{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026page=1\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026page=3\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026page=138\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":138,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":1374,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1965:","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c02_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c06","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00002_c02_c06"],"id":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c06","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c02","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968"],"text":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968","1965:"],"title_filing_ssi":"1965:","title_ssm":["1965:"],"title_tesim":["1965:"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1965:"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":33,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00002","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00002.xml","title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2","FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government","Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes).","Collection is open to all researchers.","As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.","Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.","The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day","Minutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.","Elections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.","Minutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.","Correspondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.","budget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.","Correspondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.","\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.","Water resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.","Correspondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.","Correspondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.","Planning districts; responses; comments.","Correspondence, addresses, etc.","Speeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany.","None.","FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"creator_ssim":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ebudget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWater resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanning districts; responses; comments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day","Minutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.","Elections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.","Minutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.","Correspondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.","budget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.","Correspondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.","\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.","Water resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.","Correspondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.","Correspondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.","Planning districts; responses; comments.","Correspondence, addresses, etc.","Speeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c02_c06"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c07","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1966: General correspondence.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c02_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c07","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00002_c02_c07"],"id":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c07","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c02","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968"],"text":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968","1966: General correspondence."],"title_filing_ssi":"1966: General correspondence.","title_ssm":["1966: General correspondence."],"title_tesim":["1966: General correspondence."],"normalized_title_ssm":["1966: General correspondence."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":37,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#6","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00002","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00002.xml","title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2","FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government","Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes).","Collection is open to all researchers.","As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.","Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.","The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day","Minutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.","Elections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.","Minutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.","Correspondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.","budget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.","Correspondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.","\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.","Water resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.","Correspondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.","Correspondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.","Planning districts; responses; comments.","Correspondence, addresses, etc.","Speeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany.","None.","FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"creator_ssim":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ebudget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWater resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanning districts; responses; comments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day","Minutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.","Elections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.","Minutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.","Correspondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.","budget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.","Correspondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.","\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.","Water resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.","Correspondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.","Correspondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.","Planning districts; responses; comments.","Correspondence, addresses, etc.","Speeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c02_c07"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c08","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1967:","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c02_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c08","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00002_c02_c08"],"id":"vihi_vih00002_c02_c08","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00002_c02","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00002","vihi_vih00002_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968"],"text":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Series 2: General Assembly. Senate. \n               \n               1959-1968","1967:"],"title_filing_ssi":"1967:","title_ssm":["1967:"],"title_tesim":["1967:"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1967:"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":38,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#7","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00002","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00002","_root_":"vihi_vih00002","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00002","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00002.xml","title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2","FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988","Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government","Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes).","Collection is open to all researchers.","As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.","Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.","The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day","Minutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.","Elections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.","Minutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.","Correspondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.","budget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.","Correspondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.","\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.","Water resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.","Correspondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.","Correspondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.","Planning districts; responses; comments.","Correspondence, addresses, etc.","Speeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany.","None.","FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 B4252 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"collection_title_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"collection_ssim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers \n         \n         1952-1988"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"creator_ssim":["Gift of FitzGerald Bemiss,\n         Richmond, Va., September 14, 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bemiss, FitzGerald, 1922-","Outdoor recreation -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education","Virginia -- Politics and government"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Ca. 2,750 items (6 archival\n         boxes)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["As much as possible, the original arrangement of Bemiss's\n         papers has been maintained. His General Assembly papers are\n         organized by session, with the same basic arrangement\n         recurring for each session. Each session's records usually\n         begin with materials pertaining to the biennial elections.\n         These consist of individual folders of campaign correspondence\n         (appeals for and acknowledgments of support, petitions,\n         invitations to speak), addresses (including radio and\n         television spots), campaign materials (such as examples of\n         advertising, sample ballots, literature, platform drafts,\n         budget information, voting lists, and clippings), letters of\n         congratulation (often including letters from Harry F. Byrd, J.\n         Vaughan Gary, and various Virginia governors), and statements\n         of expense. Folders containing general correspondence for that\n         year follow. These typically include miscellaneous letters\n         from constituents, appeals for support and endorsement,\n         applications for appointment, invitations, and letters of\n         appreciation. Researchers should note that papers relating to\n         specific commissions or legislative actions that overlap\n         several sessions are arranged by subject and appear later in\n         the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richmond FitzGerald Bemiss (b. 1922) was a member of the\n         Virginia General Assembly, serving in both the House of\n         Delegates (1955-1959) and the Senate (1960-1967). His papers\n         reflect his career in the Assembly, his work on various\n         government commissions, and other related political activities\n         and interests. Researchers interested in these subjects may\n         also want to look at his book, The General Assembly: 1955-\n         1967.","Bemiss entered the House of Delegates at the height of the\n         school desegregation crisis and served in that body through\n         the extra session of 1959. Although often voting with the\n         conservative majority, Bemiss was nonetheless independent of\n         the dominant Byrd organization and often took positions\n         contrary to the Byrd line. As a member of the Gray commission\n         on Public Education, Bemiss supported \"local option,\" was\n         opposed to massive resistance, and approved of Lindsay\n         Almond's \"freedom of choice\" compromise."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss Papers, 1952-1988 (Mss1 B4252 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ebudget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWater resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanning districts; responses; comments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, addresses, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection begins with materials pertaining to the 1955\n         election, organized as described above. Correspondence,\n         addresses, statements and clippings concerning the extra\n         session of 1955 and subsequent referendum on the revision of\n         the state Constitution to allow tuition grants follow. Letters\n         from Governor Thomas B. Stanley and Dabney S. Lancaster\n         document Bemiss's efforts in organizing pro-convention\n         forces.","The 1956 session of the general assembly was noteworthy for\n         the passage of a resolution of \"Interposition.\" This doctrine\n         asserts that individual states have the power to declare a\n         decision of the Supreme Court unconstitutional until the issue\n         is settled through the amendment process. Although eventually\n         voting with the majority in support of the resolution, Bemiss\n         expressed doubts about the action in a letter to Governor\n         Stanley. A letter from Lewis F. Powell, Jr., later an\n         associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, also\n         questions the assembly's action. Both these letters are found\n         in the folder of correspondence and addresses, which is\n         followed by newspaper clippings, mostly from the editorial\n         series by James J. Kilpatrick in the Richmond News Leader.\n         Miscellaneous \"Interposition\" materials include addresses and\n         copies of resolutions from other states.","In 1956 Bemiss was appointed to fill a vacancy on the\n         Commission on Public Education, chaired by State Senator\n         Garland Gray. Materials concerning the Gray Commission consist\n         of correspondence and statements, including a joint statement\n         by Bemiss and fellow delegate J. Randolph Tucker announcing\n         their dissent from the majority report. Correspondence\n         concerning the 1956 extra session is mostly from constituents\n         concerning the proposed school closing bills. 1957 general\n         correspondence and election materials follow. General\n         correspondence includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd, Sr.,\n         concerning the settlement of a displaced Hungarian family in\n         Richmond. General correspondence for 1958 and 1959 and a\n         folder of material concerning the 1958 session of the General\n         Assembly precede material concerning the special session of\n         1959.","In January 1959 both the U. S. and state supreme courts\n         declared Virginia's school closing laws unconstitutional. The\n         assembly, meeting in extra session, replaced the legislation\n         with the Commission on Education's \"freedom of choice\" plan,\n         which provided for the possibility of some integration. Bemiss\n         served on the Perrow Commission, and his papers contain\n         commission minutes, reports, and statements from a public\n         hearing on March 6 of that year.","Bemiss ran for the State Senate in 1959. Researchers are\n         again reminded that the campaign materials are arranged as\n         described on the first page of this summary. Campaign\n         correspondence includes letters from Lewis F. Powell, who\n         advised Bemiss and helped draft statements. Two folders\n         containing budget and financial data for the 1960 session\n         follow.","The extra session of 1963 dealt with the poll tax issue and\n         amending the Virginia Constitution before the 1964\n         presidential selection. Materials include letters from\n         constituents, copies of resolutions and bills, and clippings.\n         Correspondence concerning various bills introduced during the\n         1964 session is arranged by bill, with an index located in the\n         front of the folder. Folders concerning the extra sessions of\n         1964 and 1965, both of which dealt with redistricting, include\n         addresses, population statistics, a copy of a federal court\n         decision , and a Harry Byrd, Sr., statement on the voting\n         rights act. Senate materials from 1965-1967 follow, arranged\n         as previously described.","In 1967, FitzGerald Bemiss announced his retirement from\n         the Senate, citing a need to devote more time to his\n         family-run businesses. Materials concerning his announcement\n         not to seek re-election include correspondence, clippings,\n         editorials, and a statement. Memoranda, mainly of Carter O.\n         Lowance, executive secretary to the governor, describes major\n         actions of each Assembly session from 1956 to 1968.","The next section of the collection pertains to various\n         election campaigns, presidential, senatorial, and\n         gubernatorial from 1952 to 1985. Located in box 3, these\n         papers mainly consist of campaign literature and clippings and\n         precinct returns from Richmond newspapers. In some campaigns,\n         however, Bemiss was more actively involved and generated a\n         larger number of records. In the 1966 Senate Democratic\n         primary, Bemiss worked for the incumbent, A. Willis Robertson,\n         in organizing and fund-raising in the third district.\n         Correspondence with Robertson concerns the incumbent's age and\n         health as compared with that of former Senator Carter Glass.\n         Bemiss also served as a budgetary and financial advisor for\n         Fred G. Pollard in the 1969 Democratic gubernatorial primary,\n         Harry F. Byrd in his 1970 campaign for Senate, and Richard D.\n         Obenshain in his 1978 quest for the Republican gubernatorial\n         nomination. The section concludes with a folder of election\n         analyses by Larry Sabato, a folder of Richmond City Democratic\n         Committee memoranda, correspondence, statements and 1965\n         redistricting information, a folder of Republican party\n         appeals, and a folder of miscellaneous election materials.","The rest of the collection has been arranged in roughly\n         chronological fashion around three subjects that interested\n         Senator Bemiss: government, education, and the environment.\n         These papers reflect Bemiss's service on a number of\n         government commission, civic organizations, and community\n         affairs groups. Many of these relate to general assembly\n         activities that either spanned several sessions or continued\n         after his 1967 retirement.","Records pertaining to government begin with several folders\n         of otherwise only loosely related materials. The first folder\n         in this section concerns the building of a parking lot for the\n         Virginia Museum. This is followed by papers concerning the\n         standardization of annual reports for the various executive\n         departments. In January 1961 Bemiss attended a White House\n         conference on aging and conference information as well as\n         Bemiss's statements opposing medial aid for the elderly\n         through social security, are included in this material.","Addresses concerning the findings of the Commission on\n         State and Local Revenues and Expenditures follow. Appointed by\n         Governor Albertis S. Harrison in 1962, the commission's\n         purpose was to study new and additional sources of revenue.\n         Although it was generally understood that this meant preparing\n         the way for a state sales tax by eliminating the legal\n         barriers and developing plans for distributing the proceeds,\n         other actions were also recommended. As chairman of the Local\n         Revenues and Expenditures Committee, Bemiss proposed\n         legislation prohibiting the underassessment and undertaxation\n         of real estate at the expense of public utility facilities,\n         whose burden was then passed on to other localities. A folder\n         marked \"public utilities' mostly concerns several bills\n         introduced during the 1966 session seeking to abolish this\n         common practice.","Correspondence with Richmond City Council primarily\n         concerns proposed changes in the city charter providing for\n         staggered four-year terms for the city's state senators. State\n         planning materials concern the establishment of a division to\n         oversee long-range planning.","In 1966 Bemiss was appointed by Governor Mills E. Godwin to\n         the Virginia Metropolitan Area Study Commission. Under the\n         chairmanship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute president, T.\n         Marshall Hahn, the commission examined problems created by\n         Virginia's growing and shifting population. Bemiss's\n         subcommittee on Governmental Structure proposed redrawing\n         county boundaries to reflect twentieth-century demands, and\n         establishing service and planning districts as alternatives to\n         annexation in meeting problems created in multi-jurisdictional\n         area. These ideas were, quite naturally, opposed by many in\n         the legislature who viewed the proposal as a threat to local\n         autonomy. Commission minutes, correspondence, and reports, as\n         well as subcommittee correspondence begin box 4. Materials\n         concerning the Commission on the Legislative Process, on which\n         Bemiss also served, follow. Papers pertaining to the\n         Commission on Constitutional Revision again reflect Bemiss's\n         interest in multi-locality planning districts. Bemiss planned\n         the inauguration of Governor Linwood Holton in 1970 and this\n         material consists of memoranda, seating charts, invitations,\n         and a program.","The section concerning education begins with a folder of\n         general correspondence, consisting of constituent requests,\n         invitations to speak, and copies of addresses. Seven folders\n         labeled \"State Council of Higher Education\" follow. Bemiss was\n         a patron of the bill which created the council, whose purpose\n         was to promote and develop a coordinated system of higher\n         education in the state. This material, which includes\n         correspondence, memoranda, and reports, concerns the creation\n         of the council, its early operation, and a VALC report,\n         \"education of Scientists, Engineers and Other Specialists.\"\n         Other subjects include the separation of colleges in the\n         William and Mary System (including Richmond Professional\n         Institute) and inter-library cooperation in sharing technical\n         services and facilities.","Correspondence with the State Board of Education precedes\n         materials related to the Commission on Public Education\n         chaired by William B. Spong (not to be confused with the Gray\n         Commission). Correspondence, statements, and reports document\n         the commission's work, which involved evaluation of school\n         curricula and teacher certification requirements. Materials\n         pertaining to the Bureau of Educational Research concern the\n         establishment of a permanent agency to conduct research in\n         education. Budget materials for 1964 concern cuts in higher\n         education and include statements by Bemiss and University of\n         Virginia President Edgar F. Shannon. A second 1964 folder\n         documents an unsuccessful attempt to restrict enrollment in\n         Virginia state colleges by out-of-state students. Materials\n         pertaining to the Virginia Institute of Scientific Research\n         concern the establishment of an institution for graduate\n         research in Richmond. Papers of two Richmond organizations,\n         the Citizens for Excellent Public Schools and the Ad Hoc\n         Committee on Public Schools, demonstrate their commitment to\n         public education during the school busing controversy in\n         1971-1972. This section concludes with miscellaneous speeches\n         and clippings on education.","The remainder of the Bemiss papers reflect his interest in\n         conservation and the environment. Included in this section are\n         records concerning several commissions, the Virginia Outdoor\n         Recreation Study Commission (1964-1966), the Governor's\n         Special Commission on Water Resources (1965-1966), and the\n         Governor's Commission on Virginia' Future (1982-1985). Related\n         material concerns water pollution and parks.","Bemiss was chairman of the Virginia Outdoor Recreation\n         Study Commission, which formulated a comprehensive plan to\n         protect and develop Virginia' scenic, natural, and historic\n         resources. The Virginia Outdoors Plan, passed by the 1966\n         assembly, created a Commission of Outdoor Recreation to\n         acquire and maintain parks, scenic areas, camping grounds, and\n         other sites for public use. The legislation also created the\n         Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission (now the Division of\n         Historic Landmarks). Records of the VORSC consist of\n         correspondence, addresses, reports, press releases and\n         clippings. Landmarks Commission materials primarily concern\n         the acquisition of open space easements at \"Old Mansion,\"\n         Caroline County and at \"Wakefield,\" Westmoreland County, and\n         attempts by the owners of \"Tuckahoe,\" Goochland County to\n         change the route of a proposed highway. Correspondence\n         concerning open space easements is primarily with George C.\n         Freeman, a lawyer who designed the law allowing property\n         owners to grant easements designating areas where future\n         development would be prohibited. The Virginia Outdoors Plan\n         also created the Virginia Outdoors Foundation to encourage\n         private philanthropy towards conservation efforts of the\n         state.","Bemiss also served as chairman of the Governor's Special\n         Committee on Water Resources, a commission created to\n         determine the effects of growth on the state's future water\n         resources. An additional folder concerning water resources\n         consists primarily of articles on drainage basins of various\n         state rivers. Materials concerning water pollution consist of\n         a memo on the subject to Governor Linwood Holton and the\n         governor's acknowledgment.","Information and brochures concerning several state parks\n         begin box 6. The next folder pertains to a trip to the Eastern\n         Shore in 1960 and Bemiss's subsequent article on natural areas\n         for Virginia Wildlife magazine.","The following three folders demonstrate Bemiss's interest\n         in both conservation and metropolitan planning. Materials of\n         the Richmond Regional Planning Commission, the Richmond\n         Regional Park Authority, and the Capital Region Park Authority\n         concern cooperative community efforts in creating open space\n         areas in the Richmond metropolitan area. General\n         correspondence concerning the James River precedes materials\n         pertains to a study commission report on deepening the James\n         River channel. Articles of incorporation, by-laws, and reports\n         of the Richmond James River Association, of which Bemiss was\n         president, reflect that organization's apprehension over water\n         usage and the river's flow. The next four folders, consisting\n         of correspondence, clippings, newsletters and maps, concern\n         the construction of a downtown expressway and its effects on\n         natural areas along the James River. Although the expressway\n         was built, parts of the historic Kanawha Canal were preserved\n         and restored and James River Park was established.","In 1982, Bemiss was appointed to the Governor's Commission\n         on Virginia's Future, which was chaired by former Senator\n         William B. Spong. The commission's mission was to assess state\n         needs and provide planning and direction into the twenty-first\n         century. Correspondence, committee assignments, meeting\n         summaries, final reports and clippings precede records\n         pertaining to the Environment and Natural Resources Task\n         Force, which Bemiss chaired. These papers are arranged\n         topically (these topics being sub-headings in the final\n         report). Subjects include: water, land use, waste management,\n         the Chesapeake Bay and fisheries. A final report and related\n         papers of the Government and Planning Task Force follow.","In conjunction with his service on the Future Commission,\n         Bemiss participated in a conference sponsored by the Virginia\n         Institute on Government, in October 1985, on the \"Future of\n         the Virginia Environment.\" The collection contains a copy of\n         the conference's final statement. Miscellaneous correspondence\n         concerning parks and water and addresses pertaining to\n         environmental issues conclude this section.","Miscellaneous speeches and addresses, mostly from\n         dedication, naturalization, and award ceremonies, precede a\n         folder of general miscellany, which includes a 1958 address on\n         fiscal management by Senator Harry F. Byrd.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence and addresses; cliippings;\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence; bills (bound); bills,\n                     resolutions, amendments; Harrison v. Day","Minutes, addresses; public hearing; committee\n                     report; sub-committee reports; clippings and\n                     miscellany.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                  letters of congratulation, statements of expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulation, statements of\n                     expense.","Correspondence, addresses, campaign material,\n                     letters of congratulations, statements of\n                     expense.","Elections for governor, president and senator,\n               1953-1985 (arranged chronologically); analyses by Larry\n               Sabato, 1985-1987; Richmond City Democratic Committee,\n               1953-1955, 1963-1967; Republican Party of Virginia,\n               1980-1986; election miscellany.","Minutes; correspondence; reports; Committee on\n                  Governmental Structure.","Correspondence, 1955-1958; General Assembly,\n                  1956-1958; VALC report, 1957; memoranda and reports,\n                  1956-1963, 1970; William and Mary, 1961-1962;\n                  inter-library cooperation, 1962-1965.","budget, 1963-1964; out-of-state college\n                  enrollment, 1964; Institute of Scientific Research,\n                  1965-1967.","Correspondence; addresses; reports; press\n                  releases; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1981-1983; Historic Landmarks\n                  Committee, 1965-1966.","\"Old Mansion,\" 1968-1971; \"Wakefield,\" 1970-1972;\n                  open space easements, 1966-1979, 1986-1988.","Water resources, 1966-1979; water pollution,\n                     1969-1970; state parks, 1957-1974; \"Natural Areas\n                     System for Virginia,\" 1960-1961; Richmond Regional\n                     Planning Commission, 1958-1966, 1972; Richmond\n                     Regional Park Authority 1960-1967; Capital Region\n                     Park Authority, 1968-1970; James river, 1965-1966,\n                     1971; James River Channel, 1962-1964; Richmond\n                     James River Association, 1964-1970, 1981; Richmond\n                     Open Space Plan, 1964-1972; Local James Action\n                     Committee, 1967; Richmond Scenic James Council,\n                     1970-1973; James River and Kanawha Parks,\n                     1970-1973.","Correspondence; membership; meeting summaries;\n                     final reports.","Correspondence; membership; water; land use;\n                     waste management; Chesapeake Bay; fisheries;\n                     report.","Planning districts; responses; comments.","Correspondence, addresses, etc.","Speeches and addresses, 1958-1975; general\n               miscellany."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eFitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["FitzGerald Bemiss's papers cover\n         his career in the Virginia General Assembly, his work on\n         various government commissions, and other related political\n         activities and interests. Commissions on which he served\n         include the Commission on Public Education (a.k.a. the Gray\n         Commission), the Virginia Outdoor Recreation Study Commission,\n         the irginia Metropolitan Areas Study Commission, and the\n         overnor's Commission on Virginia's Future. His areas of\n         particular interest included educational and environmental\n         issues."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":77,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00002_c02_c08"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Account book, 1860-1861","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eKept as American minster to France (also, includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book, 1865-1877)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02"],"id":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00012","_root_":"vihi_vih00012","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c04","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c04","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00012","vihi_vih00012_c07","vihi_vih00012_c07_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00012","vihi_vih00012_c07","vihi_vih00012_c07_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Series 7: Volumes added in 1986. \n               \n               1792-1893","Subseries 7.4: Charles James\n                  Faulkner (1806-1884), \"Boydville,\" Martinsburg, Va.\n                  (now W. Va.)."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Series 7: Volumes added in 1986. \n               \n               1792-1893","Subseries 7.4: Charles James\n                  Faulkner (1806-1884), \"Boydville,\" Martinsburg, Va.\n                  (now W. Va.)."],"text":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Series 7: Volumes added in 1986. \n               \n               1792-1893","Subseries 7.4: Charles James\n                  Faulkner (1806-1884), \"Boydville,\" Martinsburg, Va.\n                  (now W. Va.).","Account book, 1860-1861","Kept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)"],"title_filing_ssi":"Account book, 1860-1861","title_ssm":["Account book, 1860-1861"],"title_tesim":["Account book, 1860-1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Account book, 1860-1861"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":64,"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Kept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#3/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00012","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00012","_root_":"vihi_vih00012","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00012","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00012.xml","title_ssm":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"title_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 F2735 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 F2735 a FA2","Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.","Berkeley County (W. Va.) -- History.","Berkeley County Agricultural and Mechanics\n         Association (Berkeley County, W. Va.)","Boyd, Elisha, 1769- 1841.","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-\n         1929.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884.","Faulkner, James, 1776-1817..","Jefferson County (W. Va.) -- History.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Lawyers -- West Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad\n         Company.","Merchants -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- West Virginia -- History --\n         19th century.","Practice of law -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th\n         century.","Waggener, Andrew, 1843-1813.","West Virginia. Constitutional Convention\n         (1872)","West Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Whig Party (U.S.)","Wickahm, John, 1763-1839.","12,000 (ca.) items.","Collection is open for research.","The Faulkner Family papers are arranged into six series by\n         individual and subseries by subject or document type where\n         necessary. A seventh series contains volumes added after the\n         initial processing was completed.","Alphabetical.","Arranged alphabetically.","Arranged alphabetically.","Of Berkeley County, W. Va. Represented in the collection\n         are James Faulkner (1776-1817), of Martinsburg, Va. (now W.\n         Va.), merchant; lawyer Elisha Boyd (1796-1841), a friend of\n         James Faulkner; lawyer Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), who\n         served in both houses of the Virginia legislature and in the\n         U.S. House of Representatives for both Virginia and West\n         Virginia; and Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1929) of\n         \"Boydville,\" Berkeley County, lawyer and West Virginia circuit\n         judge, and U.S. Senator, 1887-1899.","The Faulkner family papers cover three generations of one\n         of the most influential families in Berkeley County, West\n         Virginia. Merchants and lawyers in Martinsburg, the Faulkners\n         have traditionally taken an active part in the social,\n         economic, political and judicial affairs of their county, the\n         state of Virginia, and West Virginia, and the nation.","James Faulkner (1776-1817), an Irish immigrant, settled in\n         Martinsburg and in 1796 formed a partnership with merchant\n         Michael McKewan as James Faulkner \u0026 Co. The company\n         dissolved after two years, but James Faulkner continued to\n         trade under his own name. His personal and business\n         correspondence and financial records are mixed, however\n         separate folders cover both James Faulkner \u0026 Co. and James\n         Faulkner's later mercantile activities. Among James Faulkner's\n         correspondents are Mathew Carey, Dr. Richard McSherry of\n         Martinsburg, Virginia congressman James Stephenson, and Mason\n         Locke Weems; a letterbook, 1799-1800, kept by James Faulkner\n         also contains mercantile accounts, 1806-1807. The mercantile\n         folders include not only licences, legal notices and store\n         orders, but also records, 1795-1796, of John Tabb \u0026 Co. of\n         Martinsburg and materials concerning the same of lottery\n         tickets (especially for the Vaccine Institution Lottery in\n         Baltimore, Md.).","For many years James Faulkner served as an officer in the\n         Virginia Militia. By the opening of the War of 1812, he had\n         risen to the rank of major and commanded the Virginia\n         artillery at Fort Barbour in Norfolk and at the Battle of\n         Craney Island. His military records include early commissions,\n         materials concerning the Martinsburg Independent Blues, 3rd\n         Artillery Regiment, and must rolls and returns, an orderly\n         book, letters and other items concerning James Faulkner's\n         service in the War of 1812 (Box 9).","Also found among James Faulkner's papers are land records\n         concerning Martinsburg and Berkeley County; an account book,\n         1811-1820, kept in part by James Faulkner as president of the\n         Berkeley County Overseers of the Poor; an account and will of\n         James Faulkner's father-in-law William Mackey; and estate\n         materials, including an inventory, loose accounts, and records\n         concerning a monument to James Faulkner in Martinsburg.","Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), a contemporary and friend of James\n         Faulkner, and eventually father-in-law to James Faulkner's\n         son, Charles James Faulkner, was a prominent lawyer of\n         Martinsburg, involved in politics and local economic\n         development. His papers include correspondence, notably with\n         Richmond lawyer John Wickham, and with Charles James Faulkner\n         while both served in the Virginia legislature; land records in\n         Berkeley County and Martinsburg; and legal materials from\n         Elisha Boyd's law practice in the Berkeley County Court and\n         the Virginia Superior Count of Chancery at Winchester. Also,\n         Elisha Boyd's papers contain records of Andrew Waggener,\n         father of Elisha Boyd's first wife, including records,\n         1795-1800, of the mercantile firm of Waggener \u0026 Warner in\n         Berkeley County; records concerning Elisha Boyd's service as\n         commander of the 4th Regiment and 10th Brigade of Virginia\n         Militia; estate materials including a will, deed, notes, etc.;\n         and miscellany. There are also a few items for Elisha Boyd's\n         third wife, Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd, and his son, Rev.\n         Andrew Hunter Holmes Boyd.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Among Charles James Faulkner's other papers (for a full\n         list see guide) are records kept by John Weller, a fellow\n         attorney who acted as Charles James Faulkner's agent during\n         the latter's mission to France (see below). The records\n         primarily concern the maintenance of the \"Boydville\" estate in\n         Martinsburg, built by Elisha Boyd and inherited by Charles\n         James Faulkner's wife. Boxes 45-46 contain additional records\n         concerning \"Boydville,\" particularly the acquisition of\n         adjoining lands and contracts with laborers and tenants; and\n         records of Charles James Faulkner's purchases and sales of\n         land in Frederick County, Va. (the \"Glengary\" farm obtained\n         from John Rogers Cooke in partnership with Philip Clayton\n         Pendleton), Berkeley County, and Martinsburg.","Charles James Faulkner's law practice comprises the largest\n         portion of his papers. Box 47 contains notes kept as a student\n         at the Winchester Law School, 1825-1826, and general\n         miscellany of his practice such as licences, accounts, notes\n         on law, etc. The papers involving actual litigation or other\n         services for clients are divided into several groups: by\n         court, into case files (records of four or more items,\n         including writs, summonses, proceedings, bills, notes, etc.,\n         relating to specific cases) and suit papers (three or less\n         items per lawsuit basically arranged chronologically); by\n         client (records of legal services provided over time not\n         necessarily involving litigation); And by estate (including\n         estate settlements in which Charles James Faulkner served as\n         court-appointed administrator and settlements involving\n         pension claims for service in the Revolutionary War). Box 65\n         contains records kept by Charles James Faulkner and Edmund\n         Pendleton as trustees for the Martinsburg mercantile firm of\n         Lauck \u0026 Stephen. Charles James Faulkner practiced chiefly\n         in the Berkeley County Court, Circuit Superior Court, and\n         Circuit Court; the Jefferson County Circuit Court; Morgan\n         County Circuit Court; and West Virginia Supreme Court of\n         Appeals. One interesting folder (Box 59) concerns Charles\n         James Faulkner's appearance as counsel for W. Va. in the U.S.\n         Supreme Court in an action by Virginia to recover the counties\n         of Berkeley and Jefferson in 1870.","Among the more important clients for whom Charles James\n         Faulkner maintained files were the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio\n         Railroad Company (see also correspondence with J. W. Garrett,\n         Louis McLane and Thomas Swann); Bank of the Valley in Virginia\n         (see also correspondence with Henry M. Brent, Hamilton G. Fant\n         and Charles Webb); and the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Md. A\n         complete list of case files, client files, and estate\n         settlements is filed in Box 47.","Charles James Faulkner entered politics early in his\n         career. The folders covering his first service in the Virginia\n         House of Delegates and State Senate include campaign\n         materials, speeches, resolutions and printed documents. While\n         serving in the House, Charles James Faulkner was appointed\n         commissioner to settle Virginia's boundary with Maryland. His\n         records of that mission include documents signed by William\n         Byrd II and reports Charles James Faulkner issued as\n         commissioner. His Whig party activities were wide ranging; his\n         papers contain materials from the 1840 and 1844 Whig\n         presidential campaigns in Virginia, an unsuccessful campaign\n         for Congress in 1843, and various political speeches (Box\n         69).","Charles James Faulkner entered Congress in 1851. His\n         congressional files contain campaign materials, election\n         certificates, records as chairman of the House Committee on\n         Military Affairs (he took particular interest in the armories\n         at Springfield, Mass., and Harpers Ferry, W. Va., and in\n         bolstering the U.S. Army), printed items and news clippings,\n         and a large file of miscellany (Box 70). While serving in\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner switched to the Democratic\n         party. He accepted the post of chairman of the National\n         Democratic Resident Committee in Washington, D.C., which was\n         charged with organizing \"grassroots\" support in the summer of\n         1856 for the election of James Buchanan as president (Boxes\n         71-72). The materials, arranged chronologically, include\n         circulars, committee correspondence and financial\n         accounts.","A grateful President Buchanan appointed Charles James\n         Faulkner Envoy Extraordinary to France in 1860 upon the death\n         of fellow Virginian John Young Mason. The records kept as\n         minister to France include correspondence (primarily letters\n         of introduction and American claims against French citizens,\n         but with some official dispatches), credentials, invitations,\n         biographical sketches of Charles James Faulkner (in French)\n         and news clippings (Box 73). Charles James Faulkner served a\n         full year, returned to Washington, and was arrested for\n         several months in 1861, in effect as a political prisoner held\n         for the exchange of a prominent northern congressman.","After his release, Charles James Faulkner remained\n         primarily in Virginia and served for a time on the staff of\n         Confederate General Thomas J. (\"Stonewall\") Jackson. A lengthy\n         broadside in the collection served to explain Charles James\n         Faulkner's activities in those years, but brought forth howls\n         of protest from former Confederates and pro-Union West\n         Virginians alike (Box 73).","With the close of the war, Charles James Faulkner struggled\n         to regain a position of standing in West Virginia politics. He\n         served in the 1872 Constitutional Convention as chairman of\n         the committees on the judiciary and on revision. Boxes 74-75\n         contain speeches, documents, resolutions, judiciary plans\n         (printed) and news clippings.","Charles James Faulkner returned to Congress in 1875. His\n         records contain election materials, materials concerning his\n         service on a three-man Committee to Investigate the Affairs of\n         the Red Cloud Indian Agency (July-November 1875), papers kept\n         as chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations,\n         petitions and applications, constituent requests, lists of\n         voters, clippings and miscellany. After his retirement from\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner unsuccessfully ran for the\n         U.S. Senate and the office of governor of West Virginia (Boxes\n         76-77).","The few remaining boxes cover Charles James Faulkner's\n         personal life and economic activities. He served as president\n         and chief counsel of the Martinsburg \u0026 Potomac Railroad\n         Co., president of the Berkeley County Agricultural \u0026\n         Mechanical Association, president of the West Virginia\n         Historical Society, and regent of the West Virginia University\n         at Morgantown (Box 78). Miscellany includes papers concerning\n         a former servant at \"Boydville,\" Mary McGuire; letters\n         concerning Charles James Faulkner's visit to Great Britain in\n         1846; schools and education (including addresses); news\n         clippings; freemason materials; and estate records.","Charles James Faulkner's wife, Mary Wagner (Boyd) Faulkner\n         (d. 1894) lived at \"Boydville\" most of her life. Her papers\n         include correspondence; an account book and loose accounts; a\n         commonplace book kept in France, 1860; records concerning a\n         claim against the U.S. government for damages at \"Boydville,\"\n         1863-1865; and personal miscellany (Box 81).","Elisha Boyd Faulkner (b. 1841) lawyer, W. Va. legislator\n         and judge, was the Faulkner's eldest son. He practiced law in\n         Hopkinsville, Ky., after the Civil War, but returned to\n         Martinsville in the 1870s to practice in partnership with his\n         younger brother. Box 82 contains his correspondence, a few\n         case files, and personal miscellany.","Charles James Faulkner (1847-1929) inherited \"Boydville\"\n         from his mother. He practiced law, served as a West Virginia\n         circuit judge, and entered the U.S. Senate in 1887. His\n         records as a senator (arranged chronologically) include\n         letters from constituents, petitioners, fellow Democrats and\n         senators concerning congressional activities and Democratic\n         politics; speeches and printed items; and news clippings\n         (Boxes 87-88).","Several small folders of papers concern Charles James\n         Faulkner's first wife, Sallie Winn (d.1891) of\n         Charlottesville, Va., her mother Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn\n         (1818-1869), and her brother John Winn (b. 1838?). Mrs.\n         Faulkner's sister, Elizabeth Garrett Winn (b. 1840?) lived in\n         Martinsburg for many years. She was a popular belle in\n         Charlottesville in the immediate postwar years, and later\n         became a teacher in West Virginia. Her papers include\n         correspondence, accounts, a commonplace book, ca.1867, records\n         of her teaching career, 1873-1880, at the Martinsburg Grammar\n         School, and personal miscellany (Boxes 90-93). Another sister,\n         Ellen Watson Winn (1842?-1893) cared for the children at\n         \"Boydville\" after Mrs. Faulkner's death. Papers of the second\n         Mrs. Faulkner, Virginia Fairfax Whiting (1867-1938), are\n         entirely financial in nature (Box 93).","Box 94 contains a few items each for Charles James\n         Faulkner's sisters and their husbands, and his children.\n         Miscellaneous Berkeley and Jefferson county records and some\n         unclassified miscellany round out the collection.","Lastly, volumes transferred to this collection in April\n         1986, including account books for James Faulkner (1779-1817),\n         Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), Andrew Waggener, Charles James\n         Faulkner (1806-1884), Lauck \u0026 Stephen, Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), Isaac S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Winchester, Va., Isaac\n         S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.), and Charles\n         James Faulkner (1847-1929) are filed on the open shelves at\n         the end of the collection.","Personal and mercantile account books, 1797,\n                  1806-1816; loose accounts, 1793-1816; notes and\n                  bonds.","Virginia militia and War of 1812; Martinsburg and\n                  Berkeley County records; William Mackey materials;\n                  estate materials.","Correspondence, 1798-1841; loose accounts,\n                  1798-1840; bonds and notes; flour milling, 1839-1840;\n                  land records.","Law practice.","Andrew Waggener; personal miscellany; estate;\n                  Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd; Andrew H. H. Boyd.","Account books; loose accounts, 1826-1884; bonds\n                  and notes.","Commonplace book, 1884; agent's records (John\n                  Weller); slaves; herds.","\"Boydville\" estate records; land records","Virginia legislative service; boundary\n                     commissioner; Whig Party papers.","Scrapbook of pamphlets; 1850-1851 Va. Convention;\n                  U.S. Congress, 1851-1859.","Democratic National Resident Committee, 1856.","West Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1872.","U.S. Congress, 1875-1877; miscellaneous West\n                  Virginia political activities.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad; Berkeley County\n                  Agricultural and Mechanical Assoc.; Berkeley County\n                  centennial; West Virginia Historical Society; West\n                  Virginia University.","Invitations; Mary McGuire; letters, 1846; Berkeley\n                  Co. and Martinsburg miscellany; education and church\n                  activities.","Speeches; freemasonry; newspaper clippings;\n                  personal miscellany; estate.","Correspondence, 1831-1876; account books and loose\n               accounts; 1847-1893; commonplace book, 1860; claims\n               against the U.S. government, 1863-1865; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1890; case files; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1902 (arranged\n                  alphabetically).","Account book; loose accounts, 1868-1897,\n                  1905-1915.","Law practice","U.S. Senate materials, 1887-1899 (arranged\n                  chronologically).","Personal miscellany; estate; Sallie (Winn)\n                  Faulkner; Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn; John Winn.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn correspondence,\n                  1865-1881.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn accounts, 1869-1881;\n                  commonplace book, ca.1867; teaching materials.","Ellen Watson Winn; Virginia Fairfax (Whiting)\n                  Faulkner.","Sisters and children of Charles James Faulkner,\n                  Jr.; miscellaneous county records; general\n                  miscellany.","Kept as an officer in the Berkeley Co., militia\n                     during the Whiskey Rebellion (some entries made by\n                     James Faulkner).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index); also\n                     served as cash book of Charles James Faulkner,\n                     1843-1848.","Personal accounts, wool and flour milling,\n                     \"Boydville\" harvesting, and estate (some entries\n                     made by Charles James Faulkner).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. (now W. Va.).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. [now. W. Va.].","Kept by Peter Moore (of Bourbon, Co., Ky.), in\n                     part as orderly book, 1780-1781, of the Western\n                     Battalion of Virginia State Forces at Albemarle\n                     Barracks, Va., Shepherdstown, Va. (now W. Va.),\n                     and Fredericktown (i.e. Frederick, Md., under\n                     command of Joseph Crockett (see also pension claim\n                     file of Peter Moore, Box 67).","Kept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)","Daybook, 1813-1815 (also Martinsburg,\n                  1817-1818)","Ledgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.","Concerns Faulkner and Faulkner, Martinsburg, W.\n                     Va., covering the law practice of Charles James\n                     Faulkner and Elisha Boyd Faulkner.","Contains newspaper clippings concerning Charles\n                     James Faulkner's career in the U.S. Senate.","There are no restrictions.","Chiefly papers, 1826-1884, of\n         Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), consisting of\n         correspondence concerning his legal and political career;\n         records of his law practice, including materials concerning\n         the disagreement between Virginia and West Virginia over the\n         counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, and materials concerning\n         the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company; political files\n         relating to his activities in the Whig and Democratic parties\n         and including campaign materials for Virginia elections and\n         for the presidential election of 1856, papers relating to his\n         U.S. ambassadorship to France, 1859-1861, and materials\n         concerning the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of\n         1872; and miscellaneous items relating to the Martinsburg\n         \u0026 Potomac Railroad Company and the Berkeley County\n         Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical Association. Also includes\n         papers, 1866-1915, of Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1920),\n         consisting of correspondence, financial records, and legal\n         documents concerning his law practice and his service in the\n         U.S. Senate, 1887-1899; papers, 1793-1816, of Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), merchant James Faulkner (1776-1817), including\n         records of his service in the Virginia militia during the War\n         of 1812; papers of lawyer Elisha Boyd, including\n         correspondence with Richmond, Va., lawyer John Wickham; and\n         records of Boyd's father-in-law, merchant Andrew Waggener of\n         Berkeley County, Va. (now W. Va.).","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 F2735 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"collection_title_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"collection_ssim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift/purchase of Dr. Thornton Tayloe Perry, Washington,\n            D.C., and Mrs. Barclay K. Read, McLean, Va., in 1984.\n            Formerly a part of the collections of Thornton Tayloe Perry\n            II of Charles Town, W. Va."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.","Berkeley County (W. Va.) -- History.","Berkeley County Agricultural and Mechanics\n         Association (Berkeley County, W. Va.)","Boyd, Elisha, 1769- 1841.","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-\n         1929.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884.","Faulkner, James, 1776-1817..","Jefferson County (W. Va.) -- History.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Lawyers -- West Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad\n         Company.","Merchants -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- West Virginia -- History --\n         19th century.","Practice of law -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th\n         century.","Waggener, Andrew, 1843-1813.","West Virginia. Constitutional Convention\n         (1872)","West Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Whig Party (U.S.)","Wickahm, John, 1763-1839."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.","Berkeley County (W. Va.) -- History.","Berkeley County Agricultural and Mechanics\n         Association (Berkeley County, W. Va.)","Boyd, Elisha, 1769- 1841.","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-\n         1929.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884.","Faulkner, James, 1776-1817..","Jefferson County (W. Va.) -- History.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Lawyers -- West Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad\n         Company.","Merchants -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- West Virginia -- History --\n         19th century.","Practice of law -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th\n         century.","Waggener, Andrew, 1843-1813.","West Virginia. Constitutional Convention\n         (1872)","West Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Whig Party (U.S.)","Wickahm, John, 1763-1839."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["12,000 (ca.) items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Faulkner Family papers are arranged into six series by\n         individual and subseries by subject or document type where\n         necessary. A seventh series contains volumes added after the\n         initial processing was completed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Faulkner Family papers are arranged into six series by\n         individual and subseries by subject or document type where\n         necessary. A seventh series contains volumes added after the\n         initial processing was completed.","Alphabetical.","Arranged alphabetically.","Arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOf Berkeley County, W. Va. Represented in the collection\n         are James Faulkner (1776-1817), of Martinsburg, Va. (now W.\n         Va.), merchant; lawyer Elisha Boyd (1796-1841), a friend of\n         James Faulkner; lawyer Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), who\n         served in both houses of the Virginia legislature and in the\n         U.S. House of Representatives for both Virginia and West\n         Virginia; and Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1929) of\n         \"Boydville,\" Berkeley County, lawyer and West Virginia circuit\n         judge, and U.S. Senator, 1887-1899.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Of Berkeley County, W. Va. Represented in the collection\n         are James Faulkner (1776-1817), of Martinsburg, Va. (now W.\n         Va.), merchant; lawyer Elisha Boyd (1796-1841), a friend of\n         James Faulkner; lawyer Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), who\n         served in both houses of the Virginia legislature and in the\n         U.S. House of Representatives for both Virginia and West\n         Virginia; and Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1929) of\n         \"Boydville,\" Berkeley County, lawyer and West Virginia circuit\n         judge, and U.S. Senator, 1887-1899."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFaulkner Family Papers, 1737-1954 (Mss1 F2735 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, 1737-1954 (Mss1 F2735 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Faulkner family papers cover three generations of one\n         of the most influential families in Berkeley County, West\n         Virginia. Merchants and lawyers in Martinsburg, the Faulkners\n         have traditionally taken an active part in the social,\n         economic, political and judicial affairs of their county, the\n         state of Virginia, and West Virginia, and the nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Faulkner (1776-1817), an Irish immigrant, settled in\n         Martinsburg and in 1796 formed a partnership with merchant\n         Michael McKewan as James Faulkner \u0026amp; Co. The company\n         dissolved after two years, but James Faulkner continued to\n         trade under his own name. His personal and business\n         correspondence and financial records are mixed, however\n         separate folders cover both James Faulkner \u0026amp; Co. and James\n         Faulkner's later mercantile activities. Among James Faulkner's\n         correspondents are Mathew Carey, Dr. Richard McSherry of\n         Martinsburg, Virginia congressman James Stephenson, and Mason\n         Locke Weems; a letterbook, 1799-1800, kept by James Faulkner\n         also contains mercantile accounts, 1806-1807. The mercantile\n         folders include not only licences, legal notices and store\n         orders, but also records, 1795-1796, of John Tabb \u0026amp; Co. of\n         Martinsburg and materials concerning the same of lottery\n         tickets (especially for the Vaccine Institution Lottery in\n         Baltimore, Md.).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor many years James Faulkner served as an officer in the\n         Virginia Militia. By the opening of the War of 1812, he had\n         risen to the rank of major and commanded the Virginia\n         artillery at Fort Barbour in Norfolk and at the Battle of\n         Craney Island. His military records include early commissions,\n         materials concerning the Martinsburg Independent Blues, 3rd\n         Artillery Regiment, and must rolls and returns, an orderly\n         book, letters and other items concerning James Faulkner's\n         service in the War of 1812 (Box 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso found among James Faulkner's papers are land records\n         concerning Martinsburg and Berkeley County; an account book,\n         1811-1820, kept in part by James Faulkner as president of the\n         Berkeley County Overseers of the Poor; an account and will of\n         James Faulkner's father-in-law William Mackey; and estate\n         materials, including an inventory, loose accounts, and records\n         concerning a monument to James Faulkner in Martinsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElisha Boyd (1769-1841), a contemporary and friend of James\n         Faulkner, and eventually father-in-law to James Faulkner's\n         son, Charles James Faulkner, was a prominent lawyer of\n         Martinsburg, involved in politics and local economic\n         development. His papers include correspondence, notably with\n         Richmond lawyer John Wickham, and with Charles James Faulkner\n         while both served in the Virginia legislature; land records in\n         Berkeley County and Martinsburg; and legal materials from\n         Elisha Boyd's law practice in the Berkeley County Court and\n         the Virginia Superior Count of Chancery at Winchester. Also,\n         Elisha Boyd's papers contain records of Andrew Waggener,\n         father of Elisha Boyd's first wife, including records,\n         1795-1800, of the mercantile firm of Waggener \u0026amp; Warner in\n         Berkeley County; records concerning Elisha Boyd's service as\n         commander of the 4th Regiment and 10th Brigade of Virginia\n         Militia; estate materials including a will, deed, notes, etc.;\n         and miscellany. There are also a few items for Elisha Boyd's\n         third wife, Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd, and his son, Rev.\n         Andrew Hunter Holmes Boyd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong Charles James Faulkner's other papers (for a full\n         list see guide) are records kept by John Weller, a fellow\n         attorney who acted as Charles James Faulkner's agent during\n         the latter's mission to France (see below). The records\n         primarily concern the maintenance of the \"Boydville\" estate in\n         Martinsburg, built by Elisha Boyd and inherited by Charles\n         James Faulkner's wife. Boxes 45-46 contain additional records\n         concerning \"Boydville,\" particularly the acquisition of\n         adjoining lands and contracts with laborers and tenants; and\n         records of Charles James Faulkner's purchases and sales of\n         land in Frederick County, Va. (the \"Glengary\" farm obtained\n         from John Rogers Cooke in partnership with Philip Clayton\n         Pendleton), Berkeley County, and Martinsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner's law practice comprises the largest\n         portion of his papers. Box 47 contains notes kept as a student\n         at the Winchester Law School, 1825-1826, and general\n         miscellany of his practice such as licences, accounts, notes\n         on law, etc. The papers involving actual litigation or other\n         services for clients are divided into several groups: by\n         court, into case files (records of four or more items,\n         including writs, summonses, proceedings, bills, notes, etc.,\n         relating to specific cases) and suit papers (three or less\n         items per lawsuit basically arranged chronologically); by\n         client (records of legal services provided over time not\n         necessarily involving litigation); And by estate (including\n         estate settlements in which Charles James Faulkner served as\n         court-appointed administrator and settlements involving\n         pension claims for service in the Revolutionary War). Box 65\n         contains records kept by Charles James Faulkner and Edmund\n         Pendleton as trustees for the Martinsburg mercantile firm of\n         Lauck \u0026amp; Stephen. Charles James Faulkner practiced chiefly\n         in the Berkeley County Court, Circuit Superior Court, and\n         Circuit Court; the Jefferson County Circuit Court; Morgan\n         County Circuit Court; and West Virginia Supreme Court of\n         Appeals. One interesting folder (Box 59) concerns Charles\n         James Faulkner's appearance as counsel for W. Va. in the U.S.\n         Supreme Court in an action by Virginia to recover the counties\n         of Berkeley and Jefferson in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the more important clients for whom Charles James\n         Faulkner maintained files were the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio\n         Railroad Company (see also correspondence with J. W. Garrett,\n         Louis McLane and Thomas Swann); Bank of the Valley in Virginia\n         (see also correspondence with Henry M. Brent, Hamilton G. Fant\n         and Charles Webb); and the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Md. A\n         complete list of case files, client files, and estate\n         settlements is filed in Box 47.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner entered politics early in his\n         career. The folders covering his first service in the Virginia\n         House of Delegates and State Senate include campaign\n         materials, speeches, resolutions and printed documents. While\n         serving in the House, Charles James Faulkner was appointed\n         commissioner to settle Virginia's boundary with Maryland. His\n         records of that mission include documents signed by William\n         Byrd II and reports Charles James Faulkner issued as\n         commissioner. His Whig party activities were wide ranging; his\n         papers contain materials from the 1840 and 1844 Whig\n         presidential campaigns in Virginia, an unsuccessful campaign\n         for Congress in 1843, and various political speeches (Box\n         69).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner entered Congress in 1851. His\n         congressional files contain campaign materials, election\n         certificates, records as chairman of the House Committee on\n         Military Affairs (he took particular interest in the armories\n         at Springfield, Mass., and Harpers Ferry, W. Va., and in\n         bolstering the U.S. Army), printed items and news clippings,\n         and a large file of miscellany (Box 70). While serving in\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner switched to the Democratic\n         party. He accepted the post of chairman of the National\n         Democratic Resident Committee in Washington, D.C., which was\n         charged with organizing \"grassroots\" support in the summer of\n         1856 for the election of James Buchanan as president (Boxes\n         71-72). The materials, arranged chronologically, include\n         circulars, committee correspondence and financial\n         accounts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grateful President Buchanan appointed Charles James\n         Faulkner Envoy Extraordinary to France in 1860 upon the death\n         of fellow Virginian John Young Mason. The records kept as\n         minister to France include correspondence (primarily letters\n         of introduction and American claims against French citizens,\n         but with some official dispatches), credentials, invitations,\n         biographical sketches of Charles James Faulkner (in French)\n         and news clippings (Box 73). Charles James Faulkner served a\n         full year, returned to Washington, and was arrested for\n         several months in 1861, in effect as a political prisoner held\n         for the exchange of a prominent northern congressman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his release, Charles James Faulkner remained\n         primarily in Virginia and served for a time on the staff of\n         Confederate General Thomas J. (\"Stonewall\") Jackson. A lengthy\n         broadside in the collection served to explain Charles James\n         Faulkner's activities in those years, but brought forth howls\n         of protest from former Confederates and pro-Union West\n         Virginians alike (Box 73).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the close of the war, Charles James Faulkner struggled\n         to regain a position of standing in West Virginia politics. He\n         served in the 1872 Constitutional Convention as chairman of\n         the committees on the judiciary and on revision. Boxes 74-75\n         contain speeches, documents, resolutions, judiciary plans\n         (printed) and news clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner returned to Congress in 1875. His\n         records contain election materials, materials concerning his\n         service on a three-man Committee to Investigate the Affairs of\n         the Red Cloud Indian Agency (July-November 1875), papers kept\n         as chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations,\n         petitions and applications, constituent requests, lists of\n         voters, clippings and miscellany. After his retirement from\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner unsuccessfully ran for the\n         U.S. Senate and the office of governor of West Virginia (Boxes\n         76-77).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe few remaining boxes cover Charles James Faulkner's\n         personal life and economic activities. He served as president\n         and chief counsel of the Martinsburg \u0026amp; Potomac Railroad\n         Co., president of the Berkeley County Agricultural \u0026amp;\n         Mechanical Association, president of the West Virginia\n         Historical Society, and regent of the West Virginia University\n         at Morgantown (Box 78). Miscellany includes papers concerning\n         a former servant at \"Boydville,\" Mary McGuire; letters\n         concerning Charles James Faulkner's visit to Great Britain in\n         1846; schools and education (including addresses); news\n         clippings; freemason materials; and estate records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner's wife, Mary Wagner (Boyd) Faulkner\n         (d. 1894) lived at \"Boydville\" most of her life. Her papers\n         include correspondence; an account book and loose accounts; a\n         commonplace book kept in France, 1860; records concerning a\n         claim against the U.S. government for damages at \"Boydville,\"\n         1863-1865; and personal miscellany (Box 81).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElisha Boyd Faulkner (b. 1841) lawyer, W. Va. legislator\n         and judge, was the Faulkner's eldest son. He practiced law in\n         Hopkinsville, Ky., after the Civil War, but returned to\n         Martinsville in the 1870s to practice in partnership with his\n         younger brother. Box 82 contains his correspondence, a few\n         case files, and personal miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner (1847-1929) inherited \"Boydville\"\n         from his mother. He practiced law, served as a West Virginia\n         circuit judge, and entered the U.S. Senate in 1887. His\n         records as a senator (arranged chronologically) include\n         letters from constituents, petitioners, fellow Democrats and\n         senators concerning congressional activities and Democratic\n         politics; speeches and printed items; and news clippings\n         (Boxes 87-88).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral small folders of papers concern Charles James\n         Faulkner's first wife, Sallie Winn (d.1891) of\n         Charlottesville, Va., her mother Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn\n         (1818-1869), and her brother John Winn (b. 1838?). Mrs.\n         Faulkner's sister, Elizabeth Garrett Winn (b. 1840?) lived in\n         Martinsburg for many years. She was a popular belle in\n         Charlottesville in the immediate postwar years, and later\n         became a teacher in West Virginia. Her papers include\n         correspondence, accounts, a commonplace book, ca.1867, records\n         of her teaching career, 1873-1880, at the Martinsburg Grammar\n         School, and personal miscellany (Boxes 90-93). Another sister,\n         Ellen Watson Winn (1842?-1893) cared for the children at\n         \"Boydville\" after Mrs. Faulkner's death. Papers of the second\n         Mrs. Faulkner, Virginia Fairfax Whiting (1867-1938), are\n         entirely financial in nature (Box 93).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 94 contains a few items each for Charles James\n         Faulkner's sisters and their husbands, and his children.\n         Miscellaneous Berkeley and Jefferson county records and some\n         unclassified miscellany round out the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLastly, volumes transferred to this collection in April\n         1986, including account books for James Faulkner (1779-1817),\n         Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), Andrew Waggener, Charles James\n         Faulkner (1806-1884), Lauck \u0026amp; Stephen, Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), Isaac S. Lauck \u0026amp; Co., Winchester, Va., Isaac\n         S. Lauck \u0026amp; Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.), and Charles\n         James Faulkner (1847-1929) are filed on the open shelves at\n         the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal and mercantile account books, 1797,\n                  1806-1816; loose accounts, 1793-1816; notes and\n                  bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia militia and War of 1812; Martinsburg and\n                  Berkeley County records; William Mackey materials;\n                  estate materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1798-1841; loose accounts,\n                  1798-1840; bonds and notes; flour milling, 1839-1840;\n                  land records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrew Waggener; personal miscellany; estate;\n                  Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd; Andrew H. H. Boyd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books; loose accounts, 1826-1884; bonds\n                  and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonplace book, 1884; agent's records (John\n                  Weller); slaves; herds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Boydville\" estate records; land records\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia legislative service; boundary\n                     commissioner; Whig Party papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of pamphlets; 1850-1851 Va. Convention;\n                  U.S. Congress, 1851-1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemocratic National Resident Committee, 1856.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Congress, 1875-1877; miscellaneous West\n                  Virginia political activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartinsburg and Potomac Railroad; Berkeley County\n                  Agricultural and Mechanical Assoc.; Berkeley County\n                  centennial; West Virginia Historical Society; West\n                  Virginia University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations; Mary McGuire; letters, 1846; Berkeley\n                  Co. and Martinsburg miscellany; education and church\n                  activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches; freemasonry; newspaper clippings;\n                  personal miscellany; estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1831-1876; account books and loose\n               accounts; 1847-1893; commonplace book, 1860; claims\n               against the U.S. government, 1863-1865; personal\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1866-1890; case files; personal\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1866-1902 (arranged\n                  alphabetically).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book; loose accounts, 1868-1897,\n                  1905-1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw practice\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Senate materials, 1887-1899 (arranged\n                  chronologically).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal miscellany; estate; Sallie (Winn)\n                  Faulkner; Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn; John Winn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Garrett Winn correspondence,\n                  1865-1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Garrett Winn accounts, 1869-1881;\n                  commonplace book, ca.1867; teaching materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen Watson Winn; Virginia Fairfax (Whiting)\n                  Faulkner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSisters and children of Charles James Faulkner,\n                  Jr.; miscellaneous county records; general\n                  miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept as an officer in the Berkeley Co., militia\n                     during the Whiskey Rebellion (some entries made by\n                     James Faulkner).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index); also\n                     served as cash book of Charles James Faulkner,\n                     1843-1848.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal accounts, wool and flour milling,\n                     \"Boydville\" harvesting, and estate (some entries\n                     made by Charles James Faulkner).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. (now W. Va.).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. [now. W. Va.].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept by Peter Moore (of Bourbon, Co., Ky.), in\n                     part as orderly book, 1780-1781, of the Western\n                     Battalion of Virginia State Forces at Albemarle\n                     Barracks, Va., Shepherdstown, Va. (now W. Va.),\n                     and Fredericktown (i.e. Frederick, Md., under\n                     command of Joseph Crockett (see also pension claim\n                     file of Peter Moore, Box 67).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1813-1815 (also Martinsburg,\n                  1817-1818)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Faulkner and Faulkner, Martinsburg, W.\n                     Va., covering the law practice of Charles James\n                     Faulkner and Elisha Boyd Faulkner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains newspaper clippings concerning Charles\n                     James Faulkner's career in the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Faulkner family papers cover three generations of one\n         of the most influential families in Berkeley County, West\n         Virginia. Merchants and lawyers in Martinsburg, the Faulkners\n         have traditionally taken an active part in the social,\n         economic, political and judicial affairs of their county, the\n         state of Virginia, and West Virginia, and the nation.","James Faulkner (1776-1817), an Irish immigrant, settled in\n         Martinsburg and in 1796 formed a partnership with merchant\n         Michael McKewan as James Faulkner \u0026 Co. The company\n         dissolved after two years, but James Faulkner continued to\n         trade under his own name. His personal and business\n         correspondence and financial records are mixed, however\n         separate folders cover both James Faulkner \u0026 Co. and James\n         Faulkner's later mercantile activities. Among James Faulkner's\n         correspondents are Mathew Carey, Dr. Richard McSherry of\n         Martinsburg, Virginia congressman James Stephenson, and Mason\n         Locke Weems; a letterbook, 1799-1800, kept by James Faulkner\n         also contains mercantile accounts, 1806-1807. The mercantile\n         folders include not only licences, legal notices and store\n         orders, but also records, 1795-1796, of John Tabb \u0026 Co. of\n         Martinsburg and materials concerning the same of lottery\n         tickets (especially for the Vaccine Institution Lottery in\n         Baltimore, Md.).","For many years James Faulkner served as an officer in the\n         Virginia Militia. By the opening of the War of 1812, he had\n         risen to the rank of major and commanded the Virginia\n         artillery at Fort Barbour in Norfolk and at the Battle of\n         Craney Island. His military records include early commissions,\n         materials concerning the Martinsburg Independent Blues, 3rd\n         Artillery Regiment, and must rolls and returns, an orderly\n         book, letters and other items concerning James Faulkner's\n         service in the War of 1812 (Box 9).","Also found among James Faulkner's papers are land records\n         concerning Martinsburg and Berkeley County; an account book,\n         1811-1820, kept in part by James Faulkner as president of the\n         Berkeley County Overseers of the Poor; an account and will of\n         James Faulkner's father-in-law William Mackey; and estate\n         materials, including an inventory, loose accounts, and records\n         concerning a monument to James Faulkner in Martinsburg.","Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), a contemporary and friend of James\n         Faulkner, and eventually father-in-law to James Faulkner's\n         son, Charles James Faulkner, was a prominent lawyer of\n         Martinsburg, involved in politics and local economic\n         development. His papers include correspondence, notably with\n         Richmond lawyer John Wickham, and with Charles James Faulkner\n         while both served in the Virginia legislature; land records in\n         Berkeley County and Martinsburg; and legal materials from\n         Elisha Boyd's law practice in the Berkeley County Court and\n         the Virginia Superior Count of Chancery at Winchester. Also,\n         Elisha Boyd's papers contain records of Andrew Waggener,\n         father of Elisha Boyd's first wife, including records,\n         1795-1800, of the mercantile firm of Waggener \u0026 Warner in\n         Berkeley County; records concerning Elisha Boyd's service as\n         commander of the 4th Regiment and 10th Brigade of Virginia\n         Militia; estate materials including a will, deed, notes, etc.;\n         and miscellany. There are also a few items for Elisha Boyd's\n         third wife, Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd, and his son, Rev.\n         Andrew Hunter Holmes Boyd.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Among Charles James Faulkner's other papers (for a full\n         list see guide) are records kept by John Weller, a fellow\n         attorney who acted as Charles James Faulkner's agent during\n         the latter's mission to France (see below). The records\n         primarily concern the maintenance of the \"Boydville\" estate in\n         Martinsburg, built by Elisha Boyd and inherited by Charles\n         James Faulkner's wife. Boxes 45-46 contain additional records\n         concerning \"Boydville,\" particularly the acquisition of\n         adjoining lands and contracts with laborers and tenants; and\n         records of Charles James Faulkner's purchases and sales of\n         land in Frederick County, Va. (the \"Glengary\" farm obtained\n         from John Rogers Cooke in partnership with Philip Clayton\n         Pendleton), Berkeley County, and Martinsburg.","Charles James Faulkner's law practice comprises the largest\n         portion of his papers. Box 47 contains notes kept as a student\n         at the Winchester Law School, 1825-1826, and general\n         miscellany of his practice such as licences, accounts, notes\n         on law, etc. The papers involving actual litigation or other\n         services for clients are divided into several groups: by\n         court, into case files (records of four or more items,\n         including writs, summonses, proceedings, bills, notes, etc.,\n         relating to specific cases) and suit papers (three or less\n         items per lawsuit basically arranged chronologically); by\n         client (records of legal services provided over time not\n         necessarily involving litigation); And by estate (including\n         estate settlements in which Charles James Faulkner served as\n         court-appointed administrator and settlements involving\n         pension claims for service in the Revolutionary War). Box 65\n         contains records kept by Charles James Faulkner and Edmund\n         Pendleton as trustees for the Martinsburg mercantile firm of\n         Lauck \u0026 Stephen. Charles James Faulkner practiced chiefly\n         in the Berkeley County Court, Circuit Superior Court, and\n         Circuit Court; the Jefferson County Circuit Court; Morgan\n         County Circuit Court; and West Virginia Supreme Court of\n         Appeals. One interesting folder (Box 59) concerns Charles\n         James Faulkner's appearance as counsel for W. Va. in the U.S.\n         Supreme Court in an action by Virginia to recover the counties\n         of Berkeley and Jefferson in 1870.","Among the more important clients for whom Charles James\n         Faulkner maintained files were the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio\n         Railroad Company (see also correspondence with J. W. Garrett,\n         Louis McLane and Thomas Swann); Bank of the Valley in Virginia\n         (see also correspondence with Henry M. Brent, Hamilton G. Fant\n         and Charles Webb); and the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Md. A\n         complete list of case files, client files, and estate\n         settlements is filed in Box 47.","Charles James Faulkner entered politics early in his\n         career. The folders covering his first service in the Virginia\n         House of Delegates and State Senate include campaign\n         materials, speeches, resolutions and printed documents. While\n         serving in the House, Charles James Faulkner was appointed\n         commissioner to settle Virginia's boundary with Maryland. His\n         records of that mission include documents signed by William\n         Byrd II and reports Charles James Faulkner issued as\n         commissioner. His Whig party activities were wide ranging; his\n         papers contain materials from the 1840 and 1844 Whig\n         presidential campaigns in Virginia, an unsuccessful campaign\n         for Congress in 1843, and various political speeches (Box\n         69).","Charles James Faulkner entered Congress in 1851. His\n         congressional files contain campaign materials, election\n         certificates, records as chairman of the House Committee on\n         Military Affairs (he took particular interest in the armories\n         at Springfield, Mass., and Harpers Ferry, W. Va., and in\n         bolstering the U.S. Army), printed items and news clippings,\n         and a large file of miscellany (Box 70). While serving in\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner switched to the Democratic\n         party. He accepted the post of chairman of the National\n         Democratic Resident Committee in Washington, D.C., which was\n         charged with organizing \"grassroots\" support in the summer of\n         1856 for the election of James Buchanan as president (Boxes\n         71-72). The materials, arranged chronologically, include\n         circulars, committee correspondence and financial\n         accounts.","A grateful President Buchanan appointed Charles James\n         Faulkner Envoy Extraordinary to France in 1860 upon the death\n         of fellow Virginian John Young Mason. The records kept as\n         minister to France include correspondence (primarily letters\n         of introduction and American claims against French citizens,\n         but with some official dispatches), credentials, invitations,\n         biographical sketches of Charles James Faulkner (in French)\n         and news clippings (Box 73). Charles James Faulkner served a\n         full year, returned to Washington, and was arrested for\n         several months in 1861, in effect as a political prisoner held\n         for the exchange of a prominent northern congressman.","After his release, Charles James Faulkner remained\n         primarily in Virginia and served for a time on the staff of\n         Confederate General Thomas J. (\"Stonewall\") Jackson. A lengthy\n         broadside in the collection served to explain Charles James\n         Faulkner's activities in those years, but brought forth howls\n         of protest from former Confederates and pro-Union West\n         Virginians alike (Box 73).","With the close of the war, Charles James Faulkner struggled\n         to regain a position of standing in West Virginia politics. He\n         served in the 1872 Constitutional Convention as chairman of\n         the committees on the judiciary and on revision. Boxes 74-75\n         contain speeches, documents, resolutions, judiciary plans\n         (printed) and news clippings.","Charles James Faulkner returned to Congress in 1875. His\n         records contain election materials, materials concerning his\n         service on a three-man Committee to Investigate the Affairs of\n         the Red Cloud Indian Agency (July-November 1875), papers kept\n         as chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations,\n         petitions and applications, constituent requests, lists of\n         voters, clippings and miscellany. After his retirement from\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner unsuccessfully ran for the\n         U.S. Senate and the office of governor of West Virginia (Boxes\n         76-77).","The few remaining boxes cover Charles James Faulkner's\n         personal life and economic activities. He served as president\n         and chief counsel of the Martinsburg \u0026 Potomac Railroad\n         Co., president of the Berkeley County Agricultural \u0026\n         Mechanical Association, president of the West Virginia\n         Historical Society, and regent of the West Virginia University\n         at Morgantown (Box 78). Miscellany includes papers concerning\n         a former servant at \"Boydville,\" Mary McGuire; letters\n         concerning Charles James Faulkner's visit to Great Britain in\n         1846; schools and education (including addresses); news\n         clippings; freemason materials; and estate records.","Charles James Faulkner's wife, Mary Wagner (Boyd) Faulkner\n         (d. 1894) lived at \"Boydville\" most of her life. Her papers\n         include correspondence; an account book and loose accounts; a\n         commonplace book kept in France, 1860; records concerning a\n         claim against the U.S. government for damages at \"Boydville,\"\n         1863-1865; and personal miscellany (Box 81).","Elisha Boyd Faulkner (b. 1841) lawyer, W. Va. legislator\n         and judge, was the Faulkner's eldest son. He practiced law in\n         Hopkinsville, Ky., after the Civil War, but returned to\n         Martinsville in the 1870s to practice in partnership with his\n         younger brother. Box 82 contains his correspondence, a few\n         case files, and personal miscellany.","Charles James Faulkner (1847-1929) inherited \"Boydville\"\n         from his mother. He practiced law, served as a West Virginia\n         circuit judge, and entered the U.S. Senate in 1887. His\n         records as a senator (arranged chronologically) include\n         letters from constituents, petitioners, fellow Democrats and\n         senators concerning congressional activities and Democratic\n         politics; speeches and printed items; and news clippings\n         (Boxes 87-88).","Several small folders of papers concern Charles James\n         Faulkner's first wife, Sallie Winn (d.1891) of\n         Charlottesville, Va., her mother Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn\n         (1818-1869), and her brother John Winn (b. 1838?). Mrs.\n         Faulkner's sister, Elizabeth Garrett Winn (b. 1840?) lived in\n         Martinsburg for many years. She was a popular belle in\n         Charlottesville in the immediate postwar years, and later\n         became a teacher in West Virginia. Her papers include\n         correspondence, accounts, a commonplace book, ca.1867, records\n         of her teaching career, 1873-1880, at the Martinsburg Grammar\n         School, and personal miscellany (Boxes 90-93). Another sister,\n         Ellen Watson Winn (1842?-1893) cared for the children at\n         \"Boydville\" after Mrs. Faulkner's death. Papers of the second\n         Mrs. Faulkner, Virginia Fairfax Whiting (1867-1938), are\n         entirely financial in nature (Box 93).","Box 94 contains a few items each for Charles James\n         Faulkner's sisters and their husbands, and his children.\n         Miscellaneous Berkeley and Jefferson county records and some\n         unclassified miscellany round out the collection.","Lastly, volumes transferred to this collection in April\n         1986, including account books for James Faulkner (1779-1817),\n         Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), Andrew Waggener, Charles James\n         Faulkner (1806-1884), Lauck \u0026 Stephen, Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), Isaac S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Winchester, Va., Isaac\n         S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.), and Charles\n         James Faulkner (1847-1929) are filed on the open shelves at\n         the end of the collection.","Personal and mercantile account books, 1797,\n                  1806-1816; loose accounts, 1793-1816; notes and\n                  bonds.","Virginia militia and War of 1812; Martinsburg and\n                  Berkeley County records; William Mackey materials;\n                  estate materials.","Correspondence, 1798-1841; loose accounts,\n                  1798-1840; bonds and notes; flour milling, 1839-1840;\n                  land records.","Law practice.","Andrew Waggener; personal miscellany; estate;\n                  Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd; Andrew H. H. Boyd.","Account books; loose accounts, 1826-1884; bonds\n                  and notes.","Commonplace book, 1884; agent's records (John\n                  Weller); slaves; herds.","\"Boydville\" estate records; land records","Virginia legislative service; boundary\n                     commissioner; Whig Party papers.","Scrapbook of pamphlets; 1850-1851 Va. Convention;\n                  U.S. Congress, 1851-1859.","Democratic National Resident Committee, 1856.","West Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1872.","U.S. Congress, 1875-1877; miscellaneous West\n                  Virginia political activities.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad; Berkeley County\n                  Agricultural and Mechanical Assoc.; Berkeley County\n                  centennial; West Virginia Historical Society; West\n                  Virginia University.","Invitations; Mary McGuire; letters, 1846; Berkeley\n                  Co. and Martinsburg miscellany; education and church\n                  activities.","Speeches; freemasonry; newspaper clippings;\n                  personal miscellany; estate.","Correspondence, 1831-1876; account books and loose\n               accounts; 1847-1893; commonplace book, 1860; claims\n               against the U.S. government, 1863-1865; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1890; case files; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1902 (arranged\n                  alphabetically).","Account book; loose accounts, 1868-1897,\n                  1905-1915.","Law practice","U.S. Senate materials, 1887-1899 (arranged\n                  chronologically).","Personal miscellany; estate; Sallie (Winn)\n                  Faulkner; Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn; John Winn.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn correspondence,\n                  1865-1881.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn accounts, 1869-1881;\n                  commonplace book, ca.1867; teaching materials.","Ellen Watson Winn; Virginia Fairfax (Whiting)\n                  Faulkner.","Sisters and children of Charles James Faulkner,\n                  Jr.; miscellaneous county records; general\n                  miscellany.","Kept as an officer in the Berkeley Co., militia\n                     during the Whiskey Rebellion (some entries made by\n                     James Faulkner).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index); also\n                     served as cash book of Charles James Faulkner,\n                     1843-1848.","Personal accounts, wool and flour milling,\n                     \"Boydville\" harvesting, and estate (some entries\n                     made by Charles James Faulkner).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. (now W. Va.).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. [now. W. Va.].","Kept by Peter Moore (of Bourbon, Co., Ky.), in\n                     part as orderly book, 1780-1781, of the Western\n                     Battalion of Virginia State Forces at Albemarle\n                     Barracks, Va., Shepherdstown, Va. (now W. Va.),\n                     and Fredericktown (i.e. Frederick, Md., under\n                     command of Joseph Crockett (see also pension claim\n                     file of Peter Moore, Box 67).","Kept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)","Daybook, 1813-1815 (also Martinsburg,\n                  1817-1818)","Ledgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.","Concerns Faulkner and Faulkner, Martinsburg, W.\n                     Va., covering the law practice of Charles James\n                     Faulkner and Elisha Boyd Faulkner.","Contains newspaper clippings concerning Charles\n                     James Faulkner's career in the U.S. Senate."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eChiefly papers, 1826-1884, of\n         Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), consisting of\n         correspondence concerning his legal and political career;\n         records of his law practice, including materials concerning\n         the disagreement between Virginia and West Virginia over the\n         counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, and materials concerning\n         the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad Company; political files\n         relating to his activities in the Whig and Democratic parties\n         and including campaign materials for Virginia elections and\n         for the presidential election of 1856, papers relating to his\n         U.S. ambassadorship to France, 1859-1861, and materials\n         concerning the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of\n         1872; and miscellaneous items relating to the Martinsburg\n         \u0026amp; Potomac Railroad Company and the Berkeley County\n         Agricultural \u0026amp; Mechanical Association. Also includes\n         papers, 1866-1915, of Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1920),\n         consisting of correspondence, financial records, and legal\n         documents concerning his law practice and his service in the\n         U.S. Senate, 1887-1899; papers, 1793-1816, of Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), merchant James Faulkner (1776-1817), including\n         records of his service in the Virginia militia during the War\n         of 1812; papers of lawyer Elisha Boyd, including\n         correspondence with Richmond, Va., lawyer John Wickham; and\n         records of Boyd's father-in-law, merchant Andrew Waggener of\n         Berkeley County, Va. (now W. Va.).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Chiefly papers, 1826-1884, of\n         Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), consisting of\n         correspondence concerning his legal and political career;\n         records of his law practice, including materials concerning\n         the disagreement between Virginia and West Virginia over the\n         counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, and materials concerning\n         the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company; political files\n         relating to his activities in the Whig and Democratic parties\n         and including campaign materials for Virginia elections and\n         for the presidential election of 1856, papers relating to his\n         U.S. ambassadorship to France, 1859-1861, and materials\n         concerning the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of\n         1872; and miscellaneous items relating to the Martinsburg\n         \u0026 Potomac Railroad Company and the Berkeley County\n         Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical Association. Also includes\n         papers, 1866-1915, of Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1920),\n         consisting of correspondence, financial records, and legal\n         documents concerning his law practice and his service in the\n         U.S. Senate, 1887-1899; papers, 1793-1816, of Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), merchant James Faulkner (1776-1817), including\n         records of his service in the Virginia militia during the War\n         of 1812; papers of lawyer Elisha Boyd, including\n         correspondence with Richmond, Va., lawyer John Wickham; and\n         records of Boyd's father-in-law, merchant Andrew Waggener of\n         Berkeley County, Va. (now W. Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00012_c07_c04_c02"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Account books \n                     \n                     1817-1832","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLedgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook, 1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03"],"id":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00012","_root_":"vihi_vih00012","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c07","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00012_c07_c07","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00012","vihi_vih00012_c07","vihi_vih00012_c07_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00012","vihi_vih00012_c07","vihi_vih00012_c07_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Series 7: Volumes added in 1986. \n               \n               1792-1893","Subseries 7.7: Isaac S. Lauck and\n                  Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Series 7: Volumes added in 1986. \n               \n               1792-1893","Subseries 7.7: Isaac S. Lauck and\n                  Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.)"],"text":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Series 7: Volumes added in 1986. \n               \n               1792-1893","Subseries 7.7: Isaac S. Lauck and\n                  Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.)","Account books \n                     \n                     1817-1832","Ledgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832."],"title_filing_ssi":"Account books \n                      \n                     1817-1832","title_ssm":["Account books \n                     \n                     1817-1832"],"title_tesim":["Account books \n                     \n                     1817-1832"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Account books \n                     \n                     1817-1832"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":72,"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLedgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Ledgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#6/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00012","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00012","_root_":"vihi_vih00012","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00012","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00012.xml","title_ssm":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"title_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 F2735 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 F2735 a FA2","Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954","Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.","Berkeley County (W. Va.) -- History.","Berkeley County Agricultural and Mechanics\n         Association (Berkeley County, W. Va.)","Boyd, Elisha, 1769- 1841.","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-\n         1929.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884.","Faulkner, James, 1776-1817..","Jefferson County (W. Va.) -- History.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Lawyers -- West Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad\n         Company.","Merchants -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- West Virginia -- History --\n         19th century.","Practice of law -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th\n         century.","Waggener, Andrew, 1843-1813.","West Virginia. Constitutional Convention\n         (1872)","West Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Whig Party (U.S.)","Wickahm, John, 1763-1839.","12,000 (ca.) items.","Collection is open for research.","The Faulkner Family papers are arranged into six series by\n         individual and subseries by subject or document type where\n         necessary. A seventh series contains volumes added after the\n         initial processing was completed.","Alphabetical.","Arranged alphabetically.","Arranged alphabetically.","Of Berkeley County, W. Va. Represented in the collection\n         are James Faulkner (1776-1817), of Martinsburg, Va. (now W.\n         Va.), merchant; lawyer Elisha Boyd (1796-1841), a friend of\n         James Faulkner; lawyer Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), who\n         served in both houses of the Virginia legislature and in the\n         U.S. House of Representatives for both Virginia and West\n         Virginia; and Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1929) of\n         \"Boydville,\" Berkeley County, lawyer and West Virginia circuit\n         judge, and U.S. Senator, 1887-1899.","The Faulkner family papers cover three generations of one\n         of the most influential families in Berkeley County, West\n         Virginia. Merchants and lawyers in Martinsburg, the Faulkners\n         have traditionally taken an active part in the social,\n         economic, political and judicial affairs of their county, the\n         state of Virginia, and West Virginia, and the nation.","James Faulkner (1776-1817), an Irish immigrant, settled in\n         Martinsburg and in 1796 formed a partnership with merchant\n         Michael McKewan as James Faulkner \u0026 Co. The company\n         dissolved after two years, but James Faulkner continued to\n         trade under his own name. His personal and business\n         correspondence and financial records are mixed, however\n         separate folders cover both James Faulkner \u0026 Co. and James\n         Faulkner's later mercantile activities. Among James Faulkner's\n         correspondents are Mathew Carey, Dr. Richard McSherry of\n         Martinsburg, Virginia congressman James Stephenson, and Mason\n         Locke Weems; a letterbook, 1799-1800, kept by James Faulkner\n         also contains mercantile accounts, 1806-1807. The mercantile\n         folders include not only licences, legal notices and store\n         orders, but also records, 1795-1796, of John Tabb \u0026 Co. of\n         Martinsburg and materials concerning the same of lottery\n         tickets (especially for the Vaccine Institution Lottery in\n         Baltimore, Md.).","For many years James Faulkner served as an officer in the\n         Virginia Militia. By the opening of the War of 1812, he had\n         risen to the rank of major and commanded the Virginia\n         artillery at Fort Barbour in Norfolk and at the Battle of\n         Craney Island. His military records include early commissions,\n         materials concerning the Martinsburg Independent Blues, 3rd\n         Artillery Regiment, and must rolls and returns, an orderly\n         book, letters and other items concerning James Faulkner's\n         service in the War of 1812 (Box 9).","Also found among James Faulkner's papers are land records\n         concerning Martinsburg and Berkeley County; an account book,\n         1811-1820, kept in part by James Faulkner as president of the\n         Berkeley County Overseers of the Poor; an account and will of\n         James Faulkner's father-in-law William Mackey; and estate\n         materials, including an inventory, loose accounts, and records\n         concerning a monument to James Faulkner in Martinsburg.","Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), a contemporary and friend of James\n         Faulkner, and eventually father-in-law to James Faulkner's\n         son, Charles James Faulkner, was a prominent lawyer of\n         Martinsburg, involved in politics and local economic\n         development. His papers include correspondence, notably with\n         Richmond lawyer John Wickham, and with Charles James Faulkner\n         while both served in the Virginia legislature; land records in\n         Berkeley County and Martinsburg; and legal materials from\n         Elisha Boyd's law practice in the Berkeley County Court and\n         the Virginia Superior Count of Chancery at Winchester. Also,\n         Elisha Boyd's papers contain records of Andrew Waggener,\n         father of Elisha Boyd's first wife, including records,\n         1795-1800, of the mercantile firm of Waggener \u0026 Warner in\n         Berkeley County; records concerning Elisha Boyd's service as\n         commander of the 4th Regiment and 10th Brigade of Virginia\n         Militia; estate materials including a will, deed, notes, etc.;\n         and miscellany. There are also a few items for Elisha Boyd's\n         third wife, Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd, and his son, Rev.\n         Andrew Hunter Holmes Boyd.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Among Charles James Faulkner's other papers (for a full\n         list see guide) are records kept by John Weller, a fellow\n         attorney who acted as Charles James Faulkner's agent during\n         the latter's mission to France (see below). The records\n         primarily concern the maintenance of the \"Boydville\" estate in\n         Martinsburg, built by Elisha Boyd and inherited by Charles\n         James Faulkner's wife. Boxes 45-46 contain additional records\n         concerning \"Boydville,\" particularly the acquisition of\n         adjoining lands and contracts with laborers and tenants; and\n         records of Charles James Faulkner's purchases and sales of\n         land in Frederick County, Va. (the \"Glengary\" farm obtained\n         from John Rogers Cooke in partnership with Philip Clayton\n         Pendleton), Berkeley County, and Martinsburg.","Charles James Faulkner's law practice comprises the largest\n         portion of his papers. Box 47 contains notes kept as a student\n         at the Winchester Law School, 1825-1826, and general\n         miscellany of his practice such as licences, accounts, notes\n         on law, etc. The papers involving actual litigation or other\n         services for clients are divided into several groups: by\n         court, into case files (records of four or more items,\n         including writs, summonses, proceedings, bills, notes, etc.,\n         relating to specific cases) and suit papers (three or less\n         items per lawsuit basically arranged chronologically); by\n         client (records of legal services provided over time not\n         necessarily involving litigation); And by estate (including\n         estate settlements in which Charles James Faulkner served as\n         court-appointed administrator and settlements involving\n         pension claims for service in the Revolutionary War). Box 65\n         contains records kept by Charles James Faulkner and Edmund\n         Pendleton as trustees for the Martinsburg mercantile firm of\n         Lauck \u0026 Stephen. Charles James Faulkner practiced chiefly\n         in the Berkeley County Court, Circuit Superior Court, and\n         Circuit Court; the Jefferson County Circuit Court; Morgan\n         County Circuit Court; and West Virginia Supreme Court of\n         Appeals. One interesting folder (Box 59) concerns Charles\n         James Faulkner's appearance as counsel for W. Va. in the U.S.\n         Supreme Court in an action by Virginia to recover the counties\n         of Berkeley and Jefferson in 1870.","Among the more important clients for whom Charles James\n         Faulkner maintained files were the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio\n         Railroad Company (see also correspondence with J. W. Garrett,\n         Louis McLane and Thomas Swann); Bank of the Valley in Virginia\n         (see also correspondence with Henry M. Brent, Hamilton G. Fant\n         and Charles Webb); and the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Md. A\n         complete list of case files, client files, and estate\n         settlements is filed in Box 47.","Charles James Faulkner entered politics early in his\n         career. The folders covering his first service in the Virginia\n         House of Delegates and State Senate include campaign\n         materials, speeches, resolutions and printed documents. While\n         serving in the House, Charles James Faulkner was appointed\n         commissioner to settle Virginia's boundary with Maryland. His\n         records of that mission include documents signed by William\n         Byrd II and reports Charles James Faulkner issued as\n         commissioner. His Whig party activities were wide ranging; his\n         papers contain materials from the 1840 and 1844 Whig\n         presidential campaigns in Virginia, an unsuccessful campaign\n         for Congress in 1843, and various political speeches (Box\n         69).","Charles James Faulkner entered Congress in 1851. His\n         congressional files contain campaign materials, election\n         certificates, records as chairman of the House Committee on\n         Military Affairs (he took particular interest in the armories\n         at Springfield, Mass., and Harpers Ferry, W. Va., and in\n         bolstering the U.S. Army), printed items and news clippings,\n         and a large file of miscellany (Box 70). While serving in\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner switched to the Democratic\n         party. He accepted the post of chairman of the National\n         Democratic Resident Committee in Washington, D.C., which was\n         charged with organizing \"grassroots\" support in the summer of\n         1856 for the election of James Buchanan as president (Boxes\n         71-72). The materials, arranged chronologically, include\n         circulars, committee correspondence and financial\n         accounts.","A grateful President Buchanan appointed Charles James\n         Faulkner Envoy Extraordinary to France in 1860 upon the death\n         of fellow Virginian John Young Mason. The records kept as\n         minister to France include correspondence (primarily letters\n         of introduction and American claims against French citizens,\n         but with some official dispatches), credentials, invitations,\n         biographical sketches of Charles James Faulkner (in French)\n         and news clippings (Box 73). Charles James Faulkner served a\n         full year, returned to Washington, and was arrested for\n         several months in 1861, in effect as a political prisoner held\n         for the exchange of a prominent northern congressman.","After his release, Charles James Faulkner remained\n         primarily in Virginia and served for a time on the staff of\n         Confederate General Thomas J. (\"Stonewall\") Jackson. A lengthy\n         broadside in the collection served to explain Charles James\n         Faulkner's activities in those years, but brought forth howls\n         of protest from former Confederates and pro-Union West\n         Virginians alike (Box 73).","With the close of the war, Charles James Faulkner struggled\n         to regain a position of standing in West Virginia politics. He\n         served in the 1872 Constitutional Convention as chairman of\n         the committees on the judiciary and on revision. Boxes 74-75\n         contain speeches, documents, resolutions, judiciary plans\n         (printed) and news clippings.","Charles James Faulkner returned to Congress in 1875. His\n         records contain election materials, materials concerning his\n         service on a three-man Committee to Investigate the Affairs of\n         the Red Cloud Indian Agency (July-November 1875), papers kept\n         as chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations,\n         petitions and applications, constituent requests, lists of\n         voters, clippings and miscellany. After his retirement from\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner unsuccessfully ran for the\n         U.S. Senate and the office of governor of West Virginia (Boxes\n         76-77).","The few remaining boxes cover Charles James Faulkner's\n         personal life and economic activities. He served as president\n         and chief counsel of the Martinsburg \u0026 Potomac Railroad\n         Co., president of the Berkeley County Agricultural \u0026\n         Mechanical Association, president of the West Virginia\n         Historical Society, and regent of the West Virginia University\n         at Morgantown (Box 78). Miscellany includes papers concerning\n         a former servant at \"Boydville,\" Mary McGuire; letters\n         concerning Charles James Faulkner's visit to Great Britain in\n         1846; schools and education (including addresses); news\n         clippings; freemason materials; and estate records.","Charles James Faulkner's wife, Mary Wagner (Boyd) Faulkner\n         (d. 1894) lived at \"Boydville\" most of her life. Her papers\n         include correspondence; an account book and loose accounts; a\n         commonplace book kept in France, 1860; records concerning a\n         claim against the U.S. government for damages at \"Boydville,\"\n         1863-1865; and personal miscellany (Box 81).","Elisha Boyd Faulkner (b. 1841) lawyer, W. Va. legislator\n         and judge, was the Faulkner's eldest son. He practiced law in\n         Hopkinsville, Ky., after the Civil War, but returned to\n         Martinsville in the 1870s to practice in partnership with his\n         younger brother. Box 82 contains his correspondence, a few\n         case files, and personal miscellany.","Charles James Faulkner (1847-1929) inherited \"Boydville\"\n         from his mother. He practiced law, served as a West Virginia\n         circuit judge, and entered the U.S. Senate in 1887. His\n         records as a senator (arranged chronologically) include\n         letters from constituents, petitioners, fellow Democrats and\n         senators concerning congressional activities and Democratic\n         politics; speeches and printed items; and news clippings\n         (Boxes 87-88).","Several small folders of papers concern Charles James\n         Faulkner's first wife, Sallie Winn (d.1891) of\n         Charlottesville, Va., her mother Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn\n         (1818-1869), and her brother John Winn (b. 1838?). Mrs.\n         Faulkner's sister, Elizabeth Garrett Winn (b. 1840?) lived in\n         Martinsburg for many years. She was a popular belle in\n         Charlottesville in the immediate postwar years, and later\n         became a teacher in West Virginia. Her papers include\n         correspondence, accounts, a commonplace book, ca.1867, records\n         of her teaching career, 1873-1880, at the Martinsburg Grammar\n         School, and personal miscellany (Boxes 90-93). Another sister,\n         Ellen Watson Winn (1842?-1893) cared for the children at\n         \"Boydville\" after Mrs. Faulkner's death. Papers of the second\n         Mrs. Faulkner, Virginia Fairfax Whiting (1867-1938), are\n         entirely financial in nature (Box 93).","Box 94 contains a few items each for Charles James\n         Faulkner's sisters and their husbands, and his children.\n         Miscellaneous Berkeley and Jefferson county records and some\n         unclassified miscellany round out the collection.","Lastly, volumes transferred to this collection in April\n         1986, including account books for James Faulkner (1779-1817),\n         Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), Andrew Waggener, Charles James\n         Faulkner (1806-1884), Lauck \u0026 Stephen, Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), Isaac S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Winchester, Va., Isaac\n         S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.), and Charles\n         James Faulkner (1847-1929) are filed on the open shelves at\n         the end of the collection.","Personal and mercantile account books, 1797,\n                  1806-1816; loose accounts, 1793-1816; notes and\n                  bonds.","Virginia militia and War of 1812; Martinsburg and\n                  Berkeley County records; William Mackey materials;\n                  estate materials.","Correspondence, 1798-1841; loose accounts,\n                  1798-1840; bonds and notes; flour milling, 1839-1840;\n                  land records.","Law practice.","Andrew Waggener; personal miscellany; estate;\n                  Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd; Andrew H. H. Boyd.","Account books; loose accounts, 1826-1884; bonds\n                  and notes.","Commonplace book, 1884; agent's records (John\n                  Weller); slaves; herds.","\"Boydville\" estate records; land records","Virginia legislative service; boundary\n                     commissioner; Whig Party papers.","Scrapbook of pamphlets; 1850-1851 Va. Convention;\n                  U.S. Congress, 1851-1859.","Democratic National Resident Committee, 1856.","West Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1872.","U.S. Congress, 1875-1877; miscellaneous West\n                  Virginia political activities.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad; Berkeley County\n                  Agricultural and Mechanical Assoc.; Berkeley County\n                  centennial; West Virginia Historical Society; West\n                  Virginia University.","Invitations; Mary McGuire; letters, 1846; Berkeley\n                  Co. and Martinsburg miscellany; education and church\n                  activities.","Speeches; freemasonry; newspaper clippings;\n                  personal miscellany; estate.","Correspondence, 1831-1876; account books and loose\n               accounts; 1847-1893; commonplace book, 1860; claims\n               against the U.S. government, 1863-1865; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1890; case files; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1902 (arranged\n                  alphabetically).","Account book; loose accounts, 1868-1897,\n                  1905-1915.","Law practice","U.S. Senate materials, 1887-1899 (arranged\n                  chronologically).","Personal miscellany; estate; Sallie (Winn)\n                  Faulkner; Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn; John Winn.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn correspondence,\n                  1865-1881.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn accounts, 1869-1881;\n                  commonplace book, ca.1867; teaching materials.","Ellen Watson Winn; Virginia Fairfax (Whiting)\n                  Faulkner.","Sisters and children of Charles James Faulkner,\n                  Jr.; miscellaneous county records; general\n                  miscellany.","Kept as an officer in the Berkeley Co., militia\n                     during the Whiskey Rebellion (some entries made by\n                     James Faulkner).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index); also\n                     served as cash book of Charles James Faulkner,\n                     1843-1848.","Personal accounts, wool and flour milling,\n                     \"Boydville\" harvesting, and estate (some entries\n                     made by Charles James Faulkner).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. (now W. Va.).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. [now. W. Va.].","Kept by Peter Moore (of Bourbon, Co., Ky.), in\n                     part as orderly book, 1780-1781, of the Western\n                     Battalion of Virginia State Forces at Albemarle\n                     Barracks, Va., Shepherdstown, Va. (now W. Va.),\n                     and Fredericktown (i.e. Frederick, Md., under\n                     command of Joseph Crockett (see also pension claim\n                     file of Peter Moore, Box 67).","Kept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)","Daybook, 1813-1815 (also Martinsburg,\n                  1817-1818)","Ledgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.","Concerns Faulkner and Faulkner, Martinsburg, W.\n                     Va., covering the law practice of Charles James\n                     Faulkner and Elisha Boyd Faulkner.","Contains newspaper clippings concerning Charles\n                     James Faulkner's career in the U.S. Senate.","There are no restrictions.","Chiefly papers, 1826-1884, of\n         Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), consisting of\n         correspondence concerning his legal and political career;\n         records of his law practice, including materials concerning\n         the disagreement between Virginia and West Virginia over the\n         counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, and materials concerning\n         the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company; political files\n         relating to his activities in the Whig and Democratic parties\n         and including campaign materials for Virginia elections and\n         for the presidential election of 1856, papers relating to his\n         U.S. ambassadorship to France, 1859-1861, and materials\n         concerning the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of\n         1872; and miscellaneous items relating to the Martinsburg\n         \u0026 Potomac Railroad Company and the Berkeley County\n         Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical Association. Also includes\n         papers, 1866-1915, of Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1920),\n         consisting of correspondence, financial records, and legal\n         documents concerning his law practice and his service in the\n         U.S. Senate, 1887-1899; papers, 1793-1816, of Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), merchant James Faulkner (1776-1817), including\n         records of his service in the Virginia militia during the War\n         of 1812; papers of lawyer Elisha Boyd, including\n         correspondence with Richmond, Va., lawyer John Wickham; and\n         records of Boyd's father-in-law, merchant Andrew Waggener of\n         Berkeley County, Va. (now W. Va.).","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 F2735 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"collection_title_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"collection_ssim":["Faulkner Family Papers, \n         \n         1737-1954"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift/purchase of Dr. Thornton Tayloe Perry, Washington,\n            D.C., and Mrs. Barclay K. Read, McLean, Va., in 1984.\n            Formerly a part of the collections of Thornton Tayloe Perry\n            II of Charles Town, W. Va."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.","Berkeley County (W. Va.) -- History.","Berkeley County Agricultural and Mechanics\n         Association (Berkeley County, W. Va.)","Boyd, Elisha, 1769- 1841.","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-\n         1929.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884.","Faulkner, James, 1776-1817..","Jefferson County (W. Va.) -- History.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Lawyers -- West Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad\n         Company.","Merchants -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- West Virginia -- History --\n         19th century.","Practice of law -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th\n         century.","Waggener, Andrew, 1843-1813.","West Virginia. Constitutional Convention\n         (1872)","West Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Whig Party (U.S.)","Wickahm, John, 1763-1839."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.","Berkeley County (W. Va.) -- History.","Berkeley County Agricultural and Mechanics\n         Association (Berkeley County, W. Va.)","Boyd, Elisha, 1769- 1841.","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-\n         1929.","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884.","Faulkner, James, 1776-1817..","Jefferson County (W. Va.) -- History.","Lawyers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Lawyers -- West Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad\n         Company.","Merchants -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Political campaigns -- West Virginia -- History --\n         19th century.","Practice of law -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 19th\n         century.","Waggener, Andrew, 1843-1813.","West Virginia. Constitutional Convention\n         (1872)","West Virginia -- Politics and government --\n         1865-1900.","Whig Party (U.S.)","Wickahm, John, 1763-1839."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["12,000 (ca.) items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Faulkner Family papers are arranged into six series by\n         individual and subseries by subject or document type where\n         necessary. A seventh series contains volumes added after the\n         initial processing was completed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Faulkner Family papers are arranged into six series by\n         individual and subseries by subject or document type where\n         necessary. A seventh series contains volumes added after the\n         initial processing was completed.","Alphabetical.","Arranged alphabetically.","Arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOf Berkeley County, W. Va. Represented in the collection\n         are James Faulkner (1776-1817), of Martinsburg, Va. (now W.\n         Va.), merchant; lawyer Elisha Boyd (1796-1841), a friend of\n         James Faulkner; lawyer Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), who\n         served in both houses of the Virginia legislature and in the\n         U.S. House of Representatives for both Virginia and West\n         Virginia; and Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1929) of\n         \"Boydville,\" Berkeley County, lawyer and West Virginia circuit\n         judge, and U.S. Senator, 1887-1899.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Of Berkeley County, W. Va. Represented in the collection\n         are James Faulkner (1776-1817), of Martinsburg, Va. (now W.\n         Va.), merchant; lawyer Elisha Boyd (1796-1841), a friend of\n         James Faulkner; lawyer Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), who\n         served in both houses of the Virginia legislature and in the\n         U.S. House of Representatives for both Virginia and West\n         Virginia; and Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1929) of\n         \"Boydville,\" Berkeley County, lawyer and West Virginia circuit\n         judge, and U.S. Senator, 1887-1899."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFaulkner Family Papers, 1737-1954 (Mss1 F2735 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Faulkner Family Papers, 1737-1954 (Mss1 F2735 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Faulkner family papers cover three generations of one\n         of the most influential families in Berkeley County, West\n         Virginia. Merchants and lawyers in Martinsburg, the Faulkners\n         have traditionally taken an active part in the social,\n         economic, political and judicial affairs of their county, the\n         state of Virginia, and West Virginia, and the nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Faulkner (1776-1817), an Irish immigrant, settled in\n         Martinsburg and in 1796 formed a partnership with merchant\n         Michael McKewan as James Faulkner \u0026amp; Co. The company\n         dissolved after two years, but James Faulkner continued to\n         trade under his own name. His personal and business\n         correspondence and financial records are mixed, however\n         separate folders cover both James Faulkner \u0026amp; Co. and James\n         Faulkner's later mercantile activities. Among James Faulkner's\n         correspondents are Mathew Carey, Dr. Richard McSherry of\n         Martinsburg, Virginia congressman James Stephenson, and Mason\n         Locke Weems; a letterbook, 1799-1800, kept by James Faulkner\n         also contains mercantile accounts, 1806-1807. The mercantile\n         folders include not only licences, legal notices and store\n         orders, but also records, 1795-1796, of John Tabb \u0026amp; Co. of\n         Martinsburg and materials concerning the same of lottery\n         tickets (especially for the Vaccine Institution Lottery in\n         Baltimore, Md.).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor many years James Faulkner served as an officer in the\n         Virginia Militia. By the opening of the War of 1812, he had\n         risen to the rank of major and commanded the Virginia\n         artillery at Fort Barbour in Norfolk and at the Battle of\n         Craney Island. His military records include early commissions,\n         materials concerning the Martinsburg Independent Blues, 3rd\n         Artillery Regiment, and must rolls and returns, an orderly\n         book, letters and other items concerning James Faulkner's\n         service in the War of 1812 (Box 9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso found among James Faulkner's papers are land records\n         concerning Martinsburg and Berkeley County; an account book,\n         1811-1820, kept in part by James Faulkner as president of the\n         Berkeley County Overseers of the Poor; an account and will of\n         James Faulkner's father-in-law William Mackey; and estate\n         materials, including an inventory, loose accounts, and records\n         concerning a monument to James Faulkner in Martinsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElisha Boyd (1769-1841), a contemporary and friend of James\n         Faulkner, and eventually father-in-law to James Faulkner's\n         son, Charles James Faulkner, was a prominent lawyer of\n         Martinsburg, involved in politics and local economic\n         development. His papers include correspondence, notably with\n         Richmond lawyer John Wickham, and with Charles James Faulkner\n         while both served in the Virginia legislature; land records in\n         Berkeley County and Martinsburg; and legal materials from\n         Elisha Boyd's law practice in the Berkeley County Court and\n         the Virginia Superior Count of Chancery at Winchester. Also,\n         Elisha Boyd's papers contain records of Andrew Waggener,\n         father of Elisha Boyd's first wife, including records,\n         1795-1800, of the mercantile firm of Waggener \u0026amp; Warner in\n         Berkeley County; records concerning Elisha Boyd's service as\n         commander of the 4th Regiment and 10th Brigade of Virginia\n         Militia; estate materials including a will, deed, notes, etc.;\n         and miscellany. There are also a few items for Elisha Boyd's\n         third wife, Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd, and his son, Rev.\n         Andrew Hunter Holmes Boyd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong Charles James Faulkner's other papers (for a full\n         list see guide) are records kept by John Weller, a fellow\n         attorney who acted as Charles James Faulkner's agent during\n         the latter's mission to France (see below). The records\n         primarily concern the maintenance of the \"Boydville\" estate in\n         Martinsburg, built by Elisha Boyd and inherited by Charles\n         James Faulkner's wife. Boxes 45-46 contain additional records\n         concerning \"Boydville,\" particularly the acquisition of\n         adjoining lands and contracts with laborers and tenants; and\n         records of Charles James Faulkner's purchases and sales of\n         land in Frederick County, Va. (the \"Glengary\" farm obtained\n         from John Rogers Cooke in partnership with Philip Clayton\n         Pendleton), Berkeley County, and Martinsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner's law practice comprises the largest\n         portion of his papers. Box 47 contains notes kept as a student\n         at the Winchester Law School, 1825-1826, and general\n         miscellany of his practice such as licences, accounts, notes\n         on law, etc. The papers involving actual litigation or other\n         services for clients are divided into several groups: by\n         court, into case files (records of four or more items,\n         including writs, summonses, proceedings, bills, notes, etc.,\n         relating to specific cases) and suit papers (three or less\n         items per lawsuit basically arranged chronologically); by\n         client (records of legal services provided over time not\n         necessarily involving litigation); And by estate (including\n         estate settlements in which Charles James Faulkner served as\n         court-appointed administrator and settlements involving\n         pension claims for service in the Revolutionary War). Box 65\n         contains records kept by Charles James Faulkner and Edmund\n         Pendleton as trustees for the Martinsburg mercantile firm of\n         Lauck \u0026amp; Stephen. Charles James Faulkner practiced chiefly\n         in the Berkeley County Court, Circuit Superior Court, and\n         Circuit Court; the Jefferson County Circuit Court; Morgan\n         County Circuit Court; and West Virginia Supreme Court of\n         Appeals. One interesting folder (Box 59) concerns Charles\n         James Faulkner's appearance as counsel for W. Va. in the U.S.\n         Supreme Court in an action by Virginia to recover the counties\n         of Berkeley and Jefferson in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the more important clients for whom Charles James\n         Faulkner maintained files were the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio\n         Railroad Company (see also correspondence with J. W. Garrett,\n         Louis McLane and Thomas Swann); Bank of the Valley in Virginia\n         (see also correspondence with Henry M. Brent, Hamilton G. Fant\n         and Charles Webb); and the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Md. A\n         complete list of case files, client files, and estate\n         settlements is filed in Box 47.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner entered politics early in his\n         career. The folders covering his first service in the Virginia\n         House of Delegates and State Senate include campaign\n         materials, speeches, resolutions and printed documents. While\n         serving in the House, Charles James Faulkner was appointed\n         commissioner to settle Virginia's boundary with Maryland. His\n         records of that mission include documents signed by William\n         Byrd II and reports Charles James Faulkner issued as\n         commissioner. His Whig party activities were wide ranging; his\n         papers contain materials from the 1840 and 1844 Whig\n         presidential campaigns in Virginia, an unsuccessful campaign\n         for Congress in 1843, and various political speeches (Box\n         69).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner entered Congress in 1851. His\n         congressional files contain campaign materials, election\n         certificates, records as chairman of the House Committee on\n         Military Affairs (he took particular interest in the armories\n         at Springfield, Mass., and Harpers Ferry, W. Va., and in\n         bolstering the U.S. Army), printed items and news clippings,\n         and a large file of miscellany (Box 70). While serving in\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner switched to the Democratic\n         party. He accepted the post of chairman of the National\n         Democratic Resident Committee in Washington, D.C., which was\n         charged with organizing \"grassroots\" support in the summer of\n         1856 for the election of James Buchanan as president (Boxes\n         71-72). The materials, arranged chronologically, include\n         circulars, committee correspondence and financial\n         accounts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grateful President Buchanan appointed Charles James\n         Faulkner Envoy Extraordinary to France in 1860 upon the death\n         of fellow Virginian John Young Mason. The records kept as\n         minister to France include correspondence (primarily letters\n         of introduction and American claims against French citizens,\n         but with some official dispatches), credentials, invitations,\n         biographical sketches of Charles James Faulkner (in French)\n         and news clippings (Box 73). Charles James Faulkner served a\n         full year, returned to Washington, and was arrested for\n         several months in 1861, in effect as a political prisoner held\n         for the exchange of a prominent northern congressman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his release, Charles James Faulkner remained\n         primarily in Virginia and served for a time on the staff of\n         Confederate General Thomas J. (\"Stonewall\") Jackson. A lengthy\n         broadside in the collection served to explain Charles James\n         Faulkner's activities in those years, but brought forth howls\n         of protest from former Confederates and pro-Union West\n         Virginians alike (Box 73).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the close of the war, Charles James Faulkner struggled\n         to regain a position of standing in West Virginia politics. He\n         served in the 1872 Constitutional Convention as chairman of\n         the committees on the judiciary and on revision. Boxes 74-75\n         contain speeches, documents, resolutions, judiciary plans\n         (printed) and news clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner returned to Congress in 1875. His\n         records contain election materials, materials concerning his\n         service on a three-man Committee to Investigate the Affairs of\n         the Red Cloud Indian Agency (July-November 1875), papers kept\n         as chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations,\n         petitions and applications, constituent requests, lists of\n         voters, clippings and miscellany. After his retirement from\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner unsuccessfully ran for the\n         U.S. Senate and the office of governor of West Virginia (Boxes\n         76-77).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe few remaining boxes cover Charles James Faulkner's\n         personal life and economic activities. He served as president\n         and chief counsel of the Martinsburg \u0026amp; Potomac Railroad\n         Co., president of the Berkeley County Agricultural \u0026amp;\n         Mechanical Association, president of the West Virginia\n         Historical Society, and regent of the West Virginia University\n         at Morgantown (Box 78). Miscellany includes papers concerning\n         a former servant at \"Boydville,\" Mary McGuire; letters\n         concerning Charles James Faulkner's visit to Great Britain in\n         1846; schools and education (including addresses); news\n         clippings; freemason materials; and estate records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner's wife, Mary Wagner (Boyd) Faulkner\n         (d. 1894) lived at \"Boydville\" most of her life. Her papers\n         include correspondence; an account book and loose accounts; a\n         commonplace book kept in France, 1860; records concerning a\n         claim against the U.S. government for damages at \"Boydville,\"\n         1863-1865; and personal miscellany (Box 81).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElisha Boyd Faulkner (b. 1841) lawyer, W. Va. legislator\n         and judge, was the Faulkner's eldest son. He practiced law in\n         Hopkinsville, Ky., after the Civil War, but returned to\n         Martinsville in the 1870s to practice in partnership with his\n         younger brother. Box 82 contains his correspondence, a few\n         case files, and personal miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles James Faulkner (1847-1929) inherited \"Boydville\"\n         from his mother. He practiced law, served as a West Virginia\n         circuit judge, and entered the U.S. Senate in 1887. His\n         records as a senator (arranged chronologically) include\n         letters from constituents, petitioners, fellow Democrats and\n         senators concerning congressional activities and Democratic\n         politics; speeches and printed items; and news clippings\n         (Boxes 87-88).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral small folders of papers concern Charles James\n         Faulkner's first wife, Sallie Winn (d.1891) of\n         Charlottesville, Va., her mother Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn\n         (1818-1869), and her brother John Winn (b. 1838?). Mrs.\n         Faulkner's sister, Elizabeth Garrett Winn (b. 1840?) lived in\n         Martinsburg for many years. She was a popular belle in\n         Charlottesville in the immediate postwar years, and later\n         became a teacher in West Virginia. Her papers include\n         correspondence, accounts, a commonplace book, ca.1867, records\n         of her teaching career, 1873-1880, at the Martinsburg Grammar\n         School, and personal miscellany (Boxes 90-93). Another sister,\n         Ellen Watson Winn (1842?-1893) cared for the children at\n         \"Boydville\" after Mrs. Faulkner's death. Papers of the second\n         Mrs. Faulkner, Virginia Fairfax Whiting (1867-1938), are\n         entirely financial in nature (Box 93).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 94 contains a few items each for Charles James\n         Faulkner's sisters and their husbands, and his children.\n         Miscellaneous Berkeley and Jefferson county records and some\n         unclassified miscellany round out the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLastly, volumes transferred to this collection in April\n         1986, including account books for James Faulkner (1779-1817),\n         Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), Andrew Waggener, Charles James\n         Faulkner (1806-1884), Lauck \u0026amp; Stephen, Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), Isaac S. Lauck \u0026amp; Co., Winchester, Va., Isaac\n         S. Lauck \u0026amp; Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.), and Charles\n         James Faulkner (1847-1929) are filed on the open shelves at\n         the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal and mercantile account books, 1797,\n                  1806-1816; loose accounts, 1793-1816; notes and\n                  bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia militia and War of 1812; Martinsburg and\n                  Berkeley County records; William Mackey materials;\n                  estate materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1798-1841; loose accounts,\n                  1798-1840; bonds and notes; flour milling, 1839-1840;\n                  land records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrew Waggener; personal miscellany; estate;\n                  Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd; Andrew H. H. Boyd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books; loose accounts, 1826-1884; bonds\n                  and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonplace book, 1884; agent's records (John\n                  Weller); slaves; herds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Boydville\" estate records; land records\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia legislative service; boundary\n                     commissioner; Whig Party papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook of pamphlets; 1850-1851 Va. Convention;\n                  U.S. Congress, 1851-1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemocratic National Resident Committee, 1856.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Congress, 1875-1877; miscellaneous West\n                  Virginia political activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartinsburg and Potomac Railroad; Berkeley County\n                  Agricultural and Mechanical Assoc.; Berkeley County\n                  centennial; West Virginia Historical Society; West\n                  Virginia University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInvitations; Mary McGuire; letters, 1846; Berkeley\n                  Co. and Martinsburg miscellany; education and church\n                  activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches; freemasonry; newspaper clippings;\n                  personal miscellany; estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1831-1876; account books and loose\n               accounts; 1847-1893; commonplace book, 1860; claims\n               against the U.S. government, 1863-1865; personal\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1866-1890; case files; personal\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1866-1902 (arranged\n                  alphabetically).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book; loose accounts, 1868-1897,\n                  1905-1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw practice\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Senate materials, 1887-1899 (arranged\n                  chronologically).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal miscellany; estate; Sallie (Winn)\n                  Faulkner; Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn; John Winn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Garrett Winn correspondence,\n                  1865-1881.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Garrett Winn accounts, 1869-1881;\n                  commonplace book, ca.1867; teaching materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEllen Watson Winn; Virginia Fairfax (Whiting)\n                  Faulkner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSisters and children of Charles James Faulkner,\n                  Jr.; miscellaneous county records; general\n                  miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept as an officer in the Berkeley Co., militia\n                     during the Whiskey Rebellion (some entries made by\n                     James Faulkner).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index); also\n                     served as cash book of Charles James Faulkner,\n                     1843-1848.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal accounts, wool and flour milling,\n                     \"Boydville\" harvesting, and estate (some entries\n                     made by Charles James Faulkner).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. (now W. Va.).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. [now. W. Va.].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept by Peter Moore (of Bourbon, Co., Ky.), in\n                     part as orderly book, 1780-1781, of the Western\n                     Battalion of Virginia State Forces at Albemarle\n                     Barracks, Va., Shepherdstown, Va. (now W. Va.),\n                     and Fredericktown (i.e. Frederick, Md., under\n                     command of Joseph Crockett (see also pension claim\n                     file of Peter Moore, Box 67).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1813-1815 (also Martinsburg,\n                  1817-1818)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConcerns Faulkner and Faulkner, Martinsburg, W.\n                     Va., covering the law practice of Charles James\n                     Faulkner and Elisha Boyd Faulkner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains newspaper clippings concerning Charles\n                     James Faulkner's career in the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Faulkner family papers cover three generations of one\n         of the most influential families in Berkeley County, West\n         Virginia. Merchants and lawyers in Martinsburg, the Faulkners\n         have traditionally taken an active part in the social,\n         economic, political and judicial affairs of their county, the\n         state of Virginia, and West Virginia, and the nation.","James Faulkner (1776-1817), an Irish immigrant, settled in\n         Martinsburg and in 1796 formed a partnership with merchant\n         Michael McKewan as James Faulkner \u0026 Co. The company\n         dissolved after two years, but James Faulkner continued to\n         trade under his own name. His personal and business\n         correspondence and financial records are mixed, however\n         separate folders cover both James Faulkner \u0026 Co. and James\n         Faulkner's later mercantile activities. Among James Faulkner's\n         correspondents are Mathew Carey, Dr. Richard McSherry of\n         Martinsburg, Virginia congressman James Stephenson, and Mason\n         Locke Weems; a letterbook, 1799-1800, kept by James Faulkner\n         also contains mercantile accounts, 1806-1807. The mercantile\n         folders include not only licences, legal notices and store\n         orders, but also records, 1795-1796, of John Tabb \u0026 Co. of\n         Martinsburg and materials concerning the same of lottery\n         tickets (especially for the Vaccine Institution Lottery in\n         Baltimore, Md.).","For many years James Faulkner served as an officer in the\n         Virginia Militia. By the opening of the War of 1812, he had\n         risen to the rank of major and commanded the Virginia\n         artillery at Fort Barbour in Norfolk and at the Battle of\n         Craney Island. His military records include early commissions,\n         materials concerning the Martinsburg Independent Blues, 3rd\n         Artillery Regiment, and must rolls and returns, an orderly\n         book, letters and other items concerning James Faulkner's\n         service in the War of 1812 (Box 9).","Also found among James Faulkner's papers are land records\n         concerning Martinsburg and Berkeley County; an account book,\n         1811-1820, kept in part by James Faulkner as president of the\n         Berkeley County Overseers of the Poor; an account and will of\n         James Faulkner's father-in-law William Mackey; and estate\n         materials, including an inventory, loose accounts, and records\n         concerning a monument to James Faulkner in Martinsburg.","Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), a contemporary and friend of James\n         Faulkner, and eventually father-in-law to James Faulkner's\n         son, Charles James Faulkner, was a prominent lawyer of\n         Martinsburg, involved in politics and local economic\n         development. His papers include correspondence, notably with\n         Richmond lawyer John Wickham, and with Charles James Faulkner\n         while both served in the Virginia legislature; land records in\n         Berkeley County and Martinsburg; and legal materials from\n         Elisha Boyd's law practice in the Berkeley County Court and\n         the Virginia Superior Count of Chancery at Winchester. Also,\n         Elisha Boyd's papers contain records of Andrew Waggener,\n         father of Elisha Boyd's first wife, including records,\n         1795-1800, of the mercantile firm of Waggener \u0026 Warner in\n         Berkeley County; records concerning Elisha Boyd's service as\n         commander of the 4th Regiment and 10th Brigade of Virginia\n         Militia; estate materials including a will, deed, notes, etc.;\n         and miscellany. There are also a few items for Elisha Boyd's\n         third wife, Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd, and his son, Rev.\n         Andrew Hunter Holmes Boyd.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) is certainly the key\n         figure in this collection. There is some internal evidence\n         that Charles James Faulkner was born \"James F. Faulkner\" (see\n         James Faulkner's accounts, especially 1815, inventory of\n         estate, and the will of William Mackey), but changed his name\n         sometime before 1825. He attended Georgetown College and then\n         read law at the prestigious school of Henry St. George Tucker\n         at Winchester. He began to practice in Martinsburg about 1827.\n         He entered politics shortly thereafter and remained active\n         throughout the rest of his life, as the following paragraphs\n         will indicate.","Among Charles James Faulkner's other papers (for a full\n         list see guide) are records kept by John Weller, a fellow\n         attorney who acted as Charles James Faulkner's agent during\n         the latter's mission to France (see below). The records\n         primarily concern the maintenance of the \"Boydville\" estate in\n         Martinsburg, built by Elisha Boyd and inherited by Charles\n         James Faulkner's wife. Boxes 45-46 contain additional records\n         concerning \"Boydville,\" particularly the acquisition of\n         adjoining lands and contracts with laborers and tenants; and\n         records of Charles James Faulkner's purchases and sales of\n         land in Frederick County, Va. (the \"Glengary\" farm obtained\n         from John Rogers Cooke in partnership with Philip Clayton\n         Pendleton), Berkeley County, and Martinsburg.","Charles James Faulkner's law practice comprises the largest\n         portion of his papers. Box 47 contains notes kept as a student\n         at the Winchester Law School, 1825-1826, and general\n         miscellany of his practice such as licences, accounts, notes\n         on law, etc. The papers involving actual litigation or other\n         services for clients are divided into several groups: by\n         court, into case files (records of four or more items,\n         including writs, summonses, proceedings, bills, notes, etc.,\n         relating to specific cases) and suit papers (three or less\n         items per lawsuit basically arranged chronologically); by\n         client (records of legal services provided over time not\n         necessarily involving litigation); And by estate (including\n         estate settlements in which Charles James Faulkner served as\n         court-appointed administrator and settlements involving\n         pension claims for service in the Revolutionary War). Box 65\n         contains records kept by Charles James Faulkner and Edmund\n         Pendleton as trustees for the Martinsburg mercantile firm of\n         Lauck \u0026 Stephen. Charles James Faulkner practiced chiefly\n         in the Berkeley County Court, Circuit Superior Court, and\n         Circuit Court; the Jefferson County Circuit Court; Morgan\n         County Circuit Court; and West Virginia Supreme Court of\n         Appeals. One interesting folder (Box 59) concerns Charles\n         James Faulkner's appearance as counsel for W. Va. in the U.S.\n         Supreme Court in an action by Virginia to recover the counties\n         of Berkeley and Jefferson in 1870.","Among the more important clients for whom Charles James\n         Faulkner maintained files were the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio\n         Railroad Company (see also correspondence with J. W. Garrett,\n         Louis McLane and Thomas Swann); Bank of the Valley in Virginia\n         (see also correspondence with Henry M. Brent, Hamilton G. Fant\n         and Charles Webb); and the Hagerstown Bank, Hagerstown, Md. A\n         complete list of case files, client files, and estate\n         settlements is filed in Box 47.","Charles James Faulkner entered politics early in his\n         career. The folders covering his first service in the Virginia\n         House of Delegates and State Senate include campaign\n         materials, speeches, resolutions and printed documents. While\n         serving in the House, Charles James Faulkner was appointed\n         commissioner to settle Virginia's boundary with Maryland. His\n         records of that mission include documents signed by William\n         Byrd II and reports Charles James Faulkner issued as\n         commissioner. His Whig party activities were wide ranging; his\n         papers contain materials from the 1840 and 1844 Whig\n         presidential campaigns in Virginia, an unsuccessful campaign\n         for Congress in 1843, and various political speeches (Box\n         69).","Charles James Faulkner entered Congress in 1851. His\n         congressional files contain campaign materials, election\n         certificates, records as chairman of the House Committee on\n         Military Affairs (he took particular interest in the armories\n         at Springfield, Mass., and Harpers Ferry, W. Va., and in\n         bolstering the U.S. Army), printed items and news clippings,\n         and a large file of miscellany (Box 70). While serving in\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner switched to the Democratic\n         party. He accepted the post of chairman of the National\n         Democratic Resident Committee in Washington, D.C., which was\n         charged with organizing \"grassroots\" support in the summer of\n         1856 for the election of James Buchanan as president (Boxes\n         71-72). The materials, arranged chronologically, include\n         circulars, committee correspondence and financial\n         accounts.","A grateful President Buchanan appointed Charles James\n         Faulkner Envoy Extraordinary to France in 1860 upon the death\n         of fellow Virginian John Young Mason. The records kept as\n         minister to France include correspondence (primarily letters\n         of introduction and American claims against French citizens,\n         but with some official dispatches), credentials, invitations,\n         biographical sketches of Charles James Faulkner (in French)\n         and news clippings (Box 73). Charles James Faulkner served a\n         full year, returned to Washington, and was arrested for\n         several months in 1861, in effect as a political prisoner held\n         for the exchange of a prominent northern congressman.","After his release, Charles James Faulkner remained\n         primarily in Virginia and served for a time on the staff of\n         Confederate General Thomas J. (\"Stonewall\") Jackson. A lengthy\n         broadside in the collection served to explain Charles James\n         Faulkner's activities in those years, but brought forth howls\n         of protest from former Confederates and pro-Union West\n         Virginians alike (Box 73).","With the close of the war, Charles James Faulkner struggled\n         to regain a position of standing in West Virginia politics. He\n         served in the 1872 Constitutional Convention as chairman of\n         the committees on the judiciary and on revision. Boxes 74-75\n         contain speeches, documents, resolutions, judiciary plans\n         (printed) and news clippings.","Charles James Faulkner returned to Congress in 1875. His\n         records contain election materials, materials concerning his\n         service on a three-man Committee to Investigate the Affairs of\n         the Red Cloud Indian Agency (July-November 1875), papers kept\n         as chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations,\n         petitions and applications, constituent requests, lists of\n         voters, clippings and miscellany. After his retirement from\n         Congress, Charles James Faulkner unsuccessfully ran for the\n         U.S. Senate and the office of governor of West Virginia (Boxes\n         76-77).","The few remaining boxes cover Charles James Faulkner's\n         personal life and economic activities. He served as president\n         and chief counsel of the Martinsburg \u0026 Potomac Railroad\n         Co., president of the Berkeley County Agricultural \u0026\n         Mechanical Association, president of the West Virginia\n         Historical Society, and regent of the West Virginia University\n         at Morgantown (Box 78). Miscellany includes papers concerning\n         a former servant at \"Boydville,\" Mary McGuire; letters\n         concerning Charles James Faulkner's visit to Great Britain in\n         1846; schools and education (including addresses); news\n         clippings; freemason materials; and estate records.","Charles James Faulkner's wife, Mary Wagner (Boyd) Faulkner\n         (d. 1894) lived at \"Boydville\" most of her life. Her papers\n         include correspondence; an account book and loose accounts; a\n         commonplace book kept in France, 1860; records concerning a\n         claim against the U.S. government for damages at \"Boydville,\"\n         1863-1865; and personal miscellany (Box 81).","Elisha Boyd Faulkner (b. 1841) lawyer, W. Va. legislator\n         and judge, was the Faulkner's eldest son. He practiced law in\n         Hopkinsville, Ky., after the Civil War, but returned to\n         Martinsville in the 1870s to practice in partnership with his\n         younger brother. Box 82 contains his correspondence, a few\n         case files, and personal miscellany.","Charles James Faulkner (1847-1929) inherited \"Boydville\"\n         from his mother. He practiced law, served as a West Virginia\n         circuit judge, and entered the U.S. Senate in 1887. His\n         records as a senator (arranged chronologically) include\n         letters from constituents, petitioners, fellow Democrats and\n         senators concerning congressional activities and Democratic\n         politics; speeches and printed items; and news clippings\n         (Boxes 87-88).","Several small folders of papers concern Charles James\n         Faulkner's first wife, Sallie Winn (d.1891) of\n         Charlottesville, Va., her mother Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn\n         (1818-1869), and her brother John Winn (b. 1838?). Mrs.\n         Faulkner's sister, Elizabeth Garrett Winn (b. 1840?) lived in\n         Martinsburg for many years. She was a popular belle in\n         Charlottesville in the immediate postwar years, and later\n         became a teacher in West Virginia. Her papers include\n         correspondence, accounts, a commonplace book, ca.1867, records\n         of her teaching career, 1873-1880, at the Martinsburg Grammar\n         School, and personal miscellany (Boxes 90-93). Another sister,\n         Ellen Watson Winn (1842?-1893) cared for the children at\n         \"Boydville\" after Mrs. Faulkner's death. Papers of the second\n         Mrs. Faulkner, Virginia Fairfax Whiting (1867-1938), are\n         entirely financial in nature (Box 93).","Box 94 contains a few items each for Charles James\n         Faulkner's sisters and their husbands, and his children.\n         Miscellaneous Berkeley and Jefferson county records and some\n         unclassified miscellany round out the collection.","Lastly, volumes transferred to this collection in April\n         1986, including account books for James Faulkner (1779-1817),\n         Elisha Boyd (1769-1841), Andrew Waggener, Charles James\n         Faulkner (1806-1884), Lauck \u0026 Stephen, Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), Isaac S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Winchester, Va., Isaac\n         S. Lauck \u0026 Co., Martinsburg, Va. (now W. Va.), and Charles\n         James Faulkner (1847-1929) are filed on the open shelves at\n         the end of the collection.","Personal and mercantile account books, 1797,\n                  1806-1816; loose accounts, 1793-1816; notes and\n                  bonds.","Virginia militia and War of 1812; Martinsburg and\n                  Berkeley County records; William Mackey materials;\n                  estate materials.","Correspondence, 1798-1841; loose accounts,\n                  1798-1840; bonds and notes; flour milling, 1839-1840;\n                  land records.","Law practice.","Andrew Waggener; personal miscellany; estate;\n                  Elizabeth Hill (Byrd) Boyd; Andrew H. H. Boyd.","Account books; loose accounts, 1826-1884; bonds\n                  and notes.","Commonplace book, 1884; agent's records (John\n                  Weller); slaves; herds.","\"Boydville\" estate records; land records","Virginia legislative service; boundary\n                     commissioner; Whig Party papers.","Scrapbook of pamphlets; 1850-1851 Va. Convention;\n                  U.S. Congress, 1851-1859.","Democratic National Resident Committee, 1856.","West Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1872.","U.S. Congress, 1875-1877; miscellaneous West\n                  Virginia political activities.","Martinsburg and Potomac Railroad; Berkeley County\n                  Agricultural and Mechanical Assoc.; Berkeley County\n                  centennial; West Virginia Historical Society; West\n                  Virginia University.","Invitations; Mary McGuire; letters, 1846; Berkeley\n                  Co. and Martinsburg miscellany; education and church\n                  activities.","Speeches; freemasonry; newspaper clippings;\n                  personal miscellany; estate.","Correspondence, 1831-1876; account books and loose\n               accounts; 1847-1893; commonplace book, 1860; claims\n               against the U.S. government, 1863-1865; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1890; case files; personal\n               miscellany.","Correspondence, 1866-1902 (arranged\n                  alphabetically).","Account book; loose accounts, 1868-1897,\n                  1905-1915.","Law practice","U.S. Senate materials, 1887-1899 (arranged\n                  chronologically).","Personal miscellany; estate; Sallie (Winn)\n                  Faulkner; Mary Jane (Garrett) Winn; John Winn.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn correspondence,\n                  1865-1881.","Elizabeth Garrett Winn accounts, 1869-1881;\n                  commonplace book, ca.1867; teaching materials.","Ellen Watson Winn; Virginia Fairfax (Whiting)\n                  Faulkner.","Sisters and children of Charles James Faulkner,\n                  Jr.; miscellaneous county records; general\n                  miscellany.","Kept as an officer in the Berkeley Co., militia\n                     during the Whiskey Rebellion (some entries made by\n                     James Faulkner).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index).","Kept while practicing law in Berkeley and\n                     surrounding counties (with separate index); also\n                     served as cash book of Charles James Faulkner,\n                     1843-1848.","Personal accounts, wool and flour milling,\n                     \"Boydville\" harvesting, and estate (some entries\n                     made by Charles James Faulkner).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. (now W. Va.).","Concerns Waggener and Warner, Mill Creek,\n                     Berkeley Co., Va. [now. W. Va.].","Kept by Peter Moore (of Bourbon, Co., Ky.), in\n                     part as orderly book, 1780-1781, of the Western\n                     Battalion of Virginia State Forces at Albemarle\n                     Barracks, Va., Shepherdstown, Va. (now W. Va.),\n                     and Fredericktown (i.e. Frederick, Md., under\n                     command of Joseph Crockett (see also pension claim\n                     file of Peter Moore, Box 67).","Kept as American minster to France (also,\n                     includes diary, 1861 August 12-16, during\n                     imprisonment at Washington, D. C., and cash book,\n                     1865-1877)","Daybook, 1813-1815 (also Martinsburg,\n                  1817-1818)","Ledgers, 1817-1819, 1820-1823, 1822-1823 (also\n                     bears daybook, 1824-1826), 1823-1825 (cooper's\n                     accounts), 1825-1826 (also bears daybook,\n                     1826-1827; with separate index), 1825-1832.","Concerns Faulkner and Faulkner, Martinsburg, W.\n                     Va., covering the law practice of Charles James\n                     Faulkner and Elisha Boyd Faulkner.","Contains newspaper clippings concerning Charles\n                     James Faulkner's career in the U.S. Senate."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eChiefly papers, 1826-1884, of\n         Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), consisting of\n         correspondence concerning his legal and political career;\n         records of his law practice, including materials concerning\n         the disagreement between Virginia and West Virginia over the\n         counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, and materials concerning\n         the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad Company; political files\n         relating to his activities in the Whig and Democratic parties\n         and including campaign materials for Virginia elections and\n         for the presidential election of 1856, papers relating to his\n         U.S. ambassadorship to France, 1859-1861, and materials\n         concerning the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of\n         1872; and miscellaneous items relating to the Martinsburg\n         \u0026amp; Potomac Railroad Company and the Berkeley County\n         Agricultural \u0026amp; Mechanical Association. Also includes\n         papers, 1866-1915, of Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1920),\n         consisting of correspondence, financial records, and legal\n         documents concerning his law practice and his service in the\n         U.S. Senate, 1887-1899; papers, 1793-1816, of Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), merchant James Faulkner (1776-1817), including\n         records of his service in the Virginia militia during the War\n         of 1812; papers of lawyer Elisha Boyd, including\n         correspondence with Richmond, Va., lawyer John Wickham; and\n         records of Boyd's father-in-law, merchant Andrew Waggener of\n         Berkeley County, Va. (now W. Va.).\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Chiefly papers, 1826-1884, of\n         Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884), consisting of\n         correspondence concerning his legal and political career;\n         records of his law practice, including materials concerning\n         the disagreement between Virginia and West Virginia over the\n         counties of Berkeley and Jefferson, and materials concerning\n         the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio Railroad Company; political files\n         relating to his activities in the Whig and Democratic parties\n         and including campaign materials for Virginia elections and\n         for the presidential election of 1856, papers relating to his\n         U.S. ambassadorship to France, 1859-1861, and materials\n         concerning the West Virginia Constitutional Convention of\n         1872; and miscellaneous items relating to the Martinsburg\n         \u0026 Potomac Railroad Company and the Berkeley County\n         Agricultural \u0026 Mechanical Association. Also includes\n         papers, 1866-1915, of Charles James Faulkner, Jr. (1847-1920),\n         consisting of correspondence, financial records, and legal\n         documents concerning his law practice and his service in the\n         U.S. Senate, 1887-1899; papers, 1793-1816, of Martinsburg, Va.\n         (now W. Va.), merchant James Faulkner (1776-1817), including\n         records of his service in the Virginia militia during the War\n         of 1812; papers of lawyer Elisha Boyd, including\n         correspondence with Richmond, Va., lawyer John Wickham; and\n         records of Boyd's father-in-law, merchant Andrew Waggener of\n         Berkeley County, Va. (now W. Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":75,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00012_c07_c07_c03"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00007_c02_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Account books, \n                  1825-1838, 1838-1868,\n                  1870-1875","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00007_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00007_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00007_c02_c03"],"id":"vihi_vih00007_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00007","_root_":"vihi_vih00007","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00007_c02","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00007_c02","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00007","vihi_vih00007_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00007","vihi_vih00007_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Series 2: William Gwathmey\n               (1794-1875), \"Burlington,\" King William County,\n               Va."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Series 2: William Gwathmey\n               (1794-1875), \"Burlington,\" King William County,\n               Va."],"text":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Series 2: William Gwathmey\n               (1794-1875), \"Burlington,\" King William County,\n               Va.","Account books, \n                  1825-1838, 1838-1868,\n                  1870-1875","(3 v.)","Box 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Account books, \n                   1825-1838, 1838-1868,\n                  1870-1875","title_ssm":["Account books, \n                  1825-1838, 1838-1868,\n                  1870-1875"],"title_tesim":["Account books, \n                  1825-1838, 1838-1868,\n                  1870-1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Account books, \n                  1825-1838, 1838-1868,\n                  1870-1875"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"physdesc_tesim":["(3 v.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":5,"containers_ssim":["Box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00007","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00007","_root_":"vihi_vih00007","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00007","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00007.xml","title_ssm":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"title_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 G9957 c FA2"],"text":["Mss1 G9957 c FA2","Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Agriculture","Baptists","Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation","Gwathmey family","Plantation life","Slavery","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal\n         narratives, Confederate","10,000 (ca.) items.","Collection is open for use.","Arranged into fifteen sections by creator.","This collection represents four generations of this\n         prominent King William County family. From their family seat\n         at \"Burlington,\" the Gwathmey's were active in the political,\n         social, and religious life of the county for more than two\n         centuries.","Joseph Hardin Gwathmey and his wife, Jeannette Garnett\n         (Ryland) Gwathmey, had five children, three of whom, John\n         Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), Anna Garnett Gwathmey\n         (1879-1979), and Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883- 1974), are\n         prominent in this collection.","With the exception of the years he spent at Virginia\n         Polytechnic Institute (Now Virginia Polytechnic University and\n         State University), John Ryland Gwathmey spent his entire life\n         at \"Burlington.\" John Ryland Gwathmey supervised farming and\n         timber operations on the family estate and appraised real\n         estate in King William and nearby counties. He was also a\n         member of the county board of supervisors and of Beulah\n         Baptist Church.","The collection begins with the papers of Joseph Gwathmey,\n         (1758-1824), a planter, major in the state militia, and deacon\n         of the Beulah Baptist Church. These records consist of an\n         account book, loose accounts, and estate materials. Major\n         Gwathmey's account book also contains records of his\n         children's births and lists of horses. Most of his papers,\n         however, concern his estate and include the records of\n         executors, Richard Gwathmey (1789-1866), John Hill Gwathmey\n         (1798-1839), and William Gwathmey (1794-1875). Two accounts\n         books contain copies of Joseph Gwathmey's will, inventories,\n         appraisals, and accounts and expenses. Loose estate materials\n         include accounts, inventories, an indenture selling land to\n         Nathaniel Boush Hill, and an 1836 appraisal of slaves.","The papers of William Gwathmey are found in boxes 2-7.\n         William Gwathmey inherited \"Wakefield,\" but moved to\n         \"Burlington\" upon the death of his brother, John Hill\n         Gwathmey, in 1839. A planter and physician, Gwathmey was also\n         a trustee of the Beulah Baptist Church.","Dr. Gwathmey's papers begin with a diary of his journey to\n         St. Augustine, Florida, with his wife and sister-in-law,\n         Hardinia M. Burnley, from 1833 to 1834. Other diaries follow;\n         a complete list of these appears in the guide that follows\n         this description. The diaries, many of which are kept in\n         copies of Richardson's Almanac, mostly concern weather\n         conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physicians's visits, and church activities. The pages of an\n         1837 diary describe a trip to New Orleans and southwest\n         Louisiana. Entries in the 1852 diary concern a medical\n         conference in Richmond (Apr. 28, May 5) and the presidential\n         election of that year (Nov. 9). The 1859 diary describes\n         hiring day in Ayletts (Jan. 1) and election day (May 26).","Diaries from the Civil War years not only provide\n         Gwathmey's views on the war, but also document local events.\n         Several 1863 entries describe the appearance of Northern units\n         in King William (January 8 and June 5), as well as the baptism\n         of slaves at Beulah (Sept. 6). Entries for 1864 describe the\n         arrival of Union troops at Ayletts (Mar. 1-2), the doctoring\n         of wounded soldiers, and the occupation of \"Burlington\" (May\n         22- 29). Several 1866 entries concern Reconstruction (Feb. 27,\n         May 31, June 12-18). These last entries concern formal charges\n         bought against a neighbor for mistreating a former slave.","Boxes 3-5 contain the correspondence of William Gwathmey.\n         Most of this consists of letters from family members,\n         including Joseph Robert Garlick, Frances Fielding (Lewis)\n         Gwathmey, Lucy Ann (Garlick) Gwathmey, Richard Gwathmey,\n         Washington Gwathmey, and William Henry Gwathmey. Many of these\n         letters concern the activities of Beulah Church. Significant\n         correspondence incudes the letters of Gwathmey's\n         brother-in-law, Edwin Burnley, who apparently deserted his\n         wife and went to Mississippi. These letters document his\n         divorce and attempts to transfer slaves to his new home. The\n         letters of another brother-in-law, Dr. Thomas Meaux, concern\n         medicine and phyhsicians. Thomas Witt Haynes writes concerning\n         WG's son Richard Brooke Gwathmeyh, who served in the 9th\n         Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Letters with Alexander\n         Fleet pertain to Gwathmey's brief service in the Ware of 1812,\n         for which WG was applying for a pension. An 1865 letter from\n         richard Gwathmey describes the Richmond fire, while an 1837\n         letter describes a trip to Chicago, Ill.","Three accounts books follow. The first two are indexed and\n         primarily consist of accounts with patients, but they also\n         include records of family births, servant births, lists of\n         livestock, and accounts with the estate of Joseph Gwathmey.\n         The second account book also contains accounts, 1875-1895, of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey. The third account book, 1870-1875,\n         contains contracts and accounts with farm hands.","Loose accounts begin in box 7. These are followed by deeds\n         and bonds, most of which concern land, but which also include\n         an indenture to a former slave, Sylvia Hill, granting her\n         ownership of her house. Beulah Baptist Church records consist\n         of lists of subscriptions, a commonplace book, eulogies for\n         Hardin Burnley (1804?-1869), John William Garlick\n         (1823?-1866), Edward Hill (d. 1870) and James Trice.\n         Miscellaneous materials include photocopies concerning\n         Gwathmey's 1812 service and a pass, 1864, signed by James\n         Alexander Seddon (1815-1880).","The correspondence of Elizabeth Theresa (Burnley) Gwathmey\n         (1806-1879), wife of William Gwathmey, consists mostly of\n         letters written by her children. Among those are the letters\n         of Mary Atwood Gwathmey, which describe her visit to cousins\n         in Mississippi in 1856 and 1857.","The collection contains materials of seven of William and\n         Elizabeth (Burnley) Gwathmey's children. The papers of Richard\n         Brooke Gwathmey (1838-1864), a soldier in the 9th Virginia\n         Cavalry during the Civil War, and William Gwathmey (1840-1858)\n         are located in box 8. Also in box 8 are several diaries of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1846-1918), who inherited \"Burlington\"\n         upon the death of his father in 1875. Gwathmey, an agent for\n         the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, also served as\n         superintendent of King William County Schools.","Gwathmey's general correspondence is mostly with friends\n         and family members, but also includes a letter signed by\n         Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1881-1944), as Assistant Secretary\n         of the Navy, thanking Gwathmey for the loan of his binoculars\n         to the U. S. Navy during the First World War. Account books\n         concern farming operations and include accounts with far\n         laborers. Loose accounts include receipts from the King\n         William County Grange. Records concerning Gwathmey's\n         superintendency of King William schools consist mostly of\n         certificates, but also include a statistical report, ca. 1905,\n         detailing conditions in the system.","The papers of Jeannette Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey\n         (1847-1915), wife of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, consist of\n         diaries, memoranda and scrapbooks, correspondence, and\n         miscellany. The diaries mostly concern the weather and her\n         church activities, but the 1905 volume also contains notes on\n         the Garnett family. Her memoranda book contains notes on the\n         Peachey, Ryland, and Griffin families.","The papers of Owen Overton Gwathmey (1849-1922), Elizabeth\n         Burnley Gwathmey (b. 1818), Hardinia Morris Gwathmey\n         (1832-1905), and Mary Atwood Gwathmey (1834-1868) are located\n         in boxes 11 and 12. Owen Overton Gwathmey was a lawyer and\n         judge of the King William Circuit Court. Among his papers are\n         deeds of land to Gwathmey in his capacity as trustee for\n         Beulah Baptist Church. His miscellany includes the wills of\n         Sylvia Hill (d. 1906) and Phillis Garlick, both of King\n         William County.","Gwathmey's papers begin with general correspondence, which\n         is mostly with family members. Frequent correspondents include\n         his sisters, Anna Garnett Gwathmey and Mary Burnley Gwathmey,\n         Eleanor Gwathmey (Powell) Dewey, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1878-1945), Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Lewis\n         Franklin Powell, associate justice of the United States\n         Supreme Court. Many of Powell's letters concern the\n         Burlington- Gwathmey Memorial Foundation, but have been filed\n         together with the general correspondence. Form letters consist\n         mostly of appeals from charitable and political organizations.\n         Greeting cards and invitations conclude this box.","Box 17 contains account books. Three of these concern\n         farming operations at \"Burlington.\" Financial records consist\n         almost entirely of bank statements and federal income and\n         property tax returns. Other financial records relate to life\n         and health insurance and trust funds, including statements and\n         accounts of the Burlington Cemetery Trust Fund.","In the late 1970's, \"Burlington\" was added to the Virginia\n         Landmarks Register. Correspondence with the Virginia Historic\n         Landmarks Commission concerns the establishment of landmark\n         status, the granting of an open space easement, and the\n         awarding of a preservation grant and subsequent restoration.\n         In 1977, the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation was\n         established to maintain the family estate after the death of\n         John Ryland Gwathmey. Foundation materials include acts of\n         incorporation and correspondence, primarily with lawyers.","Box 30 begins with letters and census reports from the\n         Department of Agriculture concerning farming operations at\n         \"Burlington.\" Materials pertaining to timber include reports,\n         agreement, and accounts with lumber mills. These are followed\n         by land records, mostly deeds of lease, concerning other land\n         owned by JRG, including a house in Ayletts known as\n         \"Gwathmey's,\" and \"Meadow Farm,\" the estate adjacent to\n         \"Burlington.\"","John Ryland Gwathmey served as chairman of the industrial\n         and Rural Utilities Committee of the Ruritan Club of King\n         William County. These papers mostly concern the publication of\n         a promotional pamphlet, King William Invites You, and consist\n         of correspondence and drafts of the manuscript. Materials from\n         JRG's tenure as a member of the county's board of supervisors\n         also primarily concern industrial growth and include a\n         consultant's 1970 water and sewerage report. Appraisals of\n         farms in King William and surrounding counties, conducted by\n         JRG, conclude box 31. Papers relating to JRG's service as\n         trustee and clerk of the Beulah Baptist Church concern\n         subscriptions and renovations to the building. These precede\n         student composition books, clippings, and miscellany.","The papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey begin with general\n         correspondence (boxes 33-36). Much of this is with her sister,\n         Mary Burnley Gwathmey, from 1921-1926. Other frequent\n         correspondents include family members: Alice R. Campbell,\n         Jeannette O. Campbell, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1878-1945),\n         Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Laura Virginia\n         (Gwathmey) Young. Box 37 contains correspondence with\n         institutions, greeting cards, invitations, account books, and\n         accounts. Financial records consist of bank statement and\n         checks and investment, tax, and insurance records.","Materials in boxes 41-45 document Anna Garnett Gwathmey's\n         career as a general insurance agent in both New York City and\n         King William County. These begin with five account books, a\n         rate book, and a folder of unanswered solicitations. Client\n         files consist of correspondence, claim forms, invoices, and\n         policies with individual policy holders. These are arranged\n         alphabetically. Records from the various insurance companies\n         that AGG represented follow. These consist of letters and\n         memoranda from the companies, commission statements, forms,\n         bulletins, and promotional materials. Memoranda and rate\n         quotes from the Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service,\n         performance bonds, and miscellany conclude this section.","Materials concerning a patent search consist of reports and\n         copies of patents on stockings. Letters and miscellany of New\n         York's Three Arts Club pertain to a 1937 benefit bridge\n         tournament and dance. Speeches and addresses are mostly from a\n         public speaking class. Miscellany includes cards of airplane\n         silhouettes, used to test the accuracy of aircraft spotters\n         during World War II. Sympathy letters addressed to John Ryland\n         Gwathmey and estate materials conclude the papers of Anna\n         Garnett Gwathmey.","Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974) graduated from Woman's\n         College (now Westhampton College, University of Richmond), in\n         1904. Her general correspondence is located in boxes 47 and 48\n         and includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd (1887-1966)\n         concerning the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Mamie\n         Geneva (Doud) Eisenhower concerning Virginia Democrats for\n         Eisenhower in 1952, New York Congressman Carfoline Love\n         Goodwin O'Day, and Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt\n         concerning a request for an appointment. Correspondence with\n         institutions dates mostly from MBG's years in New York.","Boxes 49 to 51 pertain to MBG's career as an artist and\n         designer, begfinning with her papers as a teacher at the\n         University of Arkansas and as a teacher and student at\n         Columbia University's Teachers College. These primarily\n         consist of lecuture notes and notebooks. After receiving a\n         master of arts degree from Columbia in 1926, MBG worked for\n         James McCreery \u0026 Co. and James A. Hearns and Sons, both\n         New York stores. In the early 1930's, she left retaining to\n         become an independent design and fashion consultant. Records\n         docummenting MBG's career in New York mainly consist of\n         company memoranda, bulletins, brochures, layouts of display,\n         advertising materials, and newsaper clippings. In 1943, MBG\n         accedpt a position as instructor of distributive eeducation at\n         Washington-Lee High School, Arlington, Va.","Box 50 begins with materials concerning MBG's service, as a\n         consultant on merchandising, color, and design, on the\n         Virginia 350th Anniversary Commission. Thedse consist of\n         correspondence, mostly with Executive Director Parke Rouse and\n         with textile and paint companies, as well as reports,\n         memoranda, press releases, clippings, and advertising and\n         promotional materials. General art and design materials\n         follow, and include: speeches and addresses, resumes,\n         clippings, magazine articles, notes and notebooks, and\n         miscellany.","The remainder of MBG's papers are located in boxes 52-54\n         and concern her non-art related activities. These begin with a\n         few items pertaining to her work for the American Red Cross in\n         Oteen, N. C., in 1921, and a trip to Switzerland in 1931.\n         Materials concerning MBG's attempts to get funding for the\n         publication of the story of Sylvia Hill, a former slave and\n         family servant, include correspondence and application with\n         foundations and rough drafts of the book. Correspondence,\n         addresses, notes, and clippings concerning MBG's service as\n         Executive Secretary of the King William County 250th\n         Anniversary Committee follow.","Materials concerning Beulah Baptist Church mostly concern\n         MBG's writing of Beulah Baptist Church: Highlights and\n         Shadows. Copies of two of the Church's minute books are also\n         included. Two scrapbooks, a memoranda book, and telephone\n         directors follow. The first scrapbook contains clippings,\n         lines of verse, snapshots, and obituaries from the early\n         twentieth century, as well as three letters of Anna Maria\n         (Garnett) Ryland (1826-1851), one to her brother, Reuben\n         Meriwether Garnett, and two to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth\n         Ferguson (Ryland) Willis.","Genealogical records include notes on the Burnley, Garnett,\n         Gwathmey, Meaux, Rucker, Ryland, and Temple families. The\n         Gwathmey folder also contains a biographical sketch of Edward\n         Garlick Gwathmey (1839-1931) and a manuscript, \"The Gwathmey\n         Family of Virginia,\" by Mildred Bates Gwathmey. Clippings,\n         miscellany, and estate materials conclude the papers of Mary\n         Burnley Gwathmey.","Box 55 contains the papers of miscellaneous family members.\n         A complete list of these individuals is found in the guide\n         that follows this description. These items include: an\n         1870-1871 diary of Washington Gwathmey (probably kept at \"Bear\n         Island,\" Hanover County, Va.), a letter from John Newton\n         Ryland to John Meriwether Garnett concerning politics in King\n         and Queen County in 1840, and two account books, 1875-1876, of\n         Gaskins, Moncure and Co., Essex County, Va.","Account book, 1792-1824; accounts, 1790-1824;\n               estate.","Accounts, 1833-1875; deeds, indentures and bond,\n                  1818-1873; Beulah Baptist Church, 1829-1872;\n                  commonplace book; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1848-1868.","Correspondence, 1858-1864; account book, 1856-1864;\n               memoranda book, 1859-1860; accounts, 1858-1864;\n               estate.","Letters received, 1857.","Account books, 1887-1893, 1895-1917; accounts,\n                  1868-1918; and financial records, 1866-1916.","Superintendent of Schools, 1891-1906; miscellany;\n                  and estate.","Diaries (7 v.), 1874-1875, 1905, 1907, 1908-1909,\n               1912-1913, 1914; memoranda book; correspondence,\n               1867-1915; scrapbook; music scrapbook, 1914; clippings;\n               miscellany; resolutions.","Correspondence, 1899-1920; financial records,\n               1879-1916; student notebook, 1876-1877; Beulah Baptist\n               Church, 1877-1915; certificates; miscellany; estate.","Letters received, 1864-1888.","Correspondence, 1847-1867; autograph book,\n               1852-1853.","Letters received, 1857-1903; scrapbook.","Form letters; greeting cards; invitations.","Account books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.","Life and health insurance, 1970-1982; automobile\n                  insurance, 1953-1982; insurance on \"Burlington,\"\n                  1964-1982; Burlington Cemetery Trust, 1927-1982;\n                  trust fund, 1971-1982.","\"Burlington,\" 1977-1982; Burlington-Gwathmey\n                  Memorial Foundation, 1977-1982.","Farming, 1940-1982; timber, 1922-1981;\n                  \"Gwathmey's,\" 1977-1982; \"Meadow Farm,\" 1927-1962;\n                  miscellaneous deeds of lease.","Ruritan, 1950-1972; Board of Supervisors,\n                  1955-1970; real estate appraisals, 1952-1977.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1939-1970; student\n                  composition books; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence with institutions, 1913-1972;\n                  greeting cards and invitations; account books,\n                  1928-1936, 1931-1941, 1954-1960; accounts,\n                  1925-1977.","Planters National Bank, 1916-1933; Southside Bank,\n                  1926-1979; Bank of Virginia, 1955-1960; Citizens and\n                  Farmers Bank, 1961-1971.","Financial records, 1925-1966; land records,\n                  1920-1976.","Account books (5 v.): 1921, 1937, 1922-1924,\n                  1931-1944, 1936-1940; rate book, 1934; agent's\n                  letters, 1924-1967; client files, 1928-1970;\n                  insurance companies: Aetna Life Insurance Company,\n                  1931-1945; Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance\n                  Company, 1933-1958; The Penn Mutual Life Insurance\n                  Company, 1935-1952; Davenport Insurance Corporation,\n                  1937-1941; Winters-Oliver Insurance Agency,\n                  1963-1968; Royal Globe Insurance Group, 1954-1962;\n                  Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service, 1941-1965;\n                  bonds; miscellany.","Speeches and addresses, memoranda books,\n                  clippings, miscellany, estate.","Correspondence with institutions, 1916-1973;\n                  letters of recommendation; greeting cards; accounts,\n                  1934-1974; financial records, 1930-1974.","University of Arkansas, 1924-1925; Columbia\n                  University, 1926-1943; design consultant, 1928-1936;\n                  Washington-Lee High School, 1943-1959; Virginia 350th\n                  Anniversary Commission, 1953-1958; speeches;\n                  biographical; clippings; magazine articles;\n                  notebooks; notes; miscellany.","Red Cross, 1921; Switzerland, 1931; Syvlia Hill,\n                  1943-1959; King William 250th Anniversary Committee,\n                  1952-195?.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1961-1967 and minute books,\n                  1812-1843, 1936-1952; scrapbooks; directory;\n                  memoranda book; essays and lines of verse","Genealogical notes; clippings; miscellany;\n                  estate","Mollie Burnley; Eleanor Gwathmey, 1842-1931; John\n               Hill Gwathmey, 1798-1839; Joseph Hardin Gwathmey,\n               1878-1945; Washington Gwathmey; William Gwathmey,\n               1875-1920; William Henry Gwathmey, 1819-1886; Mary\n               Overton (Burnley) Meaux; Anna Maria (Garnett) Ryland,\n               1826-1951; John Newton Ryland; unidentified and family;\n               miscellany.","Permission to cite, quote, or reproduce for publication\n            must be obtained in writing from the Senior Archivist.","Papers of Joseph Gwathmey\n         (1754-1824), planter, major in the Virginia militia, and\n         deacon of Beulah Baptist Church, consist chiefly of records\n         for his estate. Papers of William Gwathmey (1794-1875),\n         planter and physician, trustee for Beulah Baptist Church,\n         include diaries, 1833- 1874 (20 v.), primarily concerning\n         weather conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physician's visits, and church activities (Civil War diaries\n         provide his views on the war and document local events);\n         correspondence, 1819-1875, with family members, many\n         concerning church activities; accounts books, 1825-1875 (3\n         v.), for farming operations and physician's services\n         (containing also records of family and slave births); loose\n         accounts, 1833-1875; deeds and bonds, 1818-1873; and Beulah\n         Church records, 1829-1872. Papers of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1846-1918), planter, insurance agent, and superintendent of\n         King William County schools, include diaries, 1872 and 1910;\n         correspondence, 1885-1918, chiefly with family members; and\n         account books, 1887-1917 (2 v.), concerning farm operations.\n         Papers of John Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), planter, include\n         correspondence, 1918- 1982, chiefly with family; account\n         books, 1951-1980, concerning farming operations; accounts,\n         1919-1982; checks and bank statements; and materials\n         concerning the creation of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial\n         Foundation. Papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey (1879-1979),\n         insurance agent, include correspondence, 1913-1975, with\n         family; account books, accounts, and bank records, 1916-1979;\n         and business records, 1921-1970, documenting her career in New\n         York City and King William County, and include account books\n         and client files. Papers of Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974),\n         teacher and artist, include correspondence, 1910-1973;\n         accounts, 1930-1974; school notes, artwork, and materials\n         documenting her work with the Virginia 350th Anniversary\n         Commission.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 G9957 c FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, Jeanette\n         Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey, John Ryland Gwathmey, Anna Garnett\n         Gwathmey, and Mary Burnley Gwathmey."],"creator_ssim":["Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, Jeanette\n         Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey, John Ryland Gwathmey, Anna Garnett\n         Gwathmey, and Mary Burnley Gwathmey."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation,\n            1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Baptists","Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation","Gwathmey family","Plantation life","Slavery","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal\n         narratives, Confederate"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Baptists","Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation","Gwathmey family","Plantation life","Slavery","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal\n         narratives, Confederate"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["10,000 (ca.) items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into fifteen sections by creator.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into fifteen sections by creator."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection represents four generations of this\n         prominent King William County family. From their family seat\n         at \"Burlington,\" the Gwathmey's were active in the political,\n         social, and religious life of the county for more than two\n         centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Hardin Gwathmey and his wife, Jeannette Garnett\n         (Ryland) Gwathmey, had five children, three of whom, John\n         Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), Anna Garnett Gwathmey\n         (1879-1979), and Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883- 1974), are\n         prominent in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the exception of the years he spent at Virginia\n         Polytechnic Institute (Now Virginia Polytechnic University and\n         State University), John Ryland Gwathmey spent his entire life\n         at \"Burlington.\" John Ryland Gwathmey supervised farming and\n         timber operations on the family estate and appraised real\n         estate in King William and nearby counties. He was also a\n         member of the county board of supervisors and of Beulah\n         Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection represents four generations of this\n         prominent King William County family. From their family seat\n         at \"Burlington,\" the Gwathmey's were active in the political,\n         social, and religious life of the county for more than two\n         centuries.","Joseph Hardin Gwathmey and his wife, Jeannette Garnett\n         (Ryland) Gwathmey, had five children, three of whom, John\n         Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), Anna Garnett Gwathmey\n         (1879-1979), and Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883- 1974), are\n         prominent in this collection.","With the exception of the years he spent at Virginia\n         Polytechnic Institute (Now Virginia Polytechnic University and\n         State University), John Ryland Gwathmey spent his entire life\n         at \"Burlington.\" John Ryland Gwathmey supervised farming and\n         timber operations on the family estate and appraised real\n         estate in King William and nearby counties. He was also a\n         member of the county board of supervisors and of Beulah\n         Baptist Church."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGwathmey Family Papers, 1790-1982 (Mss1 G9957 c FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, 1790-1982 (Mss1 G9957 c FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection begins with the papers of Joseph Gwathmey,\n         (1758-1824), a planter, major in the state militia, and deacon\n         of the Beulah Baptist Church. These records consist of an\n         account book, loose accounts, and estate materials. Major\n         Gwathmey's account book also contains records of his\n         children's births and lists of horses. Most of his papers,\n         however, concern his estate and include the records of\n         executors, Richard Gwathmey (1789-1866), John Hill Gwathmey\n         (1798-1839), and William Gwathmey (1794-1875). Two accounts\n         books contain copies of Joseph Gwathmey's will, inventories,\n         appraisals, and accounts and expenses. Loose estate materials\n         include accounts, inventories, an indenture selling land to\n         Nathaniel Boush Hill, and an 1836 appraisal of slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of William Gwathmey are found in boxes 2-7.\n         William Gwathmey inherited \"Wakefield,\" but moved to\n         \"Burlington\" upon the death of his brother, John Hill\n         Gwathmey, in 1839. A planter and physician, Gwathmey was also\n         a trustee of the Beulah Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Gwathmey's papers begin with a diary of his journey to\n         St. Augustine, Florida, with his wife and sister-in-law,\n         Hardinia M. Burnley, from 1833 to 1834. Other diaries follow;\n         a complete list of these appears in the guide that follows\n         this description. The diaries, many of which are kept in\n         copies of Richardson's Almanac, mostly concern weather\n         conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physicians's visits, and church activities. The pages of an\n         1837 diary describe a trip to New Orleans and southwest\n         Louisiana. Entries in the 1852 diary concern a medical\n         conference in Richmond (Apr. 28, May 5) and the presidential\n         election of that year (Nov. 9). The 1859 diary describes\n         hiring day in Ayletts (Jan. 1) and election day (May 26).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries from the Civil War years not only provide\n         Gwathmey's views on the war, but also document local events.\n         Several 1863 entries describe the appearance of Northern units\n         in King William (January 8 and June 5), as well as the baptism\n         of slaves at Beulah (Sept. 6). Entries for 1864 describe the\n         arrival of Union troops at Ayletts (Mar. 1-2), the doctoring\n         of wounded soldiers, and the occupation of \"Burlington\" (May\n         22- 29). Several 1866 entries concern Reconstruction (Feb. 27,\n         May 31, June 12-18). These last entries concern formal charges\n         bought against a neighbor for mistreating a former slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 3-5 contain the correspondence of William Gwathmey.\n         Most of this consists of letters from family members,\n         including Joseph Robert Garlick, Frances Fielding (Lewis)\n         Gwathmey, Lucy Ann (Garlick) Gwathmey, Richard Gwathmey,\n         Washington Gwathmey, and William Henry Gwathmey. Many of these\n         letters concern the activities of Beulah Church. Significant\n         correspondence incudes the letters of Gwathmey's\n         brother-in-law, Edwin Burnley, who apparently deserted his\n         wife and went to Mississippi. These letters document his\n         divorce and attempts to transfer slaves to his new home. The\n         letters of another brother-in-law, Dr. Thomas Meaux, concern\n         medicine and phyhsicians. Thomas Witt Haynes writes concerning\n         WG's son Richard Brooke Gwathmeyh, who served in the 9th\n         Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Letters with Alexander\n         Fleet pertain to Gwathmey's brief service in the Ware of 1812,\n         for which WG was applying for a pension. An 1865 letter from\n         richard Gwathmey describes the Richmond fire, while an 1837\n         letter describes a trip to Chicago, Ill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree accounts books follow. The first two are indexed and\n         primarily consist of accounts with patients, but they also\n         include records of family births, servant births, lists of\n         livestock, and accounts with the estate of Joseph Gwathmey.\n         The second account book also contains accounts, 1875-1895, of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey. The third account book, 1870-1875,\n         contains contracts and accounts with farm hands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose accounts begin in box 7. These are followed by deeds\n         and bonds, most of which concern land, but which also include\n         an indenture to a former slave, Sylvia Hill, granting her\n         ownership of her house. Beulah Baptist Church records consist\n         of lists of subscriptions, a commonplace book, eulogies for\n         Hardin Burnley (1804?-1869), John William Garlick\n         (1823?-1866), Edward Hill (d. 1870) and James Trice.\n         Miscellaneous materials include photocopies concerning\n         Gwathmey's 1812 service and a pass, 1864, signed by James\n         Alexander Seddon (1815-1880).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of Elizabeth Theresa (Burnley) Gwathmey\n         (1806-1879), wife of William Gwathmey, consists mostly of\n         letters written by her children. Among those are the letters\n         of Mary Atwood Gwathmey, which describe her visit to cousins\n         in Mississippi in 1856 and 1857.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials of seven of William and\n         Elizabeth (Burnley) Gwathmey's children. The papers of Richard\n         Brooke Gwathmey (1838-1864), a soldier in the 9th Virginia\n         Cavalry during the Civil War, and William Gwathmey (1840-1858)\n         are located in box 8. Also in box 8 are several diaries of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1846-1918), who inherited \"Burlington\"\n         upon the death of his father in 1875. Gwathmey, an agent for\n         the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, also served as\n         superintendent of King William County Schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGwathmey's general correspondence is mostly with friends\n         and family members, but also includes a letter signed by\n         Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1881-1944), as Assistant Secretary\n         of the Navy, thanking Gwathmey for the loan of his binoculars\n         to the U. S. Navy during the First World War. Account books\n         concern farming operations and include accounts with far\n         laborers. Loose accounts include receipts from the King\n         William County Grange. Records concerning Gwathmey's\n         superintendency of King William schools consist mostly of\n         certificates, but also include a statistical report, ca. 1905,\n         detailing conditions in the system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Jeannette Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey\n         (1847-1915), wife of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, consist of\n         diaries, memoranda and scrapbooks, correspondence, and\n         miscellany. The diaries mostly concern the weather and her\n         church activities, but the 1905 volume also contains notes on\n         the Garnett family. Her memoranda book contains notes on the\n         Peachey, Ryland, and Griffin families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Owen Overton Gwathmey (1849-1922), Elizabeth\n         Burnley Gwathmey (b. 1818), Hardinia Morris Gwathmey\n         (1832-1905), and Mary Atwood Gwathmey (1834-1868) are located\n         in boxes 11 and 12. Owen Overton Gwathmey was a lawyer and\n         judge of the King William Circuit Court. Among his papers are\n         deeds of land to Gwathmey in his capacity as trustee for\n         Beulah Baptist Church. His miscellany includes the wills of\n         Sylvia Hill (d. 1906) and Phillis Garlick, both of King\n         William County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGwathmey's papers begin with general correspondence, which\n         is mostly with family members. Frequent correspondents include\n         his sisters, Anna Garnett Gwathmey and Mary Burnley Gwathmey,\n         Eleanor Gwathmey (Powell) Dewey, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1878-1945), Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Lewis\n         Franklin Powell, associate justice of the United States\n         Supreme Court. Many of Powell's letters concern the\n         Burlington- Gwathmey Memorial Foundation, but have been filed\n         together with the general correspondence. Form letters consist\n         mostly of appeals from charitable and political organizations.\n         Greeting cards and invitations conclude this box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 17 contains account books. Three of these concern\n         farming operations at \"Burlington.\" Financial records consist\n         almost entirely of bank statements and federal income and\n         property tax returns. Other financial records relate to life\n         and health insurance and trust funds, including statements and\n         accounts of the Burlington Cemetery Trust Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970's, \"Burlington\" was added to the Virginia\n         Landmarks Register. Correspondence with the Virginia Historic\n         Landmarks Commission concerns the establishment of landmark\n         status, the granting of an open space easement, and the\n         awarding of a preservation grant and subsequent restoration.\n         In 1977, the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation was\n         established to maintain the family estate after the death of\n         John Ryland Gwathmey. Foundation materials include acts of\n         incorporation and correspondence, primarily with lawyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 30 begins with letters and census reports from the\n         Department of Agriculture concerning farming operations at\n         \"Burlington.\" Materials pertaining to timber include reports,\n         agreement, and accounts with lumber mills. These are followed\n         by land records, mostly deeds of lease, concerning other land\n         owned by JRG, including a house in Ayletts known as\n         \"Gwathmey's,\" and \"Meadow Farm,\" the estate adjacent to\n         \"Burlington.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Ryland Gwathmey served as chairman of the industrial\n         and Rural Utilities Committee of the Ruritan Club of King\n         William County. These papers mostly concern the publication of\n         a promotional pamphlet, King William Invites You, and consist\n         of correspondence and drafts of the manuscript. Materials from\n         JRG's tenure as a member of the county's board of supervisors\n         also primarily concern industrial growth and include a\n         consultant's 1970 water and sewerage report. Appraisals of\n         farms in King William and surrounding counties, conducted by\n         JRG, conclude box 31. Papers relating to JRG's service as\n         trustee and clerk of the Beulah Baptist Church concern\n         subscriptions and renovations to the building. These precede\n         student composition books, clippings, and miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey begin with general\n         correspondence (boxes 33-36). Much of this is with her sister,\n         Mary Burnley Gwathmey, from 1921-1926. Other frequent\n         correspondents include family members: Alice R. Campbell,\n         Jeannette O. Campbell, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1878-1945),\n         Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Laura Virginia\n         (Gwathmey) Young. Box 37 contains correspondence with\n         institutions, greeting cards, invitations, account books, and\n         accounts. Financial records consist of bank statement and\n         checks and investment, tax, and insurance records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in boxes 41-45 document Anna Garnett Gwathmey's\n         career as a general insurance agent in both New York City and\n         King William County. These begin with five account books, a\n         rate book, and a folder of unanswered solicitations. Client\n         files consist of correspondence, claim forms, invoices, and\n         policies with individual policy holders. These are arranged\n         alphabetically. Records from the various insurance companies\n         that AGG represented follow. These consist of letters and\n         memoranda from the companies, commission statements, forms,\n         bulletins, and promotional materials. Memoranda and rate\n         quotes from the Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service,\n         performance bonds, and miscellany conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning a patent search consist of reports and\n         copies of patents on stockings. Letters and miscellany of New\n         York's Three Arts Club pertain to a 1937 benefit bridge\n         tournament and dance. Speeches and addresses are mostly from a\n         public speaking class. Miscellany includes cards of airplane\n         silhouettes, used to test the accuracy of aircraft spotters\n         during World War II. Sympathy letters addressed to John Ryland\n         Gwathmey and estate materials conclude the papers of Anna\n         Garnett Gwathmey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974) graduated from Woman's\n         College (now Westhampton College, University of Richmond), in\n         1904. Her general correspondence is located in boxes 47 and 48\n         and includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd (1887-1966)\n         concerning the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Mamie\n         Geneva (Doud) Eisenhower concerning Virginia Democrats for\n         Eisenhower in 1952, New York Congressman Carfoline Love\n         Goodwin O'Day, and Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt\n         concerning a request for an appointment. Correspondence with\n         institutions dates mostly from MBG's years in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 49 to 51 pertain to MBG's career as an artist and\n         designer, begfinning with her papers as a teacher at the\n         University of Arkansas and as a teacher and student at\n         Columbia University's Teachers College. These primarily\n         consist of lecuture notes and notebooks. After receiving a\n         master of arts degree from Columbia in 1926, MBG worked for\n         James McCreery \u0026amp; Co. and James A. Hearns and Sons, both\n         New York stores. In the early 1930's, she left retaining to\n         become an independent design and fashion consultant. Records\n         docummenting MBG's career in New York mainly consist of\n         company memoranda, bulletins, brochures, layouts of display,\n         advertising materials, and newsaper clippings. In 1943, MBG\n         accedpt a position as instructor of distributive eeducation at\n         Washington-Lee High School, Arlington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 50 begins with materials concerning MBG's service, as a\n         consultant on merchandising, color, and design, on the\n         Virginia 350th Anniversary Commission. Thedse consist of\n         correspondence, mostly with Executive Director Parke Rouse and\n         with textile and paint companies, as well as reports,\n         memoranda, press releases, clippings, and advertising and\n         promotional materials. General art and design materials\n         follow, and include: speeches and addresses, resumes,\n         clippings, magazine articles, notes and notebooks, and\n         miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of MBG's papers are located in boxes 52-54\n         and concern her non-art related activities. These begin with a\n         few items pertaining to her work for the American Red Cross in\n         Oteen, N. C., in 1921, and a trip to Switzerland in 1931.\n         Materials concerning MBG's attempts to get funding for the\n         publication of the story of Sylvia Hill, a former slave and\n         family servant, include correspondence and application with\n         foundations and rough drafts of the book. Correspondence,\n         addresses, notes, and clippings concerning MBG's service as\n         Executive Secretary of the King William County 250th\n         Anniversary Committee follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning Beulah Baptist Church mostly concern\n         MBG's writing of Beulah Baptist Church: Highlights and\n         Shadows. Copies of two of the Church's minute books are also\n         included. Two scrapbooks, a memoranda book, and telephone\n         directors follow. The first scrapbook contains clippings,\n         lines of verse, snapshots, and obituaries from the early\n         twentieth century, as well as three letters of Anna Maria\n         (Garnett) Ryland (1826-1851), one to her brother, Reuben\n         Meriwether Garnett, and two to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth\n         Ferguson (Ryland) Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogical records include notes on the Burnley, Garnett,\n         Gwathmey, Meaux, Rucker, Ryland, and Temple families. The\n         Gwathmey folder also contains a biographical sketch of Edward\n         Garlick Gwathmey (1839-1931) and a manuscript, \"The Gwathmey\n         Family of Virginia,\" by Mildred Bates Gwathmey. Clippings,\n         miscellany, and estate materials conclude the papers of Mary\n         Burnley Gwathmey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 55 contains the papers of miscellaneous family members.\n         A complete list of these individuals is found in the guide\n         that follows this description. These items include: an\n         1870-1871 diary of Washington Gwathmey (probably kept at \"Bear\n         Island,\" Hanover County, Va.), a letter from John Newton\n         Ryland to John Meriwether Garnett concerning politics in King\n         and Queen County in 1840, and two account books, 1875-1876, of\n         Gaskins, Moncure and Co., Essex County, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book, 1792-1824; accounts, 1790-1824;\n               estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts, 1833-1875; deeds, indentures and bond,\n                  1818-1873; Beulah Baptist Church, 1829-1872;\n                  commonplace book; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1848-1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1858-1864; account book, 1856-1864;\n               memoranda book, 1859-1860; accounts, 1858-1864;\n               estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received, 1857.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books, 1887-1893, 1895-1917; accounts,\n                  1868-1918; and financial records, 1866-1916.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuperintendent of Schools, 1891-1906; miscellany;\n                  and estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (7 v.), 1874-1875, 1905, 1907, 1908-1909,\n               1912-1913, 1914; memoranda book; correspondence,\n               1867-1915; scrapbook; music scrapbook, 1914; clippings;\n               miscellany; resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1899-1920; financial records,\n               1879-1916; student notebook, 1876-1877; Beulah Baptist\n               Church, 1877-1915; certificates; miscellany; estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received, 1864-1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1847-1867; autograph book,\n               1852-1853.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received, 1857-1903; scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForm letters; greeting cards; invitations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife and health insurance, 1970-1982; automobile\n                  insurance, 1953-1982; insurance on \"Burlington,\"\n                  1964-1982; Burlington Cemetery Trust, 1927-1982;\n                  trust fund, 1971-1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Burlington,\" 1977-1982; Burlington-Gwathmey\n                  Memorial Foundation, 1977-1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarming, 1940-1982; timber, 1922-1981;\n                  \"Gwathmey's,\" 1977-1982; \"Meadow Farm,\" 1927-1962;\n                  miscellaneous deeds of lease.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuritan, 1950-1972; Board of Supervisors,\n                  1955-1970; real estate appraisals, 1952-1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeulah Baptist Church, 1939-1970; student\n                  composition books; clippings; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with institutions, 1913-1972;\n                  greeting cards and invitations; account books,\n                  1928-1936, 1931-1941, 1954-1960; accounts,\n                  1925-1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanters National Bank, 1916-1933; Southside Bank,\n                  1926-1979; Bank of Virginia, 1955-1960; Citizens and\n                  Farmers Bank, 1961-1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1925-1966; land records,\n                  1920-1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books (5 v.): 1921, 1937, 1922-1924,\n                  1931-1944, 1936-1940; rate book, 1934; agent's\n                  letters, 1924-1967; client files, 1928-1970;\n                  insurance companies: Aetna Life Insurance Company,\n                  1931-1945; Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance\n                  Company, 1933-1958; The Penn Mutual Life Insurance\n                  Company, 1935-1952; Davenport Insurance Corporation,\n                  1937-1941; Winters-Oliver Insurance Agency,\n                  1963-1968; Royal Globe Insurance Group, 1954-1962;\n                  Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service, 1941-1965;\n                  bonds; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches and addresses, memoranda books,\n                  clippings, miscellany, estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with institutions, 1916-1973;\n                  letters of recommendation; greeting cards; accounts,\n                  1934-1974; financial records, 1930-1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Arkansas, 1924-1925; Columbia\n                  University, 1926-1943; design consultant, 1928-1936;\n                  Washington-Lee High School, 1943-1959; Virginia 350th\n                  Anniversary Commission, 1953-1958; speeches;\n                  biographical; clippings; magazine articles;\n                  notebooks; notes; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRed Cross, 1921; Switzerland, 1931; Syvlia Hill,\n                  1943-1959; King William 250th Anniversary Committee,\n                  1952-195?.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeulah Baptist Church, 1961-1967 and minute books,\n                  1812-1843, 1936-1952; scrapbooks; directory;\n                  memoranda book; essays and lines of verse\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogical notes; clippings; miscellany;\n                  estate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMollie Burnley; Eleanor Gwathmey, 1842-1931; John\n               Hill Gwathmey, 1798-1839; Joseph Hardin Gwathmey,\n               1878-1945; Washington Gwathmey; William Gwathmey,\n               1875-1920; William Henry Gwathmey, 1819-1886; Mary\n               Overton (Burnley) Meaux; Anna Maria (Garnett) Ryland,\n               1826-1951; John Newton Ryland; unidentified and family;\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection begins with the papers of Joseph Gwathmey,\n         (1758-1824), a planter, major in the state militia, and deacon\n         of the Beulah Baptist Church. These records consist of an\n         account book, loose accounts, and estate materials. Major\n         Gwathmey's account book also contains records of his\n         children's births and lists of horses. Most of his papers,\n         however, concern his estate and include the records of\n         executors, Richard Gwathmey (1789-1866), John Hill Gwathmey\n         (1798-1839), and William Gwathmey (1794-1875). Two accounts\n         books contain copies of Joseph Gwathmey's will, inventories,\n         appraisals, and accounts and expenses. Loose estate materials\n         include accounts, inventories, an indenture selling land to\n         Nathaniel Boush Hill, and an 1836 appraisal of slaves.","The papers of William Gwathmey are found in boxes 2-7.\n         William Gwathmey inherited \"Wakefield,\" but moved to\n         \"Burlington\" upon the death of his brother, John Hill\n         Gwathmey, in 1839. A planter and physician, Gwathmey was also\n         a trustee of the Beulah Baptist Church.","Dr. Gwathmey's papers begin with a diary of his journey to\n         St. Augustine, Florida, with his wife and sister-in-law,\n         Hardinia M. Burnley, from 1833 to 1834. Other diaries follow;\n         a complete list of these appears in the guide that follows\n         this description. The diaries, many of which are kept in\n         copies of Richardson's Almanac, mostly concern weather\n         conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physicians's visits, and church activities. The pages of an\n         1837 diary describe a trip to New Orleans and southwest\n         Louisiana. Entries in the 1852 diary concern a medical\n         conference in Richmond (Apr. 28, May 5) and the presidential\n         election of that year (Nov. 9). The 1859 diary describes\n         hiring day in Ayletts (Jan. 1) and election day (May 26).","Diaries from the Civil War years not only provide\n         Gwathmey's views on the war, but also document local events.\n         Several 1863 entries describe the appearance of Northern units\n         in King William (January 8 and June 5), as well as the baptism\n         of slaves at Beulah (Sept. 6). Entries for 1864 describe the\n         arrival of Union troops at Ayletts (Mar. 1-2), the doctoring\n         of wounded soldiers, and the occupation of \"Burlington\" (May\n         22- 29). Several 1866 entries concern Reconstruction (Feb. 27,\n         May 31, June 12-18). These last entries concern formal charges\n         bought against a neighbor for mistreating a former slave.","Boxes 3-5 contain the correspondence of William Gwathmey.\n         Most of this consists of letters from family members,\n         including Joseph Robert Garlick, Frances Fielding (Lewis)\n         Gwathmey, Lucy Ann (Garlick) Gwathmey, Richard Gwathmey,\n         Washington Gwathmey, and William Henry Gwathmey. Many of these\n         letters concern the activities of Beulah Church. Significant\n         correspondence incudes the letters of Gwathmey's\n         brother-in-law, Edwin Burnley, who apparently deserted his\n         wife and went to Mississippi. These letters document his\n         divorce and attempts to transfer slaves to his new home. The\n         letters of another brother-in-law, Dr. Thomas Meaux, concern\n         medicine and phyhsicians. Thomas Witt Haynes writes concerning\n         WG's son Richard Brooke Gwathmeyh, who served in the 9th\n         Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Letters with Alexander\n         Fleet pertain to Gwathmey's brief service in the Ware of 1812,\n         for which WG was applying for a pension. An 1865 letter from\n         richard Gwathmey describes the Richmond fire, while an 1837\n         letter describes a trip to Chicago, Ill.","Three accounts books follow. The first two are indexed and\n         primarily consist of accounts with patients, but they also\n         include records of family births, servant births, lists of\n         livestock, and accounts with the estate of Joseph Gwathmey.\n         The second account book also contains accounts, 1875-1895, of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey. The third account book, 1870-1875,\n         contains contracts and accounts with farm hands.","Loose accounts begin in box 7. These are followed by deeds\n         and bonds, most of which concern land, but which also include\n         an indenture to a former slave, Sylvia Hill, granting her\n         ownership of her house. Beulah Baptist Church records consist\n         of lists of subscriptions, a commonplace book, eulogies for\n         Hardin Burnley (1804?-1869), John William Garlick\n         (1823?-1866), Edward Hill (d. 1870) and James Trice.\n         Miscellaneous materials include photocopies concerning\n         Gwathmey's 1812 service and a pass, 1864, signed by James\n         Alexander Seddon (1815-1880).","The correspondence of Elizabeth Theresa (Burnley) Gwathmey\n         (1806-1879), wife of William Gwathmey, consists mostly of\n         letters written by her children. Among those are the letters\n         of Mary Atwood Gwathmey, which describe her visit to cousins\n         in Mississippi in 1856 and 1857.","The collection contains materials of seven of William and\n         Elizabeth (Burnley) Gwathmey's children. The papers of Richard\n         Brooke Gwathmey (1838-1864), a soldier in the 9th Virginia\n         Cavalry during the Civil War, and William Gwathmey (1840-1858)\n         are located in box 8. Also in box 8 are several diaries of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1846-1918), who inherited \"Burlington\"\n         upon the death of his father in 1875. Gwathmey, an agent for\n         the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, also served as\n         superintendent of King William County Schools.","Gwathmey's general correspondence is mostly with friends\n         and family members, but also includes a letter signed by\n         Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1881-1944), as Assistant Secretary\n         of the Navy, thanking Gwathmey for the loan of his binoculars\n         to the U. S. Navy during the First World War. Account books\n         concern farming operations and include accounts with far\n         laborers. Loose accounts include receipts from the King\n         William County Grange. Records concerning Gwathmey's\n         superintendency of King William schools consist mostly of\n         certificates, but also include a statistical report, ca. 1905,\n         detailing conditions in the system.","The papers of Jeannette Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey\n         (1847-1915), wife of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, consist of\n         diaries, memoranda and scrapbooks, correspondence, and\n         miscellany. The diaries mostly concern the weather and her\n         church activities, but the 1905 volume also contains notes on\n         the Garnett family. Her memoranda book contains notes on the\n         Peachey, Ryland, and Griffin families.","The papers of Owen Overton Gwathmey (1849-1922), Elizabeth\n         Burnley Gwathmey (b. 1818), Hardinia Morris Gwathmey\n         (1832-1905), and Mary Atwood Gwathmey (1834-1868) are located\n         in boxes 11 and 12. Owen Overton Gwathmey was a lawyer and\n         judge of the King William Circuit Court. Among his papers are\n         deeds of land to Gwathmey in his capacity as trustee for\n         Beulah Baptist Church. His miscellany includes the wills of\n         Sylvia Hill (d. 1906) and Phillis Garlick, both of King\n         William County.","Gwathmey's papers begin with general correspondence, which\n         is mostly with family members. Frequent correspondents include\n         his sisters, Anna Garnett Gwathmey and Mary Burnley Gwathmey,\n         Eleanor Gwathmey (Powell) Dewey, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1878-1945), Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Lewis\n         Franklin Powell, associate justice of the United States\n         Supreme Court. Many of Powell's letters concern the\n         Burlington- Gwathmey Memorial Foundation, but have been filed\n         together with the general correspondence. Form letters consist\n         mostly of appeals from charitable and political organizations.\n         Greeting cards and invitations conclude this box.","Box 17 contains account books. Three of these concern\n         farming operations at \"Burlington.\" Financial records consist\n         almost entirely of bank statements and federal income and\n         property tax returns. Other financial records relate to life\n         and health insurance and trust funds, including statements and\n         accounts of the Burlington Cemetery Trust Fund.","In the late 1970's, \"Burlington\" was added to the Virginia\n         Landmarks Register. Correspondence with the Virginia Historic\n         Landmarks Commission concerns the establishment of landmark\n         status, the granting of an open space easement, and the\n         awarding of a preservation grant and subsequent restoration.\n         In 1977, the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation was\n         established to maintain the family estate after the death of\n         John Ryland Gwathmey. Foundation materials include acts of\n         incorporation and correspondence, primarily with lawyers.","Box 30 begins with letters and census reports from the\n         Department of Agriculture concerning farming operations at\n         \"Burlington.\" Materials pertaining to timber include reports,\n         agreement, and accounts with lumber mills. These are followed\n         by land records, mostly deeds of lease, concerning other land\n         owned by JRG, including a house in Ayletts known as\n         \"Gwathmey's,\" and \"Meadow Farm,\" the estate adjacent to\n         \"Burlington.\"","John Ryland Gwathmey served as chairman of the industrial\n         and Rural Utilities Committee of the Ruritan Club of King\n         William County. These papers mostly concern the publication of\n         a promotional pamphlet, King William Invites You, and consist\n         of correspondence and drafts of the manuscript. Materials from\n         JRG's tenure as a member of the county's board of supervisors\n         also primarily concern industrial growth and include a\n         consultant's 1970 water and sewerage report. Appraisals of\n         farms in King William and surrounding counties, conducted by\n         JRG, conclude box 31. Papers relating to JRG's service as\n         trustee and clerk of the Beulah Baptist Church concern\n         subscriptions and renovations to the building. These precede\n         student composition books, clippings, and miscellany.","The papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey begin with general\n         correspondence (boxes 33-36). Much of this is with her sister,\n         Mary Burnley Gwathmey, from 1921-1926. Other frequent\n         correspondents include family members: Alice R. Campbell,\n         Jeannette O. Campbell, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1878-1945),\n         Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Laura Virginia\n         (Gwathmey) Young. Box 37 contains correspondence with\n         institutions, greeting cards, invitations, account books, and\n         accounts. Financial records consist of bank statement and\n         checks and investment, tax, and insurance records.","Materials in boxes 41-45 document Anna Garnett Gwathmey's\n         career as a general insurance agent in both New York City and\n         King William County. These begin with five account books, a\n         rate book, and a folder of unanswered solicitations. Client\n         files consist of correspondence, claim forms, invoices, and\n         policies with individual policy holders. These are arranged\n         alphabetically. Records from the various insurance companies\n         that AGG represented follow. These consist of letters and\n         memoranda from the companies, commission statements, forms,\n         bulletins, and promotional materials. Memoranda and rate\n         quotes from the Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service,\n         performance bonds, and miscellany conclude this section.","Materials concerning a patent search consist of reports and\n         copies of patents on stockings. Letters and miscellany of New\n         York's Three Arts Club pertain to a 1937 benefit bridge\n         tournament and dance. Speeches and addresses are mostly from a\n         public speaking class. Miscellany includes cards of airplane\n         silhouettes, used to test the accuracy of aircraft spotters\n         during World War II. Sympathy letters addressed to John Ryland\n         Gwathmey and estate materials conclude the papers of Anna\n         Garnett Gwathmey.","Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974) graduated from Woman's\n         College (now Westhampton College, University of Richmond), in\n         1904. Her general correspondence is located in boxes 47 and 48\n         and includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd (1887-1966)\n         concerning the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Mamie\n         Geneva (Doud) Eisenhower concerning Virginia Democrats for\n         Eisenhower in 1952, New York Congressman Carfoline Love\n         Goodwin O'Day, and Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt\n         concerning a request for an appointment. Correspondence with\n         institutions dates mostly from MBG's years in New York.","Boxes 49 to 51 pertain to MBG's career as an artist and\n         designer, begfinning with her papers as a teacher at the\n         University of Arkansas and as a teacher and student at\n         Columbia University's Teachers College. These primarily\n         consist of lecuture notes and notebooks. After receiving a\n         master of arts degree from Columbia in 1926, MBG worked for\n         James McCreery \u0026 Co. and James A. Hearns and Sons, both\n         New York stores. In the early 1930's, she left retaining to\n         become an independent design and fashion consultant. Records\n         docummenting MBG's career in New York mainly consist of\n         company memoranda, bulletins, brochures, layouts of display,\n         advertising materials, and newsaper clippings. In 1943, MBG\n         accedpt a position as instructor of distributive eeducation at\n         Washington-Lee High School, Arlington, Va.","Box 50 begins with materials concerning MBG's service, as a\n         consultant on merchandising, color, and design, on the\n         Virginia 350th Anniversary Commission. Thedse consist of\n         correspondence, mostly with Executive Director Parke Rouse and\n         with textile and paint companies, as well as reports,\n         memoranda, press releases, clippings, and advertising and\n         promotional materials. General art and design materials\n         follow, and include: speeches and addresses, resumes,\n         clippings, magazine articles, notes and notebooks, and\n         miscellany.","The remainder of MBG's papers are located in boxes 52-54\n         and concern her non-art related activities. These begin with a\n         few items pertaining to her work for the American Red Cross in\n         Oteen, N. C., in 1921, and a trip to Switzerland in 1931.\n         Materials concerning MBG's attempts to get funding for the\n         publication of the story of Sylvia Hill, a former slave and\n         family servant, include correspondence and application with\n         foundations and rough drafts of the book. Correspondence,\n         addresses, notes, and clippings concerning MBG's service as\n         Executive Secretary of the King William County 250th\n         Anniversary Committee follow.","Materials concerning Beulah Baptist Church mostly concern\n         MBG's writing of Beulah Baptist Church: Highlights and\n         Shadows. Copies of two of the Church's minute books are also\n         included. Two scrapbooks, a memoranda book, and telephone\n         directors follow. The first scrapbook contains clippings,\n         lines of verse, snapshots, and obituaries from the early\n         twentieth century, as well as three letters of Anna Maria\n         (Garnett) Ryland (1826-1851), one to her brother, Reuben\n         Meriwether Garnett, and two to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth\n         Ferguson (Ryland) Willis.","Genealogical records include notes on the Burnley, Garnett,\n         Gwathmey, Meaux, Rucker, Ryland, and Temple families. The\n         Gwathmey folder also contains a biographical sketch of Edward\n         Garlick Gwathmey (1839-1931) and a manuscript, \"The Gwathmey\n         Family of Virginia,\" by Mildred Bates Gwathmey. Clippings,\n         miscellany, and estate materials conclude the papers of Mary\n         Burnley Gwathmey.","Box 55 contains the papers of miscellaneous family members.\n         A complete list of these individuals is found in the guide\n         that follows this description. These items include: an\n         1870-1871 diary of Washington Gwathmey (probably kept at \"Bear\n         Island,\" Hanover County, Va.), a letter from John Newton\n         Ryland to John Meriwether Garnett concerning politics in King\n         and Queen County in 1840, and two account books, 1875-1876, of\n         Gaskins, Moncure and Co., Essex County, Va.","Account book, 1792-1824; accounts, 1790-1824;\n               estate.","Accounts, 1833-1875; deeds, indentures and bond,\n                  1818-1873; Beulah Baptist Church, 1829-1872;\n                  commonplace book; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1848-1868.","Correspondence, 1858-1864; account book, 1856-1864;\n               memoranda book, 1859-1860; accounts, 1858-1864;\n               estate.","Letters received, 1857.","Account books, 1887-1893, 1895-1917; accounts,\n                  1868-1918; and financial records, 1866-1916.","Superintendent of Schools, 1891-1906; miscellany;\n                  and estate.","Diaries (7 v.), 1874-1875, 1905, 1907, 1908-1909,\n               1912-1913, 1914; memoranda book; correspondence,\n               1867-1915; scrapbook; music scrapbook, 1914; clippings;\n               miscellany; resolutions.","Correspondence, 1899-1920; financial records,\n               1879-1916; student notebook, 1876-1877; Beulah Baptist\n               Church, 1877-1915; certificates; miscellany; estate.","Letters received, 1864-1888.","Correspondence, 1847-1867; autograph book,\n               1852-1853.","Letters received, 1857-1903; scrapbook.","Form letters; greeting cards; invitations.","Account books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.","Life and health insurance, 1970-1982; automobile\n                  insurance, 1953-1982; insurance on \"Burlington,\"\n                  1964-1982; Burlington Cemetery Trust, 1927-1982;\n                  trust fund, 1971-1982.","\"Burlington,\" 1977-1982; Burlington-Gwathmey\n                  Memorial Foundation, 1977-1982.","Farming, 1940-1982; timber, 1922-1981;\n                  \"Gwathmey's,\" 1977-1982; \"Meadow Farm,\" 1927-1962;\n                  miscellaneous deeds of lease.","Ruritan, 1950-1972; Board of Supervisors,\n                  1955-1970; real estate appraisals, 1952-1977.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1939-1970; student\n                  composition books; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence with institutions, 1913-1972;\n                  greeting cards and invitations; account books,\n                  1928-1936, 1931-1941, 1954-1960; accounts,\n                  1925-1977.","Planters National Bank, 1916-1933; Southside Bank,\n                  1926-1979; Bank of Virginia, 1955-1960; Citizens and\n                  Farmers Bank, 1961-1971.","Financial records, 1925-1966; land records,\n                  1920-1976.","Account books (5 v.): 1921, 1937, 1922-1924,\n                  1931-1944, 1936-1940; rate book, 1934; agent's\n                  letters, 1924-1967; client files, 1928-1970;\n                  insurance companies: Aetna Life Insurance Company,\n                  1931-1945; Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance\n                  Company, 1933-1958; The Penn Mutual Life Insurance\n                  Company, 1935-1952; Davenport Insurance Corporation,\n                  1937-1941; Winters-Oliver Insurance Agency,\n                  1963-1968; Royal Globe Insurance Group, 1954-1962;\n                  Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service, 1941-1965;\n                  bonds; miscellany.","Speeches and addresses, memoranda books,\n                  clippings, miscellany, estate.","Correspondence with institutions, 1916-1973;\n                  letters of recommendation; greeting cards; accounts,\n                  1934-1974; financial records, 1930-1974.","University of Arkansas, 1924-1925; Columbia\n                  University, 1926-1943; design consultant, 1928-1936;\n                  Washington-Lee High School, 1943-1959; Virginia 350th\n                  Anniversary Commission, 1953-1958; speeches;\n                  biographical; clippings; magazine articles;\n                  notebooks; notes; miscellany.","Red Cross, 1921; Switzerland, 1931; Syvlia Hill,\n                  1943-1959; King William 250th Anniversary Committee,\n                  1952-195?.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1961-1967 and minute books,\n                  1812-1843, 1936-1952; scrapbooks; directory;\n                  memoranda book; essays and lines of verse","Genealogical notes; clippings; miscellany;\n                  estate","Mollie Burnley; Eleanor Gwathmey, 1842-1931; John\n               Hill Gwathmey, 1798-1839; Joseph Hardin Gwathmey,\n               1878-1945; Washington Gwathmey; William Gwathmey,\n               1875-1920; William Henry Gwathmey, 1819-1886; Mary\n               Overton (Burnley) Meaux; Anna Maria (Garnett) Ryland,\n               1826-1951; John Newton Ryland; unidentified and family;\n               miscellany."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to cite, quote, or reproduce for publication\n            must be obtained in writing from the Senior Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to cite, quote, or reproduce for publication\n            must be obtained in writing from the Senior Archivist."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePapers of Joseph Gwathmey\n         (1754-1824), planter, major in the Virginia militia, and\n         deacon of Beulah Baptist Church, consist chiefly of records\n         for his estate. Papers of William Gwathmey (1794-1875),\n         planter and physician, trustee for Beulah Baptist Church,\n         include diaries, 1833- 1874 (20 v.), primarily concerning\n         weather conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physician's visits, and church activities (Civil War diaries\n         provide his views on the war and document local events);\n         correspondence, 1819-1875, with family members, many\n         concerning church activities; accounts books, 1825-1875 (3\n         v.), for farming operations and physician's services\n         (containing also records of family and slave births); loose\n         accounts, 1833-1875; deeds and bonds, 1818-1873; and Beulah\n         Church records, 1829-1872. Papers of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1846-1918), planter, insurance agent, and superintendent of\n         King William County schools, include diaries, 1872 and 1910;\n         correspondence, 1885-1918, chiefly with family members; and\n         account books, 1887-1917 (2 v.), concerning farm operations.\n         Papers of John Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), planter, include\n         correspondence, 1918- 1982, chiefly with family; account\n         books, 1951-1980, concerning farming operations; accounts,\n         1919-1982; checks and bank statements; and materials\n         concerning the creation of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial\n         Foundation. Papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey (1879-1979),\n         insurance agent, include correspondence, 1913-1975, with\n         family; account books, accounts, and bank records, 1916-1979;\n         and business records, 1921-1970, documenting her career in New\n         York City and King William County, and include account books\n         and client files. Papers of Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974),\n         teacher and artist, include correspondence, 1910-1973;\n         accounts, 1930-1974; school notes, artwork, and materials\n         documenting her work with the Virginia 350th Anniversary\n         Commission.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Joseph Gwathmey\n         (1754-1824), planter, major in the Virginia militia, and\n         deacon of Beulah Baptist Church, consist chiefly of records\n         for his estate. Papers of William Gwathmey (1794-1875),\n         planter and physician, trustee for Beulah Baptist Church,\n         include diaries, 1833- 1874 (20 v.), primarily concerning\n         weather conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physician's visits, and church activities (Civil War diaries\n         provide his views on the war and document local events);\n         correspondence, 1819-1875, with family members, many\n         concerning church activities; accounts books, 1825-1875 (3\n         v.), for farming operations and physician's services\n         (containing also records of family and slave births); loose\n         accounts, 1833-1875; deeds and bonds, 1818-1873; and Beulah\n         Church records, 1829-1872. Papers of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1846-1918), planter, insurance agent, and superintendent of\n         King William County schools, include diaries, 1872 and 1910;\n         correspondence, 1885-1918, chiefly with family members; and\n         account books, 1887-1917 (2 v.), concerning farm operations.\n         Papers of John Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), planter, include\n         correspondence, 1918- 1982, chiefly with family; account\n         books, 1951-1980, concerning farming operations; accounts,\n         1919-1982; checks and bank statements; and materials\n         concerning the creation of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial\n         Foundation. Papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey (1879-1979),\n         insurance agent, include correspondence, 1913-1975, with\n         family; account books, accounts, and bank records, 1916-1979;\n         and business records, 1921-1970, documenting her career in New\n         York City and King William County, and include account books\n         and client files. Papers of Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974),\n         teacher and artist, include correspondence, 1910-1973;\n         accounts, 1930-1974; school notes, artwork, and materials\n         documenting her work with the Virginia 350th Anniversary\n         Commission."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00007_c02_c03"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00003_c03_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Account books, \n                  \n                  1845-1868","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00003_c03_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868; tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2 v.).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00003_c03_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00003_c03_c04","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00003_c03_c04"],"id":"vihi_vih00003_c03_c04","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00003","_root_":"vihi_vih00003","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00003_c03","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00003_c03","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00003","vihi_vih00003_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00003","vihi_vih00003_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","Series 3: William Gray and Co. \n               \n               1833-1874"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","Series 3: William Gray and Co. \n               \n               1833-1874"],"text":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","Series 3: William Gray and Co. \n               \n               1833-1874","Account books, \n                  \n                  1845-1868","Box 20","Cash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.)."],"title_filing_ssi":"Account books, \n                   \n                  1845-1868","title_ssm":["Account books, \n                  \n                  1845-1868"],"title_tesim":["Account books, \n                  \n                  1845-1868"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Account books, \n                  \n                  1845-1868"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":7,"containers_ssim":["Box 20"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00003","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00003","_root_":"vihi_vih00003","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00003.xml","title_ssm":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"title_tesim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 G7952 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 G7952 a FA2","William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Bank of Virginia.","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- Richmond --\n         History -- 19th century.","England -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Fugitive slaves -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Gray, William, 1793-1873.","Harris, Joseph H., d. 1858.","Lynching -- Tennessee -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester (Va.) -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester Methodist Episcopal Church\n         (Va.)","New York (N.Y.) -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Panic (Finance) -- Virginia -- 1837.","Richmond (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","Secession.","Slaves -- Employment.","Tobacco industry -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Tobacco workers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865\n         -- Foreign public opinion.","Virginia -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","William Gray and Co. (Manchester, Va.)","4,000 (ca.) items","Collection open to all researchers.","Arranged in three series. The personal correspondence in\n         Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. The\n         business correspondence in Series 2 and Series 3 is arranged\n         alphabetically within year. Other materials grouped by\n         material type (i.e., accounts, legal documents) and arranged\n         chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically.","Alphabetical by year","Chronological.","Chronological.","William Gray was a prominent tobacco shipper and\n         manufacturer associated with several firms in Manchester, Va.\n         Born in Prince Edward County, Gray moved to Manchester (part\n         of Chesterfield County incorporated into the city of Richmond\n         in 1910), around 1810. In 1821, Gray became a partner in Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey and, twelve years later, established his own\n         firm, Willima Gray \u0026 Co. He directed the company's\n         operations until his death in 1863.","Letters received by William Gray \u0026 Co. are typical of\n         those written by factors; they acknowledge the receipt of\n         tobacco shipments and of drafts on account and give the\n         general market conditions as well as the status of the\n         manufacturer's brands. Many 1837 letters, especially those of\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co., describe the financial panic of\n         that year. A letter from D. W. Kennedy of the Northern Bank of\n         Tennessee on 2 February 1858 describes the murder of Gray's\n         partner, Joseph H. Harris, and subsequent lynching of the\n         accused slave. An 1859 letter from the New York firm of\n         Sawyer, Wallace \u0026 Co. discusses northern reaction to the\n         capture and execution of John Brown.","Through the Gilliat houses of London and Liverpool, Gray's\n         tobacco reached markets in continental Europe and Africa.\n         Because of this, Gilliat's letters often discuss the\n         international climate and its effect on the tobacco market.\n         These letters are especially noteworthy during the 1861-1863\n         period, when they give a good assessment of English merchant\n         opinion and reaction to secession, Lincoln's call for troops,\n         the blockade, and the Trent Affair. Occasionally, personal\n         letters appear among this correspondence; in 1858, for\n         example, Algernon Gilliat toured the United States and wrote\n         Gray concerning his observations and reactions.","A 1 Jan. 1868 letter from Methodist minister James A.\n         Riddick concerns Reconstruction and the Underwood convention.\n         Another from Methodist minister, William B. Rowzie, describes\n         conditions in Danville in the final days of the Civil War.","In 1821, William Gray entered into partnership with his\n         brother, James Gray, and Loring Young Pankey, in operating a\n         tobacco shipping and manufacturing firm under the name Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey. The company's papers, filed in box 7, include\n         letters, accounts, and miscellany. Several accounts pertain to\n         the purchase of cotton. Miscellany includes shipping\n         agreements and a power of attorney.","The papers of William Gray \u0026 Co., which constitute the\n         bulk of this collection, consist of letters, accounts, checks,\n         tobacco circulars, prices-current and cash and tobacco receipt\n         books. Letters, which are arranged alphabetically by year, are\n         primarily from northern and European tobacco agents (or\n         \"factors\"). Major factors include: William H. Gilliat and its\n         successor John K. Gilliat \u0026 Co. (London and Liverpool),\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co. (New York), and John Wilson \u0026\n         Co. (New York). A more extensive, although by no means\n         complete, index of Gray's correspondents appears below.\n         Although primarily a shipper of tobacco, Gray was involved at\n         various times in its manufacture, and there are some letters\n         addressed to Samuel Hardgrove \u0026 Co., a manufacturing firm,\n         during the 1837-1844 period. In 1856, Gray went into\n         partnership with Joseph H. Harris to establish a tobacco\n         stemmery in New Providence, Tennessee. Although Harris was\n         killed two years later, Gray retained his ties to New\n         Providence. There are letters addressed to Joseph H. Harris\n         for the years 1856 to 1858.","Financial records (boxes 14-18) include both accounts\n         receivable from tobacco purchasers and accounts payable for\n         tobacco and factory expenses. These are arranged\n         chronologically. Cash books list deposits and withdrawals from\n         the Bank of Virginia, 1845-1853, and the National Exchange\n         Bank, 1865-1868. The tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris\n         \u0026 Co. contain only several entries and are undated,\n         although they would be from the 1856-1858 period. Listings of\n         prices-current, mostly from Liverpool, Mobile and New Orleans,\n         contain market information on tobacco and other commodities,\n         particularly cotton. Circulars are mostly from Liverpool and\n         New York and pertain primarily to tobacco and cotton.","The folder of miscellany (box 21) contains several items of\n         note. These include: an 1825 petition to establish a boarding\n         house in Manchester, an 1834 order to Richmond's City\n         Sergeant, a bill of complaint for Howard \u0026 Lawrence v.\n         Winchester's executors, an insurance policy and financial\n         statements of the Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, report\n         cards for two of Gray's children from Randolph-Macon College\n         (1859- 1861 and 1870-1871), and an order to E. H. Ripley from\n         Richmond Provost Marshal Frederick L. Manning (USA) on April\n         3, 1865.","Letters, 1833-1873.","Letters, 1819-1827; accounts, 1819-1832; agreements\n               and powers of attorney, 1819-1827.","Cash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.).","None","Collection contains letters,\n         1833-1873, written to William Gray as a director of the Bank\n         of Virginia, officer of the Manchester Methodist Episcopal\n         Church, trustee of the town of Manchester, Va., justice of the\n         peace for Chesterfield County, Va., and owner of William Gray\n         \u0026 Co. (a tobacco manufacturing and shipping firm).\n         Correspondence in part concerns the tobacco trade and hiring\n         out slaves to Richmond tobacco factories; fugitive slaves and\n         free blacks; and the education of children. Also includes\n         letters, 1833-1874, accounts, banking records, and other\n         business records of William Gray \u0026 Co., in part concerning\n         tobacco agents primarily in London, Eng., and New York City,\n         the financial Panic of 1837, the murder of Gray's partner,\n         Joseph H. Harris, by a slave in New Providence, Tenn. (who was\n         subsequently lynched), and European reaction to secession and\n         the American Civil War.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 G7952 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"collection_ssim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Robert B. Mayo, Richmond, Va., in 1986.\n            Accessioned 25 July 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Bank of Virginia.","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- Richmond --\n         History -- 19th century.","England -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Fugitive slaves -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Gray, William, 1793-1873.","Harris, Joseph H., d. 1858.","Lynching -- Tennessee -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester (Va.) -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester Methodist Episcopal Church\n         (Va.)","New York (N.Y.) -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Panic (Finance) -- Virginia -- 1837.","Richmond (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","Secession.","Slaves -- Employment.","Tobacco industry -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Tobacco workers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865\n         -- Foreign public opinion.","Virginia -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","William Gray and Co. (Manchester, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Bank of Virginia.","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- Richmond --\n         History -- 19th century.","England -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Fugitive slaves -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Gray, William, 1793-1873.","Harris, Joseph H., d. 1858.","Lynching -- Tennessee -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester (Va.) -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester Methodist Episcopal Church\n         (Va.)","New York (N.Y.) -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Panic (Finance) -- Virginia -- 1837.","Richmond (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","Secession.","Slaves -- Employment.","Tobacco industry -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Tobacco workers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865\n         -- Foreign public opinion.","Virginia -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","William Gray and Co. (Manchester, Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4,000 (ca.) items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in three series. The personal correspondence in\n         Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. The\n         business correspondence in Series 2 and Series 3 is arranged\n         alphabetically within year. Other materials grouped by\n         material type (i.e., accounts, legal documents) and arranged\n         chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by year\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in three series. The personal correspondence in\n         Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. The\n         business correspondence in Series 2 and Series 3 is arranged\n         alphabetically within year. Other materials grouped by\n         material type (i.e., accounts, legal documents) and arranged\n         chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically.","Alphabetical by year","Chronological.","Chronological."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gray was a prominent tobacco shipper and\n         manufacturer associated with several firms in Manchester, Va.\n         Born in Prince Edward County, Gray moved to Manchester (part\n         of Chesterfield County incorporated into the city of Richmond\n         in 1910), around 1810. In 1821, Gray became a partner in Gray\n         \u0026amp; Pankey and, twelve years later, established his own\n         firm, Willima Gray \u0026amp; Co. He directed the company's\n         operations until his death in 1863.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Gray was a prominent tobacco shipper and\n         manufacturer associated with several firms in Manchester, Va.\n         Born in Prince Edward County, Gray moved to Manchester (part\n         of Chesterfield County incorporated into the city of Richmond\n         in 1910), around 1810. In 1821, Gray became a partner in Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey and, twelve years later, established his own\n         firm, Willima Gray \u0026 Co. He directed the company's\n         operations until his death in 1863."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gray Papers, 1819-1874 (Mss1 G7952 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["William Gray Papers, 1819-1874 (Mss1 G7952 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters received by William Gray \u0026amp; Co. are typical of\n         those written by factors; they acknowledge the receipt of\n         tobacco shipments and of drafts on account and give the\n         general market conditions as well as the status of the\n         manufacturer's brands. Many 1837 letters, especially those of\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026amp; Co., describe the financial panic of\n         that year. A letter from D. W. Kennedy of the Northern Bank of\n         Tennessee on 2 February 1858 describes the murder of Gray's\n         partner, Joseph H. Harris, and subsequent lynching of the\n         accused slave. An 1859 letter from the New York firm of\n         Sawyer, Wallace \u0026amp; Co. discusses northern reaction to the\n         capture and execution of John Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough the Gilliat houses of London and Liverpool, Gray's\n         tobacco reached markets in continental Europe and Africa.\n         Because of this, Gilliat's letters often discuss the\n         international climate and its effect on the tobacco market.\n         These letters are especially noteworthy during the 1861-1863\n         period, when they give a good assessment of English merchant\n         opinion and reaction to secession, Lincoln's call for troops,\n         the blockade, and the Trent Affair. Occasionally, personal\n         letters appear among this correspondence; in 1858, for\n         example, Algernon Gilliat toured the United States and wrote\n         Gray concerning his observations and reactions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 1 Jan. 1868 letter from Methodist minister James A.\n         Riddick concerns Reconstruction and the Underwood convention.\n         Another from Methodist minister, William B. Rowzie, describes\n         conditions in Danville in the final days of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1821, William Gray entered into partnership with his\n         brother, James Gray, and Loring Young Pankey, in operating a\n         tobacco shipping and manufacturing firm under the name Gray\n         \u0026amp; Pankey. The company's papers, filed in box 7, include\n         letters, accounts, and miscellany. Several accounts pertain to\n         the purchase of cotton. Miscellany includes shipping\n         agreements and a power of attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of William Gray \u0026amp; Co., which constitute the\n         bulk of this collection, consist of letters, accounts, checks,\n         tobacco circulars, prices-current and cash and tobacco receipt\n         books. Letters, which are arranged alphabetically by year, are\n         primarily from northern and European tobacco agents (or\n         \"factors\"). Major factors include: William H. Gilliat and its\n         successor John K. Gilliat \u0026amp; Co. (London and Liverpool),\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026amp; Co. (New York), and John Wilson \u0026amp;\n         Co. (New York). A more extensive, although by no means\n         complete, index of Gray's correspondents appears below.\n         Although primarily a shipper of tobacco, Gray was involved at\n         various times in its manufacture, and there are some letters\n         addressed to Samuel Hardgrove \u0026amp; Co., a manufacturing firm,\n         during the 1837-1844 period. In 1856, Gray went into\n         partnership with Joseph H. Harris to establish a tobacco\n         stemmery in New Providence, Tennessee. Although Harris was\n         killed two years later, Gray retained his ties to New\n         Providence. There are letters addressed to Joseph H. Harris\n         for the years 1856 to 1858.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records (boxes 14-18) include both accounts\n         receivable from tobacco purchasers and accounts payable for\n         tobacco and factory expenses. These are arranged\n         chronologically. Cash books list deposits and withdrawals from\n         the Bank of Virginia, 1845-1853, and the National Exchange\n         Bank, 1865-1868. The tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris\n         \u0026amp; Co. contain only several entries and are undated,\n         although they would be from the 1856-1858 period. Listings of\n         prices-current, mostly from Liverpool, Mobile and New Orleans,\n         contain market information on tobacco and other commodities,\n         particularly cotton. Circulars are mostly from Liverpool and\n         New York and pertain primarily to tobacco and cotton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder of miscellany (box 21) contains several items of\n         note. These include: an 1825 petition to establish a boarding\n         house in Manchester, an 1834 order to Richmond's City\n         Sergeant, a bill of complaint for Howard \u0026amp; Lawrence v.\n         Winchester's executors, an insurance policy and financial\n         statements of the Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, report\n         cards for two of Gray's children from Randolph-Macon College\n         (1859- 1861 and 1870-1871), and an order to E. H. Ripley from\n         Richmond Provost Marshal Frederick L. Manning (USA) on April\n         3, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1833-1873.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1819-1827; accounts, 1819-1832; agreements\n               and powers of attorney, 1819-1827.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters received by William Gray \u0026 Co. are typical of\n         those written by factors; they acknowledge the receipt of\n         tobacco shipments and of drafts on account and give the\n         general market conditions as well as the status of the\n         manufacturer's brands. Many 1837 letters, especially those of\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co., describe the financial panic of\n         that year. A letter from D. W. Kennedy of the Northern Bank of\n         Tennessee on 2 February 1858 describes the murder of Gray's\n         partner, Joseph H. Harris, and subsequent lynching of the\n         accused slave. An 1859 letter from the New York firm of\n         Sawyer, Wallace \u0026 Co. discusses northern reaction to the\n         capture and execution of John Brown.","Through the Gilliat houses of London and Liverpool, Gray's\n         tobacco reached markets in continental Europe and Africa.\n         Because of this, Gilliat's letters often discuss the\n         international climate and its effect on the tobacco market.\n         These letters are especially noteworthy during the 1861-1863\n         period, when they give a good assessment of English merchant\n         opinion and reaction to secession, Lincoln's call for troops,\n         the blockade, and the Trent Affair. Occasionally, personal\n         letters appear among this correspondence; in 1858, for\n         example, Algernon Gilliat toured the United States and wrote\n         Gray concerning his observations and reactions.","A 1 Jan. 1868 letter from Methodist minister James A.\n         Riddick concerns Reconstruction and the Underwood convention.\n         Another from Methodist minister, William B. Rowzie, describes\n         conditions in Danville in the final days of the Civil War.","In 1821, William Gray entered into partnership with his\n         brother, James Gray, and Loring Young Pankey, in operating a\n         tobacco shipping and manufacturing firm under the name Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey. The company's papers, filed in box 7, include\n         letters, accounts, and miscellany. Several accounts pertain to\n         the purchase of cotton. Miscellany includes shipping\n         agreements and a power of attorney.","The papers of William Gray \u0026 Co., which constitute the\n         bulk of this collection, consist of letters, accounts, checks,\n         tobacco circulars, prices-current and cash and tobacco receipt\n         books. Letters, which are arranged alphabetically by year, are\n         primarily from northern and European tobacco agents (or\n         \"factors\"). Major factors include: William H. Gilliat and its\n         successor John K. Gilliat \u0026 Co. (London and Liverpool),\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co. (New York), and John Wilson \u0026\n         Co. (New York). A more extensive, although by no means\n         complete, index of Gray's correspondents appears below.\n         Although primarily a shipper of tobacco, Gray was involved at\n         various times in its manufacture, and there are some letters\n         addressed to Samuel Hardgrove \u0026 Co., a manufacturing firm,\n         during the 1837-1844 period. In 1856, Gray went into\n         partnership with Joseph H. Harris to establish a tobacco\n         stemmery in New Providence, Tennessee. Although Harris was\n         killed two years later, Gray retained his ties to New\n         Providence. There are letters addressed to Joseph H. Harris\n         for the years 1856 to 1858.","Financial records (boxes 14-18) include both accounts\n         receivable from tobacco purchasers and accounts payable for\n         tobacco and factory expenses. These are arranged\n         chronologically. Cash books list deposits and withdrawals from\n         the Bank of Virginia, 1845-1853, and the National Exchange\n         Bank, 1865-1868. The tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris\n         \u0026 Co. contain only several entries and are undated,\n         although they would be from the 1856-1858 period. Listings of\n         prices-current, mostly from Liverpool, Mobile and New Orleans,\n         contain market information on tobacco and other commodities,\n         particularly cotton. Circulars are mostly from Liverpool and\n         New York and pertain primarily to tobacco and cotton.","The folder of miscellany (box 21) contains several items of\n         note. These include: an 1825 petition to establish a boarding\n         house in Manchester, an 1834 order to Richmond's City\n         Sergeant, a bill of complaint for Howard \u0026 Lawrence v.\n         Winchester's executors, an insurance policy and financial\n         statements of the Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, report\n         cards for two of Gray's children from Randolph-Macon College\n         (1859- 1861 and 1870-1871), and an order to E. H. Ripley from\n         Richmond Provost Marshal Frederick L. Manning (USA) on April\n         3, 1865.","Letters, 1833-1873.","Letters, 1819-1827; accounts, 1819-1832; agreements\n               and powers of attorney, 1819-1827.","Cash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection contains letters,\n         1833-1873, written to William Gray as a director of the Bank\n         of Virginia, officer of the Manchester Methodist Episcopal\n         Church, trustee of the town of Manchester, Va., justice of the\n         peace for Chesterfield County, Va., and owner of William Gray\n         \u0026amp; Co. (a tobacco manufacturing and shipping firm).\n         Correspondence in part concerns the tobacco trade and hiring\n         out slaves to Richmond tobacco factories; fugitive slaves and\n         free blacks; and the education of children. Also includes\n         letters, 1833-1874, accounts, banking records, and other\n         business records of William Gray \u0026amp; Co., in part concerning\n         tobacco agents primarily in London, Eng., and New York City,\n         the financial Panic of 1837, the murder of Gray's partner,\n         Joseph H. Harris, by a slave in New Providence, Tenn. (who was\n         subsequently lynched), and European reaction to secession and\n         the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection contains letters,\n         1833-1873, written to William Gray as a director of the Bank\n         of Virginia, officer of the Manchester Methodist Episcopal\n         Church, trustee of the town of Manchester, Va., justice of the\n         peace for Chesterfield County, Va., and owner of William Gray\n         \u0026 Co. (a tobacco manufacturing and shipping firm).\n         Correspondence in part concerns the tobacco trade and hiring\n         out slaves to Richmond tobacco factories; fugitive slaves and\n         free blacks; and the education of children. Also includes\n         letters, 1833-1874, accounts, banking records, and other\n         business records of William Gray \u0026 Co., in part concerning\n         tobacco agents primarily in London, Eng., and New York City,\n         the financial Panic of 1837, the murder of Gray's partner,\n         Joseph H. Harris, by a slave in New Providence, Tenn. (who was\n         subsequently lynched), and European reaction to secession and\n         the American Civil War."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00003_c03_c04"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00007_c12_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Account books, \n                  \n                  1951-1980","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00007_c12_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAccount books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963, 1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953; employee hours book.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00007_c12_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00007_c12_c03","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00007_c12_c03"],"id":"vihi_vih00007_c12_c03","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00007","_root_":"vihi_vih00007","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00007_c12","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00007_c12","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00007","vihi_vih00007_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00007","vihi_vih00007_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Series 12: John Ryland Gwathmey\n               (1888-1982), \"Burlington,\" King William County, Va. \n               \n               1916-1982"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Series 12: John Ryland Gwathmey\n               (1888-1982), \"Burlington,\" King William County, Va. \n               \n               1916-1982"],"text":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Series 12: John Ryland Gwathmey\n               (1888-1982), \"Burlington,\" King William County, Va. \n               \n               1916-1982","Account books, \n                  \n                  1951-1980","Box 17","Account books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book."],"title_filing_ssi":"Account books, \n                   \n                  1951-1980","title_ssm":["Account books, \n                  \n                  1951-1980"],"title_tesim":["Account books, \n                  \n                  1951-1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Account books, \n                  \n                  1951-1980"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":23,"containers_ssim":["Box 17"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccount books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Account books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book."],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00007","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00007","_root_":"vihi_vih00007","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00007","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00007.xml","title_ssm":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"title_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 G9957 c FA2"],"text":["Mss1 G9957 c FA2","Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982","Agriculture","Baptists","Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation","Gwathmey family","Plantation life","Slavery","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal\n         narratives, Confederate","10,000 (ca.) items.","Collection is open for use.","Arranged into fifteen sections by creator.","This collection represents four generations of this\n         prominent King William County family. From their family seat\n         at \"Burlington,\" the Gwathmey's were active in the political,\n         social, and religious life of the county for more than two\n         centuries.","Joseph Hardin Gwathmey and his wife, Jeannette Garnett\n         (Ryland) Gwathmey, had five children, three of whom, John\n         Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), Anna Garnett Gwathmey\n         (1879-1979), and Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883- 1974), are\n         prominent in this collection.","With the exception of the years he spent at Virginia\n         Polytechnic Institute (Now Virginia Polytechnic University and\n         State University), John Ryland Gwathmey spent his entire life\n         at \"Burlington.\" John Ryland Gwathmey supervised farming and\n         timber operations on the family estate and appraised real\n         estate in King William and nearby counties. He was also a\n         member of the county board of supervisors and of Beulah\n         Baptist Church.","The collection begins with the papers of Joseph Gwathmey,\n         (1758-1824), a planter, major in the state militia, and deacon\n         of the Beulah Baptist Church. These records consist of an\n         account book, loose accounts, and estate materials. Major\n         Gwathmey's account book also contains records of his\n         children's births and lists of horses. Most of his papers,\n         however, concern his estate and include the records of\n         executors, Richard Gwathmey (1789-1866), John Hill Gwathmey\n         (1798-1839), and William Gwathmey (1794-1875). Two accounts\n         books contain copies of Joseph Gwathmey's will, inventories,\n         appraisals, and accounts and expenses. Loose estate materials\n         include accounts, inventories, an indenture selling land to\n         Nathaniel Boush Hill, and an 1836 appraisal of slaves.","The papers of William Gwathmey are found in boxes 2-7.\n         William Gwathmey inherited \"Wakefield,\" but moved to\n         \"Burlington\" upon the death of his brother, John Hill\n         Gwathmey, in 1839. A planter and physician, Gwathmey was also\n         a trustee of the Beulah Baptist Church.","Dr. Gwathmey's papers begin with a diary of his journey to\n         St. Augustine, Florida, with his wife and sister-in-law,\n         Hardinia M. Burnley, from 1833 to 1834. Other diaries follow;\n         a complete list of these appears in the guide that follows\n         this description. The diaries, many of which are kept in\n         copies of Richardson's Almanac, mostly concern weather\n         conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physicians's visits, and church activities. The pages of an\n         1837 diary describe a trip to New Orleans and southwest\n         Louisiana. Entries in the 1852 diary concern a medical\n         conference in Richmond (Apr. 28, May 5) and the presidential\n         election of that year (Nov. 9). The 1859 diary describes\n         hiring day in Ayletts (Jan. 1) and election day (May 26).","Diaries from the Civil War years not only provide\n         Gwathmey's views on the war, but also document local events.\n         Several 1863 entries describe the appearance of Northern units\n         in King William (January 8 and June 5), as well as the baptism\n         of slaves at Beulah (Sept. 6). Entries for 1864 describe the\n         arrival of Union troops at Ayletts (Mar. 1-2), the doctoring\n         of wounded soldiers, and the occupation of \"Burlington\" (May\n         22- 29). Several 1866 entries concern Reconstruction (Feb. 27,\n         May 31, June 12-18). These last entries concern formal charges\n         bought against a neighbor for mistreating a former slave.","Boxes 3-5 contain the correspondence of William Gwathmey.\n         Most of this consists of letters from family members,\n         including Joseph Robert Garlick, Frances Fielding (Lewis)\n         Gwathmey, Lucy Ann (Garlick) Gwathmey, Richard Gwathmey,\n         Washington Gwathmey, and William Henry Gwathmey. Many of these\n         letters concern the activities of Beulah Church. Significant\n         correspondence incudes the letters of Gwathmey's\n         brother-in-law, Edwin Burnley, who apparently deserted his\n         wife and went to Mississippi. These letters document his\n         divorce and attempts to transfer slaves to his new home. The\n         letters of another brother-in-law, Dr. Thomas Meaux, concern\n         medicine and phyhsicians. Thomas Witt Haynes writes concerning\n         WG's son Richard Brooke Gwathmeyh, who served in the 9th\n         Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Letters with Alexander\n         Fleet pertain to Gwathmey's brief service in the Ware of 1812,\n         for which WG was applying for a pension. An 1865 letter from\n         richard Gwathmey describes the Richmond fire, while an 1837\n         letter describes a trip to Chicago, Ill.","Three accounts books follow. The first two are indexed and\n         primarily consist of accounts with patients, but they also\n         include records of family births, servant births, lists of\n         livestock, and accounts with the estate of Joseph Gwathmey.\n         The second account book also contains accounts, 1875-1895, of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey. The third account book, 1870-1875,\n         contains contracts and accounts with farm hands.","Loose accounts begin in box 7. These are followed by deeds\n         and bonds, most of which concern land, but which also include\n         an indenture to a former slave, Sylvia Hill, granting her\n         ownership of her house. Beulah Baptist Church records consist\n         of lists of subscriptions, a commonplace book, eulogies for\n         Hardin Burnley (1804?-1869), John William Garlick\n         (1823?-1866), Edward Hill (d. 1870) and James Trice.\n         Miscellaneous materials include photocopies concerning\n         Gwathmey's 1812 service and a pass, 1864, signed by James\n         Alexander Seddon (1815-1880).","The correspondence of Elizabeth Theresa (Burnley) Gwathmey\n         (1806-1879), wife of William Gwathmey, consists mostly of\n         letters written by her children. Among those are the letters\n         of Mary Atwood Gwathmey, which describe her visit to cousins\n         in Mississippi in 1856 and 1857.","The collection contains materials of seven of William and\n         Elizabeth (Burnley) Gwathmey's children. The papers of Richard\n         Brooke Gwathmey (1838-1864), a soldier in the 9th Virginia\n         Cavalry during the Civil War, and William Gwathmey (1840-1858)\n         are located in box 8. Also in box 8 are several diaries of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1846-1918), who inherited \"Burlington\"\n         upon the death of his father in 1875. Gwathmey, an agent for\n         the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, also served as\n         superintendent of King William County Schools.","Gwathmey's general correspondence is mostly with friends\n         and family members, but also includes a letter signed by\n         Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1881-1944), as Assistant Secretary\n         of the Navy, thanking Gwathmey for the loan of his binoculars\n         to the U. S. Navy during the First World War. Account books\n         concern farming operations and include accounts with far\n         laborers. Loose accounts include receipts from the King\n         William County Grange. Records concerning Gwathmey's\n         superintendency of King William schools consist mostly of\n         certificates, but also include a statistical report, ca. 1905,\n         detailing conditions in the system.","The papers of Jeannette Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey\n         (1847-1915), wife of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, consist of\n         diaries, memoranda and scrapbooks, correspondence, and\n         miscellany. The diaries mostly concern the weather and her\n         church activities, but the 1905 volume also contains notes on\n         the Garnett family. Her memoranda book contains notes on the\n         Peachey, Ryland, and Griffin families.","The papers of Owen Overton Gwathmey (1849-1922), Elizabeth\n         Burnley Gwathmey (b. 1818), Hardinia Morris Gwathmey\n         (1832-1905), and Mary Atwood Gwathmey (1834-1868) are located\n         in boxes 11 and 12. Owen Overton Gwathmey was a lawyer and\n         judge of the King William Circuit Court. Among his papers are\n         deeds of land to Gwathmey in his capacity as trustee for\n         Beulah Baptist Church. His miscellany includes the wills of\n         Sylvia Hill (d. 1906) and Phillis Garlick, both of King\n         William County.","Gwathmey's papers begin with general correspondence, which\n         is mostly with family members. Frequent correspondents include\n         his sisters, Anna Garnett Gwathmey and Mary Burnley Gwathmey,\n         Eleanor Gwathmey (Powell) Dewey, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1878-1945), Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Lewis\n         Franklin Powell, associate justice of the United States\n         Supreme Court. Many of Powell's letters concern the\n         Burlington- Gwathmey Memorial Foundation, but have been filed\n         together with the general correspondence. Form letters consist\n         mostly of appeals from charitable and political organizations.\n         Greeting cards and invitations conclude this box.","Box 17 contains account books. Three of these concern\n         farming operations at \"Burlington.\" Financial records consist\n         almost entirely of bank statements and federal income and\n         property tax returns. Other financial records relate to life\n         and health insurance and trust funds, including statements and\n         accounts of the Burlington Cemetery Trust Fund.","In the late 1970's, \"Burlington\" was added to the Virginia\n         Landmarks Register. Correspondence with the Virginia Historic\n         Landmarks Commission concerns the establishment of landmark\n         status, the granting of an open space easement, and the\n         awarding of a preservation grant and subsequent restoration.\n         In 1977, the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation was\n         established to maintain the family estate after the death of\n         John Ryland Gwathmey. Foundation materials include acts of\n         incorporation and correspondence, primarily with lawyers.","Box 30 begins with letters and census reports from the\n         Department of Agriculture concerning farming operations at\n         \"Burlington.\" Materials pertaining to timber include reports,\n         agreement, and accounts with lumber mills. These are followed\n         by land records, mostly deeds of lease, concerning other land\n         owned by JRG, including a house in Ayletts known as\n         \"Gwathmey's,\" and \"Meadow Farm,\" the estate adjacent to\n         \"Burlington.\"","John Ryland Gwathmey served as chairman of the industrial\n         and Rural Utilities Committee of the Ruritan Club of King\n         William County. These papers mostly concern the publication of\n         a promotional pamphlet, King William Invites You, and consist\n         of correspondence and drafts of the manuscript. Materials from\n         JRG's tenure as a member of the county's board of supervisors\n         also primarily concern industrial growth and include a\n         consultant's 1970 water and sewerage report. Appraisals of\n         farms in King William and surrounding counties, conducted by\n         JRG, conclude box 31. Papers relating to JRG's service as\n         trustee and clerk of the Beulah Baptist Church concern\n         subscriptions and renovations to the building. These precede\n         student composition books, clippings, and miscellany.","The papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey begin with general\n         correspondence (boxes 33-36). Much of this is with her sister,\n         Mary Burnley Gwathmey, from 1921-1926. Other frequent\n         correspondents include family members: Alice R. Campbell,\n         Jeannette O. Campbell, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1878-1945),\n         Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Laura Virginia\n         (Gwathmey) Young. Box 37 contains correspondence with\n         institutions, greeting cards, invitations, account books, and\n         accounts. Financial records consist of bank statement and\n         checks and investment, tax, and insurance records.","Materials in boxes 41-45 document Anna Garnett Gwathmey's\n         career as a general insurance agent in both New York City and\n         King William County. These begin with five account books, a\n         rate book, and a folder of unanswered solicitations. Client\n         files consist of correspondence, claim forms, invoices, and\n         policies with individual policy holders. These are arranged\n         alphabetically. Records from the various insurance companies\n         that AGG represented follow. These consist of letters and\n         memoranda from the companies, commission statements, forms,\n         bulletins, and promotional materials. Memoranda and rate\n         quotes from the Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service,\n         performance bonds, and miscellany conclude this section.","Materials concerning a patent search consist of reports and\n         copies of patents on stockings. Letters and miscellany of New\n         York's Three Arts Club pertain to a 1937 benefit bridge\n         tournament and dance. Speeches and addresses are mostly from a\n         public speaking class. Miscellany includes cards of airplane\n         silhouettes, used to test the accuracy of aircraft spotters\n         during World War II. Sympathy letters addressed to John Ryland\n         Gwathmey and estate materials conclude the papers of Anna\n         Garnett Gwathmey.","Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974) graduated from Woman's\n         College (now Westhampton College, University of Richmond), in\n         1904. Her general correspondence is located in boxes 47 and 48\n         and includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd (1887-1966)\n         concerning the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Mamie\n         Geneva (Doud) Eisenhower concerning Virginia Democrats for\n         Eisenhower in 1952, New York Congressman Carfoline Love\n         Goodwin O'Day, and Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt\n         concerning a request for an appointment. Correspondence with\n         institutions dates mostly from MBG's years in New York.","Boxes 49 to 51 pertain to MBG's career as an artist and\n         designer, begfinning with her papers as a teacher at the\n         University of Arkansas and as a teacher and student at\n         Columbia University's Teachers College. These primarily\n         consist of lecuture notes and notebooks. After receiving a\n         master of arts degree from Columbia in 1926, MBG worked for\n         James McCreery \u0026 Co. and James A. Hearns and Sons, both\n         New York stores. In the early 1930's, she left retaining to\n         become an independent design and fashion consultant. Records\n         docummenting MBG's career in New York mainly consist of\n         company memoranda, bulletins, brochures, layouts of display,\n         advertising materials, and newsaper clippings. In 1943, MBG\n         accedpt a position as instructor of distributive eeducation at\n         Washington-Lee High School, Arlington, Va.","Box 50 begins with materials concerning MBG's service, as a\n         consultant on merchandising, color, and design, on the\n         Virginia 350th Anniversary Commission. Thedse consist of\n         correspondence, mostly with Executive Director Parke Rouse and\n         with textile and paint companies, as well as reports,\n         memoranda, press releases, clippings, and advertising and\n         promotional materials. General art and design materials\n         follow, and include: speeches and addresses, resumes,\n         clippings, magazine articles, notes and notebooks, and\n         miscellany.","The remainder of MBG's papers are located in boxes 52-54\n         and concern her non-art related activities. These begin with a\n         few items pertaining to her work for the American Red Cross in\n         Oteen, N. C., in 1921, and a trip to Switzerland in 1931.\n         Materials concerning MBG's attempts to get funding for the\n         publication of the story of Sylvia Hill, a former slave and\n         family servant, include correspondence and application with\n         foundations and rough drafts of the book. Correspondence,\n         addresses, notes, and clippings concerning MBG's service as\n         Executive Secretary of the King William County 250th\n         Anniversary Committee follow.","Materials concerning Beulah Baptist Church mostly concern\n         MBG's writing of Beulah Baptist Church: Highlights and\n         Shadows. Copies of two of the Church's minute books are also\n         included. Two scrapbooks, a memoranda book, and telephone\n         directors follow. The first scrapbook contains clippings,\n         lines of verse, snapshots, and obituaries from the early\n         twentieth century, as well as three letters of Anna Maria\n         (Garnett) Ryland (1826-1851), one to her brother, Reuben\n         Meriwether Garnett, and two to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth\n         Ferguson (Ryland) Willis.","Genealogical records include notes on the Burnley, Garnett,\n         Gwathmey, Meaux, Rucker, Ryland, and Temple families. The\n         Gwathmey folder also contains a biographical sketch of Edward\n         Garlick Gwathmey (1839-1931) and a manuscript, \"The Gwathmey\n         Family of Virginia,\" by Mildred Bates Gwathmey. Clippings,\n         miscellany, and estate materials conclude the papers of Mary\n         Burnley Gwathmey.","Box 55 contains the papers of miscellaneous family members.\n         A complete list of these individuals is found in the guide\n         that follows this description. These items include: an\n         1870-1871 diary of Washington Gwathmey (probably kept at \"Bear\n         Island,\" Hanover County, Va.), a letter from John Newton\n         Ryland to John Meriwether Garnett concerning politics in King\n         and Queen County in 1840, and two account books, 1875-1876, of\n         Gaskins, Moncure and Co., Essex County, Va.","Account book, 1792-1824; accounts, 1790-1824;\n               estate.","Accounts, 1833-1875; deeds, indentures and bond,\n                  1818-1873; Beulah Baptist Church, 1829-1872;\n                  commonplace book; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1848-1868.","Correspondence, 1858-1864; account book, 1856-1864;\n               memoranda book, 1859-1860; accounts, 1858-1864;\n               estate.","Letters received, 1857.","Account books, 1887-1893, 1895-1917; accounts,\n                  1868-1918; and financial records, 1866-1916.","Superintendent of Schools, 1891-1906; miscellany;\n                  and estate.","Diaries (7 v.), 1874-1875, 1905, 1907, 1908-1909,\n               1912-1913, 1914; memoranda book; correspondence,\n               1867-1915; scrapbook; music scrapbook, 1914; clippings;\n               miscellany; resolutions.","Correspondence, 1899-1920; financial records,\n               1879-1916; student notebook, 1876-1877; Beulah Baptist\n               Church, 1877-1915; certificates; miscellany; estate.","Letters received, 1864-1888.","Correspondence, 1847-1867; autograph book,\n               1852-1853.","Letters received, 1857-1903; scrapbook.","Form letters; greeting cards; invitations.","Account books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.","Life and health insurance, 1970-1982; automobile\n                  insurance, 1953-1982; insurance on \"Burlington,\"\n                  1964-1982; Burlington Cemetery Trust, 1927-1982;\n                  trust fund, 1971-1982.","\"Burlington,\" 1977-1982; Burlington-Gwathmey\n                  Memorial Foundation, 1977-1982.","Farming, 1940-1982; timber, 1922-1981;\n                  \"Gwathmey's,\" 1977-1982; \"Meadow Farm,\" 1927-1962;\n                  miscellaneous deeds of lease.","Ruritan, 1950-1972; Board of Supervisors,\n                  1955-1970; real estate appraisals, 1952-1977.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1939-1970; student\n                  composition books; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence with institutions, 1913-1972;\n                  greeting cards and invitations; account books,\n                  1928-1936, 1931-1941, 1954-1960; accounts,\n                  1925-1977.","Planters National Bank, 1916-1933; Southside Bank,\n                  1926-1979; Bank of Virginia, 1955-1960; Citizens and\n                  Farmers Bank, 1961-1971.","Financial records, 1925-1966; land records,\n                  1920-1976.","Account books (5 v.): 1921, 1937, 1922-1924,\n                  1931-1944, 1936-1940; rate book, 1934; agent's\n                  letters, 1924-1967; client files, 1928-1970;\n                  insurance companies: Aetna Life Insurance Company,\n                  1931-1945; Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance\n                  Company, 1933-1958; The Penn Mutual Life Insurance\n                  Company, 1935-1952; Davenport Insurance Corporation,\n                  1937-1941; Winters-Oliver Insurance Agency,\n                  1963-1968; Royal Globe Insurance Group, 1954-1962;\n                  Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service, 1941-1965;\n                  bonds; miscellany.","Speeches and addresses, memoranda books,\n                  clippings, miscellany, estate.","Correspondence with institutions, 1916-1973;\n                  letters of recommendation; greeting cards; accounts,\n                  1934-1974; financial records, 1930-1974.","University of Arkansas, 1924-1925; Columbia\n                  University, 1926-1943; design consultant, 1928-1936;\n                  Washington-Lee High School, 1943-1959; Virginia 350th\n                  Anniversary Commission, 1953-1958; speeches;\n                  biographical; clippings; magazine articles;\n                  notebooks; notes; miscellany.","Red Cross, 1921; Switzerland, 1931; Syvlia Hill,\n                  1943-1959; King William 250th Anniversary Committee,\n                  1952-195?.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1961-1967 and minute books,\n                  1812-1843, 1936-1952; scrapbooks; directory;\n                  memoranda book; essays and lines of verse","Genealogical notes; clippings; miscellany;\n                  estate","Mollie Burnley; Eleanor Gwathmey, 1842-1931; John\n               Hill Gwathmey, 1798-1839; Joseph Hardin Gwathmey,\n               1878-1945; Washington Gwathmey; William Gwathmey,\n               1875-1920; William Henry Gwathmey, 1819-1886; Mary\n               Overton (Burnley) Meaux; Anna Maria (Garnett) Ryland,\n               1826-1951; John Newton Ryland; unidentified and family;\n               miscellany.","Permission to cite, quote, or reproduce for publication\n            must be obtained in writing from the Senior Archivist.","Papers of Joseph Gwathmey\n         (1754-1824), planter, major in the Virginia militia, and\n         deacon of Beulah Baptist Church, consist chiefly of records\n         for his estate. Papers of William Gwathmey (1794-1875),\n         planter and physician, trustee for Beulah Baptist Church,\n         include diaries, 1833- 1874 (20 v.), primarily concerning\n         weather conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physician's visits, and church activities (Civil War diaries\n         provide his views on the war and document local events);\n         correspondence, 1819-1875, with family members, many\n         concerning church activities; accounts books, 1825-1875 (3\n         v.), for farming operations and physician's services\n         (containing also records of family and slave births); loose\n         accounts, 1833-1875; deeds and bonds, 1818-1873; and Beulah\n         Church records, 1829-1872. Papers of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1846-1918), planter, insurance agent, and superintendent of\n         King William County schools, include diaries, 1872 and 1910;\n         correspondence, 1885-1918, chiefly with family members; and\n         account books, 1887-1917 (2 v.), concerning farm operations.\n         Papers of John Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), planter, include\n         correspondence, 1918- 1982, chiefly with family; account\n         books, 1951-1980, concerning farming operations; accounts,\n         1919-1982; checks and bank statements; and materials\n         concerning the creation of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial\n         Foundation. Papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey (1879-1979),\n         insurance agent, include correspondence, 1913-1975, with\n         family; account books, accounts, and bank records, 1916-1979;\n         and business records, 1921-1970, documenting her career in New\n         York City and King William County, and include account books\n         and client files. Papers of Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974),\n         teacher and artist, include correspondence, 1910-1973;\n         accounts, 1930-1974; school notes, artwork, and materials\n         documenting her work with the Virginia 350th Anniversary\n         Commission.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 G9957 c FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"collection_ssim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, \n         \n         1790-1982"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, Jeanette\n         Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey, John Ryland Gwathmey, Anna Garnett\n         Gwathmey, and Mary Burnley Gwathmey."],"creator_ssim":["Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, Jeanette\n         Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey, John Ryland Gwathmey, Anna Garnett\n         Gwathmey, and Mary Burnley Gwathmey."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation,\n            1987."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Baptists","Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation","Gwathmey family","Plantation life","Slavery","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal\n         narratives, Confederate"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Baptists","Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation","Gwathmey family","Plantation life","Slavery","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal\n         narratives, Confederate"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["10,000 (ca.) items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into fifteen sections by creator.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into fifteen sections by creator."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection represents four generations of this\n         prominent King William County family. From their family seat\n         at \"Burlington,\" the Gwathmey's were active in the political,\n         social, and religious life of the county for more than two\n         centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Hardin Gwathmey and his wife, Jeannette Garnett\n         (Ryland) Gwathmey, had five children, three of whom, John\n         Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), Anna Garnett Gwathmey\n         (1879-1979), and Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883- 1974), are\n         prominent in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the exception of the years he spent at Virginia\n         Polytechnic Institute (Now Virginia Polytechnic University and\n         State University), John Ryland Gwathmey spent his entire life\n         at \"Burlington.\" John Ryland Gwathmey supervised farming and\n         timber operations on the family estate and appraised real\n         estate in King William and nearby counties. He was also a\n         member of the county board of supervisors and of Beulah\n         Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection represents four generations of this\n         prominent King William County family. From their family seat\n         at \"Burlington,\" the Gwathmey's were active in the political,\n         social, and religious life of the county for more than two\n         centuries.","Joseph Hardin Gwathmey and his wife, Jeannette Garnett\n         (Ryland) Gwathmey, had five children, three of whom, John\n         Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), Anna Garnett Gwathmey\n         (1879-1979), and Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883- 1974), are\n         prominent in this collection.","With the exception of the years he spent at Virginia\n         Polytechnic Institute (Now Virginia Polytechnic University and\n         State University), John Ryland Gwathmey spent his entire life\n         at \"Burlington.\" John Ryland Gwathmey supervised farming and\n         timber operations on the family estate and appraised real\n         estate in King William and nearby counties. He was also a\n         member of the county board of supervisors and of Beulah\n         Baptist Church."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGwathmey Family Papers, 1790-1982 (Mss1 G9957 c FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Gwathmey Family Papers, 1790-1982 (Mss1 G9957 c FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection begins with the papers of Joseph Gwathmey,\n         (1758-1824), a planter, major in the state militia, and deacon\n         of the Beulah Baptist Church. These records consist of an\n         account book, loose accounts, and estate materials. Major\n         Gwathmey's account book also contains records of his\n         children's births and lists of horses. Most of his papers,\n         however, concern his estate and include the records of\n         executors, Richard Gwathmey (1789-1866), John Hill Gwathmey\n         (1798-1839), and William Gwathmey (1794-1875). Two accounts\n         books contain copies of Joseph Gwathmey's will, inventories,\n         appraisals, and accounts and expenses. Loose estate materials\n         include accounts, inventories, an indenture selling land to\n         Nathaniel Boush Hill, and an 1836 appraisal of slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of William Gwathmey are found in boxes 2-7.\n         William Gwathmey inherited \"Wakefield,\" but moved to\n         \"Burlington\" upon the death of his brother, John Hill\n         Gwathmey, in 1839. A planter and physician, Gwathmey was also\n         a trustee of the Beulah Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Gwathmey's papers begin with a diary of his journey to\n         St. Augustine, Florida, with his wife and sister-in-law,\n         Hardinia M. Burnley, from 1833 to 1834. Other diaries follow;\n         a complete list of these appears in the guide that follows\n         this description. The diaries, many of which are kept in\n         copies of Richardson's Almanac, mostly concern weather\n         conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physicians's visits, and church activities. The pages of an\n         1837 diary describe a trip to New Orleans and southwest\n         Louisiana. Entries in the 1852 diary concern a medical\n         conference in Richmond (Apr. 28, May 5) and the presidential\n         election of that year (Nov. 9). The 1859 diary describes\n         hiring day in Ayletts (Jan. 1) and election day (May 26).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries from the Civil War years not only provide\n         Gwathmey's views on the war, but also document local events.\n         Several 1863 entries describe the appearance of Northern units\n         in King William (January 8 and June 5), as well as the baptism\n         of slaves at Beulah (Sept. 6). Entries for 1864 describe the\n         arrival of Union troops at Ayletts (Mar. 1-2), the doctoring\n         of wounded soldiers, and the occupation of \"Burlington\" (May\n         22- 29). Several 1866 entries concern Reconstruction (Feb. 27,\n         May 31, June 12-18). These last entries concern formal charges\n         bought against a neighbor for mistreating a former slave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 3-5 contain the correspondence of William Gwathmey.\n         Most of this consists of letters from family members,\n         including Joseph Robert Garlick, Frances Fielding (Lewis)\n         Gwathmey, Lucy Ann (Garlick) Gwathmey, Richard Gwathmey,\n         Washington Gwathmey, and William Henry Gwathmey. Many of these\n         letters concern the activities of Beulah Church. Significant\n         correspondence incudes the letters of Gwathmey's\n         brother-in-law, Edwin Burnley, who apparently deserted his\n         wife and went to Mississippi. These letters document his\n         divorce and attempts to transfer slaves to his new home. The\n         letters of another brother-in-law, Dr. Thomas Meaux, concern\n         medicine and phyhsicians. Thomas Witt Haynes writes concerning\n         WG's son Richard Brooke Gwathmeyh, who served in the 9th\n         Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Letters with Alexander\n         Fleet pertain to Gwathmey's brief service in the Ware of 1812,\n         for which WG was applying for a pension. An 1865 letter from\n         richard Gwathmey describes the Richmond fire, while an 1837\n         letter describes a trip to Chicago, Ill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree accounts books follow. The first two are indexed and\n         primarily consist of accounts with patients, but they also\n         include records of family births, servant births, lists of\n         livestock, and accounts with the estate of Joseph Gwathmey.\n         The second account book also contains accounts, 1875-1895, of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey. The third account book, 1870-1875,\n         contains contracts and accounts with farm hands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose accounts begin in box 7. These are followed by deeds\n         and bonds, most of which concern land, but which also include\n         an indenture to a former slave, Sylvia Hill, granting her\n         ownership of her house. Beulah Baptist Church records consist\n         of lists of subscriptions, a commonplace book, eulogies for\n         Hardin Burnley (1804?-1869), John William Garlick\n         (1823?-1866), Edward Hill (d. 1870) and James Trice.\n         Miscellaneous materials include photocopies concerning\n         Gwathmey's 1812 service and a pass, 1864, signed by James\n         Alexander Seddon (1815-1880).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of Elizabeth Theresa (Burnley) Gwathmey\n         (1806-1879), wife of William Gwathmey, consists mostly of\n         letters written by her children. Among those are the letters\n         of Mary Atwood Gwathmey, which describe her visit to cousins\n         in Mississippi in 1856 and 1857.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains materials of seven of William and\n         Elizabeth (Burnley) Gwathmey's children. The papers of Richard\n         Brooke Gwathmey (1838-1864), a soldier in the 9th Virginia\n         Cavalry during the Civil War, and William Gwathmey (1840-1858)\n         are located in box 8. Also in box 8 are several diaries of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1846-1918), who inherited \"Burlington\"\n         upon the death of his father in 1875. Gwathmey, an agent for\n         the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, also served as\n         superintendent of King William County Schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGwathmey's general correspondence is mostly with friends\n         and family members, but also includes a letter signed by\n         Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1881-1944), as Assistant Secretary\n         of the Navy, thanking Gwathmey for the loan of his binoculars\n         to the U. S. Navy during the First World War. Account books\n         concern farming operations and include accounts with far\n         laborers. Loose accounts include receipts from the King\n         William County Grange. Records concerning Gwathmey's\n         superintendency of King William schools consist mostly of\n         certificates, but also include a statistical report, ca. 1905,\n         detailing conditions in the system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Jeannette Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey\n         (1847-1915), wife of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, consist of\n         diaries, memoranda and scrapbooks, correspondence, and\n         miscellany. The diaries mostly concern the weather and her\n         church activities, but the 1905 volume also contains notes on\n         the Garnett family. Her memoranda book contains notes on the\n         Peachey, Ryland, and Griffin families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Owen Overton Gwathmey (1849-1922), Elizabeth\n         Burnley Gwathmey (b. 1818), Hardinia Morris Gwathmey\n         (1832-1905), and Mary Atwood Gwathmey (1834-1868) are located\n         in boxes 11 and 12. Owen Overton Gwathmey was a lawyer and\n         judge of the King William Circuit Court. Among his papers are\n         deeds of land to Gwathmey in his capacity as trustee for\n         Beulah Baptist Church. His miscellany includes the wills of\n         Sylvia Hill (d. 1906) and Phillis Garlick, both of King\n         William County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGwathmey's papers begin with general correspondence, which\n         is mostly with family members. Frequent correspondents include\n         his sisters, Anna Garnett Gwathmey and Mary Burnley Gwathmey,\n         Eleanor Gwathmey (Powell) Dewey, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1878-1945), Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Lewis\n         Franklin Powell, associate justice of the United States\n         Supreme Court. Many of Powell's letters concern the\n         Burlington- Gwathmey Memorial Foundation, but have been filed\n         together with the general correspondence. Form letters consist\n         mostly of appeals from charitable and political organizations.\n         Greeting cards and invitations conclude this box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 17 contains account books. Three of these concern\n         farming operations at \"Burlington.\" Financial records consist\n         almost entirely of bank statements and federal income and\n         property tax returns. Other financial records relate to life\n         and health insurance and trust funds, including statements and\n         accounts of the Burlington Cemetery Trust Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1970's, \"Burlington\" was added to the Virginia\n         Landmarks Register. Correspondence with the Virginia Historic\n         Landmarks Commission concerns the establishment of landmark\n         status, the granting of an open space easement, and the\n         awarding of a preservation grant and subsequent restoration.\n         In 1977, the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation was\n         established to maintain the family estate after the death of\n         John Ryland Gwathmey. Foundation materials include acts of\n         incorporation and correspondence, primarily with lawyers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 30 begins with letters and census reports from the\n         Department of Agriculture concerning farming operations at\n         \"Burlington.\" Materials pertaining to timber include reports,\n         agreement, and accounts with lumber mills. These are followed\n         by land records, mostly deeds of lease, concerning other land\n         owned by JRG, including a house in Ayletts known as\n         \"Gwathmey's,\" and \"Meadow Farm,\" the estate adjacent to\n         \"Burlington.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Ryland Gwathmey served as chairman of the industrial\n         and Rural Utilities Committee of the Ruritan Club of King\n         William County. These papers mostly concern the publication of\n         a promotional pamphlet, King William Invites You, and consist\n         of correspondence and drafts of the manuscript. Materials from\n         JRG's tenure as a member of the county's board of supervisors\n         also primarily concern industrial growth and include a\n         consultant's 1970 water and sewerage report. Appraisals of\n         farms in King William and surrounding counties, conducted by\n         JRG, conclude box 31. Papers relating to JRG's service as\n         trustee and clerk of the Beulah Baptist Church concern\n         subscriptions and renovations to the building. These precede\n         student composition books, clippings, and miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey begin with general\n         correspondence (boxes 33-36). Much of this is with her sister,\n         Mary Burnley Gwathmey, from 1921-1926. Other frequent\n         correspondents include family members: Alice R. Campbell,\n         Jeannette O. Campbell, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1878-1945),\n         Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Laura Virginia\n         (Gwathmey) Young. Box 37 contains correspondence with\n         institutions, greeting cards, invitations, account books, and\n         accounts. Financial records consist of bank statement and\n         checks and investment, tax, and insurance records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in boxes 41-45 document Anna Garnett Gwathmey's\n         career as a general insurance agent in both New York City and\n         King William County. These begin with five account books, a\n         rate book, and a folder of unanswered solicitations. Client\n         files consist of correspondence, claim forms, invoices, and\n         policies with individual policy holders. These are arranged\n         alphabetically. Records from the various insurance companies\n         that AGG represented follow. These consist of letters and\n         memoranda from the companies, commission statements, forms,\n         bulletins, and promotional materials. Memoranda and rate\n         quotes from the Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service,\n         performance bonds, and miscellany conclude this section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning a patent search consist of reports and\n         copies of patents on stockings. Letters and miscellany of New\n         York's Three Arts Club pertain to a 1937 benefit bridge\n         tournament and dance. Speeches and addresses are mostly from a\n         public speaking class. Miscellany includes cards of airplane\n         silhouettes, used to test the accuracy of aircraft spotters\n         during World War II. Sympathy letters addressed to John Ryland\n         Gwathmey and estate materials conclude the papers of Anna\n         Garnett Gwathmey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974) graduated from Woman's\n         College (now Westhampton College, University of Richmond), in\n         1904. Her general correspondence is located in boxes 47 and 48\n         and includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd (1887-1966)\n         concerning the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Mamie\n         Geneva (Doud) Eisenhower concerning Virginia Democrats for\n         Eisenhower in 1952, New York Congressman Carfoline Love\n         Goodwin O'Day, and Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt\n         concerning a request for an appointment. Correspondence with\n         institutions dates mostly from MBG's years in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 49 to 51 pertain to MBG's career as an artist and\n         designer, begfinning with her papers as a teacher at the\n         University of Arkansas and as a teacher and student at\n         Columbia University's Teachers College. These primarily\n         consist of lecuture notes and notebooks. After receiving a\n         master of arts degree from Columbia in 1926, MBG worked for\n         James McCreery \u0026amp; Co. and James A. Hearns and Sons, both\n         New York stores. In the early 1930's, she left retaining to\n         become an independent design and fashion consultant. Records\n         docummenting MBG's career in New York mainly consist of\n         company memoranda, bulletins, brochures, layouts of display,\n         advertising materials, and newsaper clippings. In 1943, MBG\n         accedpt a position as instructor of distributive eeducation at\n         Washington-Lee High School, Arlington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 50 begins with materials concerning MBG's service, as a\n         consultant on merchandising, color, and design, on the\n         Virginia 350th Anniversary Commission. Thedse consist of\n         correspondence, mostly with Executive Director Parke Rouse and\n         with textile and paint companies, as well as reports,\n         memoranda, press releases, clippings, and advertising and\n         promotional materials. General art and design materials\n         follow, and include: speeches and addresses, resumes,\n         clippings, magazine articles, notes and notebooks, and\n         miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of MBG's papers are located in boxes 52-54\n         and concern her non-art related activities. These begin with a\n         few items pertaining to her work for the American Red Cross in\n         Oteen, N. C., in 1921, and a trip to Switzerland in 1931.\n         Materials concerning MBG's attempts to get funding for the\n         publication of the story of Sylvia Hill, a former slave and\n         family servant, include correspondence and application with\n         foundations and rough drafts of the book. Correspondence,\n         addresses, notes, and clippings concerning MBG's service as\n         Executive Secretary of the King William County 250th\n         Anniversary Committee follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning Beulah Baptist Church mostly concern\n         MBG's writing of Beulah Baptist Church: Highlights and\n         Shadows. Copies of two of the Church's minute books are also\n         included. Two scrapbooks, a memoranda book, and telephone\n         directors follow. The first scrapbook contains clippings,\n         lines of verse, snapshots, and obituaries from the early\n         twentieth century, as well as three letters of Anna Maria\n         (Garnett) Ryland (1826-1851), one to her brother, Reuben\n         Meriwether Garnett, and two to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth\n         Ferguson (Ryland) Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogical records include notes on the Burnley, Garnett,\n         Gwathmey, Meaux, Rucker, Ryland, and Temple families. The\n         Gwathmey folder also contains a biographical sketch of Edward\n         Garlick Gwathmey (1839-1931) and a manuscript, \"The Gwathmey\n         Family of Virginia,\" by Mildred Bates Gwathmey. Clippings,\n         miscellany, and estate materials conclude the papers of Mary\n         Burnley Gwathmey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 55 contains the papers of miscellaneous family members.\n         A complete list of these individuals is found in the guide\n         that follows this description. These items include: an\n         1870-1871 diary of Washington Gwathmey (probably kept at \"Bear\n         Island,\" Hanover County, Va.), a letter from John Newton\n         Ryland to John Meriwether Garnett concerning politics in King\n         and Queen County in 1840, and two account books, 1875-1876, of\n         Gaskins, Moncure and Co., Essex County, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book, 1792-1824; accounts, 1790-1824;\n               estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts, 1833-1875; deeds, indentures and bond,\n                  1818-1873; Beulah Baptist Church, 1829-1872;\n                  commonplace book; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1848-1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1858-1864; account book, 1856-1864;\n               memoranda book, 1859-1860; accounts, 1858-1864;\n               estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received, 1857.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books, 1887-1893, 1895-1917; accounts,\n                  1868-1918; and financial records, 1866-1916.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuperintendent of Schools, 1891-1906; miscellany;\n                  and estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (7 v.), 1874-1875, 1905, 1907, 1908-1909,\n               1912-1913, 1914; memoranda book; correspondence,\n               1867-1915; scrapbook; music scrapbook, 1914; clippings;\n               miscellany; resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1899-1920; financial records,\n               1879-1916; student notebook, 1876-1877; Beulah Baptist\n               Church, 1877-1915; certificates; miscellany; estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received, 1864-1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1847-1867; autograph book,\n               1852-1853.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters received, 1857-1903; scrapbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForm letters; greeting cards; invitations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife and health insurance, 1970-1982; automobile\n                  insurance, 1953-1982; insurance on \"Burlington,\"\n                  1964-1982; Burlington Cemetery Trust, 1927-1982;\n                  trust fund, 1971-1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Burlington,\" 1977-1982; Burlington-Gwathmey\n                  Memorial Foundation, 1977-1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarming, 1940-1982; timber, 1922-1981;\n                  \"Gwathmey's,\" 1977-1982; \"Meadow Farm,\" 1927-1962;\n                  miscellaneous deeds of lease.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuritan, 1950-1972; Board of Supervisors,\n                  1955-1970; real estate appraisals, 1952-1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeulah Baptist Church, 1939-1970; student\n                  composition books; clippings; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with institutions, 1913-1972;\n                  greeting cards and invitations; account books,\n                  1928-1936, 1931-1941, 1954-1960; accounts,\n                  1925-1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlanters National Bank, 1916-1933; Southside Bank,\n                  1926-1979; Bank of Virginia, 1955-1960; Citizens and\n                  Farmers Bank, 1961-1971.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1925-1966; land records,\n                  1920-1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount books (5 v.): 1921, 1937, 1922-1924,\n                  1931-1944, 1936-1940; rate book, 1934; agent's\n                  letters, 1924-1967; client files, 1928-1970;\n                  insurance companies: Aetna Life Insurance Company,\n                  1931-1945; Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance\n                  Company, 1933-1958; The Penn Mutual Life Insurance\n                  Company, 1935-1952; Davenport Insurance Corporation,\n                  1937-1941; Winters-Oliver Insurance Agency,\n                  1963-1968; Royal Globe Insurance Group, 1954-1962;\n                  Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service, 1941-1965;\n                  bonds; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeeches and addresses, memoranda books,\n                  clippings, miscellany, estate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with institutions, 1916-1973;\n                  letters of recommendation; greeting cards; accounts,\n                  1934-1974; financial records, 1930-1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Arkansas, 1924-1925; Columbia\n                  University, 1926-1943; design consultant, 1928-1936;\n                  Washington-Lee High School, 1943-1959; Virginia 350th\n                  Anniversary Commission, 1953-1958; speeches;\n                  biographical; clippings; magazine articles;\n                  notebooks; notes; miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRed Cross, 1921; Switzerland, 1931; Syvlia Hill,\n                  1943-1959; King William 250th Anniversary Committee,\n                  1952-195?.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeulah Baptist Church, 1961-1967 and minute books,\n                  1812-1843, 1936-1952; scrapbooks; directory;\n                  memoranda book; essays and lines of verse\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogical notes; clippings; miscellany;\n                  estate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMollie Burnley; Eleanor Gwathmey, 1842-1931; John\n               Hill Gwathmey, 1798-1839; Joseph Hardin Gwathmey,\n               1878-1945; Washington Gwathmey; William Gwathmey,\n               1875-1920; William Henry Gwathmey, 1819-1886; Mary\n               Overton (Burnley) Meaux; Anna Maria (Garnett) Ryland,\n               1826-1951; John Newton Ryland; unidentified and family;\n               miscellany.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection begins with the papers of Joseph Gwathmey,\n         (1758-1824), a planter, major in the state militia, and deacon\n         of the Beulah Baptist Church. These records consist of an\n         account book, loose accounts, and estate materials. Major\n         Gwathmey's account book also contains records of his\n         children's births and lists of horses. Most of his papers,\n         however, concern his estate and include the records of\n         executors, Richard Gwathmey (1789-1866), John Hill Gwathmey\n         (1798-1839), and William Gwathmey (1794-1875). Two accounts\n         books contain copies of Joseph Gwathmey's will, inventories,\n         appraisals, and accounts and expenses. Loose estate materials\n         include accounts, inventories, an indenture selling land to\n         Nathaniel Boush Hill, and an 1836 appraisal of slaves.","The papers of William Gwathmey are found in boxes 2-7.\n         William Gwathmey inherited \"Wakefield,\" but moved to\n         \"Burlington\" upon the death of his brother, John Hill\n         Gwathmey, in 1839. A planter and physician, Gwathmey was also\n         a trustee of the Beulah Baptist Church.","Dr. Gwathmey's papers begin with a diary of his journey to\n         St. Augustine, Florida, with his wife and sister-in-law,\n         Hardinia M. Burnley, from 1833 to 1834. Other diaries follow;\n         a complete list of these appears in the guide that follows\n         this description. The diaries, many of which are kept in\n         copies of Richardson's Almanac, mostly concern weather\n         conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physicians's visits, and church activities. The pages of an\n         1837 diary describe a trip to New Orleans and southwest\n         Louisiana. Entries in the 1852 diary concern a medical\n         conference in Richmond (Apr. 28, May 5) and the presidential\n         election of that year (Nov. 9). The 1859 diary describes\n         hiring day in Ayletts (Jan. 1) and election day (May 26).","Diaries from the Civil War years not only provide\n         Gwathmey's views on the war, but also document local events.\n         Several 1863 entries describe the appearance of Northern units\n         in King William (January 8 and June 5), as well as the baptism\n         of slaves at Beulah (Sept. 6). Entries for 1864 describe the\n         arrival of Union troops at Ayletts (Mar. 1-2), the doctoring\n         of wounded soldiers, and the occupation of \"Burlington\" (May\n         22- 29). Several 1866 entries concern Reconstruction (Feb. 27,\n         May 31, June 12-18). These last entries concern formal charges\n         bought against a neighbor for mistreating a former slave.","Boxes 3-5 contain the correspondence of William Gwathmey.\n         Most of this consists of letters from family members,\n         including Joseph Robert Garlick, Frances Fielding (Lewis)\n         Gwathmey, Lucy Ann (Garlick) Gwathmey, Richard Gwathmey,\n         Washington Gwathmey, and William Henry Gwathmey. Many of these\n         letters concern the activities of Beulah Church. Significant\n         correspondence incudes the letters of Gwathmey's\n         brother-in-law, Edwin Burnley, who apparently deserted his\n         wife and went to Mississippi. These letters document his\n         divorce and attempts to transfer slaves to his new home. The\n         letters of another brother-in-law, Dr. Thomas Meaux, concern\n         medicine and phyhsicians. Thomas Witt Haynes writes concerning\n         WG's son Richard Brooke Gwathmeyh, who served in the 9th\n         Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. Letters with Alexander\n         Fleet pertain to Gwathmey's brief service in the Ware of 1812,\n         for which WG was applying for a pension. An 1865 letter from\n         richard Gwathmey describes the Richmond fire, while an 1837\n         letter describes a trip to Chicago, Ill.","Three accounts books follow. The first two are indexed and\n         primarily consist of accounts with patients, but they also\n         include records of family births, servant births, lists of\n         livestock, and accounts with the estate of Joseph Gwathmey.\n         The second account book also contains accounts, 1875-1895, of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey. The third account book, 1870-1875,\n         contains contracts and accounts with farm hands.","Loose accounts begin in box 7. These are followed by deeds\n         and bonds, most of which concern land, but which also include\n         an indenture to a former slave, Sylvia Hill, granting her\n         ownership of her house. Beulah Baptist Church records consist\n         of lists of subscriptions, a commonplace book, eulogies for\n         Hardin Burnley (1804?-1869), John William Garlick\n         (1823?-1866), Edward Hill (d. 1870) and James Trice.\n         Miscellaneous materials include photocopies concerning\n         Gwathmey's 1812 service and a pass, 1864, signed by James\n         Alexander Seddon (1815-1880).","The correspondence of Elizabeth Theresa (Burnley) Gwathmey\n         (1806-1879), wife of William Gwathmey, consists mostly of\n         letters written by her children. Among those are the letters\n         of Mary Atwood Gwathmey, which describe her visit to cousins\n         in Mississippi in 1856 and 1857.","The collection contains materials of seven of William and\n         Elizabeth (Burnley) Gwathmey's children. The papers of Richard\n         Brooke Gwathmey (1838-1864), a soldier in the 9th Virginia\n         Cavalry during the Civil War, and William Gwathmey (1840-1858)\n         are located in box 8. Also in box 8 are several diaries of\n         Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1846-1918), who inherited \"Burlington\"\n         upon the death of his father in 1875. Gwathmey, an agent for\n         the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, also served as\n         superintendent of King William County Schools.","Gwathmey's general correspondence is mostly with friends\n         and family members, but also includes a letter signed by\n         Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1881-1944), as Assistant Secretary\n         of the Navy, thanking Gwathmey for the loan of his binoculars\n         to the U. S. Navy during the First World War. Account books\n         concern farming operations and include accounts with far\n         laborers. Loose accounts include receipts from the King\n         William County Grange. Records concerning Gwathmey's\n         superintendency of King William schools consist mostly of\n         certificates, but also include a statistical report, ca. 1905,\n         detailing conditions in the system.","The papers of Jeannette Garnett (Ryland) Gwathmey\n         (1847-1915), wife of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey, consist of\n         diaries, memoranda and scrapbooks, correspondence, and\n         miscellany. The diaries mostly concern the weather and her\n         church activities, but the 1905 volume also contains notes on\n         the Garnett family. Her memoranda book contains notes on the\n         Peachey, Ryland, and Griffin families.","The papers of Owen Overton Gwathmey (1849-1922), Elizabeth\n         Burnley Gwathmey (b. 1818), Hardinia Morris Gwathmey\n         (1832-1905), and Mary Atwood Gwathmey (1834-1868) are located\n         in boxes 11 and 12. Owen Overton Gwathmey was a lawyer and\n         judge of the King William Circuit Court. Among his papers are\n         deeds of land to Gwathmey in his capacity as trustee for\n         Beulah Baptist Church. His miscellany includes the wills of\n         Sylvia Hill (d. 1906) and Phillis Garlick, both of King\n         William County.","Gwathmey's papers begin with general correspondence, which\n         is mostly with family members. Frequent correspondents include\n         his sisters, Anna Garnett Gwathmey and Mary Burnley Gwathmey,\n         Eleanor Gwathmey (Powell) Dewey, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1878-1945), Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Lewis\n         Franklin Powell, associate justice of the United States\n         Supreme Court. Many of Powell's letters concern the\n         Burlington- Gwathmey Memorial Foundation, but have been filed\n         together with the general correspondence. Form letters consist\n         mostly of appeals from charitable and political organizations.\n         Greeting cards and invitations conclude this box.","Box 17 contains account books. Three of these concern\n         farming operations at \"Burlington.\" Financial records consist\n         almost entirely of bank statements and federal income and\n         property tax returns. Other financial records relate to life\n         and health insurance and trust funds, including statements and\n         accounts of the Burlington Cemetery Trust Fund.","In the late 1970's, \"Burlington\" was added to the Virginia\n         Landmarks Register. Correspondence with the Virginia Historic\n         Landmarks Commission concerns the establishment of landmark\n         status, the granting of an open space easement, and the\n         awarding of a preservation grant and subsequent restoration.\n         In 1977, the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial Foundation was\n         established to maintain the family estate after the death of\n         John Ryland Gwathmey. Foundation materials include acts of\n         incorporation and correspondence, primarily with lawyers.","Box 30 begins with letters and census reports from the\n         Department of Agriculture concerning farming operations at\n         \"Burlington.\" Materials pertaining to timber include reports,\n         agreement, and accounts with lumber mills. These are followed\n         by land records, mostly deeds of lease, concerning other land\n         owned by JRG, including a house in Ayletts known as\n         \"Gwathmey's,\" and \"Meadow Farm,\" the estate adjacent to\n         \"Burlington.\"","John Ryland Gwathmey served as chairman of the industrial\n         and Rural Utilities Committee of the Ruritan Club of King\n         William County. These papers mostly concern the publication of\n         a promotional pamphlet, King William Invites You, and consist\n         of correspondence and drafts of the manuscript. Materials from\n         JRG's tenure as a member of the county's board of supervisors\n         also primarily concern industrial growth and include a\n         consultant's 1970 water and sewerage report. Appraisals of\n         farms in King William and surrounding counties, conducted by\n         JRG, conclude box 31. Papers relating to JRG's service as\n         trustee and clerk of the Beulah Baptist Church concern\n         subscriptions and renovations to the building. These precede\n         student composition books, clippings, and miscellany.","The papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey begin with general\n         correspondence (boxes 33-36). Much of this is with her sister,\n         Mary Burnley Gwathmey, from 1921-1926. Other frequent\n         correspondents include family members: Alice R. Campbell,\n         Jeannette O. Campbell, Joseph Hardin Gwathmey (1878-1945),\n         Laura (Blankenship) Albert Gwathmey, and Laura Virginia\n         (Gwathmey) Young. Box 37 contains correspondence with\n         institutions, greeting cards, invitations, account books, and\n         accounts. Financial records consist of bank statement and\n         checks and investment, tax, and insurance records.","Materials in boxes 41-45 document Anna Garnett Gwathmey's\n         career as a general insurance agent in both New York City and\n         King William County. These begin with five account books, a\n         rate book, and a folder of unanswered solicitations. Client\n         files consist of correspondence, claim forms, invoices, and\n         policies with individual policy holders. These are arranged\n         alphabetically. Records from the various insurance companies\n         that AGG represented follow. These consist of letters and\n         memoranda from the companies, commission statements, forms,\n         bulletins, and promotional materials. Memoranda and rate\n         quotes from the Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service,\n         performance bonds, and miscellany conclude this section.","Materials concerning a patent search consist of reports and\n         copies of patents on stockings. Letters and miscellany of New\n         York's Three Arts Club pertain to a 1937 benefit bridge\n         tournament and dance. Speeches and addresses are mostly from a\n         public speaking class. Miscellany includes cards of airplane\n         silhouettes, used to test the accuracy of aircraft spotters\n         during World War II. Sympathy letters addressed to John Ryland\n         Gwathmey and estate materials conclude the papers of Anna\n         Garnett Gwathmey.","Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974) graduated from Woman's\n         College (now Westhampton College, University of Richmond), in\n         1904. Her general correspondence is located in boxes 47 and 48\n         and includes letters from Harry Flood Byrd (1887-1966)\n         concerning the 1952 Democratic National Convention, Mamie\n         Geneva (Doud) Eisenhower concerning Virginia Democrats for\n         Eisenhower in 1952, New York Congressman Carfoline Love\n         Goodwin O'Day, and Anna Eleanor (Roosevelt) Roosevelt\n         concerning a request for an appointment. Correspondence with\n         institutions dates mostly from MBG's years in New York.","Boxes 49 to 51 pertain to MBG's career as an artist and\n         designer, begfinning with her papers as a teacher at the\n         University of Arkansas and as a teacher and student at\n         Columbia University's Teachers College. These primarily\n         consist of lecuture notes and notebooks. After receiving a\n         master of arts degree from Columbia in 1926, MBG worked for\n         James McCreery \u0026 Co. and James A. Hearns and Sons, both\n         New York stores. In the early 1930's, she left retaining to\n         become an independent design and fashion consultant. Records\n         docummenting MBG's career in New York mainly consist of\n         company memoranda, bulletins, brochures, layouts of display,\n         advertising materials, and newsaper clippings. In 1943, MBG\n         accedpt a position as instructor of distributive eeducation at\n         Washington-Lee High School, Arlington, Va.","Box 50 begins with materials concerning MBG's service, as a\n         consultant on merchandising, color, and design, on the\n         Virginia 350th Anniversary Commission. Thedse consist of\n         correspondence, mostly with Executive Director Parke Rouse and\n         with textile and paint companies, as well as reports,\n         memoranda, press releases, clippings, and advertising and\n         promotional materials. General art and design materials\n         follow, and include: speeches and addresses, resumes,\n         clippings, magazine articles, notes and notebooks, and\n         miscellany.","The remainder of MBG's papers are located in boxes 52-54\n         and concern her non-art related activities. These begin with a\n         few items pertaining to her work for the American Red Cross in\n         Oteen, N. C., in 1921, and a trip to Switzerland in 1931.\n         Materials concerning MBG's attempts to get funding for the\n         publication of the story of Sylvia Hill, a former slave and\n         family servant, include correspondence and application with\n         foundations and rough drafts of the book. Correspondence,\n         addresses, notes, and clippings concerning MBG's service as\n         Executive Secretary of the King William County 250th\n         Anniversary Committee follow.","Materials concerning Beulah Baptist Church mostly concern\n         MBG's writing of Beulah Baptist Church: Highlights and\n         Shadows. Copies of two of the Church's minute books are also\n         included. Two scrapbooks, a memoranda book, and telephone\n         directors follow. The first scrapbook contains clippings,\n         lines of verse, snapshots, and obituaries from the early\n         twentieth century, as well as three letters of Anna Maria\n         (Garnett) Ryland (1826-1851), one to her brother, Reuben\n         Meriwether Garnett, and two to her sister-in-law, Elizabeth\n         Ferguson (Ryland) Willis.","Genealogical records include notes on the Burnley, Garnett,\n         Gwathmey, Meaux, Rucker, Ryland, and Temple families. The\n         Gwathmey folder also contains a biographical sketch of Edward\n         Garlick Gwathmey (1839-1931) and a manuscript, \"The Gwathmey\n         Family of Virginia,\" by Mildred Bates Gwathmey. Clippings,\n         miscellany, and estate materials conclude the papers of Mary\n         Burnley Gwathmey.","Box 55 contains the papers of miscellaneous family members.\n         A complete list of these individuals is found in the guide\n         that follows this description. These items include: an\n         1870-1871 diary of Washington Gwathmey (probably kept at \"Bear\n         Island,\" Hanover County, Va.), a letter from John Newton\n         Ryland to John Meriwether Garnett concerning politics in King\n         and Queen County in 1840, and two account books, 1875-1876, of\n         Gaskins, Moncure and Co., Essex County, Va.","Account book, 1792-1824; accounts, 1790-1824;\n               estate.","Accounts, 1833-1875; deeds, indentures and bond,\n                  1818-1873; Beulah Baptist Church, 1829-1872;\n                  commonplace book; miscellany.","Correspondence, 1848-1868.","Correspondence, 1858-1864; account book, 1856-1864;\n               memoranda book, 1859-1860; accounts, 1858-1864;\n               estate.","Letters received, 1857.","Account books, 1887-1893, 1895-1917; accounts,\n                  1868-1918; and financial records, 1866-1916.","Superintendent of Schools, 1891-1906; miscellany;\n                  and estate.","Diaries (7 v.), 1874-1875, 1905, 1907, 1908-1909,\n               1912-1913, 1914; memoranda book; correspondence,\n               1867-1915; scrapbook; music scrapbook, 1914; clippings;\n               miscellany; resolutions.","Correspondence, 1899-1920; financial records,\n               1879-1916; student notebook, 1876-1877; Beulah Baptist\n               Church, 1877-1915; certificates; miscellany; estate.","Letters received, 1864-1888.","Correspondence, 1847-1867; autograph book,\n               1852-1853.","Letters received, 1857-1903; scrapbook.","Form letters; greeting cards; invitations.","Account books, n.d., 1951-1956, 1957-1963,\n                  1964-1966, 1972-1974, 1974-1980; receipt book, 1953;\n                  employee hours book.","Life and health insurance, 1970-1982; automobile\n                  insurance, 1953-1982; insurance on \"Burlington,\"\n                  1964-1982; Burlington Cemetery Trust, 1927-1982;\n                  trust fund, 1971-1982.","\"Burlington,\" 1977-1982; Burlington-Gwathmey\n                  Memorial Foundation, 1977-1982.","Farming, 1940-1982; timber, 1922-1981;\n                  \"Gwathmey's,\" 1977-1982; \"Meadow Farm,\" 1927-1962;\n                  miscellaneous deeds of lease.","Ruritan, 1950-1972; Board of Supervisors,\n                  1955-1970; real estate appraisals, 1952-1977.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1939-1970; student\n                  composition books; clippings; miscellany.","Correspondence with institutions, 1913-1972;\n                  greeting cards and invitations; account books,\n                  1928-1936, 1931-1941, 1954-1960; accounts,\n                  1925-1977.","Planters National Bank, 1916-1933; Southside Bank,\n                  1926-1979; Bank of Virginia, 1955-1960; Citizens and\n                  Farmers Bank, 1961-1971.","Financial records, 1925-1966; land records,\n                  1920-1976.","Account books (5 v.): 1921, 1937, 1922-1924,\n                  1931-1944, 1936-1940; rate book, 1934; agent's\n                  letters, 1924-1967; client files, 1928-1970;\n                  insurance companies: Aetna Life Insurance Company,\n                  1931-1945; Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance\n                  Company, 1933-1958; The Penn Mutual Life Insurance\n                  Company, 1935-1952; Davenport Insurance Corporation,\n                  1937-1941; Winters-Oliver Insurance Agency,\n                  1963-1968; Royal Globe Insurance Group, 1954-1962;\n                  Virginia Insurance Rating Bureau Service, 1941-1965;\n                  bonds; miscellany.","Speeches and addresses, memoranda books,\n                  clippings, miscellany, estate.","Correspondence with institutions, 1916-1973;\n                  letters of recommendation; greeting cards; accounts,\n                  1934-1974; financial records, 1930-1974.","University of Arkansas, 1924-1925; Columbia\n                  University, 1926-1943; design consultant, 1928-1936;\n                  Washington-Lee High School, 1943-1959; Virginia 350th\n                  Anniversary Commission, 1953-1958; speeches;\n                  biographical; clippings; magazine articles;\n                  notebooks; notes; miscellany.","Red Cross, 1921; Switzerland, 1931; Syvlia Hill,\n                  1943-1959; King William 250th Anniversary Committee,\n                  1952-195?.","Beulah Baptist Church, 1961-1967 and minute books,\n                  1812-1843, 1936-1952; scrapbooks; directory;\n                  memoranda book; essays and lines of verse","Genealogical notes; clippings; miscellany;\n                  estate","Mollie Burnley; Eleanor Gwathmey, 1842-1931; John\n               Hill Gwathmey, 1798-1839; Joseph Hardin Gwathmey,\n               1878-1945; Washington Gwathmey; William Gwathmey,\n               1875-1920; William Henry Gwathmey, 1819-1886; Mary\n               Overton (Burnley) Meaux; Anna Maria (Garnett) Ryland,\n               1826-1951; John Newton Ryland; unidentified and family;\n               miscellany."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to cite, quote, or reproduce for publication\n            must be obtained in writing from the Senior Archivist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to cite, quote, or reproduce for publication\n            must be obtained in writing from the Senior Archivist."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePapers of Joseph Gwathmey\n         (1754-1824), planter, major in the Virginia militia, and\n         deacon of Beulah Baptist Church, consist chiefly of records\n         for his estate. Papers of William Gwathmey (1794-1875),\n         planter and physician, trustee for Beulah Baptist Church,\n         include diaries, 1833- 1874 (20 v.), primarily concerning\n         weather conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physician's visits, and church activities (Civil War diaries\n         provide his views on the war and document local events);\n         correspondence, 1819-1875, with family members, many\n         concerning church activities; accounts books, 1825-1875 (3\n         v.), for farming operations and physician's services\n         (containing also records of family and slave births); loose\n         accounts, 1833-1875; deeds and bonds, 1818-1873; and Beulah\n         Church records, 1829-1872. Papers of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1846-1918), planter, insurance agent, and superintendent of\n         King William County schools, include diaries, 1872 and 1910;\n         correspondence, 1885-1918, chiefly with family members; and\n         account books, 1887-1917 (2 v.), concerning farm operations.\n         Papers of John Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), planter, include\n         correspondence, 1918- 1982, chiefly with family; account\n         books, 1951-1980, concerning farming operations; accounts,\n         1919-1982; checks and bank statements; and materials\n         concerning the creation of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial\n         Foundation. Papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey (1879-1979),\n         insurance agent, include correspondence, 1913-1975, with\n         family; account books, accounts, and bank records, 1916-1979;\n         and business records, 1921-1970, documenting her career in New\n         York City and King William County, and include account books\n         and client files. Papers of Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974),\n         teacher and artist, include correspondence, 1910-1973;\n         accounts, 1930-1974; school notes, artwork, and materials\n         documenting her work with the Virginia 350th Anniversary\n         Commission.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Joseph Gwathmey\n         (1754-1824), planter, major in the Virginia militia, and\n         deacon of Beulah Baptist Church, consist chiefly of records\n         for his estate. Papers of William Gwathmey (1794-1875),\n         planter and physician, trustee for Beulah Baptist Church,\n         include diaries, 1833- 1874 (20 v.), primarily concerning\n         weather conditions, farming operations, the health of slaves,\n         physician's visits, and church activities (Civil War diaries\n         provide his views on the war and document local events);\n         correspondence, 1819-1875, with family members, many\n         concerning church activities; accounts books, 1825-1875 (3\n         v.), for farming operations and physician's services\n         (containing also records of family and slave births); loose\n         accounts, 1833-1875; deeds and bonds, 1818-1873; and Beulah\n         Church records, 1829-1872. Papers of Joseph Hardin Gwathmey\n         (1846-1918), planter, insurance agent, and superintendent of\n         King William County schools, include diaries, 1872 and 1910;\n         correspondence, 1885-1918, chiefly with family members; and\n         account books, 1887-1917 (2 v.), concerning farm operations.\n         Papers of John Ryland Gwathmey (1888-1982), planter, include\n         correspondence, 1918- 1982, chiefly with family; account\n         books, 1951-1980, concerning farming operations; accounts,\n         1919-1982; checks and bank statements; and materials\n         concerning the creation of the Burlington-Gwathmey Memorial\n         Foundation. Papers of Anna Garnett Gwathmey (1879-1979),\n         insurance agent, include correspondence, 1913-1975, with\n         family; account books, accounts, and bank records, 1916-1979;\n         and business records, 1921-1970, documenting her career in New\n         York City and King William County, and include account books\n         and client files. Papers of Mary Burnley Gwathmey (1883-1974),\n         teacher and artist, include correspondence, 1910-1973;\n         accounts, 1930-1974; school notes, artwork, and materials\n         documenting her work with the Virginia 350th Anniversary\n         Commission."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00007_c12_c03"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Accounting records,\n        1934","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c05","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00020_c04_c05"],"id":"vihi_vih00020_c04_c05","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00020_c04","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00020","vihi_vih00020_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00020","vihi_vih00020_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968"],"text":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979","Series 4: Piedmont Company.\n1934-1968","Accounting records,\n        1934","box-folder 2:44"],"title_filing_ssi":"Accounting records,\n         1934\n        ","title_ssm":["Accounting records,\n        1934"],"title_tesim":["Accounting records,\n        1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accounting records,\n        1934"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":48,"containers_ssim":["box-folder 2:44"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00020","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00020","_root_":"vihi_vih00020","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00020","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00020.xml","title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979"],"title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 C7604 a\n"],"text":["Mss1 C7604 a\n","Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979","Creosote.",".","Collection is open to research.\n","\nDivided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files\n","\nNew Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote. "," Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice."," He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.","Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\n","\nThis collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","\nAlso, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.","The first series in this collection provides background materials on the life and career of Edwin Fisher Conger (New Jersey native but long-time Staunton,\nVa., resident). His autobiography provides many helpful details on his education\nand entry into the pole-producing and treating business, introduces information\non several of the companies he acquired and operated, and presents useful\nmaterial on his lifelong interest in and support of American forestry and the\ninfluence of his forestry mentor, Dr. Carl A. Schenck (who is extensively\nfeatured later in the collection). "," Among the most important pieces in this series is the photograph album (folder\n4) compiled throughout Conger's business career (now disassembled for\npreservation purposes)-it contains important imagery of the pole-treatment\nbusiness and the operations of Conger's various companies (detailed below),\nincluding images of creosoting operations, timber lands, the Virginia Creosoting\nCompany plant in Culpeper, the Norfolk Creosoting Company plant, E.F. Conger\nCompany plant in Waynesboro, Piedmont Company plants and yards, general\noperations, and tributes to Dr. Carl A. Schenck, Conger's longtime friend and\nforestry mentor (see Series 5.2)","Edwin F. Conger's first truly successful venture into business began with the conversion of a lumber business in Lynchburg into the E. F. Conger Creosoting\nCompany (later simply known as the E. F. Conger Company). Like several of the\ncompanies he owned and operated, E. F. Conger Company over time become\nessentially a holding company for his investments, but for almost thirty years\nthis firm produced treated poles for telephone and utilities companies\nthroughout the eastern United States, his steadiest and most notable customer\nbeing Southeastern New England Telephone Company.","\nAlthough there are only limited records about the operations of the company\nhere, this series contains numerous images of the company's large treatment\nplant built and maintained at Waynesboro, Va.","Edwin F. Conger purchased and operated the Norfolk Creosoting Company for a relatively short time, but it proved to be one of his most successful ventures. Motivated by the success of E. F. Conger Company, Conger sought a facility with deep water access in order to move his operations more significantly into the coastwise trade in and supply of treated poles. The operations at Norfolk proved as important to shipping as they did to pole production and treatment.\n","The files here include a booklet produced by the Norfolk Creosoting Company long before Conger acquired it, along with another valuable photograph album documenting pole installation in the New York metropolitan area in the 1930s. Conger both collected writings about and wrote himself regarding pole treatment. Perhaps most interesting are the photographs showing the plant at Norfolk and its various operations. Because of the success of this venture, Conger was able to acquire a large number of acres of timber outside of Aiken, South Carolina (known by the name of one of its previous owners, the Hitchcock Woods). This provided him with an abundant supply of chestnut poles and also figured significantly in his future commitments to re-forestry and philanthropy. Through this company, Conger also purchased a stately residence in Staunton, Va. (\"Breezy Hill\"), which he used as a corporate headquarters (his wife served as treasurer of the company). Although the plant and some company assets were sold during World War II, the company itself did not actually dissolve until around 1950.\n","Perhaps the largest venture Conger operated during his lengthy career, Piedmont Creosoting Company (later simply the Piedmont Company) had its headquarters in Staunton, Virginia, but largest plant and operations in Augusta, Georgia. Conger acquired the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta in the early 1930s, dissolved the existing company, and reconstituted operations as the Piedmont Creosoting Company. This company utilized pole collection yards in Connecticut to supply New England customers, and some images of those yards are included here.\n","The files in this series contain the most detailed information about any of the companies Conger operated, most importantly represented by the surviving minute book of Board of Directors' meetings for most the company's history. One of the most valuable pieces in terms of knowing the nature and extent, as well as the details, of Conger's various pole ventures comes in the form of a scrapbook (now disassembled for preservation purposes). Entitled \"From Forest to Field,\" it was prepared for Conger's eldest daughter, Dorothea, by A. B. Carlson, in June 1951. It carefully documents through text and images the operations of the Piedmont Company, using the work operations of the Company to supply an order of southern Yellow Pine poles for the Southern New England Telephone Company. The photographs were taken in the spring of 1949 and the text was drafted subsequently by Carlson of Southern New England Telephone. Poles were acquired from the \"Hitchcock Forest\" near Aiken, South Carolina, owned by E. F. Conger. The company plant in Augusta at that time shipped 100,000 poles per year. Images here show the plant and forest operations and some include depictions of African American workers. Also includes images of the treatment of poles with creosote (a mixture of oils) for preservation, as well as arrangements for shipping.\n","As noted above, this was one of Conger's firms that eventually became a holding company for investments, and some of the last files in this series document how Conger finally got out of the pole-producing and treatment business for good in the 1950s. The pole-treatment operations in Augusta and at other facilities throughout the eastern United States were eventually sold to a new company with an old name, Piedmont Wood Preserving Company, newly headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C. The file concerning the sale contains detailed materials on existing, often long-standing, company contracts that were transferred to Piedmont Wood Preserving Company, as well as materials on the sale of other assets and business contracts to Piedmont Wood Preserving Company.\n","The materials in this series primarily focus on Edwin F. Conger's personal life and family, documenting the life a successful businessman of the first half of the twentieth century might lead and the interests his fortune might encourage and support.\n","Edwin F. Conger personally retained a large amount of acreage in South Carolina that the success of the Norfolk Creosoting Company had enabled him to purchase. Some of the acreage was eventually sold to local interests for housing projects, some used to support the operations of the School of Forestry at the University of North Carolina (including the establishment of a professorship and scholarships), some set aside to honor Conger's lifelong friend and mentor, Dr. Carl A. Schenck, through the creation of a memorial forest and reforestation program (see also Series 5.2).\n        ","Edwin F. Conger studied under German forestry specialist Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck (1868-1955) before World War I and considered him a friend and mentor throughout his life. Conger's financial successes allowed him to join with other of his fellow alumni from the Biltmore Forestry School (where Schenck operated his original school on the grounds of the Biltmore estate in North Carolina) in the years immediately preceding his mentor's passing. The files here document some of those activities through a combination of text documents and photographs. One particularly interesting and unusual item is an album (with phonograph records) documenting Dr. Schenck's return visit to America: The Cavalcade of Trees for the Great: Being the Tour of Carl Alwin Schenck in America, 1951, under the Sponsorship of the American Forestry Association and graduates of the Biltmore Forest School.\n        ","The largest portion of this series of Edwin Conger's papers relates to his family and his personal affairs. These include financial records; files on local philanthropy in Staunton; activities involving his purchase and operation of a resort property in Middlesex County, Va., called Horse Point Estates; vacation trips and other travel; correspondence with, extensive photographs of, and files concerning trusts established for his two daughters and his grandchildren (most notably files on the divorce and remarriages of his eldest daughter, Dorothea Lloyd (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker, and the guardianship of her two surviving children, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager).\n        ","One of the particularly interesting and unexpected files here concerns the Higgs/Redmond case: the attempt of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure release of Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her reside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients with mental illness who had partially recovered (folder 95).\n        ","This series contains just a few files of the wife and second daughter of Edwin\nF. Conger. Dorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger (1893-1961) worked most of her years of\nmarriage as treasurer of companies her husband acquired and operated. Some of\nher letters to her two daughters are found in Conger's correspondence files. The\nfile of genealogical materials, primarily focused on her Tatum family ancestors\nand relations, is the largest grouping of materials of or about Mrs. Conger. A\nsmall amount of financial material relating to Vivion Randolph (Conger) LeBow\n(1923-2006), who left her father's papers to the Virginia Historical Society,\ncompletes the collection.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.\n","E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 C7604 a\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979"],"collection_ssim":["Edwin Fisher Conger Papers,\n1900-1979"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"creator_ssm":["Conger, Edwin Fisher\n"],"creator_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the estate of Vivion Conger LeBow, Arlington, Va., in 2007. Accessioned September 30, 2013.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Creosote."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Creosote."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet (165 Folders)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nDivided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["\nDivided into series as follows: Series 1. Edwin F. Conger, Education and\nProfessional Life; Series 2. E.F. Conger Company; Series 3. Norfolk Creosoting\nCompany; Series 4. Piedmont Company; Series 5. Edwin F. Conger personal files;\nand Series 6. Conger Family Personal Files\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nNew Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nNew Jersey native Edwin Fisher Conger became intrigued with forestry as a child\nand learned much from his lumberman father, especially in regard to the growth,\nharvesting and uses of chestnut poles and timber. Beginning in 1909, he attended\nthe Biltmore Forest School, on the famous Biltmore Estate in North Carolina,\nwhere he came under the life-long influence of German forester Dr. Charles Alwin\nSchenck, the chief instructor there. Graduating in 1910, Conger secured a\nposition with the Western Electric Company, where he put in long hours as a\nchestnut pole inspector. During this period he also became acquainted with the\nprocesses of pole and timber preservation through the application of a mixture\nof chemicals known as creosote. "," Around 1915 he went to work for Lowesville\nLumber Company in Lynchburg, and eventually took over the firm and recreated it\nas E. F. Conger Creosoting Company, whose main client initially proved to be\nelements of the Bell Telephone System. Conger set up treatment plants in Shipman\nand Natural Bridge, Virginia, and eventually in Waynesboro, which ultimately led\nto his purchase of the Virginia Creosoting Company in Culpeper. A chestnut\nblight in the 1920s led to the closing of two of the treating plants in\nVirginia, but with continued demand from the telephone and power companies\noperating on the east coast of the United States, Conger purchased the Piedmont\nWood Preserving Company, which operated a pressure-treating plant in Augusta,\nGeorgia, in 1930, followed by the purchase of the Norfolk Creosoting Company in\n1936, giving Conger a facility on deep water with the potential for coastwise\nand export trade. The latter he sold in the 1940s and used the proceeds to\npurchase Hitchcock Woods and the Cedar Creek Farm near Aiken, South Carolina.\nThese 14,000 acres provided Conger with ample resources for his products, but he\nharvested wisely and committed to reforestation well before that was a general\nenvironmental practice."," He also developed contracts with the U.S. government to\nharvest chestnut poles from national forests in the eastern part of the country.\nGradually, Conger got out of the creosoting business, having already converted\nPiedmont Wood Preserving simply to the Piedmont Company, divesting himself of\nthe plant in Augusta and the company's extensive series of contracts in 1951,\nand converting the operation largely into an investments holding firm. He\nlikewise sold off the E. F. Conger Company in the early 1950s to a newly\nconstituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C.,\nincluding distribution yards in Connecticut, Georgia, and Virginia; became a\nforestry consultant living in Staunton, Virginia; and developed a forestry\ncenter on his lands in South Carolina, partly in tribute to the work of his\nmentor, Dr. Charles Schenck. In later life, he served as a bank president in\nCharlottesville and was a generous philanthropist, supporting a number of\norganizations in Piedmont Virginia before his death in 1974."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA.\u003c!-- Add your institution's citation information --\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Edwin Fisher Conger papers, 1900-1979 (Mss1 C7604 a), Virginia Historical  , Accession # Mss1 C7604 a, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed under the auspices of a grant from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first series in this collection provides background materials on the life and career of Edwin Fisher Conger (New Jersey native but long-time Staunton,\nVa., resident). His autobiography provides many helpful details on his education\nand entry into the pole-producing and treating business, introduces information\non several of the companies he acquired and operated, and presents useful\nmaterial on his lifelong interest in and support of American forestry and the\ninfluence of his forestry mentor, Dr. Carl A. Schenck (who is extensively\nfeatured later in the collection). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Among the most important pieces in this series is the photograph album (folder\n4) compiled throughout Conger's business career (now disassembled for\npreservation purposes)-it contains important imagery of the pole-treatment\nbusiness and the operations of Conger's various companies (detailed below),\nincluding images of creosoting operations, timber lands, the Virginia Creosoting\nCompany plant in Culpeper, the Norfolk Creosoting Company plant, E.F. Conger\nCompany plant in Waynesboro, Piedmont Company plants and yards, general\noperations, and tributes to Dr. Carl A. Schenck, Conger's longtime friend and\nforestry mentor (see Series 5.2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin F. Conger's first truly successful venture into business began with the conversion of a lumber business in Lynchburg into the E. F. Conger Creosoting\nCompany (later simply known as the E. F. Conger Company). Like several of the\ncompanies he owned and operated, E. F. Conger Company over time become\nessentially a holding company for his investments, but for almost thirty years\nthis firm produced treated poles for telephone and utilities companies\nthroughout the eastern United States, his steadiest and most notable customer\nbeing Southeastern New England Telephone Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlthough there are only limited records about the operations of the company\nhere, this series contains numerous images of the company's large treatment\nplant built and maintained at Waynesboro, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin F. Conger purchased and operated the Norfolk Creosoting Company for a relatively short time, but it proved to be one of his most successful ventures. Motivated by the success of E. F. Conger Company, Conger sought a facility with deep water access in order to move his operations more significantly into the coastwise trade in and supply of treated poles. The operations at Norfolk proved as important to shipping as they did to pole production and treatment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe files here include a booklet produced by the Norfolk Creosoting Company long before Conger acquired it, along with another valuable photograph album documenting pole installation in the New York metropolitan area in the 1930s. Conger both collected writings about and wrote himself regarding pole treatment. Perhaps most interesting are the photographs showing the plant at Norfolk and its various operations. Because of the success of this venture, Conger was able to acquire a large number of acres of timber outside of Aiken, South Carolina (known by the name of one of its previous owners, the Hitchcock Woods). This provided him with an abundant supply of chestnut poles and also figured significantly in his future commitments to re-forestry and philanthropy. Through this company, Conger also purchased a stately residence in Staunton, Va. (\"Breezy Hill\"), which he used as a corporate headquarters (his wife served as treasurer of the company). Although the plant and some company assets were sold during World War II, the company itself did not actually dissolve until around 1950.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the largest venture Conger operated during his lengthy career, Piedmont Creosoting Company (later simply the Piedmont Company) had its headquarters in Staunton, Virginia, but largest plant and operations in Augusta, Georgia. Conger acquired the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta in the early 1930s, dissolved the existing company, and reconstituted operations as the Piedmont Creosoting Company. This company utilized pole collection yards in Connecticut to supply New England customers, and some images of those yards are included here.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe files in this series contain the most detailed information about any of the companies Conger operated, most importantly represented by the surviving minute book of Board of Directors' meetings for most the company's history. One of the most valuable pieces in terms of knowing the nature and extent, as well as the details, of Conger's various pole ventures comes in the form of a scrapbook (now disassembled for preservation purposes). Entitled \"From Forest to Field,\" it was prepared for Conger's eldest daughter, Dorothea, by A. B. Carlson, in June 1951. It carefully documents through text and images the operations of the Piedmont Company, using the work operations of the Company to supply an order of southern Yellow Pine poles for the Southern New England Telephone Company. The photographs were taken in the spring of 1949 and the text was drafted subsequently by Carlson of Southern New England Telephone. Poles were acquired from the \"Hitchcock Forest\" near Aiken, South Carolina, owned by E. F. Conger. The company plant in Augusta at that time shipped 100,000 poles per year. Images here show the plant and forest operations and some include depictions of African American workers. Also includes images of the treatment of poles with creosote (a mixture of oils) for preservation, as well as arrangements for shipping.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted above, this was one of Conger's firms that eventually became a holding company for investments, and some of the last files in this series document how Conger finally got out of the pole-producing and treatment business for good in the 1950s. The pole-treatment operations in Augusta and at other facilities throughout the eastern United States were eventually sold to a new company with an old name, Piedmont Wood Preserving Company, newly headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C. The file concerning the sale contains detailed materials on existing, often long-standing, company contracts that were transferred to Piedmont Wood Preserving Company, as well as materials on the sale of other assets and business contracts to Piedmont Wood Preserving Company.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials in this series primarily focus on Edwin F. Conger's personal life and family, documenting the life a successful businessman of the first half of the twentieth century might lead and the interests his fortune might encourage and support.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin F. Conger personally retained a large amount of acreage in South Carolina that the success of the Norfolk Creosoting Company had enabled him to purchase. Some of the acreage was eventually sold to local interests for housing projects, some used to support the operations of the School of Forestry at the University of North Carolina (including the establishment of a professorship and scholarships), some set aside to honor Conger's lifelong friend and mentor, Dr. Carl A. Schenck, through the creation of a memorial forest and reforestation program (see also Series 5.2).\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin F. Conger studied under German forestry specialist Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck (1868-1955) before World War I and considered him a friend and mentor throughout his life. Conger's financial successes allowed him to join with other of his fellow alumni from the Biltmore Forestry School (where Schenck operated his original school on the grounds of the Biltmore estate in North Carolina) in the years immediately preceding his mentor's passing. The files here document some of those activities through a combination of text documents and photographs. One particularly interesting and unusual item is an album (with phonograph records) documenting Dr. Schenck's return visit to America: The Cavalcade of Trees for the Great: Being the Tour of Carl Alwin Schenck in America, 1951, under the Sponsorship of the American Forestry Association and graduates of the Biltmore Forest School.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe largest portion of this series of Edwin Conger's papers relates to his family and his personal affairs. These include financial records; files on local philanthropy in Staunton; activities involving his purchase and operation of a resort property in Middlesex County, Va., called Horse Point Estates; vacation trips and other travel; correspondence with, extensive photographs of, and files concerning trusts established for his two daughters and his grandchildren (most notably files on the divorce and remarriages of his eldest daughter, Dorothea Lloyd (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker, and the guardianship of her two surviving children, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager).\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the particularly interesting and unexpected files here concerns the Higgs/Redmond case: the attempt of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure release of Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her reside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients with mental illness who had partially recovered (folder 95).\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains just a few files of the wife and second daughter of Edwin\nF. Conger. Dorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger (1893-1961) worked most of her years of\nmarriage as treasurer of companies her husband acquired and operated. Some of\nher letters to her two daughters are found in Conger's correspondence files. The\nfile of genealogical materials, primarily focused on her Tatum family ancestors\nand relations, is the largest grouping of materials of or about Mrs. Conger. A\nsmall amount of financial material relating to Vivion Randolph (Conger) LeBow\n(1923-2006), who left her father's papers to the Virginia Historical Society,\ncompletes the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThis collection contains materials regarding the education and career in\nforestry and treated pole production of Edwin F. Conger, including an\nautobiography, research materials, and a photograph album relating to pole\nharvesting and preservation treatment (including images of operations at the\nVirginia Creosoting Company plant in Culpeper, Va., Norfolk Creosoting Company\nat Norfolk, Va., E.F. Conger Creosoting Company at Waynesboro, Va., and the\nPiedmont Company at Augusta, Ga., as well as pictures of Conger's teacher and\nlifelong mentor, Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck).","\nAlso, includes materials (primarily photographs of operations and\npole-production plants) of E. F. Conger Creosoting Company (later simply the E.\nF. Conger Company), headquartered in Staunton, Va., but with chief operations at\nWaynesboro, Va. Files include images of Edwin F. Conger at the company\nheadquarters in Staunton.","Also, includes records of the Norfolk Creosoting Company, with its plant and\nshipping facility at Norfolk, Va., including images of the plant and operations\nat Norfolk, materials concerning the acquisition of the Hitchcock Woods property\nat Aiken, S.C., title abstract to \"Breezy Hill,\" residence of E. F. Conger and\nfamily and company headquarters in Staunton, Va., and materials concerning sale\nand dissolution of the company.","Also, includes records of the Piedmont Company, formed by E.F. Conger through\nhis purchase of the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga. The company\nwas headquartered in Staunton but most of its operations were in Georgia and\nNorth Carolina, and its largest customer was Southeastern New England Telephone\nCompany. Materials include a minute book of meetings of the Board of Directors\n(largely a family owned and operated business), records of the purchase and\ndissolution of Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta, Ga., photographs of\nplants, operations and workers (some African American), a scrapbook documenting\npole production, treatment and shipping, records concerning the sale of the\ncompany assets to a newly re-constituted Piedmont Wood Preserving Company\nheadquartered in Spartanburg, S.C., and records relating to the later operations\nof the Piedmont Company as an investments holding firm.","Also, include personal and family papers of Edwin F. Conger relating to his\ndaughters, Dorothea (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker and Vivion Randolph (Conger)\nLeBow, his surviving grandchildren, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager, for\nwhom he served for a time as guardian; his interests in reforestation; and his\nphilanthropic support of local Staunton historic sites and social organizations.\nAmong these materials are also numerous photographs of family members,\nvacations, and other travel; materials concerning Conger's purchase and\noperation of a resort property at Horse Point Estates in Middlesex County, Va.;\nand a special file on the efforts of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure the release\nof Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her\nreside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients recovering from bouts\nof mental illness.","Lastly, the collection includes some financial records of Conger's wife,\nDorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger, as well as genealogical materials she collected\nprimarily on the Randolph and Tatum families; and some late financial records of\nthe Congers' daughter, Vivion (Conger) LeBow.","The first series in this collection provides background materials on the life and career of Edwin Fisher Conger (New Jersey native but long-time Staunton,\nVa., resident). His autobiography provides many helpful details on his education\nand entry into the pole-producing and treating business, introduces information\non several of the companies he acquired and operated, and presents useful\nmaterial on his lifelong interest in and support of American forestry and the\ninfluence of his forestry mentor, Dr. Carl A. Schenck (who is extensively\nfeatured later in the collection). "," Among the most important pieces in this series is the photograph album (folder\n4) compiled throughout Conger's business career (now disassembled for\npreservation purposes)-it contains important imagery of the pole-treatment\nbusiness and the operations of Conger's various companies (detailed below),\nincluding images of creosoting operations, timber lands, the Virginia Creosoting\nCompany plant in Culpeper, the Norfolk Creosoting Company plant, E.F. Conger\nCompany plant in Waynesboro, Piedmont Company plants and yards, general\noperations, and tributes to Dr. Carl A. Schenck, Conger's longtime friend and\nforestry mentor (see Series 5.2)","Edwin F. Conger's first truly successful venture into business began with the conversion of a lumber business in Lynchburg into the E. F. Conger Creosoting\nCompany (later simply known as the E. F. Conger Company). Like several of the\ncompanies he owned and operated, E. F. Conger Company over time become\nessentially a holding company for his investments, but for almost thirty years\nthis firm produced treated poles for telephone and utilities companies\nthroughout the eastern United States, his steadiest and most notable customer\nbeing Southeastern New England Telephone Company.","\nAlthough there are only limited records about the operations of the company\nhere, this series contains numerous images of the company's large treatment\nplant built and maintained at Waynesboro, Va.","Edwin F. Conger purchased and operated the Norfolk Creosoting Company for a relatively short time, but it proved to be one of his most successful ventures. Motivated by the success of E. F. Conger Company, Conger sought a facility with deep water access in order to move his operations more significantly into the coastwise trade in and supply of treated poles. The operations at Norfolk proved as important to shipping as they did to pole production and treatment.\n","The files here include a booklet produced by the Norfolk Creosoting Company long before Conger acquired it, along with another valuable photograph album documenting pole installation in the New York metropolitan area in the 1930s. Conger both collected writings about and wrote himself regarding pole treatment. Perhaps most interesting are the photographs showing the plant at Norfolk and its various operations. Because of the success of this venture, Conger was able to acquire a large number of acres of timber outside of Aiken, South Carolina (known by the name of one of its previous owners, the Hitchcock Woods). This provided him with an abundant supply of chestnut poles and also figured significantly in his future commitments to re-forestry and philanthropy. Through this company, Conger also purchased a stately residence in Staunton, Va. (\"Breezy Hill\"), which he used as a corporate headquarters (his wife served as treasurer of the company). Although the plant and some company assets were sold during World War II, the company itself did not actually dissolve until around 1950.\n","Perhaps the largest venture Conger operated during his lengthy career, Piedmont Creosoting Company (later simply the Piedmont Company) had its headquarters in Staunton, Virginia, but largest plant and operations in Augusta, Georgia. Conger acquired the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company of Augusta in the early 1930s, dissolved the existing company, and reconstituted operations as the Piedmont Creosoting Company. This company utilized pole collection yards in Connecticut to supply New England customers, and some images of those yards are included here.\n","The files in this series contain the most detailed information about any of the companies Conger operated, most importantly represented by the surviving minute book of Board of Directors' meetings for most the company's history. One of the most valuable pieces in terms of knowing the nature and extent, as well as the details, of Conger's various pole ventures comes in the form of a scrapbook (now disassembled for preservation purposes). Entitled \"From Forest to Field,\" it was prepared for Conger's eldest daughter, Dorothea, by A. B. Carlson, in June 1951. It carefully documents through text and images the operations of the Piedmont Company, using the work operations of the Company to supply an order of southern Yellow Pine poles for the Southern New England Telephone Company. The photographs were taken in the spring of 1949 and the text was drafted subsequently by Carlson of Southern New England Telephone. Poles were acquired from the \"Hitchcock Forest\" near Aiken, South Carolina, owned by E. F. Conger. The company plant in Augusta at that time shipped 100,000 poles per year. Images here show the plant and forest operations and some include depictions of African American workers. Also includes images of the treatment of poles with creosote (a mixture of oils) for preservation, as well as arrangements for shipping.\n","As noted above, this was one of Conger's firms that eventually became a holding company for investments, and some of the last files in this series document how Conger finally got out of the pole-producing and treatment business for good in the 1950s. The pole-treatment operations in Augusta and at other facilities throughout the eastern United States were eventually sold to a new company with an old name, Piedmont Wood Preserving Company, newly headquartered in Spartanburg, S.C. The file concerning the sale contains detailed materials on existing, often long-standing, company contracts that were transferred to Piedmont Wood Preserving Company, as well as materials on the sale of other assets and business contracts to Piedmont Wood Preserving Company.\n","The materials in this series primarily focus on Edwin F. Conger's personal life and family, documenting the life a successful businessman of the first half of the twentieth century might lead and the interests his fortune might encourage and support.\n","Edwin F. Conger personally retained a large amount of acreage in South Carolina that the success of the Norfolk Creosoting Company had enabled him to purchase. Some of the acreage was eventually sold to local interests for housing projects, some used to support the operations of the School of Forestry at the University of North Carolina (including the establishment of a professorship and scholarships), some set aside to honor Conger's lifelong friend and mentor, Dr. Carl A. Schenck, through the creation of a memorial forest and reforestation program (see also Series 5.2).\n        ","Edwin F. Conger studied under German forestry specialist Dr. Carl Alwin Schenck (1868-1955) before World War I and considered him a friend and mentor throughout his life. Conger's financial successes allowed him to join with other of his fellow alumni from the Biltmore Forestry School (where Schenck operated his original school on the grounds of the Biltmore estate in North Carolina) in the years immediately preceding his mentor's passing. The files here document some of those activities through a combination of text documents and photographs. One particularly interesting and unusual item is an album (with phonograph records) documenting Dr. Schenck's return visit to America: The Cavalcade of Trees for the Great: Being the Tour of Carl Alwin Schenck in America, 1951, under the Sponsorship of the American Forestry Association and graduates of the Biltmore Forest School.\n        ","The largest portion of this series of Edwin Conger's papers relates to his family and his personal affairs. These include financial records; files on local philanthropy in Staunton; activities involving his purchase and operation of a resort property in Middlesex County, Va., called Horse Point Estates; vacation trips and other travel; correspondence with, extensive photographs of, and files concerning trusts established for his two daughters and his grandchildren (most notably files on the divorce and remarriages of his eldest daughter, Dorothea Lloyd (Conger) Eager Grand Sverker, and the guardianship of her two surviving children, Howard Lloyd Eager and Edwin F. Eager).\n        ","One of the particularly interesting and unexpected files here concerns the Higgs/Redmond case: the attempt of Mrs. James A. Higgs to secure release of Lilly Redmond from Western State Hospital in Staunton in order to have her reside in an early prototype \"halfway house\" for patients with mental illness who had partially recovered (folder 95).\n        ","This series contains just a few files of the wife and second daughter of Edwin\nF. Conger. Dorothea Lloyd (Tatum) Conger (1893-1961) worked most of her years of\nmarriage as treasurer of companies her husband acquired and operated. Some of\nher letters to her two daughters are found in Conger's correspondence files. The\nfile of genealogical materials, primarily focused on her Tatum family ancestors\nand relations, is the largest grouping of materials of or about Mrs. Conger. A\nsmall amount of financial material relating to Vivion Randolph (Conger) LeBow\n(1923-2006), who left her father's papers to the Virginia Historical Society,\ncompletes the collection.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Edwin Fisher Conger papers focus primarily on several of Conger's business operations, specifically the production of treated telephone and\nelectrical poles. Two of Conger's chief operations, Norfolk Creosoting Company\nand the Piedmont Wood Preserving Company (later simply the Piedmont Company)\nfigure most heavily in the collection, along with information regarding Conger's\nfirst endeavor in this field, E.F. Conger Creosoting Company, his extensive\ntimber holdings near Aiken, South Carolina, and his financial, social, and\nphilanthropic dealings as a wealthy businessman living in Virginia.\n"],"names_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence.","Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"corpname_ssim":["E.F. Conger Company - Records and correspondence."],"persname_ssim":["Conger, Edwin Fisher, 1887-1974."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":173,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00020_c04_c05"}},{"id":"vihi_vih00003_c03_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Accounts, \n                  \n                  1833-1874","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00003_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihi_vih00003_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["vihi_vih00003_c03_c02"],"id":"vihi_vih00003_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00003","_root_":"vihi_vih00003","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00003_c03","parent_ssi":"vihi_vih00003_c03","parent_ssim":["vihi_vih00003","vihi_vih00003_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihi_vih00003","vihi_vih00003_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","Series 3: William Gray and Co. \n               \n               1833-1874"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","Series 3: William Gray and Co. \n               \n               1833-1874"],"text":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","Series 3: William Gray and Co. \n               \n               1833-1874","Accounts, \n                  \n                  1833-1874","Box 14-18","Chronological."],"title_filing_ssi":"Accounts, \n                   \n                  1833-1874","title_ssm":["Accounts, \n                  \n                  1833-1874"],"title_tesim":["Accounts, \n                  \n                  1833-1874"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Accounts, \n                  \n                  1833-1874"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"collection_ssim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":5,"containers_ssim":["Box 14-18"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihi_vih00003","ead_ssi":"vihi_vih00003","_root_":"vihi_vih00003","_nest_parent_":"vihi_vih00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vhs/vih00003.xml","title_ssm":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"title_tesim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss1 G7952 a FA2"],"text":["Mss1 G7952 a FA2","William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Bank of Virginia.","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- Richmond --\n         History -- 19th century.","England -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Fugitive slaves -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Gray, William, 1793-1873.","Harris, Joseph H., d. 1858.","Lynching -- Tennessee -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester (Va.) -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester Methodist Episcopal Church\n         (Va.)","New York (N.Y.) -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Panic (Finance) -- Virginia -- 1837.","Richmond (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","Secession.","Slaves -- Employment.","Tobacco industry -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Tobacco workers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865\n         -- Foreign public opinion.","Virginia -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","William Gray and Co. (Manchester, Va.)","4,000 (ca.) items","Collection open to all researchers.","Arranged in three series. The personal correspondence in\n         Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. The\n         business correspondence in Series 2 and Series 3 is arranged\n         alphabetically within year. Other materials grouped by\n         material type (i.e., accounts, legal documents) and arranged\n         chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically.","Alphabetical by year","Chronological.","Chronological.","William Gray was a prominent tobacco shipper and\n         manufacturer associated with several firms in Manchester, Va.\n         Born in Prince Edward County, Gray moved to Manchester (part\n         of Chesterfield County incorporated into the city of Richmond\n         in 1910), around 1810. In 1821, Gray became a partner in Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey and, twelve years later, established his own\n         firm, Willima Gray \u0026 Co. He directed the company's\n         operations until his death in 1863.","Letters received by William Gray \u0026 Co. are typical of\n         those written by factors; they acknowledge the receipt of\n         tobacco shipments and of drafts on account and give the\n         general market conditions as well as the status of the\n         manufacturer's brands. Many 1837 letters, especially those of\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co., describe the financial panic of\n         that year. A letter from D. W. Kennedy of the Northern Bank of\n         Tennessee on 2 February 1858 describes the murder of Gray's\n         partner, Joseph H. Harris, and subsequent lynching of the\n         accused slave. An 1859 letter from the New York firm of\n         Sawyer, Wallace \u0026 Co. discusses northern reaction to the\n         capture and execution of John Brown.","Through the Gilliat houses of London and Liverpool, Gray's\n         tobacco reached markets in continental Europe and Africa.\n         Because of this, Gilliat's letters often discuss the\n         international climate and its effect on the tobacco market.\n         These letters are especially noteworthy during the 1861-1863\n         period, when they give a good assessment of English merchant\n         opinion and reaction to secession, Lincoln's call for troops,\n         the blockade, and the Trent Affair. Occasionally, personal\n         letters appear among this correspondence; in 1858, for\n         example, Algernon Gilliat toured the United States and wrote\n         Gray concerning his observations and reactions.","A 1 Jan. 1868 letter from Methodist minister James A.\n         Riddick concerns Reconstruction and the Underwood convention.\n         Another from Methodist minister, William B. Rowzie, describes\n         conditions in Danville in the final days of the Civil War.","In 1821, William Gray entered into partnership with his\n         brother, James Gray, and Loring Young Pankey, in operating a\n         tobacco shipping and manufacturing firm under the name Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey. The company's papers, filed in box 7, include\n         letters, accounts, and miscellany. Several accounts pertain to\n         the purchase of cotton. Miscellany includes shipping\n         agreements and a power of attorney.","The papers of William Gray \u0026 Co., which constitute the\n         bulk of this collection, consist of letters, accounts, checks,\n         tobacco circulars, prices-current and cash and tobacco receipt\n         books. Letters, which are arranged alphabetically by year, are\n         primarily from northern and European tobacco agents (or\n         \"factors\"). Major factors include: William H. Gilliat and its\n         successor John K. Gilliat \u0026 Co. (London and Liverpool),\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co. (New York), and John Wilson \u0026\n         Co. (New York). A more extensive, although by no means\n         complete, index of Gray's correspondents appears below.\n         Although primarily a shipper of tobacco, Gray was involved at\n         various times in its manufacture, and there are some letters\n         addressed to Samuel Hardgrove \u0026 Co., a manufacturing firm,\n         during the 1837-1844 period. In 1856, Gray went into\n         partnership with Joseph H. Harris to establish a tobacco\n         stemmery in New Providence, Tennessee. Although Harris was\n         killed two years later, Gray retained his ties to New\n         Providence. There are letters addressed to Joseph H. Harris\n         for the years 1856 to 1858.","Financial records (boxes 14-18) include both accounts\n         receivable from tobacco purchasers and accounts payable for\n         tobacco and factory expenses. These are arranged\n         chronologically. Cash books list deposits and withdrawals from\n         the Bank of Virginia, 1845-1853, and the National Exchange\n         Bank, 1865-1868. The tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris\n         \u0026 Co. contain only several entries and are undated,\n         although they would be from the 1856-1858 period. Listings of\n         prices-current, mostly from Liverpool, Mobile and New Orleans,\n         contain market information on tobacco and other commodities,\n         particularly cotton. Circulars are mostly from Liverpool and\n         New York and pertain primarily to tobacco and cotton.","The folder of miscellany (box 21) contains several items of\n         note. These include: an 1825 petition to establish a boarding\n         house in Manchester, an 1834 order to Richmond's City\n         Sergeant, a bill of complaint for Howard \u0026 Lawrence v.\n         Winchester's executors, an insurance policy and financial\n         statements of the Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, report\n         cards for two of Gray's children from Randolph-Macon College\n         (1859- 1861 and 1870-1871), and an order to E. H. Ripley from\n         Richmond Provost Marshal Frederick L. Manning (USA) on April\n         3, 1865.","Letters, 1833-1873.","Letters, 1819-1827; accounts, 1819-1832; agreements\n               and powers of attorney, 1819-1827.","Cash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.).","None","Collection contains letters,\n         1833-1873, written to William Gray as a director of the Bank\n         of Virginia, officer of the Manchester Methodist Episcopal\n         Church, trustee of the town of Manchester, Va., justice of the\n         peace for Chesterfield County, Va., and owner of William Gray\n         \u0026 Co. (a tobacco manufacturing and shipping firm).\n         Correspondence in part concerns the tobacco trade and hiring\n         out slaves to Richmond tobacco factories; fugitive slaves and\n         free blacks; and the education of children. Also includes\n         letters, 1833-1874, accounts, banking records, and other\n         business records of William Gray \u0026 Co., in part concerning\n         tobacco agents primarily in London, Eng., and New York City,\n         the financial Panic of 1837, the murder of Gray's partner,\n         Joseph H. Harris, by a slave in New Providence, Tenn. (who was\n         subsequently lynched), and European reaction to secession and\n         the American Civil War.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss1 G7952 a FA2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"collection_ssim":["William Gray Papers, \n         \n         1793-1873"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Historical Society"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Historical Society"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Robert B. Mayo, Richmond, Va., in 1986.\n            Accessioned 25 July 1988."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Bank of Virginia.","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- Richmond --\n         History -- 19th century.","England -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Fugitive slaves -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Gray, William, 1793-1873.","Harris, Joseph H., d. 1858.","Lynching -- Tennessee -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester (Va.) -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester Methodist Episcopal Church\n         (Va.)","New York (N.Y.) -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Panic (Finance) -- Virginia -- 1837.","Richmond (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","Secession.","Slaves -- Employment.","Tobacco industry -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Tobacco workers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865\n         -- Foreign public opinion.","Virginia -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","William Gray and Co. (Manchester, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Bank of Virginia.","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- Richmond --\n         History -- 19th century.","England -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Fugitive slaves -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Gray, William, 1793-1873.","Harris, Joseph H., d. 1858.","Lynching -- Tennessee -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester (Va.) -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Manchester Methodist Episcopal Church\n         (Va.)","New York (N.Y.) -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Panic (Finance) -- Virginia -- 1837.","Richmond (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","Secession.","Slaves -- Employment.","Tobacco industry -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","Tobacco workers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- Economic conditions -- 19th\n         century.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865\n         -- Foreign public opinion.","Virginia -- Commerce -- History -- 19th\n         century.","William Gray and Co. (Manchester, Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4,000 (ca.) items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in three series. The personal correspondence in\n         Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. The\n         business correspondence in Series 2 and Series 3 is arranged\n         alphabetically within year. Other materials grouped by\n         material type (i.e., accounts, legal documents) and arranged\n         chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by year\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in three series. The personal correspondence in\n         Series 1 is arranged alphabetically by correspondent. The\n         business correspondence in Series 2 and Series 3 is arranged\n         alphabetically within year. Other materials grouped by\n         material type (i.e., accounts, legal documents) and arranged\n         chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically.","Alphabetical by year","Chronological.","Chronological."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gray was a prominent tobacco shipper and\n         manufacturer associated with several firms in Manchester, Va.\n         Born in Prince Edward County, Gray moved to Manchester (part\n         of Chesterfield County incorporated into the city of Richmond\n         in 1910), around 1810. In 1821, Gray became a partner in Gray\n         \u0026amp; Pankey and, twelve years later, established his own\n         firm, Willima Gray \u0026amp; Co. He directed the company's\n         operations until his death in 1863.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Gray was a prominent tobacco shipper and\n         manufacturer associated with several firms in Manchester, Va.\n         Born in Prince Edward County, Gray moved to Manchester (part\n         of Chesterfield County incorporated into the city of Richmond\n         in 1910), around 1810. In 1821, Gray became a partner in Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey and, twelve years later, established his own\n         firm, Willima Gray \u0026 Co. He directed the company's\n         operations until his death in 1863."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gray Papers, 1819-1874 (Mss1 G7952 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["William Gray Papers, 1819-1874 (Mss1 G7952 a FA2),\n            Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters received by William Gray \u0026amp; Co. are typical of\n         those written by factors; they acknowledge the receipt of\n         tobacco shipments and of drafts on account and give the\n         general market conditions as well as the status of the\n         manufacturer's brands. Many 1837 letters, especially those of\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026amp; Co., describe the financial panic of\n         that year. A letter from D. W. Kennedy of the Northern Bank of\n         Tennessee on 2 February 1858 describes the murder of Gray's\n         partner, Joseph H. Harris, and subsequent lynching of the\n         accused slave. An 1859 letter from the New York firm of\n         Sawyer, Wallace \u0026amp; Co. discusses northern reaction to the\n         capture and execution of John Brown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough the Gilliat houses of London and Liverpool, Gray's\n         tobacco reached markets in continental Europe and Africa.\n         Because of this, Gilliat's letters often discuss the\n         international climate and its effect on the tobacco market.\n         These letters are especially noteworthy during the 1861-1863\n         period, when they give a good assessment of English merchant\n         opinion and reaction to secession, Lincoln's call for troops,\n         the blockade, and the Trent Affair. Occasionally, personal\n         letters appear among this correspondence; in 1858, for\n         example, Algernon Gilliat toured the United States and wrote\n         Gray concerning his observations and reactions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA 1 Jan. 1868 letter from Methodist minister James A.\n         Riddick concerns Reconstruction and the Underwood convention.\n         Another from Methodist minister, William B. Rowzie, describes\n         conditions in Danville in the final days of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1821, William Gray entered into partnership with his\n         brother, James Gray, and Loring Young Pankey, in operating a\n         tobacco shipping and manufacturing firm under the name Gray\n         \u0026amp; Pankey. The company's papers, filed in box 7, include\n         letters, accounts, and miscellany. Several accounts pertain to\n         the purchase of cotton. Miscellany includes shipping\n         agreements and a power of attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of William Gray \u0026amp; Co., which constitute the\n         bulk of this collection, consist of letters, accounts, checks,\n         tobacco circulars, prices-current and cash and tobacco receipt\n         books. Letters, which are arranged alphabetically by year, are\n         primarily from northern and European tobacco agents (or\n         \"factors\"). Major factors include: William H. Gilliat and its\n         successor John K. Gilliat \u0026amp; Co. (London and Liverpool),\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026amp; Co. (New York), and John Wilson \u0026amp;\n         Co. (New York). A more extensive, although by no means\n         complete, index of Gray's correspondents appears below.\n         Although primarily a shipper of tobacco, Gray was involved at\n         various times in its manufacture, and there are some letters\n         addressed to Samuel Hardgrove \u0026amp; Co., a manufacturing firm,\n         during the 1837-1844 period. In 1856, Gray went into\n         partnership with Joseph H. Harris to establish a tobacco\n         stemmery in New Providence, Tennessee. Although Harris was\n         killed two years later, Gray retained his ties to New\n         Providence. There are letters addressed to Joseph H. Harris\n         for the years 1856 to 1858.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records (boxes 14-18) include both accounts\n         receivable from tobacco purchasers and accounts payable for\n         tobacco and factory expenses. These are arranged\n         chronologically. Cash books list deposits and withdrawals from\n         the Bank of Virginia, 1845-1853, and the National Exchange\n         Bank, 1865-1868. The tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris\n         \u0026amp; Co. contain only several entries and are undated,\n         although they would be from the 1856-1858 period. Listings of\n         prices-current, mostly from Liverpool, Mobile and New Orleans,\n         contain market information on tobacco and other commodities,\n         particularly cotton. Circulars are mostly from Liverpool and\n         New York and pertain primarily to tobacco and cotton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder of miscellany (box 21) contains several items of\n         note. These include: an 1825 petition to establish a boarding\n         house in Manchester, an 1834 order to Richmond's City\n         Sergeant, a bill of complaint for Howard \u0026amp; Lawrence v.\n         Winchester's executors, an insurance policy and financial\n         statements of the Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, report\n         cards for two of Gray's children from Randolph-Macon College\n         (1859- 1861 and 1870-1871), and an order to E. H. Ripley from\n         Richmond Provost Marshal Frederick L. Manning (USA) on April\n         3, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1833-1873.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1819-1827; accounts, 1819-1832; agreements\n               and powers of attorney, 1819-1827.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters received by William Gray \u0026 Co. are typical of\n         those written by factors; they acknowledge the receipt of\n         tobacco shipments and of drafts on account and give the\n         general market conditions as well as the status of the\n         manufacturer's brands. Many 1837 letters, especially those of\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co., describe the financial panic of\n         that year. A letter from D. W. Kennedy of the Northern Bank of\n         Tennessee on 2 February 1858 describes the murder of Gray's\n         partner, Joseph H. Harris, and subsequent lynching of the\n         accused slave. An 1859 letter from the New York firm of\n         Sawyer, Wallace \u0026 Co. discusses northern reaction to the\n         capture and execution of John Brown.","Through the Gilliat houses of London and Liverpool, Gray's\n         tobacco reached markets in continental Europe and Africa.\n         Because of this, Gilliat's letters often discuss the\n         international climate and its effect on the tobacco market.\n         These letters are especially noteworthy during the 1861-1863\n         period, when they give a good assessment of English merchant\n         opinion and reaction to secession, Lincoln's call for troops,\n         the blockade, and the Trent Affair. Occasionally, personal\n         letters appear among this correspondence; in 1858, for\n         example, Algernon Gilliat toured the United States and wrote\n         Gray concerning his observations and reactions.","A 1 Jan. 1868 letter from Methodist minister James A.\n         Riddick concerns Reconstruction and the Underwood convention.\n         Another from Methodist minister, William B. Rowzie, describes\n         conditions in Danville in the final days of the Civil War.","In 1821, William Gray entered into partnership with his\n         brother, James Gray, and Loring Young Pankey, in operating a\n         tobacco shipping and manufacturing firm under the name Gray\n         \u0026 Pankey. The company's papers, filed in box 7, include\n         letters, accounts, and miscellany. Several accounts pertain to\n         the purchase of cotton. Miscellany includes shipping\n         agreements and a power of attorney.","The papers of William Gray \u0026 Co., which constitute the\n         bulk of this collection, consist of letters, accounts, checks,\n         tobacco circulars, prices-current and cash and tobacco receipt\n         books. Letters, which are arranged alphabetically by year, are\n         primarily from northern and European tobacco agents (or\n         \"factors\"). Major factors include: William H. Gilliat and its\n         successor John K. Gilliat \u0026 Co. (London and Liverpool),\n         Cornelius DuBois \u0026 Co. (New York), and John Wilson \u0026\n         Co. (New York). A more extensive, although by no means\n         complete, index of Gray's correspondents appears below.\n         Although primarily a shipper of tobacco, Gray was involved at\n         various times in its manufacture, and there are some letters\n         addressed to Samuel Hardgrove \u0026 Co., a manufacturing firm,\n         during the 1837-1844 period. In 1856, Gray went into\n         partnership with Joseph H. Harris to establish a tobacco\n         stemmery in New Providence, Tennessee. Although Harris was\n         killed two years later, Gray retained his ties to New\n         Providence. There are letters addressed to Joseph H. Harris\n         for the years 1856 to 1858.","Financial records (boxes 14-18) include both accounts\n         receivable from tobacco purchasers and accounts payable for\n         tobacco and factory expenses. These are arranged\n         chronologically. Cash books list deposits and withdrawals from\n         the Bank of Virginia, 1845-1853, and the National Exchange\n         Bank, 1865-1868. The tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris\n         \u0026 Co. contain only several entries and are undated,\n         although they would be from the 1856-1858 period. Listings of\n         prices-current, mostly from Liverpool, Mobile and New Orleans,\n         contain market information on tobacco and other commodities,\n         particularly cotton. Circulars are mostly from Liverpool and\n         New York and pertain primarily to tobacco and cotton.","The folder of miscellany (box 21) contains several items of\n         note. These include: an 1825 petition to establish a boarding\n         house in Manchester, an 1834 order to Richmond's City\n         Sergeant, a bill of complaint for Howard \u0026 Lawrence v.\n         Winchester's executors, an insurance policy and financial\n         statements of the Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, report\n         cards for two of Gray's children from Randolph-Macon College\n         (1859- 1861 and 1870-1871), and an order to E. H. Ripley from\n         Richmond Provost Marshal Frederick L. Manning (USA) on April\n         3, 1865.","Letters, 1833-1873.","Letters, 1819-1827; accounts, 1819-1832; agreements\n               and powers of attorney, 1819-1827.","Cash book, 1845-1853; cash book, 1856-1868;\n                  tobacco receipt books of Joseph H. Harris and Co. (2\n                  v.)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCollection contains letters,\n         1833-1873, written to William Gray as a director of the Bank\n         of Virginia, officer of the Manchester Methodist Episcopal\n         Church, trustee of the town of Manchester, Va., justice of the\n         peace for Chesterfield County, Va., and owner of William Gray\n         \u0026amp; Co. (a tobacco manufacturing and shipping firm).\n         Correspondence in part concerns the tobacco trade and hiring\n         out slaves to Richmond tobacco factories; fugitive slaves and\n         free blacks; and the education of children. Also includes\n         letters, 1833-1874, accounts, banking records, and other\n         business records of William Gray \u0026amp; Co., in part concerning\n         tobacco agents primarily in London, Eng., and New York City,\n         the financial Panic of 1837, the murder of Gray's partner,\n         Joseph H. Harris, by a slave in New Providence, Tenn. (who was\n         subsequently lynched), and European reaction to secession and\n         the American Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Collection contains letters,\n         1833-1873, written to William Gray as a director of the Bank\n         of Virginia, officer of the Manchester Methodist Episcopal\n         Church, trustee of the town of Manchester, Va., justice of the\n         peace for Chesterfield County, Va., and owner of William Gray\n         \u0026 Co. (a tobacco manufacturing and shipping firm).\n         Correspondence in part concerns the tobacco trade and hiring\n         out slaves to Richmond tobacco factories; fugitive slaves and\n         free blacks; and the education of children. Also includes\n         letters, 1833-1874, accounts, banking records, and other\n         business records of William Gray \u0026 Co., in part concerning\n         tobacco agents primarily in London, Eng., and New York City,\n         the financial Panic of 1837, the murder of Gray's partner,\n         Joseph H. Harris, by a slave in New Providence, Tenn. (who was\n         subsequently lynched), and European reaction to secession and\n         the American Civil War."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:52:57.653Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihi_vih00003_c03_c02"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Historical Society","value":"Virginia Historical Society","hits":1374},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Historical+Society\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the J. 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