harry Carrico by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 28, 2007, 1 hour, 57 minutes; transcript available), Carrico discusses his family and early life on a dairy farm in rural Fairfax County, his father's work as a billboard artist for the General Outdoor Advertising Company and his business operating a riding stable.  He recalls going to a combined grade school and high school in Bailey's Crossroads and attending Lee-Jackson High School in Fairfax County, and working and attending law school in Washington D.C. He discusses his experience working in contract terminations in the navy during World War II, his work as a lawyer and judge in Fairfax County before and after the war, and his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1961. Toward the end of the interview, Carrico talks about the process of writing opinions, and his decision in Loving v. Commonwealth of Virginia, which upheld the state statute barring interracial marriage in 1967.  He reflects on changes in the court during his tenure, including the appointment of the first African American and women justices, and his recollections of the justices who were on the court when he was appointed in 1961 (Chief Justice John Eggleston, Justice L. Warren I'Anson, Justice Claude V. Spratley, Harold F. Snead). The interview ends with a discussion of Carrico's work for the John Marshall Foundation and his thoughts about the historical importance of Marshall's contributions to the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice George M. Cochran by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (March 30, 2007, 1 hour, 56 minutes; transcript available), Justice Cochran talks about his family's roots in Staunton, his ancestor Alexander H.H. Stuart and Stuart's political career before and after the Civil War.  He reflects on his early life in Staunton, his education at Episcopal High School in Alexandria and at the University of Virginia, and his service in the navy in California and the Pacific during World War II. He discusses being a state legislator  during the 1950s and 1960s and efforts by a younger generation of legislators to repeal the poll tax and segregation laws after World War II.  Cochran also reflects on massive resistance and working to establish a community college system in Virginia. He talks about working with fellow state legislators Armistead Boothe, Mosby G. Perrow, Tayloe Murphy, Mills Godwin, and Albertis Harrison, and Governor Colgate Darden, and Governor Lindsay Almond. Toward the end of the interview, Cochran talks about his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, his friendship with Albertis Harrison when they were both on the court, his thoughts about dissenting from the majority, and making the transition from writing legal briefs to writing judicial opinions. The interview concludes with Cochran's recollections about organizing meetings of the Virginia State Bar Association in England and Scotland, the appointment of the first women and African American justices to the court, and socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond.","In the interview of Judge Barbara Milano Keenan by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 6, 2013, 2 hours, 38 minutes; transcript available), Judge Keenan talks about her family's history and the influence of their experiences as immigrants to West Virginia in the early twentieth century, attending Catholic high school in Arlington, Virginia, and Cornell University during the 1960s; and working at the U.S. Department of Justice while attending law school at George Washington University. She discusses her early career as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Fairfax County, working as a lawyer in private practice, her first years on the bench as a district and circuit court judge in Fairfax, and her service on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, the Supreme Court of Virginia, and the Fourth Circuit, U.S. Court of Appeals. She also reflects on the experience of being among the first women judges in Virginia and the influences of mentors and colleagues throughout her career.","The interview of Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser was conducted by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander August 16, 2016, at Gentry Locke law firm in Roanoke, Virginia. The recording and transcript of the interview are closed until August 16, 2026.","In the interview of Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr. by Gail Warren, State Law Librarian (May 17, 2013, 55 minutes; transcript available), Justice Koontz talks about growing up in Salem, Virginia, attending Virginia Tech and law school at the University of Richmond, and his early years as a lawyer, commonwealth's attorney, and judge in Roanoke. He reflects on the experience of forming rules and procedures for the Court of Appeals, serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia, and changes in the legal profession and the judiciary during his career.","In the interview of Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (September 15, 2008, 1 hour, 56 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about growing up in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where her parents owned a business, in the 1950s; her education at Catholic schools in Oshkosh and at St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, and attending law school at the University of Texas in Austin.  She talks about her early legal career working for the Texas Legislative Council and the Texas Attorney General's office, where she became the first woman division chief.  She reflects on the political atmosphere in Texas when she was in law school and in the early years of her legal career, and the influence of women such as Barbara Jordan, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Sarah Weddington, and others who were elected to public office in Texas in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy recounts moving to Virginia in the late 1970s, her work as Deputy Attorney General under Attorney General Gerald Baliles, her appointment to the State Corporation Commission in 1985 and her work there, and her appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1989.  The interview ends with Lacy's reflections on her early experiences on the court and changes in the court during her tenure.","In the interview of Justice Lacy by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (October 8, 2008, 1 hour, 38 minutes, transcript available), Justice Lacy talks about the appellate court process and the experience of working as a member of a group.  She recalls cases that were particularly memorable involving redistricting, the definition of injury in a medical malpractice suit involving a tubal litigation; and a privacy case pertaining to parents' right to serve alcohol to minors in the privacy of their homes. She also talks about the early use of DNA evidence in Virginia and problems with evidence in death penalty cases.  In the second part of the interview, Justice Lacy talks about her work on the Virginia Taskforce on Gender Bias in the Courtroom, her thoughts about gender, feminism, and gender discrimination, her perception of changes in the tone of the court during the period she served, her approach to decision-making in a group, the opinion-writing process, writing techniques, and working with law clerks.  Toward the end of the interview, Justice Lacy reflects on her involvement in professional organizations like the National Association of Women Judges and the American Bar Association, and the importance of being a public advocate for the judicial system.  She talks about the regulatory role of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and her efforts to stay informed of changes in legal education and practice.  The interview concludes with Justice Lacy's reflections on her legacy as the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of Virginia.","In the interview of Justice Millette by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 16, 2017, 2 hours, 1 minute; transcript available) Millette talks about his family and growing up in Alexandria and Fairfax Virginia, attending the College of William and Mary, establishing a law practice in Prince William County, working as an assistant commonwealth's attorney and becoming a judge. He discusses his experiences presiding over the trial of John Wayne Bobbitt, in 1993, and John Allen Muhammad in 2003; and working as a circuit court and appellate judge.","In the interview of Justice Charles S. Russell by Judge Joanne Alper (April 23, 2007, 68 minutes; transcript available), Russell talks about his experience as a circuit court judge in Arlington County and his tenure on the Supreme Court of Virginia.  He discusses his election to the court by one vote in 1982 and reflects on changes in the Virginia judiciary during his tenure as a justice and senior justice, particularly a greater acceptance of dissent and declining deference toward older justices.  Russell also talks about colorful personalities he remembers from his early years as a member of the Arlington County bar.  He talks about Judge Walter T. McCarthy, who inspired him when he was a child growing up in Arlington.  Russell also reflects on memorable cases and historical events during his career.  The interview closes with Russell's recollection of watching the attack on the Pentagon from his office window in Arlington on September 11, 2001, and his thoughts about the lasting impact of the event.","In the interview of Justice Roscoe B. Stephenson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (April 30, 2007, 1 hour, 27 minutes; transcript available), Justice Stephenson talks about his parents and siblings and growing up in Covington, Virginia, where his father was a lawyer.  He recalls attending Washington and Lee University as an undergraduate and working on a construction project in Hampton and a steamer out of Baltimore during the break between college and law school, after he was discharged from the military on account of a heart murmur.  Stephenson recalls that he was only one of two students attending law school at Washington and Lee University in 1945 because of the war. He talks about returning to Covington after law school, practicing law there with his father in the 1950s, and being Commonwealth's Attorney and a circuit court judge in Alleghany County.  Stephenson reflects on changes in the judiciary beginning in the 1970s, particularly the increase of women, and the appointment of Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman justice, to the court in 1989.  In the second part of the interview, Stephenson talks about his approach to writing opinions and cases that were particularly memorable. He discusses the use of DNA evidence in the Spencer v. Commonwealth of Virginia cases, other death penalty cases, and cases involving rights to mine coal and gas. The interview closes with Stephenson's recollections of his relationships with other justices and law clerks and memories of socializing with other out-of-town justices at the John Marshall Hotel in Richmond when the court was in session.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (June 11, 2007, 2 hours, 21 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thomas discusses his family's roots in the Huntersville neighborhood of Norfolk, growing up in segregated Norfolk, and the influence on him of his parents, grandparents, extended  family, community, school, and church.  He recalls his maternal grandfather, who taught him to recite poetry when he was a young boy, and the minister of the First Baptist Church. He talks about his decision to attend Maury High School, a predominantly white high school in Norfolk, in 1965, and his experiences as a student there; and attending the University of Virginia.  Thomas also reflects on clerking for the Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department one summer when he was a law student, and how this experience helped him in his efforts to secure a position at a large law firm in Virginia after he graduated.  He recounts his early years working at the Richmond law firm Hunton \u0026 Williams, where he did legal work for Virginia Electric and Power Company, and becoming the first African American lawyer to make partner at a white law firm in the South. Toward the end of the interview, Thomas discusses his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia and being the first African American appointed to the court.  He reflects on differences between himself and the other justices, in style, training, and age.  The interview closes with Thomas' thoughts on memorable opinions.","In the interview of Justice John Charles Thomas by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (August 8, 2007, 1 hour, five minutes; transcript available), Thomas talks about his legal career in more detail, from his work as a young lawyer at Hunton \u0026 Williams, to his work as a justice, to his work on appellate cases after returning to private practice at Hunton \u0026 Williams.  He recalls traveling to small courthouses around Virginia and arguing cases before the supreme court as a young lawyer.  Thomas also elaborates on his nomination to the court and adjusting to being an appellate judge. He reflects on the changes he observed when Justice Elizabeth Lacy, the first woman appointed to the court, joined the men on the court, and the generation gap he felt existed between himself and Lacy and the rest of the justices, who were much older. Thomas concludes by talking about the changes he has witnessed during his lifetime and the sacrifices made by Oliver Hill and other pioneering African American lawyers as they worked to change institutions that were resistant to change.","In the interview of Justice W. Carrington Thompson by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (November 14, 2007, 1 hour, 32 minutes; transcript available), Justice Thompson talks about his parents and his early life in Chatham, Virginia, particularly the influence of his father; his experiences as a student at Hampden-Sydney College, his professors, his religious education and the importance of his religious faith throughout his life.  He talks about attending law school at the University of Virginia and being in the navy during World War II in the South Pacific.  Thompson recalls his career in Chatham as a lawyer, state legislator, and circuit court judge.  He reflects on the political circumstances of his appointments to the circuit court and Supreme Court of Virginia and his decision to retire after serving only three years.  The interview closes with Thompson's thoughts on writing opinions in two death-penalty cases while he was on the court, his views on the death penalty, and his strict contructionist views on the Constitution and the role of the judiciary.","In the interview of Justice Henry H. Whiting by Professor Cassandra Newby-Alexander (December 12, 2011, 1 hour, 35 minutes; transcript available), Justice Whiting talks about his family, growing up in Winchester, Va., serving in the army during World War II and witnessing the Battle of Remagen, and his thoughts about General George S. Patton, who knew his father and was his godfather; attending college and law school at Virginia Tech and the University of Virginia, and practicing law in Winchester.  Toward the end of interview, he discusses being a circuit judge in Winchester, his appointment to the Supreme Court of Virginia, and serving on the Supreme Court of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe interview of Cynthia D. Kinser is closed until August 16, 2026.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","The interview of Cynthia D. Kinser is closed until August 16, 2026."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eOral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following:  Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"abstract_tesim":["Oral history interviews of retired Supreme Court of Virginia justices were conducted for the Supreme Court of Virginia Historical Commission by Arlington County Circuit Judge Joanne F. Alper (1 interview), Norfolk State Professor of History Cassandra Newby-Alexander, State Law Librarian Gail Warren (1 interview), and Connie Doebele (1 interview), beginning in 2007. Interviews have been conducted with the following:  Judge G. Steven Agee, Justice Harry L. Carrico, Justice George M. Cochran, Judge Barbara Milano Keenan, Chief Justice Cynthia D. Kinser, Justice Lawrence L. Koontz, Jr., Justice Elizabeth B. Lacy, Justice LeRoy F. Millette, Jr., Justice Charles Russell, Justice W. Carrington Thompson, and Justice Henry H. Whiting."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission.","Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"persname_ssim":["Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"names_ssim":["Virginia -- Supreme Court -- Historical Commission.","Virginia. Supreme Court.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Historical Commission.","Agee, G. Steven.","Alper, Joanne F.","Carrico, Harry Lee, 1916-2013.","Cochran, George Moffett, 1912-2011.","Doebele, Connie.","Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Kinser, Cynthia D., 1951-Hill, Oliver White, 1907-2007.","Millette, LeRoy Francis, Jr., 1949-.","Lacy, Elizabeth Bermingham, 1945-.","Newby-Alexander, Cassandra, 1956-.","Patton, George S., 1885-1945.","Russell, Charles S., 1926-.","Thompson, William Carrington, 1915-2011.","Tucker, Samuel Wilbert, 1913-1990.","Whiting, Henry Hudson, 1923-."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00009"}},{"id":"vil_vil00015","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00015#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. Supreme Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00015#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00015#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vil_vil00015","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00015","_root_":"vil_vil00015","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00015","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00015.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)","00030029","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Commemorations (events) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Photographs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","0.60 cu. ft. (2 boxes)","Access to recent photographs of members of the court (1990-2011) is restricted.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","The Court of Appeals of Virginia was established January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and criminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed.","The Office of the Executive Secretary was established in 1952. It provides administrative support for all of the courts  and magistrate offices within the Commonwealth. This includes the training and education of all judicial branch employees, as well as legal research assistance for judges.","The Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court. The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","The collection is comprised mostly of official annual group portraits of the justices in the courtroom and the judicial conference room, 1900-2011 (bulk 1956-2011). It includes one formal portrait of the Court of Appeals in the courtroom, 1989, circa. Also included are individual portraits of justices, photographs of paintings of justices, candid photographs of justices and others at ceremonial occasions of the court. The earliest photograph is a photograph of Moncure Conway, a court reporter in the antebellum period, 1881. When known, the photographer is listed in the catalog record for the individual photograph.","Box 1 contains photographs (approximately 71 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 1.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (11 x 14, black and white) of the Supreme Court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. For the years 1998-2011, most of the official portraits are in color. This box contains official portraits for the following years: 1952, 1957, 1958, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1983, 1987-1991, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, and 2011.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 1 also contains a group photograph of the fifteenth annual convention of the Association of Trial Justices of Virginia at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, 1949; and a candid photograph of Justices Buchanan, Eggleston, and Snead and Governor Mills Godwin at the Commonwealth Club, 1969.","Box 2 contains photographs (approximately 125 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 2.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (8 x 10, black and white) of the Supreme court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. Includes some duplicates and photographic negatives. This box contains official portraits for the years 1900 (copy), 1931, 1935, 1936, 1947, 1958, 1959, 1960,1965,1968,1969,1972,1973,1974,1979-1982, 1987, 1998, 2000, and 2003, and an official portrait of the Court of Appeals (color), 1989, circa.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 2 contains a photograph of attorney Conway Robinson, 1881; a candid photograph of Justice Alexander Harman, 1987; individual portrait photographs of Justice Burks, 1918; Howard G. Turner, Clerk, 1950, circa; Chief Justice Hudgins, 1950, circa; Justice Whittle, 1965, circa; and Justice Poff, 1970, circa; photographs of court ceremonies, including the 200th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979, a dinner for the court hosted by Governor Charles S. Robb, 1983, circa (24 color prints); Justice Spratley presenting a scroll to Chief Justice Eggleston commemorating his thirtieth year as a member of the court, 1965, and portrait presentation ceremonies for Chief Justice Eggleston, 1976, and Justice Cochran, 1989. In addition, here is a photograph of a meeting of the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1931; the dedication of the Supreme Court building in 1941; the swearing-in ceremonies for two members of Governor Linwood Holton's cabinet (Earl Shiflet and Maurice Rowe), 1972; and employees of the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the courtroom, 2000 (10 color prints and negatives).","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00030029"],"unitid_tesim":["00030029"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"creators_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The official portraits, and the photograph of Justice Burks, 1918, circa, were acquired from the Office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Most of the other photographs were acquired in a transfer from the Office of the Executive Secretary in 2005. The photograph of Moncure Conway, 1881, was donated to the State Law Library by C.M. Chichester in 1923."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Commemorations (events) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Photographs -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Commemorations (events) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Photographs -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.60 cu. ft. (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to recent photographs of members of the court (1990-2011) is restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to recent photographs of members of the court (1990-2011) is restricted."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Court of Appeals of Virginia was established January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and criminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Executive Secretary was established in 1952. It provides administrative support for all of the courts  and magistrate offices within the Commonwealth. This includes the training and education of all judicial branch employees, as well as legal research assistance for judges.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court. The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","The Court of Appeals of Virginia was established January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and criminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed.","The Office of the Executive Secretary was established in 1952. It provides administrative support for all of the courts  and magistrate offices within the Commonwealth. This includes the training and education of all judicial branch employees, as well as legal research assistance for judges.","The Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court. The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011), Accession #00030029, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011), Accession #00030029, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised mostly of official annual group portraits of the justices in the courtroom and the judicial conference room, 1900-2011 (bulk 1956-2011). It includes one formal portrait of the Court of Appeals in the courtroom, 1989, circa. Also included are individual portraits of justices, photographs of paintings of justices, candid photographs of justices and others at ceremonial occasions of the court. The earliest photograph is a photograph of Moncure Conway, a court reporter in the antebellum period, 1881. When known, the photographer is listed in the catalog record for the individual photograph.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox 1 contains photographs (approximately 71 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 1.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (11 x 14, black and white) of the Supreme Court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. For the years 1998-2011, most of the official portraits are in color. This box contains official portraits for the following years: 1952, 1957, 1958, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1983, 1987-1991, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, and 2011.    \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the group portraits, Box 1 also contains a group photograph of the fifteenth annual convention of the Association of Trial Justices of Virginia at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, 1949; and a candid photograph of Justices Buchanan, Eggleston, and Snead and Governor Mills Godwin at the Commonwealth Club, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox 2 contains photographs (approximately 125 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 2.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (8 x 10, black and white) of the Supreme court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. Includes some duplicates and photographic negatives. This box contains official portraits for the years 1900 (copy), 1931, 1935, 1936, 1947, 1958, 1959, 1960,1965,1968,1969,1972,1973,1974,1979-1982, 1987, 1998, 2000, and 2003, and an official portrait of the Court of Appeals (color), 1989, circa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the group portraits, Box 2 contains a photograph of attorney Conway Robinson, 1881; a candid photograph of Justice Alexander Harman, 1987; individual portrait photographs of Justice Burks, 1918; Howard G. Turner, Clerk, 1950, circa; Chief Justice Hudgins, 1950, circa; Justice Whittle, 1965, circa; and Justice Poff, 1970, circa; photographs of court ceremonies, including the 200th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979, a dinner for the court hosted by Governor Charles S. Robb, 1983, circa (24 color prints); Justice Spratley presenting a scroll to Chief Justice Eggleston commemorating his thirtieth year as a member of the court, 1965, and portrait presentation ceremonies for Chief Justice Eggleston, 1976, and Justice Cochran, 1989. In addition, here is a photograph of a meeting of the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1931; the dedication of the Supreme Court building in 1941; the swearing-in ceremonies for two members of Governor Linwood Holton's cabinet (Earl Shiflet and Maurice Rowe), 1972; and employees of the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the courtroom, 2000 (10 color prints and negatives). \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised mostly of official annual group portraits of the justices in the courtroom and the judicial conference room, 1900-2011 (bulk 1956-2011). It includes one formal portrait of the Court of Appeals in the courtroom, 1989, circa. Also included are individual portraits of justices, photographs of paintings of justices, candid photographs of justices and others at ceremonial occasions of the court. The earliest photograph is a photograph of Moncure Conway, a court reporter in the antebellum period, 1881. When known, the photographer is listed in the catalog record for the individual photograph.","Box 1 contains photographs (approximately 71 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 1.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (11 x 14, black and white) of the Supreme Court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. For the years 1998-2011, most of the official portraits are in color. This box contains official portraits for the following years: 1952, 1957, 1958, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1983, 1987-1991, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, and 2011.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 1 also contains a group photograph of the fifteenth annual convention of the Association of Trial Justices of Virginia at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, 1949; and a candid photograph of Justices Buchanan, Eggleston, and Snead and Governor Mills Godwin at the Commonwealth Club, 1969.","Box 2 contains photographs (approximately 125 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 2.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (8 x 10, black and white) of the Supreme court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. Includes some duplicates and photographic negatives. This box contains official portraits for the years 1900 (copy), 1931, 1935, 1936, 1947, 1958, 1959, 1960,1965,1968,1969,1972,1973,1974,1979-1982, 1987, 1998, 2000, and 2003, and an official portrait of the Court of Appeals (color), 1989, circa.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 2 contains a photograph of attorney Conway Robinson, 1881; a candid photograph of Justice Alexander Harman, 1987; individual portrait photographs of Justice Burks, 1918; Howard G. Turner, Clerk, 1950, circa; Chief Justice Hudgins, 1950, circa; Justice Whittle, 1965, circa; and Justice Poff, 1970, circa; photographs of court ceremonies, including the 200th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979, a dinner for the court hosted by Governor Charles S. Robb, 1983, circa (24 color prints); Justice Spratley presenting a scroll to Chief Justice Eggleston commemorating his thirtieth year as a member of the court, 1965, and portrait presentation ceremonies for Chief Justice Eggleston, 1976, and Justice Cochran, 1989. In addition, here is a photograph of a meeting of the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1931; the dedication of the Supreme Court building in 1941; the swearing-in ceremonies for two members of Governor Linwood Holton's cabinet (Earl Shiflet and Maurice Rowe), 1972; and employees of the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the courtroom, 2000 (10 color prints and negatives)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00015","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00015","_root_":"vil_vil00015","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00015","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00015.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)","00030029","Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Commemorations (events) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Photographs -- Virginia -- Richmond.","0.60 cu. ft. (2 boxes)","Access to recent photographs of members of the court (1990-2011) is restricted.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","The Court of Appeals of Virginia was established January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and criminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed.","The Office of the Executive Secretary was established in 1952. It provides administrative support for all of the courts  and magistrate offices within the Commonwealth. This includes the training and education of all judicial branch employees, as well as legal research assistance for judges.","The Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court. The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.","The collection is comprised mostly of official annual group portraits of the justices in the courtroom and the judicial conference room, 1900-2011 (bulk 1956-2011). It includes one formal portrait of the Court of Appeals in the courtroom, 1989, circa. Also included are individual portraits of justices, photographs of paintings of justices, candid photographs of justices and others at ceremonial occasions of the court. The earliest photograph is a photograph of Moncure Conway, a court reporter in the antebellum period, 1881. When known, the photographer is listed in the catalog record for the individual photograph.","Box 1 contains photographs (approximately 71 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 1.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (11 x 14, black and white) of the Supreme Court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. For the years 1998-2011, most of the official portraits are in color. This box contains official portraits for the following years: 1952, 1957, 1958, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1983, 1987-1991, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, and 2011.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 1 also contains a group photograph of the fifteenth annual convention of the Association of Trial Justices of Virginia at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, 1949; and a candid photograph of Justices Buchanan, Eggleston, and Snead and Governor Mills Godwin at the Commonwealth Club, 1969.","Box 2 contains photographs (approximately 125 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 2.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (8 x 10, black and white) of the Supreme court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. Includes some duplicates and photographic negatives. This box contains official portraits for the years 1900 (copy), 1931, 1935, 1936, 1947, 1958, 1959, 1960,1965,1968,1969,1972,1973,1974,1979-1982, 1987, 1998, 2000, and 2003, and an official portrait of the Court of Appeals (color), 1989, circa.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 2 contains a photograph of attorney Conway Robinson, 1881; a candid photograph of Justice Alexander Harman, 1987; individual portrait photographs of Justice Burks, 1918; Howard G. Turner, Clerk, 1950, circa; Chief Justice Hudgins, 1950, circa; Justice Whittle, 1965, circa; and Justice Poff, 1970, circa; photographs of court ceremonies, including the 200th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979, a dinner for the court hosted by Governor Charles S. Robb, 1983, circa (24 color prints); Justice Spratley presenting a scroll to Chief Justice Eggleston commemorating his thirtieth year as a member of the court, 1965, and portrait presentation ceremonies for Chief Justice Eggleston, 1976, and Justice Cochran, 1989. In addition, here is a photograph of a meeting of the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1931; the dedication of the Supreme Court building in 1941; the swearing-in ceremonies for two members of Governor Linwood Holton's cabinet (Earl Shiflet and Maurice Rowe), 1972; and employees of the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the courtroom, 2000 (10 color prints and negatives).","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)    \n1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00030029"],"unitid_tesim":["00030029"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"creators_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The official portraits, and the photograph of Justice Burks, 1918, circa, were acquired from the Office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Most of the other photographs were acquired in a transfer from the Office of the Executive Secretary in 2005. The photograph of Moncure Conway, 1881, was donated to the State Law Library by C.M. Chichester in 1923."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Commemorations (events) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Photographs -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Judges -- Virginia -- Portraits.","Commemorations (events) -- Virginia -- Richmond.","Photographs -- Virginia -- Richmond."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.60 cu. ft. (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to recent photographs of members of the court (1990-2011) is restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to recent photographs of members of the court (1990-2011) is restricted."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Court of Appeals of Virginia was established January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and criminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Executive Secretary was established in 1952. It provides administrative support for all of the courts  and magistrate offices within the Commonwealth. This includes the training and education of all judicial branch employees, as well as legal research assistance for judges.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court. The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","The Court of Appeals of Virginia was established January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and criminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed.","The Office of the Executive Secretary was established in 1952. It provides administrative support for all of the courts  and magistrate offices within the Commonwealth. This includes the training and education of all judicial branch employees, as well as legal research assistance for judges.","The Office of the Clerk, Supreme Court of Virginia, receives, processes, and maintains permanent records of all appeals and other official documents filed with the Court. The Clerk also maintains records of qualified attorneys and other administrative records."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011), Accession #00030029, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1881-2011 (bulk 1950-2011), Accession #00030029, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised mostly of official annual group portraits of the justices in the courtroom and the judicial conference room, 1900-2011 (bulk 1956-2011). It includes one formal portrait of the Court of Appeals in the courtroom, 1989, circa. Also included are individual portraits of justices, photographs of paintings of justices, candid photographs of justices and others at ceremonial occasions of the court. The earliest photograph is a photograph of Moncure Conway, a court reporter in the antebellum period, 1881. When known, the photographer is listed in the catalog record for the individual photograph.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox 1 contains photographs (approximately 71 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 1.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (11 x 14, black and white) of the Supreme Court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. For the years 1998-2011, most of the official portraits are in color. This box contains official portraits for the following years: 1952, 1957, 1958, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1983, 1987-1991, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, and 2011.    \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the group portraits, Box 1 also contains a group photograph of the fifteenth annual convention of the Association of Trial Justices of Virginia at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, 1949; and a candid photograph of Justices Buchanan, Eggleston, and Snead and Governor Mills Godwin at the Commonwealth Club, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBox 2 contains photographs (approximately 125 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 2.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (8 x 10, black and white) of the Supreme court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. Includes some duplicates and photographic negatives. This box contains official portraits for the years 1900 (copy), 1931, 1935, 1936, 1947, 1958, 1959, 1960,1965,1968,1969,1972,1973,1974,1979-1982, 1987, 1998, 2000, and 2003, and an official portrait of the Court of Appeals (color), 1989, circa.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the group portraits, Box 2 contains a photograph of attorney Conway Robinson, 1881; a candid photograph of Justice Alexander Harman, 1987; individual portrait photographs of Justice Burks, 1918; Howard G. Turner, Clerk, 1950, circa; Chief Justice Hudgins, 1950, circa; Justice Whittle, 1965, circa; and Justice Poff, 1970, circa; photographs of court ceremonies, including the 200th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979, a dinner for the court hosted by Governor Charles S. Robb, 1983, circa (24 color prints); Justice Spratley presenting a scroll to Chief Justice Eggleston commemorating his thirtieth year as a member of the court, 1965, and portrait presentation ceremonies for Chief Justice Eggleston, 1976, and Justice Cochran, 1989. In addition, here is a photograph of a meeting of the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1931; the dedication of the Supreme Court building in 1941; the swearing-in ceremonies for two members of Governor Linwood Holton's cabinet (Earl Shiflet and Maurice Rowe), 1972; and employees of the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the courtroom, 2000 (10 color prints and negatives). \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised mostly of official annual group portraits of the justices in the courtroom and the judicial conference room, 1900-2011 (bulk 1956-2011). It includes one formal portrait of the Court of Appeals in the courtroom, 1989, circa. Also included are individual portraits of justices, photographs of paintings of justices, candid photographs of justices and others at ceremonial occasions of the court. The earliest photograph is a photograph of Moncure Conway, a court reporter in the antebellum period, 1881. When known, the photographer is listed in the catalog record for the individual photograph.","Box 1 contains photographs (approximately 71 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 1.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (11 x 14, black and white) of the Supreme Court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. For the years 1998-2011, most of the official portraits are in color. This box contains official portraits for the following years: 1952, 1957, 1958, 1969, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1983, 1987-1991, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2007, 2008, and 2011.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 1 also contains a group photograph of the fifteenth annual convention of the Association of Trial Justices of Virginia at the Hotel Jefferson in Richmond, 1949; and a candid photograph of Justices Buchanan, Eggleston, and Snead and Governor Mills Godwin at the Commonwealth Club, 1969.","Box 2 contains photographs (approximately 125 items) cataloged individually under the PHOT 2.1 call number prefix. Most are formal group portraits (8 x 10, black and white) of the Supreme court of Virginia justices in the courtroom or in the judicial conference room. Includes some duplicates and photographic negatives. This box contains official portraits for the years 1900 (copy), 1931, 1935, 1936, 1947, 1958, 1959, 1960,1965,1968,1969,1972,1973,1974,1979-1982, 1987, 1998, 2000, and 2003, and an official portrait of the Court of Appeals (color), 1989, circa.","In addition to the group portraits, Box 2 contains a photograph of attorney Conway Robinson, 1881; a candid photograph of Justice Alexander Harman, 1987; individual portrait photographs of Justice Burks, 1918; Howard G. Turner, Clerk, 1950, circa; Chief Justice Hudgins, 1950, circa; Justice Whittle, 1965, circa; and Justice Poff, 1970, circa; photographs of court ceremonies, including the 200th anniversary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979, a dinner for the court hosted by Governor Charles S. Robb, 1983, circa (24 color prints); Justice Spratley presenting a scroll to Chief Justice Eggleston commemorating his thirtieth year as a member of the court, 1965, and portrait presentation ceremonies for Chief Justice Eggleston, 1976, and Justice Cochran, 1989. In addition, here is a photograph of a meeting of the Judicial Council of Virginia, 1931; the dedication of the Supreme Court building in 1941; the swearing-in ceremonies for two members of Governor Linwood Holton's cabinet (Earl Shiflet and Maurice Rowe), 1972; and employees of the office of the Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the courtroom, 2000 (10 color prints and negatives)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. History.","Virginia. Court of Appeals. History.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk.","Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Executive Secretary."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:25.153Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00015"}},{"id":"vil_vil00028","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00028#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. Supreme Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00028#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00028#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vil_vil00028","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00028","_root_":"vil_vil00028","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00028.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004","00031899","21 photographs (11 x 14) and 1 leaf","Access to photographs of current members of the court may be restricted.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","Photographs of the justices, 1981-2000, circa. Twenty black-and-white photographs and one color photograph (11x14). Most are formal group portraits of the justices on the bench. The collection also contains two photographs of the justices in the judicial conference room, circa 1986; and three candid photographs of the robed justices standing together, by David Bremer Photography, 1987 or 1988. Also includes one photograph, undated, of a group of equestrians who appear to be preparing for a fox hunt, with mountains in the distance. Some of the photographs are identified as the work of photographers David Bremer and Bob Brown.","The collection also contains a certificate of recognition commemorating Governor John Warner's recognition of John Marshall Day, 2004 Sep. 24.","The collection contains photographs of the following justices: Harry L. Carrico, George M. Cochran, A. Christian Compton, Albertis S. Harrison, Leroy R. Hassell, Lawrence W. I'Anson, Barbara M. Keenan, Cynthia F. Kinser, Lawrence L. Koontz, Elizabeth B. Lacy, Donald W. Lemons, Richard H. Poff, Charles S. Russell, Roscoe B. Stephenson, John Charles Thomas, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry H. Whiting, as well as Robert N. Baldwin, Executive Secretary; Allen Lucy, Clerk; and David Beach, Clerk.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031899"],"unitid_tesim":["00031899"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the chambers of Justice Harry L. Carrico, 2013 Apr. 17, accession 00031899."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["21 photographs (11 x 14) and 1 leaf"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to photographs of current members of the court may be restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to photographs of current members of the court may be restricted."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004, Accession #00031899, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004, Accession #00031899, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the justices, 1981-2000, circa. Twenty black-and-white photographs and one color photograph (11x14). Most are formal group portraits of the justices on the bench. The collection also contains two photographs of the justices in the judicial conference room, circa 1986; and three candid photographs of the robed justices standing together, by David Bremer Photography, 1987 or 1988. Also includes one photograph, undated, of a group of equestrians who appear to be preparing for a fox hunt, with mountains in the distance. Some of the photographs are identified as the work of photographers David Bremer and Bob Brown. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a certificate of recognition commemorating Governor John Warner's recognition of John Marshall Day, 2004 Sep. 24. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains photographs of the following justices: Harry L. Carrico, George M. Cochran, A. Christian Compton, Albertis S. Harrison, Leroy R. Hassell, Lawrence W. I'Anson, Barbara M. Keenan, Cynthia F. Kinser, Lawrence L. Koontz, Elizabeth B. Lacy, Donald W. Lemons, Richard H. Poff, Charles S. Russell, Roscoe B. Stephenson, John Charles Thomas, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry H. Whiting, as well as Robert N. Baldwin, Executive Secretary; Allen Lucy, Clerk; and David Beach, Clerk. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photographs of the justices, 1981-2000, circa. Twenty black-and-white photographs and one color photograph (11x14). Most are formal group portraits of the justices on the bench. The collection also contains two photographs of the justices in the judicial conference room, circa 1986; and three candid photographs of the robed justices standing together, by David Bremer Photography, 1987 or 1988. Also includes one photograph, undated, of a group of equestrians who appear to be preparing for a fox hunt, with mountains in the distance. Some of the photographs are identified as the work of photographers David Bremer and Bob Brown.","The collection also contains a certificate of recognition commemorating Governor John Warner's recognition of John Marshall Day, 2004 Sep. 24.","The collection contains photographs of the following justices: Harry L. Carrico, George M. Cochran, A. Christian Compton, Albertis S. Harrison, Leroy R. Hassell, Lawrence W. I'Anson, Barbara M. Keenan, Cynthia F. Kinser, Lawrence L. Koontz, Elizabeth B. Lacy, Donald W. Lemons, Richard H. Poff, Charles S. Russell, Roscoe B. Stephenson, John Charles Thomas, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry H. Whiting, as well as Robert N. Baldwin, Executive Secretary; Allen Lucy, Clerk; and David Beach, Clerk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00028","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00028","_root_":"vil_vil00028","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00028.xml","title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"text":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004","00031899","21 photographs (11 x 14) and 1 leaf","Access to photographs of current members of the court may be restricted.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","Photographs of the justices, 1981-2000, circa. Twenty black-and-white photographs and one color photograph (11x14). Most are formal group portraits of the justices on the bench. The collection also contains two photographs of the justices in the judicial conference room, circa 1986; and three candid photographs of the robed justices standing together, by David Bremer Photography, 1987 or 1988. Also includes one photograph, undated, of a group of equestrians who appear to be preparing for a fox hunt, with mountains in the distance. Some of the photographs are identified as the work of photographers David Bremer and Bob Brown.","The collection also contains a certificate of recognition commemorating Governor John Warner's recognition of John Marshall Day, 2004 Sep. 24.","The collection contains photographs of the following justices: Harry L. Carrico, George M. Cochran, A. Christian Compton, Albertis S. Harrison, Leroy R. Hassell, Lawrence W. I'Anson, Barbara M. Keenan, Cynthia F. Kinser, Lawrence L. Koontz, Elizabeth B. Lacy, Donald W. Lemons, Richard H. Poff, Charles S. Russell, Roscoe B. Stephenson, John Charles Thomas, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry H. Whiting, as well as Robert N. Baldwin, Executive Secretary; Allen Lucy, Clerk; and David Beach, Clerk.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"collection_ssim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004    \n1981-2000, circa; 2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031899"],"unitid_tesim":["00031899"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the chambers of Justice Harry L. Carrico, 2013 Apr. 17, accession 00031899."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["21 photographs (11 x 14) and 1 leaf"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to photographs of current members of the court may be restricted.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to photographs of current members of the court may be restricted."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. By Constitutional amendment in 1928, the number of justices was increased from five to seven and the title of the presiding officer of the Court  was changed from President to Chief Justice. At the same time, the amendment significantly increased the power given the Supreme Court by permitting the Court to prescribe forms and to regulate the practice of Virginia's courts. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the Court  to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004, Accession #00031899, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Supreme Court of Virginia Photographs, 1981-2000, circa; 2004, Accession #00031899, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of the justices, 1981-2000, circa. Twenty black-and-white photographs and one color photograph (11x14). Most are formal group portraits of the justices on the bench. The collection also contains two photographs of the justices in the judicial conference room, circa 1986; and three candid photographs of the robed justices standing together, by David Bremer Photography, 1987 or 1988. Also includes one photograph, undated, of a group of equestrians who appear to be preparing for a fox hunt, with mountains in the distance. Some of the photographs are identified as the work of photographers David Bremer and Bob Brown. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a certificate of recognition commemorating Governor John Warner's recognition of John Marshall Day, 2004 Sep. 24. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains photographs of the following justices: Harry L. Carrico, George M. Cochran, A. Christian Compton, Albertis S. Harrison, Leroy R. Hassell, Lawrence W. I'Anson, Barbara M. Keenan, Cynthia F. Kinser, Lawrence L. Koontz, Elizabeth B. Lacy, Donald W. Lemons, Richard H. Poff, Charles S. Russell, Roscoe B. Stephenson, John Charles Thomas, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry H. Whiting, as well as Robert N. Baldwin, Executive Secretary; Allen Lucy, Clerk; and David Beach, Clerk. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Photographs of the justices, 1981-2000, circa. Twenty black-and-white photographs and one color photograph (11x14). Most are formal group portraits of the justices on the bench. The collection also contains two photographs of the justices in the judicial conference room, circa 1986; and three candid photographs of the robed justices standing together, by David Bremer Photography, 1987 or 1988. Also includes one photograph, undated, of a group of equestrians who appear to be preparing for a fox hunt, with mountains in the distance. Some of the photographs are identified as the work of photographers David Bremer and Bob Brown.","The collection also contains a certificate of recognition commemorating Governor John Warner's recognition of John Marshall Day, 2004 Sep. 24.","The collection contains photographs of the following justices: Harry L. Carrico, George M. Cochran, A. Christian Compton, Albertis S. Harrison, Leroy R. Hassell, Lawrence W. I'Anson, Barbara M. Keenan, Cynthia F. Kinser, Lawrence L. Koontz, Elizabeth B. Lacy, Donald W. Lemons, Richard H. Poff, Charles S. Russell, Roscoe B. Stephenson, John Charles Thomas, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry H. Whiting, as well as Robert N. Baldwin, Executive Secretary; Allen Lucy, Clerk; and David Beach, Clerk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\u003c/abstract\u003e\n      "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00028"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c02_c20","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Sutton, Jr., Frank Taylor (City of Richmond)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c02_c20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c02_c20","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c02_c20"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c02_c20","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c02","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c02","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1898"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sutton, Jr., Frank Taylor (City of Richmond)","title_ssm":["Sutton, Jr., Frank Taylor (City of Richmond)"],"title_tesim":["Sutton, Jr., Frank Taylor (City of Richmond)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sutton, Jr., Frank Taylor (City of Richmond)"],"text":["Sutton, Jr., Frank Taylor (City of Richmond)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1898"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1898"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1898"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":40,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#19","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeparated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":314,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c02_c20"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c14_c16","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Swartz, S.T. \n\t1906","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c14_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c14_c16","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c14_c16"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c14_c16","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c14","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c14","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c14"],"title_filing_ssi":"Swartz, S.T. \n\t1906","title_ssm":["Swartz, S.T. \n\t1906"],"title_tesim":["Swartz, S.T. \n\t1906"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Swartz, S.T. \n\t1906"],"text":["Swartz, S.T. \n\t1906","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":312,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#15","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeparated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. 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For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":314,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c14_c16"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c06_c28","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Swift, Granville R. (City of Fredericksburg)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c06_c28#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c06_c28","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c06_c28"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c06_c28","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c06","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c06","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Swift, Granville R. (City of Fredericksburg)","title_ssm":["Swift, Granville R. (City of Fredericksburg)"],"title_tesim":["Swift, Granville R. (City of Fredericksburg)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Swift, Granville R. (City of Fredericksburg)"],"text":["Swift, Granville R. (City of Fredericksburg)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":129,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#27","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeparated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":314,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c06_c28"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c07_c17","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Teiser, Sidney (City of Norfolk)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c07_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c07_c17","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c07_c17"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c07_c17","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c07","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c07","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"Teiser, Sidney (City of Norfolk)","title_ssm":["Teiser, Sidney (City of Norfolk)"],"title_tesim":["Teiser, Sidney (City of Norfolk)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Teiser, Sidney (City of Norfolk)"],"text":["Teiser, Sidney (City of Norfolk)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":153,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#16","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. 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