{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=42\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=41\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=43\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=51\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":42,"next_page":43,"prev_page":41,"total_pages":51,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":410,"total_count":509,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vil_vil00018_c06_c26","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Roper, Albert S. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(City of Norfolk)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c10_c36#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c10_c36","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c10_c36"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c10_c36","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c10","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c10","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c10"],"title_filing_ssi":"Rust, George M. (City of Norfolk)","title_ssm":["Rust, George M. (City of Norfolk)"],"title_tesim":["Rust, George M. (City of Norfolk)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rust, George M. (City of Norfolk)"],"text":["Rust, George M. (City of Norfolk)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":241,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#35","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(District of Columbia)\n\t1902","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c14_c15#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c14_c15","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c14_c15"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c14_c15","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c14","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c14","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c14"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ryan, E.R. (District of Columbia)\n\t1902","title_ssm":["Ryan, E.R. (District of Columbia)\n\t1902"],"title_tesim":["Ryan, E.R. (District of Columbia)\n\t1902"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ryan, E.R. (District of Columbia)\n\t1902"],"text":["Ryan, E.R. (District of Columbia)\n\t1902","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for admission to the Virginia bar from lawyers outside the state, \n1902-1929"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":311,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#14","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeparated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. 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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeparated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. 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(Lynchburg)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c01_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c01_c14","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c01_c14"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c01_c14","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c01","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c01","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1897"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Scott, C.W. (Lynchburg)","title_ssm":["Scott, C.W. (Lynchburg)"],"title_tesim":["Scott, C.W. (Lynchburg)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Scott, C.W. (Lynchburg)"],"text":["Scott, C.W. (Lynchburg)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1897"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1897"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1897"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":15,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(Elizabeth City County)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c08_c17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c08_c17","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c08_c17"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c08_c17","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c08","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c08","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1904"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Segar, Jr., Arthur S. (Elizabeth City County)","title_ssm":["Segar, Jr., Arthur S. (Elizabeth City County)"],"title_tesim":["Segar, Jr., Arthur S. (Elizabeth City County)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Segar, Jr., Arthur S. (Elizabeth City County)"],"text":["Segar, Jr., Arthur S. (Elizabeth City County)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1904"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1904"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1904"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":174,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#16","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(Middlesex County)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c11_c18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c11_c18","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c11_c18"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c11_c18","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c11","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c11","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1907"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c11"],"title_filing_ssi":"Selby, Innis C. (Middlesex County)","title_ssm":["Selby, Innis C. (Middlesex County)"],"title_tesim":["Selby, Innis C. (Middlesex County)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Selby, Innis C. (Middlesex County)"],"text":["Selby, Innis C. (Middlesex County)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1907"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1907"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1907"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":275,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#10/components#17","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(Albemarle County)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1906"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":242,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#36","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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