{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47460","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47459","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47461","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47544"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47460,"next_page":47461,"prev_page":47459,"total_pages":47544,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":474590,"total_count":475431,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04744_c01_c193","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, \n\t2012","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04744_c01_c193#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04744_c01_c193","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04744_c01_c193"],"id":"vi_vi04744_c01_c193","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04744","_root_":"vi_vi04744","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04744_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04744_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04744","vi_vi04744_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04744","vi_vi04744_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, \n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, \n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, \n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013).","Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, \n\t2012","box 18","folder 8"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, \n\t 2012","title_ssm":["Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, \n\t2012"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, \n\t2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, \n\t2012"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":194,"containers_ssim":["box 18","folder 8"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#192","timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:06.525Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04744","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04744","_root_":"vi_vi04744","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04744","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04744.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["51125\n"],"text":["51125\n","Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)","There are no restrictions. \n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, 2002-2014; Series II: Decision Memoranda and Briefs, 2010-2013; Series III: Legislative Files, 2007-2013; Series IV: Public Relations, Activities, and Visits, 2010-2013.","In 1970, the Governor's Management Commission Study recommended the creation of six \"Deputy Governors\" to assist the Chief Executive in his managerial duties. Compatible functions of government were grouped under these administrative heads, who would serve as the Governor's top management team. The Office of Secretary of Commerce and Resources was created on April 8, 1972. The Secretary of Commerce and Resources was responsible for assisting the Governor in implementing policies for the conservation and use of natural resources, for promoting economic development, providing managerial guidance and direction to Commerce and Resources agencies, and developing and promoting Commerce and Resources programs and budgets. In 1984 the Secretariat was split into two separate offices, the Secretary of Economic Development and the Secretary of Natural Resources.","The Secretary of Natural Resources is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, and is appointed by the governor, and is subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The Secretary of Natural Resources was responsible for the direction of, or had jurisdiction over, the following state agencies and boards: Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Department of Historic Resources, Marine Resources Commission, Museum of Natural History, and the Virginia Council on Indians. The Secretary of Natural Resources also served as the chairman of the Virginia Land Conservation Foundation, and was a Board Member of the Chesapeake Bay Commission. Additionally, the Secretary of Natural Resources was responsible for many smaller boards and commissions related to water control, pollution, rivers, waste management, and other environmental and recreational issues.","Douglas W. Domenech was appointed Secretary of Natural Resources in January 2010 and served for the entire administration of Governor Robert F. McDonnell. Maureen Matson served as Deputy Secretary of Natural Resources; Sara Benghauser served as Assistant Secretary of Natural Resources; and Anthony Moore served as Deputy Secretary for Chesapeake Bay Restoration.","Records, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013), created and maintained by Secretary of Natural Resources, Douglas W. Domenech, during the administration of Governor Robert F. McDonnell (2010-2014). The records include agendas, correspondence, decision briefs, memorandum, presentations, programs, reports, studies, and other working papers. There is correspondence and subject files that relate to Secretary Domenech, the state agencies that he oversees, environmental organizations that operate in Virginia, and projects initiated by Governor McDonnell. Legislative files contain material related to bills that were either under the purview of the Secretary of Natural Resources or upon which the Secretary wished to comment. ","Wherever possible, the original order of the files has been maintained.","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013), is housed in eighteen boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. Included is correspondence, manuals, minutes, memorandum, publications, reports, studies, surveys, and other related materials. Of note are the files related to the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay including board meeting minutes, correspondence, memorandum, publications, reports, and strategic plans for Phase I and Phase II of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Implementation Plan. Also of note are the files on the FMFADA (Fort Monroe Federal Area Development Authority). The 2005 BRAC (Base Realignment and Closure Commission) closed the military facilities on Fort Monroe and the FMFADA was created to establish a Reuse Plan for Fort Monroe when it was reverted to the Commonwealth of Virginia. The files include agreements, correspondence, environmental impact studies, manuals, meeting minutes, memorandum, reports, and other sundry materials.","Included are files regarding the Chickahominy Indian Tribe and the Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2009 (S. 1178). Also included is a file regarding the establishment of The Hand Site historical highway marker for the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indians of Southampton County, Virginia. Other files include federal projects such as energy efficiency and offshore wind; land and easement acquisitions by the Dept. of Conservation and Recreation; Governor's Commission on Economic Development and Job Creation; uranium mining; Smith Mountain Lake shoreline management; oyster management; and invasive species, among others. \n","Series II: Decision Memoranda and Briefs, 2010-2013, is housed in six boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. This series includes correspondence, decision briefs, memorandum, requests, and other related materials. Included are decision tracking sheets with attached correspondence or memoranda detailing the topics. Also included are critical hiring requests for the Dept. of Conservation and Recreation, Dept. of Environmental Quality, Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries, Dept. of Historic Resources, Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia Museum of Natural History.\n","Series III: Legislative files, 2007-2013, is housed in twenty boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. This series includes agendas, budget materials, conference programs, correspondence, memorandum, newsclippings, presentations, press releases, reports, studies, and other sundry materials. Many of the records in this series contain information on various natural resources-related projects and issues, while other files contain agency-specific administrative information, general correspondence (including a limited amount of constituent correspondence), agency strategic plans, and meeting material, including agendas, print-outs of presentations, and minutes. Topics include energy, offshore wind, uranium mining, water conservation, and others. Of note are several folders relating to Offshore Wind Energy and the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). There is much overlap between the Offshore Wind and OCS files. The Federal government awarded Virginia with an OCS oil and gas lease sale in March of 2010 but later cancelled the sale. \n","Included are legislative action summaries which often contain a summary of the bill; a summary of constituents who would be affected; the recommendation of the agency within the Secretary of Natural Resources as to whether the Governor should sign, veto, or amend the bill; and the recommendation of the Secretary as to whether the Governor should sign, veto, or amend the bill. Legislative action summaries are also included in other series.","Also included are correspondence and subject files relating to the state agencies that are overseen by the Secretary of Natural Resources: the Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia Museum of Natural History.","Series IV: Public Relations, Activities, and Visits, 2010-2013, is housed in three and a half boxes and with general materials arranged to the front. This series includes agendas, directions, event schedules, invitations, newsclippings, and other sundry materials. The bulk of the series include invitations to Douglas W. Domenech and Maureen Matsen. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["51125\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources,\n2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":[" Virginia. Office of the Secretary of Natural Resources\n"],"creator_ssim":[" Virginia. Office of the Secretary of Natural Resources\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred on 8 January 2014 by the Office of the Secretary of Natural Resources, 1111 East Broad Street, 4th Floor, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["16.5 cu.ft. (47 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["16.5 cu.ft. (47 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions. \n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, 2002-2014;\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Decision Memoranda and Briefs, 2010-2013;\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Legislative Files, 2007-2013;\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Public Relations, Activities, and Visits, 2010-2013.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, 2002-2014; Series II: Decision Memoranda and Briefs, 2010-2013; Series III: Legislative Files, 2007-2013; Series IV: Public Relations, Activities, and Visits, 2010-2013."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the Governor's Management Commission Study recommended the creation of six \"Deputy Governors\" to assist the Chief Executive in his managerial duties. Compatible functions of government were grouped under these administrative heads, who would serve as the Governor's top management team. The Office of Secretary of Commerce and Resources was created on April 8, 1972. The Secretary of Commerce and Resources was responsible for assisting the Governor in implementing policies for the conservation and use of natural resources, for promoting economic development, providing managerial guidance and direction to Commerce and Resources agencies, and developing and promoting Commerce and Resources programs and budgets. In 1984 the Secretariat was split into two separate offices, the Secretary of Economic Development and the Secretary of Natural Resources.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Secretary of Natural Resources is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, and is appointed by the governor, and is subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The Secretary of Natural Resources was responsible for the direction of, or had jurisdiction over, the following state agencies and boards: Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Department of Historic Resources, Marine Resources Commission, Museum of Natural History, and the Virginia Council on Indians. The Secretary of Natural Resources also served as the chairman of the Virginia Land Conservation Foundation, and was a Board Member of the Chesapeake Bay Commission. Additionally, the Secretary of Natural Resources was responsible for many smaller boards and commissions related to water control, pollution, rivers, waste management, and other environmental and recreational issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas W. Domenech was appointed Secretary of Natural Resources in January 2010 and served for the entire administration of Governor Robert F. McDonnell. Maureen Matson served as Deputy Secretary of Natural Resources; Sara Benghauser served as Assistant Secretary of Natural Resources; and Anthony Moore served as Deputy Secretary for Chesapeake Bay Restoration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1970, the Governor's Management Commission Study recommended the creation of six \"Deputy Governors\" to assist the Chief Executive in his managerial duties. Compatible functions of government were grouped under these administrative heads, who would serve as the Governor's top management team. The Office of Secretary of Commerce and Resources was created on April 8, 1972. The Secretary of Commerce and Resources was responsible for assisting the Governor in implementing policies for the conservation and use of natural resources, for promoting economic development, providing managerial guidance and direction to Commerce and Resources agencies, and developing and promoting Commerce and Resources programs and budgets. In 1984 the Secretariat was split into two separate offices, the Secretary of Economic Development and the Secretary of Natural Resources.","The Secretary of Natural Resources is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, and is appointed by the governor, and is subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The Secretary of Natural Resources was responsible for the direction of, or had jurisdiction over, the following state agencies and boards: Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Department of Historic Resources, Marine Resources Commission, Museum of Natural History, and the Virginia Council on Indians. The Secretary of Natural Resources also served as the chairman of the Virginia Land Conservation Foundation, and was a Board Member of the Chesapeake Bay Commission. Additionally, the Secretary of Natural Resources was responsible for many smaller boards and commissions related to water control, pollution, rivers, waste management, and other environmental and recreational issues.","Douglas W. Domenech was appointed Secretary of Natural Resources in January 2010 and served for the entire administration of Governor Robert F. McDonnell. Maureen Matson served as Deputy Secretary of Natural Resources; Sara Benghauser served as Assistant Secretary of Natural Resources; and Anthony Moore served as Deputy Secretary for Chesapeake Bay Restoration."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013). Accession 51125, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Secretary of Natural Resources, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013). Accession 51125, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013), created and maintained by Secretary of Natural Resources, Douglas W. Domenech, during the administration of Governor Robert F. McDonnell (2010-2014). The records include agendas, correspondence, decision briefs, memorandum, presentations, programs, reports, studies, and other working papers. There is correspondence and subject files that relate to Secretary Domenech, the state agencies that he oversees, environmental organizations that operate in Virginia, and projects initiated by Governor McDonnell. Legislative files contain material related to bills that were either under the purview of the Secretary of Natural Resources or upon which the Secretary wished to comment. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWherever possible, the original order of the files has been maintained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013), is housed in eighteen boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. Included is correspondence, manuals, minutes, memorandum, publications, reports, studies, surveys, and other related materials. Of note are the files related to the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay including board meeting minutes, correspondence, memorandum, publications, reports, and strategic plans for Phase I and Phase II of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Implementation Plan. Also of note are the files on the FMFADA (Fort Monroe Federal Area Development Authority). The 2005 BRAC (Base Realignment and Closure Commission) closed the military facilities on Fort Monroe and the FMFADA was created to establish a Reuse Plan for Fort Monroe when it was reverted to the Commonwealth of Virginia. The files include agreements, correspondence, environmental impact studies, manuals, meeting minutes, memorandum, reports, and other sundry materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are files regarding the Chickahominy Indian Tribe and the Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2009 (S. 1178). Also included is a file regarding the establishment of The Hand Site historical highway marker for the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indians of Southampton County, Virginia. Other files include federal projects such as energy efficiency and offshore wind; land and easement acquisitions by the Dept. of Conservation and Recreation; Governor's Commission on Economic Development and Job Creation; uranium mining; Smith Mountain Lake shoreline management; oyster management; and invasive species, among others. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Decision Memoranda and Briefs, 2010-2013, is housed in six boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. This series includes correspondence, decision briefs, memorandum, requests, and other related materials. Included are decision tracking sheets with attached correspondence or memoranda detailing the topics. Also included are critical hiring requests for the Dept. of Conservation and Recreation, Dept. of Environmental Quality, Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries, Dept. of Historic Resources, Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia Museum of Natural History.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Legislative files, 2007-2013, is housed in twenty boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. This series includes agendas, budget materials, conference programs, correspondence, memorandum, newsclippings, presentations, press releases, reports, studies, and other sundry materials. Many of the records in this series contain information on various natural resources-related projects and issues, while other files contain agency-specific administrative information, general correspondence (including a limited amount of constituent correspondence), agency strategic plans, and meeting material, including agendas, print-outs of presentations, and minutes. Topics include energy, offshore wind, uranium mining, water conservation, and others. Of note are several folders relating to Offshore Wind Energy and the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). There is much overlap between the Offshore Wind and OCS files. The Federal government awarded Virginia with an OCS oil and gas lease sale in March of 2010 but later cancelled the sale. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are legislative action summaries which often contain a summary of the bill; a summary of constituents who would be affected; the recommendation of the agency within the Secretary of Natural Resources as to whether the Governor should sign, veto, or amend the bill; and the recommendation of the Secretary as to whether the Governor should sign, veto, or amend the bill. Legislative action summaries are also included in other series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included are correspondence and subject files relating to the state agencies that are overseen by the Secretary of Natural Resources: the Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia Museum of Natural History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Public Relations, Activities, and Visits, 2010-2013, is housed in three and a half boxes and with general materials arranged to the front. This series includes agendas, directions, event schedules, invitations, newsclippings, and other sundry materials. The bulk of the series include invitations to Douglas W. Domenech and Maureen Matsen. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013), created and maintained by Secretary of Natural Resources, Douglas W. Domenech, during the administration of Governor Robert F. McDonnell (2010-2014). The records include agendas, correspondence, decision briefs, memorandum, presentations, programs, reports, studies, and other working papers. There is correspondence and subject files that relate to Secretary Domenech, the state agencies that he oversees, environmental organizations that operate in Virginia, and projects initiated by Governor McDonnell. Legislative files contain material related to bills that were either under the purview of the Secretary of Natural Resources or upon which the Secretary wished to comment. ","Wherever possible, the original order of the files has been maintained.","Series I: Correspondence and Supporting Documentation, 2002-2014 (bulk 2009-2013), is housed in eighteen boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. Included is correspondence, manuals, minutes, memorandum, publications, reports, studies, surveys, and other related materials. Of note are the files related to the restoration of the Chesapeake Bay including board meeting minutes, correspondence, memorandum, publications, reports, and strategic plans for Phase I and Phase II of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Implementation Plan. Also of note are the files on the FMFADA (Fort Monroe Federal Area Development Authority). The 2005 BRAC (Base Realignment and Closure Commission) closed the military facilities on Fort Monroe and the FMFADA was created to establish a Reuse Plan for Fort Monroe when it was reverted to the Commonwealth of Virginia. The files include agreements, correspondence, environmental impact studies, manuals, meeting minutes, memorandum, reports, and other sundry materials.","Included are files regarding the Chickahominy Indian Tribe and the Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2009 (S. 1178). Also included is a file regarding the establishment of The Hand Site historical highway marker for the Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indians of Southampton County, Virginia. Other files include federal projects such as energy efficiency and offshore wind; land and easement acquisitions by the Dept. of Conservation and Recreation; Governor's Commission on Economic Development and Job Creation; uranium mining; Smith Mountain Lake shoreline management; oyster management; and invasive species, among others. \n","Series II: Decision Memoranda and Briefs, 2010-2013, is housed in six boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. This series includes correspondence, decision briefs, memorandum, requests, and other related materials. Included are decision tracking sheets with attached correspondence or memoranda detailing the topics. Also included are critical hiring requests for the Dept. of Conservation and Recreation, Dept. of Environmental Quality, Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries, Dept. of Historic Resources, Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia Museum of Natural History.\n","Series III: Legislative files, 2007-2013, is housed in twenty boxes and arranged alphabetically by folder title. This series includes agendas, budget materials, conference programs, correspondence, memorandum, newsclippings, presentations, press releases, reports, studies, and other sundry materials. Many of the records in this series contain information on various natural resources-related projects and issues, while other files contain agency-specific administrative information, general correspondence (including a limited amount of constituent correspondence), agency strategic plans, and meeting material, including agendas, print-outs of presentations, and minutes. Topics include energy, offshore wind, uranium mining, water conservation, and others. Of note are several folders relating to Offshore Wind Energy and the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). There is much overlap between the Offshore Wind and OCS files. The Federal government awarded Virginia with an OCS oil and gas lease sale in March of 2010 but later cancelled the sale. \n","Included are legislative action summaries which often contain a summary of the bill; a summary of constituents who would be affected; the recommendation of the agency within the Secretary of Natural Resources as to whether the Governor should sign, veto, or amend the bill; and the recommendation of the Secretary as to whether the Governor should sign, veto, or amend the bill. Legislative action summaries are also included in other series.","Also included are correspondence and subject files relating to the state agencies that are overseen by the Secretary of Natural Resources: the Department of Conservation and Recreation, Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, Marine Resources Commission, and the Virginia Museum of Natural History.","Series IV: Public Relations, Activities, and Visits, 2010-2013, is housed in three and a half boxes and with general materials arranged to the front. This series includes agendas, directions, event schedules, invitations, newsclippings, and other sundry materials. The bulk of the series include invitations to Douglas W. Domenech and Maureen Matsen. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":391,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:06.525Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04744_c01_c193"}},{"id":"vi_vi00960_c01_c02_c100","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pageant, 1932","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00960_c01_c02_c100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00960_c01_c02_c100","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00960_c01_c02_c100"],"id":"vi_vi00960_c01_c02_c100","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00960","_root_":"vi_vi00960","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00960_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00960_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00960","vi_vi00960_c01","vi_vi00960_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00960","vi_vi00960_c01","vi_vi00960_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)","Subseries B: Correspndence, Dead File, 1927-1950"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)","Subseries B: Correspndence, Dead File, 1927-1950"],"text":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)","Subseries B: Correspndence, Dead File, 1927-1950","Yorktown Pageant, 1932","box 70","folder 11"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pageant, 1932\n","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pageant, 1932"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pageant, 1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pageant, 1932"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":761,"containers_ssim":["box 70","folder 11"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#99","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00960","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00960","_root_":"vi_vi00960","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00960","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00960.xml","title_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"title_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n"],"text":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n","Records,\n1927-1950","49.52 cubic feet","Collection is open to research.\n","Organized into the following series:\n","I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n IV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n V. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n","The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n","In 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n","In addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n","The Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n","The Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n","The creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n","For researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n","The Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n","Oversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n","It is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","The Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n","This subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n"," The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n"," This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n Richmond Battlefield Park\n . Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n"," Correspondence with\n William A. Wright\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n Shenandoah National Park\n  includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n Wright Brothers\n ) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n Rowland Egger\n ) and Conrad (\n P. Tulane Atkinson\n , 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n John Garland Pollard\n , 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n Growth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n  (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n"," Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n","This subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n","The most significant correspondence are between\n William E. Carson\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n","Notable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n","Of note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n","Topics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n","The correspondence of\n Bryan Conrad\n , contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n","Correspondence between\n Douglas Southall Freeman\n  and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n","Wilbur C. Hall\n  was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n","The correspondence of\n M.F. Pleasants\n , Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n Highway Department and Markers\n .\n","Also of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n Mrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n  and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n Virginia World War II History\n ).\n","Additional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n","The Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n","In September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n","Most of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n","This subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n","A few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n","This subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n","The Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n","In October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n","The Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n","This subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n","This series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n","The Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n","Contents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n The Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n , 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n Glen Mary: Past and Present\n  by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n Directory of Surry County, Virginia\n , 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"collection_ssim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History\n"],"creator_ssim":["Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessions 24806a-c transferred from History Division, Virginia State Library on 30 June 1958; Accession 25913 transferred from Historic Publications Division, Virginia State Library on 21 November 1963;\nAccession 41571 transferred to Archives on 29 November 2004.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["49.52 cubic feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eI. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eII. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIII. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eV. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into the following series:\n","I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n IV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n V. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n","In 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n","In addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n","The Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927-1950. Accession 24806a-c, 25913 and 41571, State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927-1950. Accession 24806a-c, 25913 and 41571, State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eRichmond Battlefield Park\n\u003c/emph\u003e. Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence with\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eWilliam A. Wright\n\u003c/emph\u003e, chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eShenandoah National Park\n\u003c/emph\u003e includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eWright Brothers\n\u003c/emph\u003e) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eRowland Egger\n\u003c/emph\u003e) and Conrad (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eP. Tulane Atkinson\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eJohn Garland Pollard\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGrowth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n\u003c/emph\u003e (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe most significant correspondence are between\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eWilliam E. Carson\n\u003c/title\u003e, chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eBryan Conrad\n\u003c/title\u003e, contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eDouglas Southall Freeman\n\u003c/title\u003e and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eWilbur C. Hall\n\u003c/title\u003e was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eM.F. Pleasants\n\u003c/title\u003e, Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eHighway Department and Markers\n\u003c/title\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eMrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n\u003c/title\u003e and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia World War II History\n\u003c/title\u003e).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGlen Mary: Past and Present\n\u003c/emph\u003e by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDirectory of Surry County, Virginia\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n","The creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n","For researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n","The Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n","Oversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n","It is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","The Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n","This subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n"," The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n"," This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n Richmond Battlefield Park\n . Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n"," Correspondence with\n William A. Wright\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n Shenandoah National Park\n  includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n Wright Brothers\n ) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n Rowland Egger\n ) and Conrad (\n P. Tulane Atkinson\n , 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n John Garland Pollard\n , 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n Growth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n  (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n"," Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n","This subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n","The most significant correspondence are between\n William E. Carson\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n","Notable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n","Of note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n","Topics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n","The correspondence of\n Bryan Conrad\n , contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n","Correspondence between\n Douglas Southall Freeman\n  and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n","Wilbur C. Hall\n  was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n","The correspondence of\n M.F. Pleasants\n , Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n Highway Department and Markers\n .\n","Also of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n Mrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n  and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n Virginia World War II History\n ).\n","Additional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n","The Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n","In September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n","Most of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n","This subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n","A few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n","This subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n","The Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n","In October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n","The Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n","This subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n","This series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n","The Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n","Contents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n The Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n , 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n Glen Mary: Past and Present\n  by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n Directory of Surry County, Virginia\n , 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1299,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00960_c01_c02_c100"}},{"id":"vi_vi00298_c05_c02_c133","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Park--Colonial National Historical Park","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00298_c05_c02_c133#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00298_c05_c02_c133","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00298_c05_c02_c133"],"id":"vi_vi00298_c05_c02_c133","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00298","_root_":"vi_vi00298","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00298_c05_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00298_c05_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00298","vi_vi00298_c05","vi_vi00298_c05_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00298","vi_vi00298_c05","vi_vi00298_c05_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977","87th Congress, 1961-1962.","Committees, General Files [and General Legislation]."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977","87th Congress, 1961-1962.","Committees, General Files [and General Legislation]."],"text":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977","87th Congress, 1961-1962.","Committees, General Files [and General Legislation].","Yorktown Park--Colonial National Historical Park","box 41"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Park--Colonial National Historical Park","title_ssm":["Yorktown Park--Colonial National Historical Park"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Park--Colonial National Historical Park"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Park--Colonial National Historical Park"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":306,"containers_ssim":["box 41"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1/components#132","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:04:27.719Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00298","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00298","_root_":"vi_vi00298","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00298","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00298.xml","title_ssm":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977"],"title_tesim":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["29773\n"],"text":["29773\n","Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977","196.7 cubic feet (562 boxes)","THIS COLLECTION IS LOCATED AT THE STATE RECORDS CENTER. CONTACT ARCHIVES RESEARCH SERVICES FOR ACCESS INFORMATION, DIRECTIONS, AND HOURS.","Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served. If items from non-restricted series are housed in boxes with these items, the restricted items must be removed before the box is served.","Fourteen cubic feet of records pertaining to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries aspects of Mr. Downing's work have been transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Virginia. Microfilm copies of those records are on file at the Library of Virginia (Miscellaneous Reels 3362-3414). Lists of those records that are on microfilm are in folders in the collection and are noted in the Contents List.\n","The papers are arranged by congress and, in general, by category. His office's filing system varied in some respects from congress to congress; there are also certain areas of overlap in the filing system (e.g., general legislation appears as a separate category in some congresses, and in conjunction with general files or committee files in other sessions). These instances of overlap or dual filing are reflected in the Preliminary List of Headings and Contents List which follow.","In some cases, record groups extend over several congresses. When that occurred, the groups are placed within this collection with the latest congress with which they deal; i.e. \"Rivers and Harbors Materials, 91st-92nd Congresses\" is filed with the records for the 92nd Congress. Such multi-congress record groups are also indicated in the Preliminary List of Headings and the Contents List.","Fourteen cubic feet of records pertaining to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries aspects of Mr. Downing's work have been transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News. Copies of those records are on file here at the Library of Virginia. Lists of those records on microfilm are in folders in the collection and are noted in the Contents List.","The preliminary headings are an outline to the contents of the collection, indicating areas of overlapping information by means of brackets (e.g. Committees [and General Legislation]). A detailed listing of the contents of individual boxes follows.","PRELIMINARY LIST OF HEADINGS Boxes 1-5.  S[chuyler] O[tis] B[land] Papers. Boxes 1-5.  Edward J[ohn] Robeson, Jr., Papers. Boxes 1-5.  Campaign for Election to 86th Congress, 1958. Boxes 5-24.  86th Congress, 1959-1960: [Military] Academies; General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; Legislation Introduced and Failed Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Voting Record. Boxes 24-56.  87th Congress, 1961-1962: [Military] Academies; Committees, General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; General Legislation; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; News Releases and Publicity; Political Files; Speech Files; Veterans Affairs, 85th-87th Congresses, 1957-1962; Voting Record. Boxes 65-101.  88th Congress, 1963-1964: [Military] Academies; General Files; Invitations; General Legislation [and Committees]; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Marine Foodstuffs--Information Regarding, various dates; Master Files [1964 only]; Political Files; Veterans Affairs, 1961-1964; Voting Record. Boxes 101-132.  89th Congress, 1965-1966: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Master Files; Political Files, 1955-1966; Voting Record. Boxes 132-219.  90th Congress, 1967-1968: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Master Files; Office Accounts; Political Files, various dates; Post Office and Postmaster Materials, 89th-90th Congresses; Rivers and Harbors Materials, 86th-90th Congresses; Speech Files and Press Releases; Voting Record. Boxes 219-313.  91st Congress, 1969-1970: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; General Reports; Invitations; Legislation Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Legislation Introduced and Failing Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Office Accounts; Political Files; Publications and Speeches; [Voting Record omitted]. Boxes 314-407.  92nd Congress, 1971-1972: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Legislation Introduced and Failing Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Office Accounts; Political Files; Rivers and Harbors Materials, 91st-92nd Congresses; Speech Files; Voting Reocrd. Boxes 407-479.  93rd Congress, 1973-1974: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Post Office Files, 92nd-93rd Congresses; Speech Files; Voting Record. Boxes 479-557.  94th Congress, 1975-1976: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files [and Federal Installations]; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Speech Files; Voting Record. Boxes 557-562.  Speech Files, Undated and Unspecified Congress.","Thomas N. Downing served Virginia's First District in the House of Representatives from the 86th through the 94th Congresses. He was the grandson of the late state Senator Thomas J. Downing of Lancaster County (see also Accession Nos. 22035 and 22037, the Downing Family Letters).","Downing was born in Newport News on 1 February 1919. He received his public education in that city, graduating from Newport News High School.  He completed his undergraduate education at the Virginia Military Institute, graduating in 1940. During World War II, Downing served as a Combat Troop Commander of Mechanized Cavalry with action in France. He earned a Silver Star for his rescue of two men during a reconnaissance operation in Northern France, and commanded the first of General Patton's Third Army troops to enter Germany. After the war, he earned a law degree from the University of Virginia (1948).","Downing practiced law in Hampton and Warwick, and served as a substitute judge for the Municipal Court for the City of Warwick. In 1958, he won election to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat. He was elected to the following eight congresses before declining to run for re-election in 1976.","At the time of his retirement, Downing's constituency included seventeen counties (Accomack, Charles City, Essex, Gloucester, James City, King George, King and Queen, King William, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Northampton, Northumberland, Richmond, Westmoreland, and York) and four cities (Hampton, Newport News, Poquoson, and Williamsburg). The geographic and socio-economic nature of the district caused Representative Downing to place special interest and emphasis on such areas as marine life and quality, military and technological affairs, and agricultural considerations; his years of membership on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries and the Space Science and Technology (formerly Science and Astronautics) committees were important vehicles toward serving those interests. Additionally, his advocacy for re-opening the investigations into the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. led to his being appointed the first chairman of the House Select Committee on Assassinations.","After his retirement in 1976, Downing resumed his law practice in Newport News. He was a member of organizations including the American Bar Association, the Lions Club, the American Legion, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. He served on the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Military Institute, 1985-1993, and as president of the Board of Directors of the Mariner's Museum in Newport News.","Thomas N. Downing died on 23 October 2001 of complications from intestinal surgery, and is buried in Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News.","The first box of the Downing Papers contains a small group of records from Downing's two immediate predecessors in the First District congressional seat. Schuyler Otis Bland of Gloucester County (1872-1950) served in Congress from 1918 until his death in February 1950. His seat was filled by Edward John Robeson, Jr., who was born in Haywood County, North Carolina (1890), spent his childhood in Georgia, and settled as an adult in Newport News. Robeson served in the 81st through the 85th congresses; he was then defeated for renomination by Thomas Downing. He died in 1966 and is buried in North Carolina.","Papers, 1947-1977, of Thomas N. Downing (1919-2001) consist of correspondence, political files, speeches, and related documents; they are the public records related to his 18-year tenure as a congressman representing Virginia's First District in the United States House of Representatives. The records include manuscripts, typescripts, xerox, and other reproductions, newsprint, photographs, printed forms (blank and filled in), published items, and other media. The first box of papers contains a small group of records from Downing's two immediate predecessors in the First District seat, Schuyler Otis Bland (1872-1950) and Edward John Robeson, Jr. (1890-1966).","Note: The Military Academy Files contain complete applications, including scholastic records, medical records, etc.; these records cannot be served. Student records are restricted because of Privacy Act considerations.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","NOTE:  One oversize item (an issue of  The Defender ) from the June 1960 declined invitations file is filed separately, at end of collection in Oversize.","Note: Military Academy Files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.","Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Military Academy files contain student academic records and are therefore restricted because of the Privacy Act. These records cannot be served.","Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also Boxes 49, 50, 51.","Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also Boxes 49-51 and 96.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also boxes 49-51 and 96.","Note: Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation has been microfilmed; see list in folder.","Note: These Post Office folders contain graphic pornographic advertisements which were bulk mailed to Mr. Downing's constituents, and subsequently to him.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy files contain student records and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.","Note: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.","Note: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy files contain student academic information and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries materials are on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy files contain student academic information and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.","Note: This folder contains graphic anti-abortion literature.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy Files are restricted and cannot be served.","Note: This folder of Interior and Insular Affairs records contains a printed genealogy of the Overstreet Family,  Saints and Black Sheep , by Kenneth Crouch.","Note: This folder contains graphic anti-abortion literature.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: The Retirement Letters folders contain a package of open-reel magnetic tape; it is a print of an interview with Downing by WVEC, Hampton.","Item is part of the 86th Congress, Invitations Declined, January-June 1960 series.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["29773\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, \n1947-1977"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Downing, Thomas N. (Thomas Nelms), 1919-2001\n"],"creator_ssim":["Downing, Thomas N. (Thomas Nelms), 1919-2001\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Hon. Thomas N. Downing, Newport News, 1976.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["196.7 cubic feet (562 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTHIS COLLECTION IS LOCATED AT THE STATE RECORDS CENTER. CONTACT ARCHIVES RESEARCH SERVICES FOR ACCESS INFORMATION, DIRECTIONS, AND HOURS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served. If items from non-restricted series are housed in boxes with these items, the restricted items must be removed before the box is served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFourteen cubic feet of records pertaining to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries aspects of Mr. Downing's work have been transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Virginia. Microfilm copies of those records are on file at the Library of Virginia (Miscellaneous Reels 3362-3414). Lists of those records that are on microfilm are in folders in the collection and are noted in the Contents List.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["THIS COLLECTION IS LOCATED AT THE STATE RECORDS CENTER. CONTACT ARCHIVES RESEARCH SERVICES FOR ACCESS INFORMATION, DIRECTIONS, AND HOURS.","Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served. If items from non-restricted series are housed in boxes with these items, the restricted items must be removed before the box is served.","Fourteen cubic feet of records pertaining to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries aspects of Mr. Downing's work have been transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Virginia. Microfilm copies of those records are on file at the Library of Virginia (Miscellaneous Reels 3362-3414). Lists of those records that are on microfilm are in folders in the collection and are noted in the Contents List.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged by congress and, in general, by category. His office's filing system varied in some respects from congress to congress; there are also certain areas of overlap in the filing system (e.g., general legislation appears as a separate category in some congresses, and in conjunction with general files or committee files in other sessions). These instances of overlap or dual filing are reflected in the Preliminary List of Headings and Contents List which follow.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn some cases, record groups extend over several congresses. When that occurred, the groups are placed within this collection with the latest congress with which they deal; i.e. \"Rivers and Harbors Materials, 91st-92nd Congresses\" is filed with the records for the 92nd Congress. Such multi-congress record groups are also indicated in the Preliminary List of Headings and the Contents List.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFourteen cubic feet of records pertaining to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries aspects of Mr. Downing's work have been transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News. Copies of those records are on file here at the Library of Virginia. Lists of those records on microfilm are in folders in the collection and are noted in the Contents List.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe preliminary headings are an outline to the contents of the collection, indicating areas of overlapping information by means of brackets (e.g. Committees [and General Legislation]). A detailed listing of the contents of individual boxes follows.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003ePRELIMINARY LIST OF HEADINGS\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 1-5.\u003c/emph\u003e S[chuyler] O[tis] B[land] Papers.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 1-5.\u003c/emph\u003e Edward J[ohn] Robeson, Jr., Papers.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 1-5.\u003c/emph\u003e Campaign for Election to 86th Congress, 1958.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 5-24.\u003c/emph\u003e 86th Congress, 1959-1960: [Military] Academies; General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; Legislation Introduced and Failed Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 24-56.\u003c/emph\u003e 87th Congress, 1961-1962: [Military] Academies; Committees, General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; General Legislation; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; News Releases and Publicity; Political Files; Speech Files; Veterans Affairs, 85th-87th Congresses, 1957-1962; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 65-101.\u003c/emph\u003e 88th Congress, 1963-1964: [Military] Academies; General Files; Invitations; General Legislation [and Committees]; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Marine Foodstuffs--Information Regarding, various dates; Master Files [1964 only]; Political Files; Veterans Affairs, 1961-1964; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 101-132.\u003c/emph\u003e 89th Congress, 1965-1966: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Master Files; Political Files, 1955-1966; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 132-219.\u003c/emph\u003e 90th Congress, 1967-1968: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Master Files; Office Accounts; Political Files, various dates; Post Office and Postmaster Materials, 89th-90th Congresses; Rivers and Harbors Materials, 86th-90th Congresses; Speech Files and Press Releases; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 219-313.\u003c/emph\u003e 91st Congress, 1969-1970: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; General Reports; Invitations; Legislation Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Legislation Introduced and Failing Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Office Accounts; Political Files; Publications and Speeches; [Voting Record omitted].\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 314-407.\u003c/emph\u003e 92nd Congress, 1971-1972: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Legislation Introduced and Failing Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Office Accounts; Political Files; Rivers and Harbors Materials, 91st-92nd Congresses; Speech Files; Voting Reocrd.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 407-479.\u003c/emph\u003e 93rd Congress, 1973-1974: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Post Office Files, 92nd-93rd Congresses; Speech Files; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 479-557.\u003c/emph\u003e 94th Congress, 1975-1976: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files [and Federal Installations]; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Speech Files; Voting Record.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBoxes 557-562.\u003c/emph\u003e Speech Files, Undated and Unspecified Congress.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged by congress and, in general, by category. His office's filing system varied in some respects from congress to congress; there are also certain areas of overlap in the filing system (e.g., general legislation appears as a separate category in some congresses, and in conjunction with general files or committee files in other sessions). These instances of overlap or dual filing are reflected in the Preliminary List of Headings and Contents List which follow.","In some cases, record groups extend over several congresses. When that occurred, the groups are placed within this collection with the latest congress with which they deal; i.e. \"Rivers and Harbors Materials, 91st-92nd Congresses\" is filed with the records for the 92nd Congress. Such multi-congress record groups are also indicated in the Preliminary List of Headings and the Contents List.","Fourteen cubic feet of records pertaining to the Merchant Marine and Fisheries aspects of Mr. Downing's work have been transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News. Copies of those records are on file here at the Library of Virginia. Lists of those records on microfilm are in folders in the collection and are noted in the Contents List.","The preliminary headings are an outline to the contents of the collection, indicating areas of overlapping information by means of brackets (e.g. Committees [and General Legislation]). A detailed listing of the contents of individual boxes follows.","PRELIMINARY LIST OF HEADINGS Boxes 1-5.  S[chuyler] O[tis] B[land] Papers. Boxes 1-5.  Edward J[ohn] Robeson, Jr., Papers. Boxes 1-5.  Campaign for Election to 86th Congress, 1958. Boxes 5-24.  86th Congress, 1959-1960: [Military] Academies; General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; Legislation Introduced and Failed Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Voting Record. Boxes 24-56.  87th Congress, 1961-1962: [Military] Academies; Committees, General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; General Legislation; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; News Releases and Publicity; Political Files; Speech Files; Veterans Affairs, 85th-87th Congresses, 1957-1962; Voting Record. Boxes 65-101.  88th Congress, 1963-1964: [Military] Academies; General Files; Invitations; General Legislation [and Committees]; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Marine Foodstuffs--Information Regarding, various dates; Master Files [1964 only]; Political Files; Veterans Affairs, 1961-1964; Voting Record. Boxes 101-132.  89th Congress, 1965-1966: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files [and General Legislation]; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Master Files; Political Files, 1955-1966; Voting Record. Boxes 132-219.  90th Congress, 1967-1968: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions; Master Files; Office Accounts; Political Files, various dates; Post Office and Postmaster Materials, 89th-90th Congresses; Rivers and Harbors Materials, 86th-90th Congresses; Speech Files and Press Releases; Voting Record. Boxes 219-313.  91st Congress, 1969-1970: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; General Reports; Invitations; Legislation Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Legislation Introduced and Failing Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Office Accounts; Political Files; Publications and Speeches; [Voting Record omitted]. Boxes 314-407.  92nd Congress, 1971-1972: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Legislation Introduced and Failing Enactment, 1st and 2nd Sessions and General; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Office Accounts; Political Files; Rivers and Harbors Materials, 91st-92nd Congresses; Speech Files; Voting Reocrd. Boxes 407-479.  93rd Congress, 1973-1974: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; Federal Installations; General Files; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Post Office Files, 92nd-93rd Congresses; Speech Files; Voting Record. Boxes 479-557.  94th Congress, 1975-1976: [Military] Academies; Committees [and General Legislation]; General Files [and Federal Installations]; Invitations; Legislation Enacted; Legislation Not Enacted; Master Files; Newspaper Clippings and Publicity; Political Files; Speech Files; Voting Record. Boxes 557-562.  Speech Files, Undated and Unspecified Congress."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Downing served Virginia's First District in the House of Representatives from the 86th through the 94th Congresses. He was the grandson of the late state Senator Thomas J. Downing of Lancaster County (see also Accession Nos. 22035 and 22037, the Downing Family Letters).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDowning was born in Newport News on 1 February 1919. He received his public education in that city, graduating from Newport News High School.  He completed his undergraduate education at the Virginia Military Institute, graduating in 1940. During World War II, Downing served as a Combat Troop Commander of Mechanized Cavalry with action in France. He earned a Silver Star for his rescue of two men during a reconnaissance operation in Northern France, and commanded the first of General Patton's Third Army troops to enter Germany. After the war, he earned a law degree from the University of Virginia (1948).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDowning practiced law in Hampton and Warwick, and served as a substitute judge for the Municipal Court for the City of Warwick. In 1958, he won election to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat. He was elected to the following eight congresses before declining to run for re-election in 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the time of his retirement, Downing's constituency included seventeen counties (Accomack, Charles City, Essex, Gloucester, James City, King George, King and Queen, King William, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Northampton, Northumberland, Richmond, Westmoreland, and York) and four cities (Hampton, Newport News, Poquoson, and Williamsburg). The geographic and socio-economic nature of the district caused Representative Downing to place special interest and emphasis on such areas as marine life and quality, military and technological affairs, and agricultural considerations; his years of membership on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries and the Space Science and Technology (formerly Science and Astronautics) committees were important vehicles toward serving those interests. Additionally, his advocacy for re-opening the investigations into the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. led to his being appointed the first chairman of the House Select Committee on Assassinations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his retirement in 1976, Downing resumed his law practice in Newport News. He was a member of organizations including the American Bar Association, the Lions Club, the American Legion, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. He served on the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Military Institute, 1985-1993, and as president of the Board of Directors of the Mariner's Museum in Newport News.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Downing died on 23 October 2001 of complications from intestinal surgery, and is buried in Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first box of the Downing Papers contains a small group of records from Downing's two immediate predecessors in the First District congressional seat. Schuyler Otis Bland of Gloucester County (1872-1950) served in Congress from 1918 until his death in February 1950. His seat was filled by Edward John Robeson, Jr., who was born in Haywood County, North Carolina (1890), spent his childhood in Georgia, and settled as an adult in Newport News. Robeson served in the 81st through the 85th congresses; he was then defeated for renomination by Thomas Downing. He died in 1966 and is buried in North Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas N. Downing served Virginia's First District in the House of Representatives from the 86th through the 94th Congresses. He was the grandson of the late state Senator Thomas J. Downing of Lancaster County (see also Accession Nos. 22035 and 22037, the Downing Family Letters).","Downing was born in Newport News on 1 February 1919. He received his public education in that city, graduating from Newport News High School.  He completed his undergraduate education at the Virginia Military Institute, graduating in 1940. During World War II, Downing served as a Combat Troop Commander of Mechanized Cavalry with action in France. He earned a Silver Star for his rescue of two men during a reconnaissance operation in Northern France, and commanded the first of General Patton's Third Army troops to enter Germany. After the war, he earned a law degree from the University of Virginia (1948).","Downing practiced law in Hampton and Warwick, and served as a substitute judge for the Municipal Court for the City of Warwick. In 1958, he won election to the United States House of Representatives as a Democrat. He was elected to the following eight congresses before declining to run for re-election in 1976.","At the time of his retirement, Downing's constituency included seventeen counties (Accomack, Charles City, Essex, Gloucester, James City, King George, King and Queen, King William, Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Northampton, Northumberland, Richmond, Westmoreland, and York) and four cities (Hampton, Newport News, Poquoson, and Williamsburg). The geographic and socio-economic nature of the district caused Representative Downing to place special interest and emphasis on such areas as marine life and quality, military and technological affairs, and agricultural considerations; his years of membership on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries and the Space Science and Technology (formerly Science and Astronautics) committees were important vehicles toward serving those interests. Additionally, his advocacy for re-opening the investigations into the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. led to his being appointed the first chairman of the House Select Committee on Assassinations.","After his retirement in 1976, Downing resumed his law practice in Newport News. He was a member of organizations including the American Bar Association, the Lions Club, the American Legion, and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. He served on the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Military Institute, 1985-1993, and as president of the Board of Directors of the Mariner's Museum in Newport News.","Thomas N. Downing died on 23 October 2001 of complications from intestinal surgery, and is buried in Peninsula Memorial Park, Newport News.","The first box of the Downing Papers contains a small group of records from Downing's two immediate predecessors in the First District congressional seat. Schuyler Otis Bland of Gloucester County (1872-1950) served in Congress from 1918 until his death in February 1950. His seat was filled by Edward John Robeson, Jr., who was born in Haywood County, North Carolina (1890), spent his childhood in Georgia, and settled as an adult in Newport News. Robeson served in the 81st through the 85th congresses; he was then defeated for renomination by Thomas Downing. He died in 1966 and is buried in North Carolina."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas N. Downing Papers, 1947-1977. Accession 29773, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas N. Downing Papers, 1947-1977. Accession 29773, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1947-1977, of Thomas N. Downing (1919-2001) consist of correspondence, political files, speeches, and related documents; they are the public records related to his 18-year tenure as a congressman representing Virginia's First District in the United States House of Representatives. The records include manuscripts, typescripts, xerox, and other reproductions, newsprint, photographs, printed forms (blank and filled in), published items, and other media. The first box of papers contains a small group of records from Downing's two immediate predecessors in the First District seat, Schuyler Otis Bland (1872-1950) and Edward John Robeson, Jr. (1890-1966).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: The Military Academy Files contain complete applications, including scholastic records, medical records, etc.; these records cannot be served. Student records are restricted because of Privacy Act considerations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNOTE:\u003c/emph\u003e One oversize item (an issue of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Defender\u003c/title\u003e) from the June 1960 declined invitations file is filed separately, at end of collection in Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Military Academy Files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary Academy files contain student academic records and are therefore restricted because of the Privacy Act. These records cannot be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMerchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: See also Boxes 49, 50, 51.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitary Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: See also Boxes 49-51 and 96.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: See also boxes 49-51 and 96.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation has been microfilmed; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: These Post Office folders contain graphic pornographic advertisements which were bulk mailed to Mr. Downing's constituents, and subsequently to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Military Academy files contain student records and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Military Academy files contain student academic information and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries materials are on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Military Academy files contain student academic information and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: This folder contains graphic anti-abortion literature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Military Academy Files are restricted and cannot be served.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: This folder of Interior and Insular Affairs records contains a printed genealogy of the Overstreet Family, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eSaints and Black Sheep\u003c/title\u003e, by Kenneth Crouch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: This folder contains graphic anti-abortion literature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: The Retirement Letters folders contain a package of open-reel magnetic tape; it is a print of an interview with Downing by WVEC, Hampton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem is part of the 86th Congress, Invitations Declined, January-June 1960 series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1947-1977, of Thomas N. Downing (1919-2001) consist of correspondence, political files, speeches, and related documents; they are the public records related to his 18-year tenure as a congressman representing Virginia's First District in the United States House of Representatives. The records include manuscripts, typescripts, xerox, and other reproductions, newsprint, photographs, printed forms (blank and filled in), published items, and other media. The first box of papers contains a small group of records from Downing's two immediate predecessors in the First District seat, Schuyler Otis Bland (1872-1950) and Edward John Robeson, Jr. (1890-1966).","Note: The Military Academy Files contain complete applications, including scholastic records, medical records, etc.; these records cannot be served. Student records are restricted because of Privacy Act considerations.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","NOTE:  One oversize item (an issue of  The Defender ) from the June 1960 declined invitations file is filed separately, at end of collection in Oversize.","Note: Military Academy Files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.","Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Military Academy files contain student academic records and are therefore restricted because of the Privacy Act. These records cannot be served.","Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also Boxes 49, 50, 51.","Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also Boxes 49-51 and 96.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also boxes 49-51 and 96.","Note: Military Academy files contain student academic information; they are therefore restricted due to Privacy Act considerations and may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation has been microfilmed; see list in folder.","Note: These Post Office folders contain graphic pornographic advertisements which were bulk mailed to Mr. Downing's constituents, and subsequently to him.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy files contain student records and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.","Note: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.","Note: See also Boxes 236-238 for additional information on the Maritime Program.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy files contain student academic information and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries materials are on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy files contain student academic information and are therefore restricted in accordance with the Privacy Act. They may not be served.","Note: This folder contains graphic anti-abortion literature.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Military Academy Files are restricted and cannot be served.","Note: This folder of Interior and Insular Affairs records contains a printed genealogy of the Overstreet Family,  Saints and Black Sheep , by Kenneth Crouch.","Note: This folder contains graphic anti-abortion literature.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries legislation is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: Merchant Marine and Fisheries material is on microfilm; see list in folder.","Note: The Retirement Letters folders contain a package of open-reel magnetic tape; it is a print of an interview with Downing by WVEC, Hampton.","Item is part of the 86th Congress, Invitations Declined, January-June 1960 series."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3699,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:04:27.719Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00298_c05_c02_c133"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c4158","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, December 1926 - April 1927","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c4158#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c4158","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c4158"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c4158","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, December 1926 - April 1927","box 130","folder 69"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, December 1926 - April 1927\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, December 1926 - April 1927"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, December 1926 - April 1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, December 1926 - April 1927"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":9507,"containers_ssim":["box 130","folder 69"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#4157","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c4158"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c6553","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - June 1930","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c6553#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c6553","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c6553"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c6553","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - June 1930","box 149","folder 128"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - June 1930\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - June 1930"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - June 1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - June 1930"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":11902,"containers_ssim":["box 149","folder 128"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#6552","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c6553"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c3308","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - March 1926","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c3308#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c3308","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c3308"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c3308","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - March 1926","box 123","folder 100"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - March 1926\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - March 1926"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - March 1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, February - March 1926"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":8657,"containers_ssim":["box 123","folder 100"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#3307","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c3308"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5018","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, January - June 1928","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5018#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5018","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5018"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5018","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, January - June 1928","box 138","folder 37"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, January - June 1928\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, January - June 1928"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, January - June 1928"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, January - June 1928"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":10367,"containers_ssim":["box 138","folder 37"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#5017","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5018"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7963","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July 1931","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7963#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7963","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7963"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7963","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July 1931","box 158","folder 123"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July 1931\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July 1931"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July 1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July 1931"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":13312,"containers_ssim":["box 158","folder 123"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#7962","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7963"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5405","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July - November 1928","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5405#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5405","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5405"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5405","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July - November 1928","box 141","folder 105"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July - November 1928\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July - November 1928"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July - November 1928"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, July - November 1928"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":10754,"containers_ssim":["box 141","folder 105"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#5404","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c5405"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7475","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, March - May 1931","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7475#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7475","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7475"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7475","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, March - May 1931","box 155","folder 123"],"title_filing_ssi":"Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, March - May 1931\n\t","title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, March - May 1931"],"title_tesim":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, March - May 1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Yorktown Pharmacy, Yorktown, March - May 1931"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":12824,"containers_ssim":["box 155","folder 123"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#7474","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c7475"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":475431},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A1833-1848\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A+++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A1846-1860\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A1966-1973\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) 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Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Lynchburg+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Patrick County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Patrick County (Va.) 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