{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=3\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=4\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+State+Law+Library%2C+Supreme+Court+of+Virginia\u0026page=51\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":51,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":509,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vil_vil00023","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00023#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. Supreme Court.  Office of the Executive Secretary.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00023#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00023#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vil_vil00023","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00023","_root_":"vil_vil00023","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00023","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00023.xml","title_ssm":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"title_tesim":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"text":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005","00028358","18 digital audio recordings (WAV and MP3), and 2 analog recordings (audio cassette).","Collection is open to research.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","In 1983, the General Assembly created an intermediate appellate court, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, effective January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and\ncriminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed. It also hears appeals of final decisions of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court of Appeals consists of eleven judges. The court sits in panels of at least three judges, and the membership of the panels is rotated. The court sits at such locations as the chief judge designates, so as to provide convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth.","Original sound recordings on reel-to-reel tapes and audiocassettes were digitized in 2013 for preservation and access.","The collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.","The Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies are investitures and portrait presentation ceremonies, 1969-1985; the bicentennial of the court in 1979, and the dedication of the Supreme Court Building in 1981.  They include recordings of the investitures of Justice John Charles Thomas, the first African American justice of the court, in 1983; and Elizabeth B. Lacy, the first woman justice on the court, in 1989.","The collection also contains recordings of three Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies: the swearing-in ceremony of the first court, in 1985; the swearing-in ceremony for Judge Jere M.H. Willis, Jr.,1989; and the portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, in 1986.","Supreme Court of Virginia investitures, 1969-2000:","Investitures of George M. Cochran and Alexander M. Harman, 1969 Oct. 1 (24 minutes). Remarks by Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson honoring Chief Justice Harold Snead, who was sworn in as Chief Justice earlier that day, followed by the investitures of Cochran and Harman, with Justice Snead presiding.  Remarks by Howard C. Gilmer, Harman's former law partner.","Investiture of Richard H. Poff, 1972 Aug. 30 (11 minutes, 49 seconds). Chief Justice Harold Snead, presiding; remarks by former Governor William M. Tuck and the Hon. Lewis F. Powell, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court.","Investiture of Roscoe B. Stephenson, 1981 Mar. 2 (23 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William S. Moffatt, Chief Judge, 25th Judicial Circuit; presentation of resolutions honoring Stephenson.","Investiture of John Charles Thomas, 1983 Apr. 25 (34 minutes, 28 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, T.S. Ellis, III; Dennis C. Montgomery, and Justice Thomas; presentation of resolutions honoring Thomas.","Investiture of Elizabeth B. Lacy, 1989 Jan. 4 (25 minutes 52 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; invocation and benediction by William G. Broaddus; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Lacy; presentation of resolutions honoring Lacy.","Investiture of Leroy Rountree Hassell, Jr., 1989 Dec. 28 (26 minutes, 30 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Hassell; presentation of resolutions honoring Hassell.","Investiture of Donald W. Lemons, 2000 Apr. 3 (45 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by State Senator Walter Stosch, Governor James S. Gilmore, and Justice Lemons; presentation of resolutions honoring Lemons.","Investiture of Patricia Harrington Krueger as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003 Aug. 27 (audiocassette only).  Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding.  Invocation by The Reverend Samuel Worley.  Remarks by David B. Beach and Chief Justice Hassell.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 266 Virginia Reports, ix-xi.","Investiture of Karl Robert Hade as Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005 Sep. 12. Chief Justice Hassell, presiding.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 270 Virginia Reports, xxv-xxvii.","Supreme Court of Virginia portrait presentation ceremonies, 1980-2005:","Portrait presentation for Justice Archibald B. Buchanan, 1980 Apr. 17 (14 minutes, 22 seconds). Chief Justice I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Justice Alexander Harman. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xi.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Harold Snead, 1982 Jun. 16 (50 minutes, 38 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William B. Poff, Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, and Governor Charles S. Robb. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xix.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, 1983 June 15 (45 minutes, 14 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Virginia Senator Edward E. Willey, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 225 Virginia Reports, p. vii.","Portrait presentation for retired justice George M. Cochran, 1989 Apr. 20 (50 minutes). Chief Justice Carrico, presiding. Remarks by former Governor and retired Justice Albertis S. Harrison, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, read by retired Chief Justice I'Anson, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 238 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Portrait presentation for Justices Richard H. Poff, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry Hudson Whiting, 2005 Nov. 1 (11 minutes, 37 seconds). Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 271 Virginia Reports, ix.","Other Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies:","Ceremony commemorating the bicentennial of the founding of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979 Aug. 30 (29 minutes). Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Chief Justice I'Anson, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Jr., read by his son, Lewis Powell III. The ceremony includes the presentation of the portrait of Henry Tazewell, who served on the court from 1785 to 1788 and 1793 to 1794. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 220 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Dedication of the Supreme Court of Virginia Building, 1981 Dec. 4 (35 minutes, 18 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Delegate George E. Allen, Jr., State Senator Edward E. Willey, Governor John N. Dalton, and Chief Justice Carrico.","Swearing-in ceremony for Elizabeth B. Lacy, Judge, State Corporation Commission, 1985 Apr. 1 (18 minutes). Henry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, Judge Thomas P. Harwood, Jr., member, State Corporation Commission, Commissioner Lacy, and Attorney General Gerald S. Baliles. Commission read by G. Patrick Lacy.","Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989:","Swearing-in ceremony for the first judges on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1985 Jan. 4 (30 minutes, 4 seconds). Chief Judge E. Ballard Baker, presiding; remarks by William D. Dolan, III, President, Virginia State Bar; Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; Edward Willey, President Pro Tempore, Senate of Virginia; Delegate Theodore V. Marsden, Jr.; and Governor Charles S. Robb.","Swearing-in ceremony for Jere H. Willis, Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, and recognition of the service of retiring Judge William H. Hodges, 1989 Oct. 26 (22 minutes, 4 seconds, partially inaudible). Chief Judge Koontz, presiding.","Portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1986 May 5 (19 minutes). Chief Judge Lawrence Koontz, presiding; remarks by Chief Judge Koontz, Governor Gerald L. Baliles, Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; James C. Roberts, past president, Virginia State Bar; and Billy Jane Baker, widow of Judge Baker. Transcript available.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"collection_ssim":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00028358"],"unitid_tesim":["00028358"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court.  Office of the Executive Secretary."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court.  Office of the Executive Secretary."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred from the Office of the Executive Secretary to the Virginia State Law Library in 2005."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["18 digital audio recordings (WAV and MP3), and 2 analog recordings (audio cassette)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, the General Assembly created an intermediate appellate court, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, effective January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and\ncriminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed. It also hears appeals of final decisions of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court of Appeals consists of eleven judges. The court sits in panels of at least three judges, and the membership of the panels is rotated. The court sits at such locations as the chief judge designates, so as to provide convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","In 1983, the General Assembly created an intermediate appellate court, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, effective January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and\ncriminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed. It also hears appeals of final decisions of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court of Appeals consists of eleven judges. The court sits in panels of at least three judges, and the membership of the panels is rotated. The court sits at such locations as the chief judge designates, so as to provide convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio Recordings of Court Ceremonies, 1969-2005, Accession #00028358, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Audio Recordings of Court Ceremonies, 1969-2005, Accession #00028358, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal sound recordings on reel-to-reel tapes and audiocassettes were digitized in 2013 for preservation and access.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original sound recordings on reel-to-reel tapes and audiocassettes were digitized in 2013 for preservation and access."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies are investitures and portrait presentation ceremonies, 1969-1985; the bicentennial of the court in 1979, and the dedication of the Supreme Court Building in 1981.  They include recordings of the investitures of Justice John Charles Thomas, the first African American justice of the court, in 1983; and Elizabeth B. Lacy, the first woman justice on the court, in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains recordings of three Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies: the swearing-in ceremony of the first court, in 1985; the swearing-in ceremony for Judge Jere M.H. Willis, Jr.,1989; and the portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia investitures, 1969-2000:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestitures of George M. Cochran and Alexander M. Harman, 1969 Oct. 1 (24 minutes). Remarks by Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson honoring Chief Justice Harold Snead, who was sworn in as Chief Justice earlier that day, followed by the investitures of Cochran and Harman, with Justice Snead presiding.  Remarks by Howard C. Gilmer, Harman's former law partner.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Richard H. Poff, 1972 Aug. 30 (11 minutes, 49 seconds). Chief Justice Harold Snead, presiding; remarks by former Governor William M. Tuck and the Hon. Lewis F. Powell, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Roscoe B. Stephenson, 1981 Mar. 2 (23 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William S. Moffatt, Chief Judge, 25th Judicial Circuit; presentation of resolutions honoring Stephenson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of John Charles Thomas, 1983 Apr. 25 (34 minutes, 28 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, T.S. Ellis, III; Dennis C. Montgomery, and Justice Thomas; presentation of resolutions honoring Thomas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Elizabeth B. Lacy, 1989 Jan. 4 (25 minutes 52 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; invocation and benediction by William G. Broaddus; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Lacy; presentation of resolutions honoring Lacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Leroy Rountree Hassell, Jr., 1989 Dec. 28 (26 minutes, 30 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Hassell; presentation of resolutions honoring Hassell.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Donald W. Lemons, 2000 Apr. 3 (45 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by State Senator Walter Stosch, Governor James S. Gilmore, and Justice Lemons; presentation of resolutions honoring Lemons.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Patricia Harrington Krueger as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003 Aug. 27 (audiocassette only).  Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding.  Invocation by The Reverend Samuel Worley.  Remarks by David B. Beach and Chief Justice Hassell.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 266 Virginia Reports, ix-xi.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Karl Robert Hade as Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005 Sep. 12. Chief Justice Hassell, presiding.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 270 Virginia Reports, xxv-xxvii.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia portrait presentation ceremonies, 1980-2005:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for Justice Archibald B. Buchanan, 1980 Apr. 17 (14 minutes, 22 seconds). Chief Justice I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Justice Alexander Harman. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xi.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Harold Snead, 1982 Jun. 16 (50 minutes, 38 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William B. Poff, Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, and Governor Charles S. Robb. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, 1983 June 15 (45 minutes, 14 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Virginia Senator Edward E. Willey, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 225 Virginia Reports, p. vii.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for retired justice George M. Cochran, 1989 Apr. 20 (50 minutes). Chief Justice Carrico, presiding. Remarks by former Governor and retired Justice Albertis S. Harrison, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, read by retired Chief Justice I'Anson, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 238 Virginia Reports, p. ix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for Justices Richard H. Poff, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry Hudson Whiting, 2005 Nov. 1 (11 minutes, 37 seconds). Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 271 Virginia Reports, ix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOther Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCeremony commemorating the bicentennial of the founding of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979 Aug. 30 (29 minutes). Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Chief Justice I'Anson, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Jr., read by his son, Lewis Powell III. The ceremony includes the presentation of the portrait of Henry Tazewell, who served on the court from 1785 to 1788 and 1793 to 1794. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 220 Virginia Reports, p. ix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDedication of the Supreme Court of Virginia Building, 1981 Dec. 4 (35 minutes, 18 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Delegate George E. Allen, Jr., State Senator Edward E. Willey, Governor John N. Dalton, and Chief Justice Carrico.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSwearing-in ceremony for Elizabeth B. Lacy, Judge, State Corporation Commission, 1985 Apr. 1 (18 minutes). Henry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, Judge Thomas P. Harwood, Jr., member, State Corporation Commission, Commissioner Lacy, and Attorney General Gerald S. Baliles. Commission read by G. Patrick Lacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCourt of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSwearing-in ceremony for the first judges on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1985 Jan. 4 (30 minutes, 4 seconds). Chief Judge E. Ballard Baker, presiding; remarks by William D. Dolan, III, President, Virginia State Bar; Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; Edward Willey, President Pro Tempore, Senate of Virginia; Delegate Theodore V. Marsden, Jr.; and Governor Charles S. Robb.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSwearing-in ceremony for Jere H. Willis, Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, and recognition of the service of retiring Judge William H. Hodges, 1989 Oct. 26 (22 minutes, 4 seconds, partially inaudible). Chief Judge Koontz, presiding.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1986 May 5 (19 minutes). Chief Judge Lawrence Koontz, presiding; remarks by Chief Judge Koontz, Governor Gerald L. Baliles, Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; James C. Roberts, past president, Virginia State Bar; and Billy Jane Baker, widow of Judge Baker. Transcript available.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.","The Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies are investitures and portrait presentation ceremonies, 1969-1985; the bicentennial of the court in 1979, and the dedication of the Supreme Court Building in 1981.  They include recordings of the investitures of Justice John Charles Thomas, the first African American justice of the court, in 1983; and Elizabeth B. Lacy, the first woman justice on the court, in 1989.","The collection also contains recordings of three Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies: the swearing-in ceremony of the first court, in 1985; the swearing-in ceremony for Judge Jere M.H. Willis, Jr.,1989; and the portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, in 1986.","Supreme Court of Virginia investitures, 1969-2000:","Investitures of George M. Cochran and Alexander M. Harman, 1969 Oct. 1 (24 minutes). Remarks by Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson honoring Chief Justice Harold Snead, who was sworn in as Chief Justice earlier that day, followed by the investitures of Cochran and Harman, with Justice Snead presiding.  Remarks by Howard C. Gilmer, Harman's former law partner.","Investiture of Richard H. Poff, 1972 Aug. 30 (11 minutes, 49 seconds). Chief Justice Harold Snead, presiding; remarks by former Governor William M. Tuck and the Hon. Lewis F. Powell, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court.","Investiture of Roscoe B. Stephenson, 1981 Mar. 2 (23 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William S. Moffatt, Chief Judge, 25th Judicial Circuit; presentation of resolutions honoring Stephenson.","Investiture of John Charles Thomas, 1983 Apr. 25 (34 minutes, 28 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, T.S. Ellis, III; Dennis C. Montgomery, and Justice Thomas; presentation of resolutions honoring Thomas.","Investiture of Elizabeth B. Lacy, 1989 Jan. 4 (25 minutes 52 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; invocation and benediction by William G. Broaddus; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Lacy; presentation of resolutions honoring Lacy.","Investiture of Leroy Rountree Hassell, Jr., 1989 Dec. 28 (26 minutes, 30 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Hassell; presentation of resolutions honoring Hassell.","Investiture of Donald W. Lemons, 2000 Apr. 3 (45 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by State Senator Walter Stosch, Governor James S. Gilmore, and Justice Lemons; presentation of resolutions honoring Lemons.","Investiture of Patricia Harrington Krueger as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003 Aug. 27 (audiocassette only).  Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding.  Invocation by The Reverend Samuel Worley.  Remarks by David B. Beach and Chief Justice Hassell.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 266 Virginia Reports, ix-xi.","Investiture of Karl Robert Hade as Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005 Sep. 12. Chief Justice Hassell, presiding.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 270 Virginia Reports, xxv-xxvii.","Supreme Court of Virginia portrait presentation ceremonies, 1980-2005:","Portrait presentation for Justice Archibald B. Buchanan, 1980 Apr. 17 (14 minutes, 22 seconds). Chief Justice I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Justice Alexander Harman. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xi.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Harold Snead, 1982 Jun. 16 (50 minutes, 38 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William B. Poff, Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, and Governor Charles S. Robb. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xix.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, 1983 June 15 (45 minutes, 14 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Virginia Senator Edward E. Willey, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 225 Virginia Reports, p. vii.","Portrait presentation for retired justice George M. Cochran, 1989 Apr. 20 (50 minutes). Chief Justice Carrico, presiding. Remarks by former Governor and retired Justice Albertis S. Harrison, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, read by retired Chief Justice I'Anson, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 238 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Portrait presentation for Justices Richard H. Poff, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry Hudson Whiting, 2005 Nov. 1 (11 minutes, 37 seconds). Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 271 Virginia Reports, ix.","Other Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies:","Ceremony commemorating the bicentennial of the founding of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979 Aug. 30 (29 minutes). Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Chief Justice I'Anson, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Jr., read by his son, Lewis Powell III. The ceremony includes the presentation of the portrait of Henry Tazewell, who served on the court from 1785 to 1788 and 1793 to 1794. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 220 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Dedication of the Supreme Court of Virginia Building, 1981 Dec. 4 (35 minutes, 18 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Delegate George E. Allen, Jr., State Senator Edward E. Willey, Governor John N. Dalton, and Chief Justice Carrico.","Swearing-in ceremony for Elizabeth B. Lacy, Judge, State Corporation Commission, 1985 Apr. 1 (18 minutes). Henry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, Judge Thomas P. Harwood, Jr., member, State Corporation Commission, Commissioner Lacy, and Attorney General Gerald S. Baliles. Commission read by G. Patrick Lacy.","Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989:","Swearing-in ceremony for the first judges on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1985 Jan. 4 (30 minutes, 4 seconds). Chief Judge E. Ballard Baker, presiding; remarks by William D. Dolan, III, President, Virginia State Bar; Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; Edward Willey, President Pro Tempore, Senate of Virginia; Delegate Theodore V. Marsden, Jr.; and Governor Charles S. Robb.","Swearing-in ceremony for Jere H. Willis, Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, and recognition of the service of retiring Judge William H. Hodges, 1989 Oct. 26 (22 minutes, 4 seconds, partially inaudible). Chief Judge Koontz, presiding.","Portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1986 May 5 (19 minutes). Chief Judge Lawrence Koontz, presiding; remarks by Chief Judge Koontz, Governor Gerald L. Baliles, Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; James C. Roberts, past president, Virginia State Bar; and Billy Jane Baker, widow of Judge Baker. Transcript available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00023","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00023","_root_":"vil_vil00023","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00023","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00023.xml","title_ssm":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"title_tesim":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"text":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005","00028358","18 digital audio recordings (WAV and MP3), and 2 analog recordings (audio cassette).","Collection is open to research.","The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","In 1983, the General Assembly created an intermediate appellate court, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, effective January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and\ncriminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed. It also hears appeals of final decisions of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court of Appeals consists of eleven judges. The court sits in panels of at least three judges, and the membership of the panels is rotated. The court sits at such locations as the chief judge designates, so as to provide convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth.","Original sound recordings on reel-to-reel tapes and audiocassettes were digitized in 2013 for preservation and access.","The collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.","The Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies are investitures and portrait presentation ceremonies, 1969-1985; the bicentennial of the court in 1979, and the dedication of the Supreme Court Building in 1981.  They include recordings of the investitures of Justice John Charles Thomas, the first African American justice of the court, in 1983; and Elizabeth B. Lacy, the first woman justice on the court, in 1989.","The collection also contains recordings of three Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies: the swearing-in ceremony of the first court, in 1985; the swearing-in ceremony for Judge Jere M.H. Willis, Jr.,1989; and the portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, in 1986.","Supreme Court of Virginia investitures, 1969-2000:","Investitures of George M. Cochran and Alexander M. Harman, 1969 Oct. 1 (24 minutes). Remarks by Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson honoring Chief Justice Harold Snead, who was sworn in as Chief Justice earlier that day, followed by the investitures of Cochran and Harman, with Justice Snead presiding.  Remarks by Howard C. Gilmer, Harman's former law partner.","Investiture of Richard H. Poff, 1972 Aug. 30 (11 minutes, 49 seconds). Chief Justice Harold Snead, presiding; remarks by former Governor William M. Tuck and the Hon. Lewis F. Powell, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court.","Investiture of Roscoe B. Stephenson, 1981 Mar. 2 (23 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William S. Moffatt, Chief Judge, 25th Judicial Circuit; presentation of resolutions honoring Stephenson.","Investiture of John Charles Thomas, 1983 Apr. 25 (34 minutes, 28 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, T.S. Ellis, III; Dennis C. Montgomery, and Justice Thomas; presentation of resolutions honoring Thomas.","Investiture of Elizabeth B. Lacy, 1989 Jan. 4 (25 minutes 52 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; invocation and benediction by William G. Broaddus; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Lacy; presentation of resolutions honoring Lacy.","Investiture of Leroy Rountree Hassell, Jr., 1989 Dec. 28 (26 minutes, 30 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Hassell; presentation of resolutions honoring Hassell.","Investiture of Donald W. Lemons, 2000 Apr. 3 (45 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by State Senator Walter Stosch, Governor James S. Gilmore, and Justice Lemons; presentation of resolutions honoring Lemons.","Investiture of Patricia Harrington Krueger as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003 Aug. 27 (audiocassette only).  Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding.  Invocation by The Reverend Samuel Worley.  Remarks by David B. Beach and Chief Justice Hassell.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 266 Virginia Reports, ix-xi.","Investiture of Karl Robert Hade as Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005 Sep. 12. Chief Justice Hassell, presiding.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 270 Virginia Reports, xxv-xxvii.","Supreme Court of Virginia portrait presentation ceremonies, 1980-2005:","Portrait presentation for Justice Archibald B. Buchanan, 1980 Apr. 17 (14 minutes, 22 seconds). Chief Justice I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Justice Alexander Harman. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xi.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Harold Snead, 1982 Jun. 16 (50 minutes, 38 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William B. Poff, Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, and Governor Charles S. Robb. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xix.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, 1983 June 15 (45 minutes, 14 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Virginia Senator Edward E. Willey, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 225 Virginia Reports, p. vii.","Portrait presentation for retired justice George M. Cochran, 1989 Apr. 20 (50 minutes). Chief Justice Carrico, presiding. Remarks by former Governor and retired Justice Albertis S. Harrison, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, read by retired Chief Justice I'Anson, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 238 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Portrait presentation for Justices Richard H. Poff, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry Hudson Whiting, 2005 Nov. 1 (11 minutes, 37 seconds). Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 271 Virginia Reports, ix.","Other Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies:","Ceremony commemorating the bicentennial of the founding of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979 Aug. 30 (29 minutes). Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Chief Justice I'Anson, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Jr., read by his son, Lewis Powell III. The ceremony includes the presentation of the portrait of Henry Tazewell, who served on the court from 1785 to 1788 and 1793 to 1794. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 220 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Dedication of the Supreme Court of Virginia Building, 1981 Dec. 4 (35 minutes, 18 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Delegate George E. Allen, Jr., State Senator Edward E. Willey, Governor John N. Dalton, and Chief Justice Carrico.","Swearing-in ceremony for Elizabeth B. Lacy, Judge, State Corporation Commission, 1985 Apr. 1 (18 minutes). Henry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, Judge Thomas P. Harwood, Jr., member, State Corporation Commission, Commissioner Lacy, and Attorney General Gerald S. Baliles. Commission read by G. Patrick Lacy.","Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989:","Swearing-in ceremony for the first judges on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1985 Jan. 4 (30 minutes, 4 seconds). Chief Judge E. Ballard Baker, presiding; remarks by William D. Dolan, III, President, Virginia State Bar; Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; Edward Willey, President Pro Tempore, Senate of Virginia; Delegate Theodore V. Marsden, Jr.; and Governor Charles S. Robb.","Swearing-in ceremony for Jere H. Willis, Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, and recognition of the service of retiring Judge William H. Hodges, 1989 Oct. 26 (22 minutes, 4 seconds, partially inaudible). Chief Judge Koontz, presiding.","Portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1986 May 5 (19 minutes). Chief Judge Lawrence Koontz, presiding; remarks by Chief Judge Koontz, Governor Gerald L. Baliles, Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; James C. Roberts, past president, Virginia State Bar; and Billy Jane Baker, widow of Judge Baker. Transcript available.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"collection_ssim":["Audio recordings of court ceremonies\n1969-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00028358"],"unitid_tesim":["00028358"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court.  Office of the Executive Secretary."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court.  Office of the Executive Secretary."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred from the Office of the Executive Secretary to the Virginia State Law Library in 2005."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["18 digital audio recordings (WAV and MP3), and 2 analog recordings (audio cassette)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, the General Assembly created an intermediate appellate court, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, effective January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and\ncriminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed. It also hears appeals of final decisions of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court of Appeals consists of eleven judges. The court sits in panels of at least three judges, and the membership of the panels is rotated. The court sits at such locations as the chief judge designates, so as to provide convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia was created by an act of the new General Assembly in 1779. Its jurisdiction was primarily appellate, and its members were elected by the legislature. The Constitution of 1971 changed the name of the court to its present title of Supreme Court of Virginia.","In 1983, the General Assembly created an intermediate appellate court, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, effective January 1, 1985. It provides appellate review of final decisions of the circuit courts in domestic relations matters, appeals from decisions of an administrative agency, traffic infractions and\ncriminal cases, except where a sentence of death has been imposed. It also hears appeals of final decisions of the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission. The Court of Appeals consists of eleven judges. The court sits in panels of at least three judges, and the membership of the panels is rotated. The court sits at such locations as the chief judge designates, so as to provide convenient access to the various geographic areas of the Commonwealth."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio Recordings of Court Ceremonies, 1969-2005, Accession #00028358, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Audio Recordings of Court Ceremonies, 1969-2005, Accession #00028358, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal sound recordings on reel-to-reel tapes and audiocassettes were digitized in 2013 for preservation and access.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original sound recordings on reel-to-reel tapes and audiocassettes were digitized in 2013 for preservation and access."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies are investitures and portrait presentation ceremonies, 1969-1985; the bicentennial of the court in 1979, and the dedication of the Supreme Court Building in 1981.  They include recordings of the investitures of Justice John Charles Thomas, the first African American justice of the court, in 1983; and Elizabeth B. Lacy, the first woman justice on the court, in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains recordings of three Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies: the swearing-in ceremony of the first court, in 1985; the swearing-in ceremony for Judge Jere M.H. Willis, Jr.,1989; and the portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, in 1986.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia investitures, 1969-2000:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestitures of George M. Cochran and Alexander M. Harman, 1969 Oct. 1 (24 minutes). Remarks by Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson honoring Chief Justice Harold Snead, who was sworn in as Chief Justice earlier that day, followed by the investitures of Cochran and Harman, with Justice Snead presiding.  Remarks by Howard C. Gilmer, Harman's former law partner.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Richard H. Poff, 1972 Aug. 30 (11 minutes, 49 seconds). Chief Justice Harold Snead, presiding; remarks by former Governor William M. Tuck and the Hon. Lewis F. Powell, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Roscoe B. Stephenson, 1981 Mar. 2 (23 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William S. Moffatt, Chief Judge, 25th Judicial Circuit; presentation of resolutions honoring Stephenson.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of John Charles Thomas, 1983 Apr. 25 (34 minutes, 28 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, T.S. Ellis, III; Dennis C. Montgomery, and Justice Thomas; presentation of resolutions honoring Thomas.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Elizabeth B. Lacy, 1989 Jan. 4 (25 minutes 52 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; invocation and benediction by William G. Broaddus; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Lacy; presentation of resolutions honoring Lacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Leroy Rountree Hassell, Jr., 1989 Dec. 28 (26 minutes, 30 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Hassell; presentation of resolutions honoring Hassell.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Donald W. Lemons, 2000 Apr. 3 (45 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by State Senator Walter Stosch, Governor James S. Gilmore, and Justice Lemons; presentation of resolutions honoring Lemons.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Patricia Harrington Krueger as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003 Aug. 27 (audiocassette only).  Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding.  Invocation by The Reverend Samuel Worley.  Remarks by David B. Beach and Chief Justice Hassell.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 266 Virginia Reports, ix-xi.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInvestiture of Karl Robert Hade as Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005 Sep. 12. Chief Justice Hassell, presiding.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 270 Virginia Reports, xxv-xxvii.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSupreme Court of Virginia portrait presentation ceremonies, 1980-2005:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for Justice Archibald B. Buchanan, 1980 Apr. 17 (14 minutes, 22 seconds). Chief Justice I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Justice Alexander Harman. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xi.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Harold Snead, 1982 Jun. 16 (50 minutes, 38 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William B. Poff, Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, and Governor Charles S. Robb. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, 1983 June 15 (45 minutes, 14 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Virginia Senator Edward E. Willey, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 225 Virginia Reports, p. vii.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for retired justice George M. Cochran, 1989 Apr. 20 (50 minutes). Chief Justice Carrico, presiding. Remarks by former Governor and retired Justice Albertis S. Harrison, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, read by retired Chief Justice I'Anson, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 238 Virginia Reports, p. ix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for Justices Richard H. Poff, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry Hudson Whiting, 2005 Nov. 1 (11 minutes, 37 seconds). Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 271 Virginia Reports, ix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOther Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCeremony commemorating the bicentennial of the founding of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979 Aug. 30 (29 minutes). Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Chief Justice I'Anson, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Jr., read by his son, Lewis Powell III. The ceremony includes the presentation of the portrait of Henry Tazewell, who served on the court from 1785 to 1788 and 1793 to 1794. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 220 Virginia Reports, p. ix.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDedication of the Supreme Court of Virginia Building, 1981 Dec. 4 (35 minutes, 18 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Delegate George E. Allen, Jr., State Senator Edward E. Willey, Governor John N. Dalton, and Chief Justice Carrico.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSwearing-in ceremony for Elizabeth B. Lacy, Judge, State Corporation Commission, 1985 Apr. 1 (18 minutes). Henry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, Judge Thomas P. Harwood, Jr., member, State Corporation Commission, Commissioner Lacy, and Attorney General Gerald S. Baliles. Commission read by G. Patrick Lacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCourt of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSwearing-in ceremony for the first judges on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1985 Jan. 4 (30 minutes, 4 seconds). Chief Judge E. Ballard Baker, presiding; remarks by William D. Dolan, III, President, Virginia State Bar; Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; Edward Willey, President Pro Tempore, Senate of Virginia; Delegate Theodore V. Marsden, Jr.; and Governor Charles S. Robb.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSwearing-in ceremony for Jere H. Willis, Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, and recognition of the service of retiring Judge William H. Hodges, 1989 Oct. 26 (22 minutes, 4 seconds, partially inaudible). Chief Judge Koontz, presiding.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePortrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1986 May 5 (19 minutes). Chief Judge Lawrence Koontz, presiding; remarks by Chief Judge Koontz, Governor Gerald L. Baliles, Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; James C. Roberts, past president, Virginia State Bar; and Billy Jane Baker, widow of Judge Baker. Transcript available.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains audio recordings of Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies, 1969-2005; and Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989. The ceremonies took place in the courtrooms of the Supreme Court of Virginia and the Court of Appeals of Virginia in Richmond.","The Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies are investitures and portrait presentation ceremonies, 1969-1985; the bicentennial of the court in 1979, and the dedication of the Supreme Court Building in 1981.  They include recordings of the investitures of Justice John Charles Thomas, the first African American justice of the court, in 1983; and Elizabeth B. Lacy, the first woman justice on the court, in 1989.","The collection also contains recordings of three Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies: the swearing-in ceremony of the first court, in 1985; the swearing-in ceremony for Judge Jere M.H. Willis, Jr.,1989; and the portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, in 1986.","Supreme Court of Virginia investitures, 1969-2000:","Investitures of George M. Cochran and Alexander M. Harman, 1969 Oct. 1 (24 minutes). Remarks by Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson honoring Chief Justice Harold Snead, who was sworn in as Chief Justice earlier that day, followed by the investitures of Cochran and Harman, with Justice Snead presiding.  Remarks by Howard C. Gilmer, Harman's former law partner.","Investiture of Richard H. Poff, 1972 Aug. 30 (11 minutes, 49 seconds). Chief Justice Harold Snead, presiding; remarks by former Governor William M. Tuck and the Hon. Lewis F. Powell, Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court.","Investiture of Roscoe B. Stephenson, 1981 Mar. 2 (23 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William S. Moffatt, Chief Judge, 25th Judicial Circuit; presentation of resolutions honoring Stephenson.","Investiture of John Charles Thomas, 1983 Apr. 25 (34 minutes, 28 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, T.S. Ellis, III; Dennis C. Montgomery, and Justice Thomas; presentation of resolutions honoring Thomas.","Investiture of Elizabeth B. Lacy, 1989 Jan. 4 (25 minutes 52 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; invocation and benediction by William G. Broaddus; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Lacy; presentation of resolutions honoring Lacy.","Investiture of Leroy Rountree Hassell, Jr., 1989 Dec. 28 (26 minutes, 30 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor Gerald L. Baliles and Justice Hassell; presentation of resolutions honoring Hassell.","Investiture of Donald W. Lemons, 2000 Apr. 3 (45 minutes). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by State Senator Walter Stosch, Governor James S. Gilmore, and Justice Lemons; presentation of resolutions honoring Lemons.","Investiture of Patricia Harrington Krueger as Clerk of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2003 Aug. 27 (audiocassette only).  Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding.  Invocation by The Reverend Samuel Worley.  Remarks by David B. Beach and Chief Justice Hassell.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 266 Virginia Reports, ix-xi.","Investiture of Karl Robert Hade as Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 2005 Sep. 12. Chief Justice Hassell, presiding.  A transcript of this ceremony is published in 270 Virginia Reports, xxv-xxvii.","Supreme Court of Virginia portrait presentation ceremonies, 1980-2005:","Portrait presentation for Justice Archibald B. Buchanan, 1980 Apr. 17 (14 minutes, 22 seconds). Chief Justice I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Justice Alexander Harman. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xi.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Harold Snead, 1982 Jun. 16 (50 minutes, 38 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by William B. Poff, Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, and Governor Charles S. Robb. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 223 Virginia Reports, p. xix.","Portrait presentation for retired Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, 1983 June 15 (45 minutes, 14 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Virginia Senator Edward E. Willey, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 225 Virginia Reports, p. vii.","Portrait presentation for retired justice George M. Cochran, 1989 Apr. 20 (50 minutes). Chief Justice Carrico, presiding. Remarks by former Governor and retired Justice Albertis S. Harrison, former Governor Mills E. Godwin, read by retired Chief Justice I'Anson, and others. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 238 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Portrait presentation for Justices Richard H. Poff, W. Carrington Thompson, and Henry Hudson Whiting, 2005 Nov. 1 (11 minutes, 37 seconds). Chief Justice Leroy Hassell, presiding. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 271 Virginia Reports, ix.","Other Supreme Court of Virginia ceremonies:","Ceremony commemorating the bicentennial of the founding of the Supreme Court of Virginia, 1979 Aug. 30 (29 minutes). Chief Justice Lawrence W. I'Anson, presiding; remarks by Governor John Dalton, Chief Justice I'Anson, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice Lewis Powell, Jr., read by his son, Lewis Powell III. The ceremony includes the presentation of the portrait of Henry Tazewell, who served on the court from 1785 to 1788 and 1793 to 1794. A transcript of the ceremony is published in 220 Virginia Reports, p. ix.","Dedication of the Supreme Court of Virginia Building, 1981 Dec. 4 (35 minutes, 18 seconds). Chief Justice Harry L. Carrico, presiding; remarks by Delegate George E. Allen, Jr., State Senator Edward E. Willey, Governor John N. Dalton, and Chief Justice Carrico.","Swearing-in ceremony for Elizabeth B. Lacy, Judge, State Corporation Commission, 1985 Apr. 1 (18 minutes). Henry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia, presiding; remarks by Governor Charles S. Robb, Judge Thomas P. Harwood, Jr., member, State Corporation Commission, Commissioner Lacy, and Attorney General Gerald S. Baliles. Commission read by G. Patrick Lacy.","Court of Appeals of Virginia ceremonies, 1985-1989:","Swearing-in ceremony for the first judges on the Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1985 Jan. 4 (30 minutes, 4 seconds). Chief Judge E. Ballard Baker, presiding; remarks by William D. Dolan, III, President, Virginia State Bar; Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; Edward Willey, President Pro Tempore, Senate of Virginia; Delegate Theodore V. Marsden, Jr.; and Governor Charles S. Robb.","Swearing-in ceremony for Jere H. Willis, Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, and recognition of the service of retiring Judge William H. Hodges, 1989 Oct. 26 (22 minutes, 4 seconds, partially inaudible). Chief Judge Koontz, presiding.","Portrait presentation for E. Ballard Baker, first Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1986 May 5 (19 minutes). Chief Judge Lawrence Koontz, presiding; remarks by Chief Judge Koontz, Governor Gerald L. Baliles, Harry L. Carrico, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Virginia; James C. Roberts, past president, Virginia State Bar; and Billy Jane Baker, widow of Judge Baker. Transcript available."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00023"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c06_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Austin, Branch (Albemarle County)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c06_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c06_c03","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c06_c03"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c06_c03","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c06","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c06","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Austin, Branch (Albemarle County)","title_ssm":["Austin, Branch (Albemarle County)"],"title_tesim":["Austin, Branch (Albemarle County)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Austin, Branch (Albemarle County)"],"text":["Austin, Branch (Albemarle County)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":104,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":314,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c06_c03"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c07_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bagby, A. Julian (King William County)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c07_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c07_c01","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c07_c01"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c07_c01","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c07","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c07","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bagby, A. Julian (King William County)","title_ssm":["Bagby, A. Julian (King William County)"],"title_tesim":["Bagby, A. Julian (King William County)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bagby, A. Julian (King William County)"],"text":["Bagby, A. Julian (King William County)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1903"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":137,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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Norris (City of Richmond)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c06_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c06_c04","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c06_c04"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c06_c04","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c06","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c06","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bailey, W. Norris (City of Richmond)","title_ssm":["Bailey, W. Norris (City of Richmond)"],"title_tesim":["Bailey, W. Norris (City of Richmond)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey, W. Norris (City of Richmond)"],"text":["Bailey, W. Norris (City of Richmond)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1902"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":105,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#3","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(Alexandria)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c12_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c12_c02","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c12_c02"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c12_c02","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c12","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c12","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1908"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ball, Frank L. (Alexandria)","title_ssm":["Ball, Frank L. (Alexandria)"],"title_tesim":["Ball, Frank L. (Alexandria)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ball, Frank L. (Alexandria)"],"text":["Ball, Frank L. 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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(City of Richmond)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c11_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c11_c01","ref_ssm":["vil_vil00018_c11_c01"],"id":"vil_vil00018_c11_c01","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018_c11","parent_ssi":"vil_vil00018_c11","parent_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1907"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vil_vil00018","vil_vil00018_c11"],"title_filing_ssi":"Beale, Richard L. (City of Richmond)","title_ssm":["Beale, Richard L. (City of Richmond)"],"title_tesim":["Beale, Richard L. (City of Richmond)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beale, Richard L. (City of Richmond)"],"text":["Beale, Richard L. 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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  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For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  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Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. 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(Newport News)","Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1905"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1905"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","Requests for certification to take the written bar exam, \n1905"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":183,"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vil_vil00018","ead_ssi":"vil_vil00018","_root_":"vil_vil00018","_nest_parent_":"vil_vil00018","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsll-scv/vil00018.xml","title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"text":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)","00031578","1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Supreme Court. Office of the Clerk."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records were transferred to the State Law Library from the Office of the Clerk to the State Law Library in 2006."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.8 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRequests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, 1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909), Accession 00031578, Supreme Court of Virginia Archives, Virginia State Law Library, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  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For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":314,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vil_vil00018_c09_c03"}},{"id":"vil_vil00018_c10_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bickers, H.C. 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(4 boxes)","Collection is open to research.","In 1895, the General Assembly enacted legislation transferring responsibility for examining prospective lawyers from the circuit court to the highest court in the state. The Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia established rules that provided for a written examination to be held in Richmond, Staunton, and Wytheville at different times of year while the court was in session. The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. Gordon Hylton, \"The Written Bar Examination and the Development of the Modern Legal Profession in Virginia,\" Richmond Law, Summer 1991 Vol. 4, No. 2, p. 6.","The collection contains letters to the Supreme Court of Appeals from individuals seeking certification to take the written bar exam, 1897-1909. Most letters include character references from members of the bar in the applicant's local court.  For some applicants, the only record is a letter requesting the transfer of the file to Staunton or Wytheville.","The letters are arranged chronologically and alphabetically within each year.","The collection also contains two folders of correspondence, 1902-1929, from attorneys requesting admission to the Virginia bar from other states and the District of Columbia.","Separated material: Law license applications, 1898-1899, and failed bar examinations, 1903-1906, part of the collection, Records of the Supreme Court of Appeals, 1871-1914, accession number 31211.","Because the library is not open to the general public, researchers should contact the library to arrange access to the collection.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"collection_ssim":["Requests for Certification to take the Written Bar Exam, \n1897-1929 (bulk 1897-1909)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["00031578"],"unitid_tesim":["00031578"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State Law Library, Supreme Court of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. 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The examinations were open to any applicant, provided he was at least 21 years old, a resident of Virginia for six months, and \"able to produce a certificate of honest demeanor from his local circuit court.\" The new rules took effect July 1, 1896. Women were implicitly denied an opportunity to apply for membership in the bar.  In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSource: J. 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In 1894, a U.S. Supreme Court opinion upheld the Supreme Court of Virginia's ruling that the word \"person\" meant \"man\" in an 1887 statute regarding admission of foreign attorneys (LOCKWOOD, EX PARTE, 154 U.S. 116).","An act approved by the General Assembly March 14, 1910, established the Virginia Board of Bar Examiners and authorized it to license lawyers and determine the qualifications of applicants who wished to take the bar examination.  The Board served under the auspices of the Supreme Court of Appeals.","Source: J. 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