{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47448","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47447","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47449","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47544"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47448,"next_page":47449,"prev_page":47447,"total_pages":47544,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":474470,"total_count":475431,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c20_c369","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York Couty,\n\t\t1991-1992.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c20_c369#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c20_c369","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04337_c01_c20_c369"],"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c20_c369","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337_c01_c20","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c20","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c20"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c20"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Joseph A. Spagnolo, Jr.),\n\t1991-1992."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Joseph A. Spagnolo, Jr.),\n\t1991-1992."],"text":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Joseph A. Spagnolo, Jr.),\n\t1991-1992.","York Couty,\n\t\t1991-1992.","box 112"],"title_filing_ssi":"York Couty,\n\t\t 1991-1992 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York Couty,\n\t\t1991-1992."],"title_tesim":["York Couty,\n\t\t1991-1992."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York Couty,\n\t\t1991-1992."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":5201,"containers_ssim":["box 112"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#19/components#368","timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04337","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04337.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"text":["39607, 51086, 51198","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat.","273 cu. ft.","Unprocessed.","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.","Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"unitid_tesim":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 39607 was transferred by Parker, Michelle - Dept. of Education, 101 14th Street, Richmond, Va. 23219, 05/28/02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["273 cu. ft."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoutheastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"total_component_count_is":7038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c20_c369"}},{"id":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c175","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York - Denied, \n\t\t1962-1964\n\t\t.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c175#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c175","ref_ssm":["vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c175"],"id":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c175","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06","parent_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06","parent_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c01","vi_vi02003_c01_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c01","vi_vi02003_c01_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1957-1966.","Subseries VI. County Transfers, \n\t1958-1966."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1957-1966.","Subseries VI. County Transfers, \n\t1958-1966."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1957-1966.","Subseries VI. County Transfers, \n\t1958-1966.","York - Denied, \n\t\t1962-1964\n\t\t.","box 53","folder 5"],"title_filing_ssi":"York - Denied, \n\t\t 1962-1964\n\t\t .","title_ssm":["York - Denied, \n\t\t1962-1964\n\t\t."],"title_tesim":["York - Denied, \n\t\t1962-1964\n\t\t."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York - Denied, \n\t\t1962-1964\n\t\t."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":601,"containers_ssim":["box 53","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#174","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02003","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02003.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["26517\n"],"text":["26517\n","Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)","Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t","The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.","This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["26517\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"creator_ssim":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 26517 was transfered by the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 29-30 June 1966.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrivacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Minutes\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Legal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Maps\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Applications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This series is arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1745,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c175"}},{"id":"vi_vi00090_c14_c225","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York Drive-in - Yorktown, Va., \n                  \n                  1957-1958","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00090_c14_c225#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00090_c14_c225","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00090_c14_c225"],"id":"vi_vi00090_c14_c225","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00090","_root_":"vi_vi00090","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00090_c14","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00090_c14","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00090","vi_vi00090_c14"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00090","vi_vi00090_c14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968","Series XIV:: Correspondence (Inactive,\n               closed theaters), \n               \n               1957-1965"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968","Series XIV:: Correspondence (Inactive,\n               closed theaters), \n               \n               1957-1965"],"text":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968","Series XIV:: Correspondence (Inactive,\n               closed theaters), \n               \n               1957-1965","York Drive-in - Yorktown, Va., \n                  \n                  1957-1958","Box 53","Folder \n                  51"],"title_filing_ssi":"York Drive-in - Yorktown, Va., \n                   \n                  1957-1958","title_ssm":["York Drive-in - Yorktown, Va., \n                  \n                  1957-1958"],"title_tesim":["York Drive-in - Yorktown, Va., \n                  \n                  1957-1958"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York Drive-in - Yorktown, Va., \n                  \n                  1957-1958"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1396,"containers_ssim":["Box 53","Folder \n                  51"],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#224","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:16:53.688Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00090","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00090","_root_":"vi_vi00090","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00090","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00090.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["26515"],"text":["26515","Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968","57 cubic feet (62\n         boxes)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Arranged chronologically by serial number.","Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Arranged alphabetically by employee.","Arranged alphabetically by location.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically by subject.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically by subject.","Arranged alphabetically by name of theater.","Arranged alphabetically by name of theater.","Arranged alphabetically.","Arranged chronologically by date of report.","The Board of Censors (forerunner to the Division) was\n         established by H.B. 346 Chapter 257 of the Acts of Assembly\n         approved March 15, 1922. The purpose of the act was to\n         regulate motion picture films, provide a system of\n         examination, approval and regulation of banners and posters\n         and advertising material related to films and providing\n         penalties for violation of the act. The law made it in effect\n         illegal to sell or exhibit any commercial film that had not\n         been officially approved and licensed by the Board.","The Board had the following requirements; (1) Movies\n            could not be shown without a valid licenses or permit; (2)\n            The Board was composed of three resident citizens of\n            Virginia, appointed by the governor to 4- year terms\n            subject to confirmation by the senate; (3) Criteria used to\n            review films was based on if the film was \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral, inhuman or is of such character that its\n            exhibition would ten to corrupt morals or incite crime. A\n            written explanation was required to explain why a license\n            was not issued and a detailed description of rejected\n            portions of a film; (4) The establishment of a fee\n            structure (in order to receive a license to show movies in\n            the state) of one dollar (1.00) per 1000 feet of film and\n            fifty cents (.50) for each duplicate or copy of the\n            original print; (5) On the 15th day of year an annual\n            detailed report was to be submitted to the governor\n            providing details such as receipts and disbursements and\n            summaries of films examined.","The Board had the following requirements; (1) Movies\n            could not be shown without a valid licenses or permit; (2)\n            The Board was composed of three resident citizens of\n            Virginia, appointed by the governor to 4- year terms\n            subject to confirmation by the senate; (3) Criteria used to\n            review films was based on if the film was \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral, inhuman or is of such character that its\n            exhibition would ten to corrupt morals or incite crime. A\n            written explanation was required to explain why a license\n            was not issued and a detailed description of rejected\n            portions of a film; (4) The establishment of a fee\n            structure (in order to receive a license to show movies in\n            the state) of one dollar (1.00) per 1000 feet of film and\n            fifty cents (.50) for each duplicate or copy of the\n            original print; (5) On the 15th day of year an annual\n            detailed report was to be submitted to the governor\n            providing details such as receipts and disbursements and\n            summaries of films examined.","On February 25, 1930 Chapter 49 of the Acts of Assembly\n            Section 378A officially abolished the Board of Censors and\n            established within the Department of Law the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. The Divisions' three censors had\n            equal authority and were appointed and served at the\n            pleasure of the Attorney General. The censors had to be\n            \"educated and experienced residents of Virginia\". The three\n            members of the division had the responsibility of voting a\n            director from among their group. The function of the\n            division was similar to that of the Board of Censors but\n            with changes to accommodate the medium of \"talkies\" in\n            film. The fee structure was increased at this time.","On February 25, 1930 Chapter 49 of the Acts of Assembly\n            Section 378A officially abolished the Board of Censors and\n            established within the Department of Law the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. The Divisions' three censors had\n            equal authority and were appointed and served at the\n            pleasure of the Attorney General. The censors had to be\n            \"educated and experienced residents of Virginia\". The three\n            members of the division had the responsibility of voting a\n            director from among their group. The function of the\n            division was similar to that of the Board of Censors but\n            with changes to accommodate the medium of \"talkies\" in\n            film. The fee structure was increased at this time.","The Division of Motion Picture Censorship carried out\n            its duties effectively until the decade of the 1960's when\n            court decisions raised questions about the necessity of\n            government to censor movies. Coupled with changing mores\n            and liberal first amendment interpretations by the federal\n            courts, the General Assembly passed legislation (HB 176) to\n            repeal and stop funding the Division of Motion Picture\n            Censorship effective June 30, 1966.","The Division of Motion Picture Censorship carried out\n            its duties effectively until the decade of the 1960's when\n            court decisions raised questions about the necessity of\n            government to censor movies. Coupled with changing mores\n            and liberal first amendment interpretations by the federal\n            courts, the General Assembly passed legislation (HB 176) to\n            repeal and stop funding the Division of Motion Picture\n            Censorship effective June 30, 1966.","Series I: LICENSE APPLICATIONS, 1926-1965 (14.5 cu. ft.)\n         This series contains the actual applications for licenses to\n         show and distribute films in the state of Virginia. The form\n         includes the following information: date of license, title of\n         movie or serial, names of lead characters, print number,\n         duplicate number, reel footage, name of studio and address,\n         notarized signature of designated representative for the\n         studio and the date and signature of the notary public. The\n         reverse side of the form may contain comments or remarks\n         regarding the elimination of offensive parts of a film or the\n         total rejection of a film due to its immoral content. Arranged\n         alphabetically by film title.","Series II: LICENSES (REGULAR AND NON-REGULAR), 1954-1965\n            (10. 5 cu. ft.) This series contains two types of\n            certificates, organized as Regular and Non-Regular\n            Licenses. Both Regular and Non-Regular license certificates\n            consists of two types of numbered forms. The license\n            certificate entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4)\n            certifies that a motion picture studio is permitted to\n            exhibit and display a film within the State of Virginia.\n            The form contains the title of the movie, the date the\n            certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n            studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship.\n            The second form is entitled Copy of Application For\n            Substitute Seal Original Receipted and Returned to\n            Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the studio name, the\n            title of the film, date issued and name of the Director.\n            The form states that the movie studio is applying for a\n            substitute seal to be attached to a print of the film\n            previously censored and approved by the Division. The major\n            difference between Regular and Non-Regular Licenses appears\n            to be the arrangement order and time period. Regular\n            Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS and cover the early\n            1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular Licenses are arranged\n            chronologically by serial number and cover the early\n            1960's. Arranged chronologically by serial number.","Series II: LICENSES (REGULAR AND NON-REGULAR), 1954-1965\n            (10. 5 cu. ft.) This series contains two types of\n            certificates, organized as Regular and Non-Regular\n            Licenses. Both Regular and Non-Regular license certificates\n            consists of two types of numbered forms. The license\n            certificate entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4)\n            certifies that a motion picture studio is permitted to\n            exhibit and display a film within the State of Virginia.\n            The form contains the title of the movie, the date the\n            certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n            studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship.\n            The second form is entitled Copy of Application For\n            Substitute Seal Original Receipted and Returned to\n            Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the studio name, the\n            title of the film, date issued and name of the Director.\n            The form states that the movie studio is applying for a\n            substitute seal to be attached to a print of the film\n            previously censored and approved by the Division. The major\n            difference between Regular and Non-Regular Licenses appears\n            to be the arrangement order and time period. Regular\n            Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS and cover the early\n            1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular Licenses are arranged\n            chronologically by serial number and cover the early\n            1960's. Arranged chronologically by serial number.","Series III: INDEX TO LICENSES AND APPLICATIONS,\n            1947-1965 (3.15 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index\n            cards that serve as an index to the non-Regular Licenses\n            and the License Applications. The index includes the motion\n            picture title, date license or application issued, studio\n            releasing film and serial number. The pink index cards\n            provide notations about the status of the film such as,\n            whether a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film\n            was eliminated or \"rejected in toto\" meaning it could not\n            be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n            film with the seal of Virginia, issued at a later date. The\n            index does not appear to apply to the Regular Licenses.\n            Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Series III: INDEX TO LICENSES AND APPLICATIONS,\n            1947-1965 (3.15 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index\n            cards that serve as an index to the non-Regular Licenses\n            and the License Applications. The index includes the motion\n            picture title, date license or application issued, studio\n            releasing film and serial number. The pink index cards\n            provide notations about the status of the film such as,\n            whether a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film\n            was eliminated or \"rejected in toto\" meaning it could not\n            be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n            film with the seal of Virginia, issued at a later date. The\n            index does not appear to apply to the Regular Licenses.\n            Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Series IV: ATTENDANCE REPORT FOR EMPLOYEES, 1958-1965\n            (2.1 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index cards that\n            served as attendance forms for employees of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n            employee, day of the week, check mark for when the employee\n            was present, or on sick/vacation leave and the signature of\n            employees. Arranged alphabetically by board member.","Series IV: ATTENDANCE REPORT FOR EMPLOYEES, 1958-1965\n            (2.1 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index cards that\n            served as attendance forms for employees of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n            employee, day of the week, check mark for when the employee\n            was present, or on sick/vacation leave and the signature of\n            employees. Arranged alphabetically by board member.","Series V: THEATRE AND INSPECTOR LISTINGS, 1959-1965 (.35\n            cu. ft.) This series provides 4x6 index cards giving an\n            alphabetical listing of movie theatres and separate listing\n            for the name and address of inspectors along with the\n            theatres they were responsible for monitoring. The movie\n            theatres are organized by location of county, city and\n            town. The index cards have notations for \"Negro\" inspectors\n            and/or \"Negro\" owned theatres. The cards are divided into\n            active (white color) and inactive (pink color) cards. There\n            is a separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n            drive-ins. Arranged alphabetically by location.","Series V: THEATRE AND INSPECTOR LISTINGS, 1959-1965 (.35\n            cu. ft.) This series provides 4x6 index cards giving an\n            alphabetical listing of movie theatres and separate listing\n            for the name and address of inspectors along with the\n            theatres they were responsible for monitoring. The movie\n            theatres are organized by location of county, city and\n            town. The index cards have notations for \"Negro\" inspectors\n            and/or \"Negro\" owned theatres. The cards are divided into\n            active (white color) and inactive (pink color) cards. There\n            is a separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n            drive-ins. Arranged alphabetically by location.","Series VI: LISTING OF FILM TITLES, 1928-1957 (1 cu.\n            ft.)This series offers a typed listing of movie titles,\n            seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated and\n            approved for viewing within the state. Some of the listings\n            give only the date, movie title, serial number and the\n            studio releasing the film. Arranged chronologically.","Series VI: LISTING OF FILM TITLES, 1928-1957 (1 cu.\n            ft.)This series offers a typed listing of movie titles,\n            seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated and\n            approved for viewing within the state. Some of the listings\n            give only the date, movie title, serial number and the\n            studio releasing the film. Arranged chronologically.","Series VII: FINANCIAL RECORDS, 1949-1960 (3.2 cu. ft.)\n            This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and a\n            selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings (the\n            form is entitled Film Record), which provide an overview of\n            the financial housekeeping of the agency. There are three\n            volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated 1950-1966 that\n            provides an accounting ledger format with columns for the\n            dates of transaction, studio names and assigned license\n            number, fees for original and duplicate licenses, news\n            reels charges and substitute seal fee along with totals for\n            all columns. There are two volumes entitled Disbursements\n            dated 1949-1950, an are organized in similar format as the\n            Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n            identified as follows; Salaries, Wages, Repairs,\n            Maintenance Service Contract, Travel, Transportation,\n            Communications, Printing, Other Expenses, Office Supplies,\n            Photographic, Supplies, Other Supplies, Office Equipment,\n            Fire Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Surety Insurance,\n            Technical Subscriptions and Capitol Outlay. The one tablet\n            entitled Office Cash Vouchers dated 1962, is an accounting\n            booklet for the office petty cash fund. The columns\n            headings in this tablet are for the Date of Transaction,\n            Nature of Disbursement, Amount Paid, Totals, the Signatures\n            for those authorized to approve payment, certification for\n            the correct reimbursement and the checker of the\n            transaction. The Daily Billings or Film Record dated\n            1960-1965, offers an insightful account of the amount of\n            fees generated by charges applied to studios for original\n            and duplicate prints and the seal issuance. The form\n            contains the title of the movie, studio releasing film\n            number of reels, total footage amount, print number,\n            original seal number, duplicate seal number, substitute\n            seal number and total amount of fees collected. Some\n            reports have adding machine ticker tabulations attached to\n            them. Arranged chronologically.","Series VII: FINANCIAL RECORDS, 1949-1960 (3.2 cu. ft.)\n            This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and a\n            selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings (the\n            form is entitled Film Record), which provide an overview of\n            the financial housekeeping of the agency. There are three\n            volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated 1950-1966 that\n            provides an accounting ledger format with columns for the\n            dates of transaction, studio names and assigned license\n            number, fees for original and duplicate licenses, news\n            reels charges and substitute seal fee along with totals for\n            all columns. There are two volumes entitled Disbursements\n            dated 1949-1950, an are organized in similar format as the\n            Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n            identified as follows; Salaries, Wages, Repairs,\n            Maintenance Service Contract, Travel, Transportation,\n            Communications, Printing, Other Expenses, Office Supplies,\n            Photographic, Supplies, Other Supplies, Office Equipment,\n            Fire Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Surety Insurance,\n            Technical Subscriptions and Capitol Outlay. The one tablet\n            entitled Office Cash Vouchers dated 1962, is an accounting\n            booklet for the office petty cash fund. The columns\n            headings in this tablet are for the Date of Transaction,\n            Nature of Disbursement, Amount Paid, Totals, the Signatures\n            for those authorized to approve payment, certification for\n            the correct reimbursement and the checker of the\n            transaction. The Daily Billings or Film Record dated\n            1960-1965, offers an insightful account of the amount of\n            fees generated by charges applied to studios for original\n            and duplicate prints and the seal issuance. The form\n            contains the title of the movie, studio releasing film\n            number of reels, total footage amount, print number,\n            original seal number, duplicate seal number, substitute\n            seal number and total amount of fees collected. Some\n            reports have adding machine ticker tabulations attached to\n            them. Arranged chronologically.","Series VIII: OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1924-1966\n            (1.5 cu. ft) This series contains the office voucher files\n            for the Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files\n            provide information on financial management as well as\n            procedures included in the operation and administration of\n            the Division. There also are attendance reports for the\n            Censors. Some of the topics include information on the\n            Commonwealth's personnel act, procurement procedures and\n            monthly report of monies collected by the Division. These\n            records include a sampling of blank forms used by the\n            Division during its' operation. Arranged alphabetically by\n            subject.","Series VIII: OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1924-1966\n            (1.5 cu. ft) This series contains the office voucher files\n            for the Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files\n            provide information on financial management as well as\n            procedures included in the operation and administration of\n            the Division. There also are attendance reports for the\n            Censors. Some of the topics include information on the\n            Commonwealth's personnel act, procurement procedures and\n            monthly report of monies collected by the Division. These\n            records include a sampling of blank forms used by the\n            Division during its' operation. Arranged alphabetically by\n            subject.","Series IX: REPORT OF FILM CLERKS, 1960-1965 (1.2 cu. ft.\n            )This series gives a form entitled Film Clerk's Report. The\n            form consists of multiple pages with the following\n            categories and headings: Title (movie title), Exchange\n            (studio name) Number of Reel, Footage, Print Number,\n            Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number, Duplicate\n            Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all categories on the\n            form contain information. Arranged chronologically by\n            date.","Series IX: REPORT OF FILM CLERKS, 1960-1965 (1.2 cu. ft.\n            )This series gives a form entitled Film Clerk's Report. The\n            form consists of multiple pages with the following\n            categories and headings: Title (movie title), Exchange\n            (studio name) Number of Reel, Footage, Print Number,\n            Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number, Duplicate\n            Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all categories on the\n            form contain information. Arranged chronologically by\n            date.","Series X: ANNUAL REPORTS, 1924-1965 (.2 cu. ft.) This\n            series contains the yearly reports for the Censorship\n            Division as submitted to the Governor. The reports provide\n            a detailed narrative and statistical breakdown of the\n            activities for the fiscal year. The first report reflects\n            in detail the standard used in the elimination and /or\n            rejections of certain films. The main purpose for\n            censorship was to prevent the display of \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such character that\n            their exhibition would tend to corrupt moral(s) or incite\n            crime\". The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n            descriptive narrative account of the activities of the\n            Board. The reports of the 1920's document the improprieties\n            of certain comic films of the day. One report states that\n            \"directors seem willing to violate all the refinements and\n            all conventions in order to get a laugh!\" There are\n            descriptions of total scenes cut from films along with\n            examples given of specific movies and the reasons for the\n            \"slicing\". The report of 1927- 1928 highlights the advent\n            of the new technology in motion pictures, \"the talkies\".\n            Among the concerns of the Board about the new technology\n            was the cost of purchasing new projectors that would allow\n            viewing and editing of synchronized films. In the Annual\n            Report of 1931, comments are made about the \"great\n            onslaught of gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as\n            vital for Virginia as for the \"northern states where the\n            foreign population is greater\". None the less the Censors'\n            considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n            situation\" that members of the Censors' hoped producers of\n            this genre of film would \"tone down in the future\". In the\n            1941 report, advances in technology are highlighted with\n            the introduction of a new projector known as the \"Juke Box\"\n            that used (16) sixteen-millimeter film. Once again, the\n            report documents concerns about getting state\n            appropriations for the purchase of new equipment. The\n            reports of 1943-1944 make note of the surprise in the\n            increase in the number of films due to the fact of\n            restrictions placed on raw materials (including film)\n            during World War II. The reports of later years (roughly\n            1947-1965) are more statistical and less narrative in\n            composition. The statistical tables give a numerical\n            breakdown of films. The headings on the report are Totals\n            for the Years, Elimination, Rejections, Receipts,\n            Disbursements and Revenue Refunds. The financial statements\n            provide the amount of fees collected and turned over to the\n            state treasurer. Often, they will include disbursement of\n            operating expenses and capital outlay. Arranged\n            chronologically.","Series X: ANNUAL REPORTS, 1924-1965 (.2 cu. ft.) This\n            series contains the yearly reports for the Censorship\n            Division as submitted to the Governor. The reports provide\n            a detailed narrative and statistical breakdown of the\n            activities for the fiscal year. The first report reflects\n            in detail the standard used in the elimination and /or\n            rejections of certain films. The main purpose for\n            censorship was to prevent the display of \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such character that\n            their exhibition would tend to corrupt moral(s) or incite\n            crime\". The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n            descriptive narrative account of the activities of the\n            Board. The reports of the 1920's document the improprieties\n            of certain comic films of the day. One report states that\n            \"directors seem willing to violate all the refinements and\n            all conventions in order to get a laugh!\" There are\n            descriptions of total scenes cut from films along with\n            examples given of specific movies and the reasons for the\n            \"slicing\". The report of 1927- 1928 highlights the advent\n            of the new technology in motion pictures, \"the talkies\".\n            Among the concerns of the Board about the new technology\n            was the cost of purchasing new projectors that would allow\n            viewing and editing of synchronized films. In the Annual\n            Report of 1931, comments are made about the \"great\n            onslaught of gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as\n            vital for Virginia as for the \"northern states where the\n            foreign population is greater\". None the less the Censors'\n            considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n            situation\" that members of the Censors' hoped producers of\n            this genre of film would \"tone down in the future\". In the\n            1941 report, advances in technology are highlighted with\n            the introduction of a new projector known as the \"Juke Box\"\n            that used (16) sixteen-millimeter film. Once again, the\n            report documents concerns about getting state\n            appropriations for the purchase of new equipment. The\n            reports of 1943-1944 make note of the surprise in the\n            increase in the number of films due to the fact of\n            restrictions placed on raw materials (including film)\n            during World War II. The reports of later years (roughly\n            1947-1965) are more statistical and less narrative in\n            composition. The statistical tables give a numerical\n            breakdown of films. The headings on the report are Totals\n            for the Years, Elimination, Rejections, Receipts,\n            Disbursements and Revenue Refunds. The financial statements\n            provide the amount of fees collected and turned over to the\n            state treasurer. Often, they will include disbursement of\n            operating expenses and capital outlay. Arranged\n            chronologically.","Series XI: ELIMINATION RECORDS, 1945-1965 (.4 cu. ft.)\n            This series gives the form sent to the studios documenting\n            in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts from feature\n            films. The form contains the name and address of the\n            studio, title of movie, a brief and graphic description of\n            the scene cut from the original movie and the signatures of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship\n            and the authorized agent for the studio. The form usually\n            has triplicate copies and sometimes includes an attachment\n            of correspondence between Censors and studio executives.\n            Arranged chronologically.","Series XI: ELIMINATION RECORDS, 1945-1965 (.4 cu. ft.)\n            This series gives the form sent to the studios documenting\n            in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts from feature\n            films. The form contains the name and address of the\n            studio, title of movie, a brief and graphic description of\n            the scene cut from the original movie and the signatures of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship\n            and the authorized agent for the studio. The form usually\n            has triplicate copies and sometimes includes an attachment\n            of correspondence between Censors and studio executives.\n            Arranged chronologically.","Series XII: CORRESPONDENCE (OUTGOING AND INCOMING),\n            1958-1966 (.8 cu. ft.) This series consists of carbon\n            copies of letters mailed from the various Directors' of the\n            Division of Motion Picture Censorship and the other\n            Censors. The letters cover a wide range of topics including\n            the discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n            decisions made by the Division. The files include\n            information on the daily operations of the division along\n            with the records from two prominent former directors, Mrs.\n            Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. Russell F. Wagers. Arranged\n            alphabetically by subject.","Series XII: CORRESPONDENCE (OUTGOING AND INCOMING),\n            1958-1966 (.8 cu. ft.) This series consists of carbon\n            copies of letters mailed from the various Directors' of the\n            Division of Motion Picture Censorship and the other\n            Censors. The letters cover a wide range of topics including\n            the discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n            decisions made by the Division. The files include\n            information on the daily operations of the division along\n            with the records from two prominent former directors, Mrs.\n            Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. Russell F. Wagers. Arranged\n            alphabetically by subject.","Series XIII: CORRESPONDENCE (ACTIVE THEATRES/DRIVE-INS),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series gives copies of\n            outgoing and incoming letters between the Director of the\n            Division and theater and drive-in owners of viable theaters\n            within the state from 1957 to 1965. The correspondence\n            mainly consists of the Director looking for recommendations\n            for the names of individuals to work as inspectors, to view\n            films and verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n            applied to the print. The files are organized by the name\n            of the theater and include the theaters' location. The\n            files have special notations for \"Negro\"only theaters and\n            inspectors. There are also report forms that list the\n            number of admission card issued to an inspector. Arranged\n            alphabetically by name of theater.","Series XIII: CORRESPONDENCE (ACTIVE THEATRES/DRIVE-INS),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series gives copies of\n            outgoing and incoming letters between the Director of the\n            Division and theater and drive-in owners of viable theaters\n            within the state from 1957 to 1965. The correspondence\n            mainly consists of the Director looking for recommendations\n            for the names of individuals to work as inspectors, to view\n            films and verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n            applied to the print. The files are organized by the name\n            of the theater and include the theaters' location. The\n            files have special notations for \"Negro\"only theaters and\n            inspectors. There are also report forms that list the\n            number of admission card issued to an inspector. Arranged\n            alphabetically by name of theater.","Series XIV: CORRESPONDENCE (INACTIVE-CLOSED THEATRES),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series offers the outgoing and\n            incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship and the owners of theaters and\n            drive-ins that were no longer in existence. The\n            correspondence mainly consists of inquiries by the Director\n            for the name of inspectors for the theaters and\n            notification to the Director that the theater or drive-in\n            is no longer in operation. Some files may contain returned\n            admission cards issued to inspectors for their free\n            admittance into the theaters. These files may include an\n            index card with the name and address of the inspector\n            assigned to a specific theater. Arranged alphabetically by\n            name of theater.","Series XIV: CORRESPONDENCE (INACTIVE-CLOSED THEATRES),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series offers the outgoing and\n            incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship and the owners of theaters and\n            drive-ins that were no longer in existence. The\n            correspondence mainly consists of inquiries by the Director\n            for the name of inspectors for the theaters and\n            notification to the Director that the theater or drive-in\n            is no longer in operation. Some files may contain returned\n            admission cards issued to inspectors for their free\n            admittance into the theaters. These files may include an\n            index card with the name and address of the inspector\n            assigned to a specific theater. Arranged alphabetically by\n            name of theater.","Series XV: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE AND CONTROVERSIAL\n            FILMS, 1922-1966 (2.7 cu. ft.) This series combines general\n            correspondence of the agency director and correspondence\n            regarding films that were eliminated for viewing within the\n            state of Virginia. The correspondences consist of letters\n            mailed to movie distributors, court documents as well as\n            correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n            series includes selected promotional movie posters,\n            examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n            magazines and scripts of some of the movies listed. There\n            are recurring issues that caused grave concern for the\n            Censors. Among those issues of concern are films that\n            depict \"miscegenation\". It is noted in the records that\n            sexual relations between Black and white people were\n            against the law and transgresses \"rules of propriety\". In\n            general, films that displayed sexual content were strictly\n            censored or rejected in toto. In one report the suggested\n            that \"some of the bedroom scenes are particularly\n            disgusting and are calculated to shock even the most\n            vulgar.\" Violent films and movies emphasizing racial\n            situations were rejected due to concerns that these movies\n            might incite people to riot. The Censors rejected a 1947\n            movie entitled \"The Burning Cross,\" (a film portraying the\n            Ku Klux Klan in a negative light) because of the films'\n            tendencies to \"excite prejudices and intense emotions\n            thereby reviving controversies and disputes that the\n            Censors' believes presently to be quiet, and not now\n            occupying the public attention\". The Censors' insisted that\n            the film be banned despite objections from religious\n            leaders and civil rights organizations such as the N.A.A.C.\n            P., which wanted the film shown to help counter the \"more\n            than a score of years of propaganda\" in support of the\n            K.K.K. in the movie industry. The civil rights organization\n            was perplexed by the Board's action since they had\n            supposedly allowed the showing of \"The Birth of a Nation\",\n            a film that portrayed the Klan in a most favorable light.\n            In, 1924 a movie entitled \"A Son of Satan\" \"released by a\n            colored concern\" was banned in toto because it portrayed \"a\n            mulatto whose villainies were inherited by his white\n            forefathers\". Arranged alphabetically.","Series XV: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE AND CONTROVERSIAL\n            FILMS, 1922-1966 (2.7 cu. ft.) This series combines general\n            correspondence of the agency director and correspondence\n            regarding films that were eliminated for viewing within the\n            state of Virginia. The correspondences consist of letters\n            mailed to movie distributors, court documents as well as\n            correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n            series includes selected promotional movie posters,\n            examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n            magazines and scripts of some of the movies listed. There\n            are recurring issues that caused grave concern for the\n            Censors. Among those issues of concern are films that\n            depict \"miscegenation\". It is noted in the records that\n            sexual relations between Black and white people were\n            against the law and transgresses \"rules of propriety\". In\n            general, films that displayed sexual content were strictly\n            censored or rejected in toto. In one report the suggested\n            that \"some of the bedroom scenes are particularly\n            disgusting and are calculated to shock even the most\n            vulgar.\" Violent films and movies emphasizing racial\n            situations were rejected due to concerns that these movies\n            might incite people to riot. The Censors rejected a 1947\n            movie entitled \"The Burning Cross,\" (a film portraying the\n            Ku Klux Klan in a negative light) because of the films'\n            tendencies to \"excite prejudices and intense emotions\n            thereby reviving controversies and disputes that the\n            Censors' believes presently to be quiet, and not now\n            occupying the public attention\". The Censors' insisted that\n            the film be banned despite objections from religious\n            leaders and civil rights organizations such as the N.A.A.C.\n            P., which wanted the film shown to help counter the \"more\n            than a score of years of propaganda\" in support of the\n            K.K.K. in the movie industry. The civil rights organization\n            was perplexed by the Board's action since they had\n            supposedly allowed the showing of \"The Birth of a Nation\",\n            a film that portrayed the Klan in a most favorable light.\n            In, 1924 a movie entitled \"A Son of Satan\" \"released by a\n            colored concern\" was banned in toto because it portrayed \"a\n            mulatto whose villainies were inherited by his white\n            forefathers\". Arranged alphabetically.","Series VI: CENSORSHIP REPORTS, 1960-1965 (.8 cu. ft.)\n            This series documents the work of censorship boards in\n            other states and Canada. The format of the reports vary\n            however, all the reports provide movie titles, scenes\n            deleted from movies, total number of prints and the studio\n            responsible for producing the film. Arranged\n            chronologically by date of report.","Series VI: CENSORSHIP REPORTS, 1960-1965 (.8 cu. ft.)\n            This series documents the work of censorship boards in\n            other states and Canada. The format of the reports vary\n            however, all the reports provide movie titles, scenes\n            deleted from movies, total number of prints and the studio\n            responsible for producing the film. Arranged\n            chronologically by date of report.","This series offers the actual application for license\n               to show and distribute films in the state of Virginia.\n               The form contains the following information: date of\n               license, title of movie or serial, names of lead\n               characters, print number, duplicate number, reel\n               footage, name of studio and address, notarized signature\n               of designated representative for the studio and the date\n               and signature of the notary public. The reverse side of\n               the form may contain comments or remarks regarding the\n               elimination of offensive parts of a film or the total\n               rejection of a film due to its immoral content.","This series contains two types of certificates,\n               organized as Regular and Non-Regular Licenses. Both\n               Regular and Non-Regular license certificates consists of\n               two types of numbered forms. The license certificate\n               entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4) certifies that\n               a motion picture studio is permitted to exhibit and\n               display a film within the State of Virginia. The form\n               contains the title of the movie, the date the\n               certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n               studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n               the Director of the Division of Motion Picture\n               Censorship. The second form is entitled Copy of\n               Application For Substitute Seal Original Receipted and\n               Returned to Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the\n               studio name, the title of the film, date issued and name\n               of the Director. The form states that the movie studio\n               is applying for a substitute seal to be attached to a\n               print of the film previously censored and approved by\n               the Division.","The major difference between Regular and Non-Regular\n               Licenses appears to be the arrangement order and time\n               period. Regular Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS\n               and cover the early 1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular\n               Licenses are arranged chronologically by serial number\n               and cover the early 1960's.","This series contains 4x6 index cards that serve as an\n               index to the non-regular licenses and the license\n               applications. The index provides the motion picture\n               title, dat of license or application, studio releasing\n               the film and serial number. The pink index cards provide\n               notations about the status of the film, such as, whether\n               a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film was\n               eliminated or \"rejected in toto\", meaning it could not\n               be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n               film with the seal of Virginia issued at a later date.\n               The index does not apply to the regular licenses.","This series contains 4x6 index cards that served as\n               attendance forms for imployees of the Division of Motion\n               Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n               employee, day of the week, check mark for when the\n               employee was present or on sick/vacation leave, and the\n               signature of employees.","This series consists of 4x6 index cards giving an\n               alphabetical listing of movie theaters and a separate\n               listing for the name and address of inspectors along\n               with the names of the theaters they were responsible for\n               monitoring. The movie theaters are organized by location\n               of county, city or town. The index cards have notations\n               for \"Negro\" inspectores and/or \"Negro\" owned theaters.\n               The cards are divided into active (white color cards)\n               and inactive (pink color cards) cards. There is a\n               separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n               drive-in theaters.","This series provides a typed listing of movie titles,\n               seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated or\n               approved for viewing within the state. Some of the\n               listings supply only the date, movie title, serial\n               number and name of the studio releasing the film.","This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and\n               a selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings\n               (the form is entitled Film Record), which provide an\n               overview of the financial housekeeping of the agency.\n               There are three volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated\n               1950-1966 that provide an accounting ledger format with\n               columns for dates of transactions, studio names and\n               assigned license number, fees for original and duplicate\n               licenses, news reels charges and substitute seal fee,\n               along with totals for all columns.","There are two volumes entitles Disbursements dated\n               1949-1950 that are organized in similar format to the\n               Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n               identified follows: salaries, wages, repairs,\n               maintenance service contract, travel, transportation,\n               communications, printing, other expenses, office\n               supplies, photographic, supplies, other supplies, office\n               equipment, fire insurance, workmen's compensation,\n               surety insurance, technical subscriptions, and capital\n               outlay.","The one tablet entitled Office Cash Vouchers is dated\n               1962 and is an accounting booklet for the office petty\n               cash fund. The column headings in this tablet are for\n               date of transaction, nature of disbursement, amount\n               paid, totals and signatures for those authorized to\n               approve payment, certification for the correct\n               reimbursement and the checker of the transaction.","The Daily Billings or Film Record are dated 1960-1965\n               and provide and insightful account of the amount of fees\n               generated by charges applied to studios for original and\n               duplicate prints and the seal of issuance. The contains\n               the title of the movie, studio releasing film, number of\n               reels, total footage amount, print number, original seal\n               number, duplicate seal number, substitute seal number\n               and total of fees collected. Some reports have adding\n               machine tabulations attached to them.","This series contains the office voucher files for the\n               Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files provide\n               information on financial management as well as\n               procedures for the operation and administration of the\n               Division. There are also annual reports and attendance\n               reports for the censors. Some topical files include\n               information on the Commonwealth's personnel act,\n               procurement procedures and monthly reports of monies\n               collected by the Division. These records include a\n               sampling of blank forms used by the Division during it's\n               operation.","This series consists of forms entitled Film Clerk's\n               Report. This form consists of multiple pages with the\n               following categories and headings: Title (movie title),\n               Exchange (studio name), Number of Reel, Footage, Print\n               Number, Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number,\n               Duplicate Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all\n               categories on the form contain information.","This series contains the yearly reports for the\n               Censorship Division as submitted to the Governor. The\n               reports provide a detailed narrative and statistical\n               breakdown of the activities for the fiscal year. The\n               first report reflects in detail the standard used in the\n               elimination and/or rejection of certain films. The main\n               purpose for censorship was to prevent the display of\n               \"obscene, indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such\n               character that their exhibition would tend to corrupt\n               morals or incite crime.\"","The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n               descriptive narrative acount of the activities of the\n               Board. The reports of the 1920's document the\n               improprieties of certain comic films of the day. One\n               report states that \"directors seem willing to violate\n               all the refinements and all conventions in order to get\n               a laugh.\" There are descriptions of total scenes cut\n               from films along with examples given of specific movies\n               and the reasons for the \"slicing\". The report for\n               1927-1928 highlights the advent of the new technology in\n               motion pictures, \"the talkies\". Among the concerns of\n               the Board about the new technology was the cost of\n               purchasing new projectors that would allow viewing and\n               editing of synchronized films. In the annual report of\n               1931 comments are made about the \"great onslaught of\n               gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as vital for\n               Virginia as for the \"northern states where foreign\n               population is greater\". Nonetheless, the censors\n               considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n               situation\" that members of the Division hoped producers\n               of this genre of film would \"tone down in the\n               future\".","In the 1941 report advances in technology are\n               highlighted with the introduction of a new projector\n               known as the \"Juke Box\" that used sixteen millimeter\n               film. Once again, the report documents concerns about\n               getting state appropriations for the purchase of new\n               equipment. The reports for 1943-1944 make note of the\n               surprise in the increase in the number of films due to\n               the fact of restrictions placed on raw materials\n               (including film) during World War II.","The reports for later years (roughly 1947-1965) are\n               more statistical and less narrative in composition. The\n               statistical tables give a numerical breakdown of films.\n               The headings in the report include Totals for the Years,\n               Elimination, Rejections, Receipts, Disbursements, and\n               Revenue Refunds. The financial statements provide the\n               amount of fees collected and turned over to the state\n               treasurer. Often the statements will include\n               disbursements of operating expenses and capital\n               outlays.","This series consists of forms sent to the studios\n               documenting in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts\n               from feature films. The form contains the name and\n               address of the studio, title of the movie, a brief and\n               graphice description of the scene cut from the original\n               movie, and the signatures of the Director of the\n               Division of Motion Picture Censorship an the authorized\n               agent for the studio. The form usually has triplicate\n               copies and sometimes includes an attachment of\n               correspondence between censors and studio\n               executives.","This series consists of carbon copies of letters\n               mailed from the various director's of the Division of\n               Motion Picture Censorship and the other censors. The\n               letters cover a wide range of topics including the\n               discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n               decisions made by the division. The files include\n               information on the daily operations of the division\n               along with the records from two prominent former\n               directors, Mrs. Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. russell F.\n               Wagers.","This series consists of copies of outgoing and\n               incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n               Motion Picture Censorship and theater and drive-in\n               owners of viable theater within the state. The\n               correspondence mainly conists of letters from the\n               director seeking recommendations for the names of\n               individuals to work as inspectors, to view films, and\n               verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n               applied to the print. The files are organized by the\n               name of the theater and include the theater location.\n               The files have special notations for \"Negro\" only\n               theaters and inspectors. There are also report forms\n               that list the number of admission cards issued to an\n               inspector.","This series offers the outgoing and incoming letters\n               between the Director of the Division of Motion Picture\n               Censorship and the owners of theaters and drive-ins that\n               were no longer in existence. The correspondence mainly\n               consists of inquiries by the Director for the name of\n               inspectors for the theaters and notification to the\n               Director that the theater or drive-in is no longer in\n               operation. Some files may contain returned admission\n               cards issued to inspectors for their free admittance\n               into the theaters. These files include index cards with\n               the name and address of the inspector assigned to a\n               specific theater.","This series combines general correspondence of the\n               agency director and correspondence regarding films that\n               were eliminated for viewing within the state of\n               Virginia. The correspondence consists of letters mailed\n               to movie distributors and court documents, as well as\n               correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n               series also includes selected promotional movie posters,\n               examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n               magazines, and scripts of some of the movies listed.","This series documents the work of censorship boards\n               in other states and Canada. The format of the reports\n               vary, however all reports provide movie titles, scenes\n               deleted from movies, total number of prints, and the\n               studio responsible for producing the film.","There are no restrictions.","State Records Collection,\n         Acc. 26515","English"],"unitid_tesim":["26515"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Division of Motion\n         Picture Censorship, \n         \n         1926-1968"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Office of the Attorney General, 29\n            June 1966."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["57 cubic feet (62\n         boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by film title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by serial number.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by film title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by employee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by location.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by date of report.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Arranged chronologically by serial number.","Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Arranged alphabetically by employee.","Arranged alphabetically by location.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically by subject.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.","Arranged alphabetically by subject.","Arranged alphabetically by name of theater.","Arranged alphabetically by name of theater.","Arranged alphabetically.","Arranged chronologically by date of report."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Board of Censors (forerunner to the Division) was\n         established by H.B. 346 Chapter 257 of the Acts of Assembly\n         approved March 15, 1922. The purpose of the act was to\n         regulate motion picture films, provide a system of\n         examination, approval and regulation of banners and posters\n         and advertising material related to films and providing\n         penalties for violation of the act. The law made it in effect\n         illegal to sell or exhibit any commercial film that had not\n         been officially approved and licensed by the Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbioghist\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe Board had the following requirements; (1) Movies\n            could not be shown without a valid licenses or permit; (2)\n            The Board was composed of three resident citizens of\n            Virginia, appointed by the governor to 4- year terms\n            subject to confirmation by the senate; (3) Criteria used to\n            review films was based on if the film was \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral, inhuman or is of such character that its\n            exhibition would ten to corrupt morals or incite crime. A\n            written explanation was required to explain why a license\n            was not issued and a detailed description of rejected\n            portions of a film; (4) The establishment of a fee\n            structure (in order to receive a license to show movies in\n            the state) of one dollar (1.00) per 1000 feet of film and\n            fifty cents (.50) for each duplicate or copy of the\n            original print; (5) On the 15th day of year an annual\n            detailed report was to be submitted to the governor\n            providing details such as receipts and disbursements and\n            summaries of films examined.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/bioghist\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Board had the following requirements; (1) Movies\n            could not be shown without a valid licenses or permit; (2)\n            The Board was composed of three resident citizens of\n            Virginia, appointed by the governor to 4- year terms\n            subject to confirmation by the senate; (3) Criteria used to\n            review films was based on if the film was \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral, inhuman or is of such character that its\n            exhibition would ten to corrupt morals or incite crime. A\n            written explanation was required to explain why a license\n            was not issued and a detailed description of rejected\n            portions of a film; (4) The establishment of a fee\n            structure (in order to receive a license to show movies in\n            the state) of one dollar (1.00) per 1000 feet of film and\n            fifty cents (.50) for each duplicate or copy of the\n            original print; (5) On the 15th day of year an annual\n            detailed report was to be submitted to the governor\n            providing details such as receipts and disbursements and\n            summaries of films examined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbioghist\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eOn February 25, 1930 Chapter 49 of the Acts of Assembly\n            Section 378A officially abolished the Board of Censors and\n            established within the Department of Law the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. The Divisions' three censors had\n            equal authority and were appointed and served at the\n            pleasure of the Attorney General. The censors had to be\n            \"educated and experienced residents of Virginia\". The three\n            members of the division had the responsibility of voting a\n            director from among their group. The function of the\n            division was similar to that of the Board of Censors but\n            with changes to accommodate the medium of \"talkies\" in\n            film. The fee structure was increased at this time.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/bioghist\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn February 25, 1930 Chapter 49 of the Acts of Assembly\n            Section 378A officially abolished the Board of Censors and\n            established within the Department of Law the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. The Divisions' three censors had\n            equal authority and were appointed and served at the\n            pleasure of the Attorney General. The censors had to be\n            \"educated and experienced residents of Virginia\". The three\n            members of the division had the responsibility of voting a\n            director from among their group. The function of the\n            division was similar to that of the Board of Censors but\n            with changes to accommodate the medium of \"talkies\" in\n            film. The fee structure was increased at this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cbioghist\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe Division of Motion Picture Censorship carried out\n            its duties effectively until the decade of the 1960's when\n            court decisions raised questions about the necessity of\n            government to censor movies. Coupled with changing mores\n            and liberal first amendment interpretations by the federal\n            courts, the General Assembly passed legislation (HB 176) to\n            repeal and stop funding the Division of Motion Picture\n            Censorship effective June 30, 1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/bioghist\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Division of Motion Picture Censorship carried out\n            its duties effectively until the decade of the 1960's when\n            court decisions raised questions about the necessity of\n            government to censor movies. Coupled with changing mores\n            and liberal first amendment interpretations by the federal\n            courts, the General Assembly passed legislation (HB 176) to\n            repeal and stop funding the Division of Motion Picture\n            Censorship effective June 30, 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Board of Censors (forerunner to the Division) was\n         established by H.B. 346 Chapter 257 of the Acts of Assembly\n         approved March 15, 1922. The purpose of the act was to\n         regulate motion picture films, provide a system of\n         examination, approval and regulation of banners and posters\n         and advertising material related to films and providing\n         penalties for violation of the act. The law made it in effect\n         illegal to sell or exhibit any commercial film that had not\n         been officially approved and licensed by the Board.","The Board had the following requirements; (1) Movies\n            could not be shown without a valid licenses or permit; (2)\n            The Board was composed of three resident citizens of\n            Virginia, appointed by the governor to 4- year terms\n            subject to confirmation by the senate; (3) Criteria used to\n            review films was based on if the film was \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral, inhuman or is of such character that its\n            exhibition would ten to corrupt morals or incite crime. A\n            written explanation was required to explain why a license\n            was not issued and a detailed description of rejected\n            portions of a film; (4) The establishment of a fee\n            structure (in order to receive a license to show movies in\n            the state) of one dollar (1.00) per 1000 feet of film and\n            fifty cents (.50) for each duplicate or copy of the\n            original print; (5) On the 15th day of year an annual\n            detailed report was to be submitted to the governor\n            providing details such as receipts and disbursements and\n            summaries of films examined.","The Board had the following requirements; (1) Movies\n            could not be shown without a valid licenses or permit; (2)\n            The Board was composed of three resident citizens of\n            Virginia, appointed by the governor to 4- year terms\n            subject to confirmation by the senate; (3) Criteria used to\n            review films was based on if the film was \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral, inhuman or is of such character that its\n            exhibition would ten to corrupt morals or incite crime. A\n            written explanation was required to explain why a license\n            was not issued and a detailed description of rejected\n            portions of a film; (4) The establishment of a fee\n            structure (in order to receive a license to show movies in\n            the state) of one dollar (1.00) per 1000 feet of film and\n            fifty cents (.50) for each duplicate or copy of the\n            original print; (5) On the 15th day of year an annual\n            detailed report was to be submitted to the governor\n            providing details such as receipts and disbursements and\n            summaries of films examined.","On February 25, 1930 Chapter 49 of the Acts of Assembly\n            Section 378A officially abolished the Board of Censors and\n            established within the Department of Law the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. The Divisions' three censors had\n            equal authority and were appointed and served at the\n            pleasure of the Attorney General. The censors had to be\n            \"educated and experienced residents of Virginia\". The three\n            members of the division had the responsibility of voting a\n            director from among their group. The function of the\n            division was similar to that of the Board of Censors but\n            with changes to accommodate the medium of \"talkies\" in\n            film. The fee structure was increased at this time.","On February 25, 1930 Chapter 49 of the Acts of Assembly\n            Section 378A officially abolished the Board of Censors and\n            established within the Department of Law the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. The Divisions' three censors had\n            equal authority and were appointed and served at the\n            pleasure of the Attorney General. The censors had to be\n            \"educated and experienced residents of Virginia\". The three\n            members of the division had the responsibility of voting a\n            director from among their group. The function of the\n            division was similar to that of the Board of Censors but\n            with changes to accommodate the medium of \"talkies\" in\n            film. The fee structure was increased at this time.","The Division of Motion Picture Censorship carried out\n            its duties effectively until the decade of the 1960's when\n            court decisions raised questions about the necessity of\n            government to censor movies. Coupled with changing mores\n            and liberal first amendment interpretations by the federal\n            courts, the General Assembly passed legislation (HB 176) to\n            repeal and stop funding the Division of Motion Picture\n            Censorship effective June 30, 1966.","The Division of Motion Picture Censorship carried out\n            its duties effectively until the decade of the 1960's when\n            court decisions raised questions about the necessity of\n            government to censor movies. Coupled with changing mores\n            and liberal first amendment interpretations by the federal\n            courts, the General Assembly passed legislation (HB 176) to\n            repeal and stop funding the Division of Motion Picture\n            Censorship effective June 30, 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDivision of Motion Picture Censorship Records,\n            1926-1968. Accession 26515, State Records Collection, The\n            Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Division of Motion Picture Censorship Records,\n            1926-1968. Accession 26515, State Records Collection, The\n            Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: LICENSE APPLICATIONS, 1926-1965 (14.5 cu. ft.)\n         This series contains the actual applications for licenses to\n         show and distribute films in the state of Virginia. The form\n         includes the following information: date of license, title of\n         movie or serial, names of lead characters, print number,\n         duplicate number, reel footage, name of studio and address,\n         notarized signature of designated representative for the\n         studio and the date and signature of the notary public. The\n         reverse side of the form may contain comments or remarks\n         regarding the elimination of offensive parts of a film or the\n         total rejection of a film due to its immoral content. Arranged\n         alphabetically by film title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries II: LICENSES (REGULAR AND NON-REGULAR), 1954-1965\n            (10. 5 cu. ft.) This series contains two types of\n            certificates, organized as Regular and Non-Regular\n            Licenses. Both Regular and Non-Regular license certificates\n            consists of two types of numbered forms. The license\n            certificate entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4)\n            certifies that a motion picture studio is permitted to\n            exhibit and display a film within the State of Virginia.\n            The form contains the title of the movie, the date the\n            certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n            studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship.\n            The second form is entitled Copy of Application For\n            Substitute Seal Original Receipted and Returned to\n            Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the studio name, the\n            title of the film, date issued and name of the Director.\n            The form states that the movie studio is applying for a\n            substitute seal to be attached to a print of the film\n            previously censored and approved by the Division. The major\n            difference between Regular and Non-Regular Licenses appears\n            to be the arrangement order and time period. Regular\n            Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS and cover the early\n            1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular Licenses are arranged\n            chronologically by serial number and cover the early\n            1960's. Arranged chronologically by serial number.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: LICENSES (REGULAR AND NON-REGULAR), 1954-1965\n            (10. 5 cu. ft.) This series contains two types of\n            certificates, organized as Regular and Non-Regular\n            Licenses. Both Regular and Non-Regular license certificates\n            consists of two types of numbered forms. The license\n            certificate entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4)\n            certifies that a motion picture studio is permitted to\n            exhibit and display a film within the State of Virginia.\n            The form contains the title of the movie, the date the\n            certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n            studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship.\n            The second form is entitled Copy of Application For\n            Substitute Seal Original Receipted and Returned to\n            Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the studio name, the\n            title of the film, date issued and name of the Director.\n            The form states that the movie studio is applying for a\n            substitute seal to be attached to a print of the film\n            previously censored and approved by the Division. The major\n            difference between Regular and Non-Regular Licenses appears\n            to be the arrangement order and time period. Regular\n            Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS and cover the early\n            1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular Licenses are arranged\n            chronologically by serial number and cover the early\n            1960's. Arranged chronologically by serial number.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries III: INDEX TO LICENSES AND APPLICATIONS,\n            1947-1965 (3.15 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index\n            cards that serve as an index to the non-Regular Licenses\n            and the License Applications. The index includes the motion\n            picture title, date license or application issued, studio\n            releasing film and serial number. The pink index cards\n            provide notations about the status of the film such as,\n            whether a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film\n            was eliminated or \"rejected in toto\" meaning it could not\n            be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n            film with the seal of Virginia, issued at a later date. The\n            index does not appear to apply to the Regular Licenses.\n            Arranged alphabetically by film title.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: INDEX TO LICENSES AND APPLICATIONS,\n            1947-1965 (3.15 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index\n            cards that serve as an index to the non-Regular Licenses\n            and the License Applications. The index includes the motion\n            picture title, date license or application issued, studio\n            releasing film and serial number. The pink index cards\n            provide notations about the status of the film such as,\n            whether a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film\n            was eliminated or \"rejected in toto\" meaning it could not\n            be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n            film with the seal of Virginia, issued at a later date. The\n            index does not appear to apply to the Regular Licenses.\n            Arranged alphabetically by film title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries IV: ATTENDANCE REPORT FOR EMPLOYEES, 1958-1965\n            (2.1 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index cards that\n            served as attendance forms for employees of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n            employee, day of the week, check mark for when the employee\n            was present, or on sick/vacation leave and the signature of\n            employees. Arranged alphabetically by board member.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: ATTENDANCE REPORT FOR EMPLOYEES, 1958-1965\n            (2.1 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index cards that\n            served as attendance forms for employees of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n            employee, day of the week, check mark for when the employee\n            was present, or on sick/vacation leave and the signature of\n            employees. Arranged alphabetically by board member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries V: THEATRE AND INSPECTOR LISTINGS, 1959-1965 (.35\n            cu. ft.) This series provides 4x6 index cards giving an\n            alphabetical listing of movie theatres and separate listing\n            for the name and address of inspectors along with the\n            theatres they were responsible for monitoring. The movie\n            theatres are organized by location of county, city and\n            town. The index cards have notations for \"Negro\" inspectors\n            and/or \"Negro\" owned theatres. The cards are divided into\n            active (white color) and inactive (pink color) cards. There\n            is a separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n            drive-ins. Arranged alphabetically by location.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: THEATRE AND INSPECTOR LISTINGS, 1959-1965 (.35\n            cu. ft.) This series provides 4x6 index cards giving an\n            alphabetical listing of movie theatres and separate listing\n            for the name and address of inspectors along with the\n            theatres they were responsible for monitoring. The movie\n            theatres are organized by location of county, city and\n            town. The index cards have notations for \"Negro\" inspectors\n            and/or \"Negro\" owned theatres. The cards are divided into\n            active (white color) and inactive (pink color) cards. There\n            is a separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n            drive-ins. Arranged alphabetically by location.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries VI: LISTING OF FILM TITLES, 1928-1957 (1 cu.\n            ft.)This series offers a typed listing of movie titles,\n            seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated and\n            approved for viewing within the state. Some of the listings\n            give only the date, movie title, serial number and the\n            studio releasing the film. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: LISTING OF FILM TITLES, 1928-1957 (1 cu.\n            ft.)This series offers a typed listing of movie titles,\n            seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated and\n            approved for viewing within the state. Some of the listings\n            give only the date, movie title, serial number and the\n            studio releasing the film. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries VII: FINANCIAL RECORDS, 1949-1960 (3.2 cu. ft.)\n            This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and a\n            selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings (the\n            form is entitled Film Record), which provide an overview of\n            the financial housekeeping of the agency. There are three\n            volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated 1950-1966 that\n            provides an accounting ledger format with columns for the\n            dates of transaction, studio names and assigned license\n            number, fees for original and duplicate licenses, news\n            reels charges and substitute seal fee along with totals for\n            all columns. There are two volumes entitled Disbursements\n            dated 1949-1950, an are organized in similar format as the\n            Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n            identified as follows; Salaries, Wages, Repairs,\n            Maintenance Service Contract, Travel, Transportation,\n            Communications, Printing, Other Expenses, Office Supplies,\n            Photographic, Supplies, Other Supplies, Office Equipment,\n            Fire Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Surety Insurance,\n            Technical Subscriptions and Capitol Outlay. The one tablet\n            entitled Office Cash Vouchers dated 1962, is an accounting\n            booklet for the office petty cash fund. The columns\n            headings in this tablet are for the Date of Transaction,\n            Nature of Disbursement, Amount Paid, Totals, the Signatures\n            for those authorized to approve payment, certification for\n            the correct reimbursement and the checker of the\n            transaction. The Daily Billings or Film Record dated\n            1960-1965, offers an insightful account of the amount of\n            fees generated by charges applied to studios for original\n            and duplicate prints and the seal issuance. The form\n            contains the title of the movie, studio releasing film\n            number of reels, total footage amount, print number,\n            original seal number, duplicate seal number, substitute\n            seal number and total amount of fees collected. Some\n            reports have adding machine ticker tabulations attached to\n            them. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: FINANCIAL RECORDS, 1949-1960 (3.2 cu. ft.)\n            This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and a\n            selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings (the\n            form is entitled Film Record), which provide an overview of\n            the financial housekeeping of the agency. There are three\n            volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated 1950-1966 that\n            provides an accounting ledger format with columns for the\n            dates of transaction, studio names and assigned license\n            number, fees for original and duplicate licenses, news\n            reels charges and substitute seal fee along with totals for\n            all columns. There are two volumes entitled Disbursements\n            dated 1949-1950, an are organized in similar format as the\n            Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n            identified as follows; Salaries, Wages, Repairs,\n            Maintenance Service Contract, Travel, Transportation,\n            Communications, Printing, Other Expenses, Office Supplies,\n            Photographic, Supplies, Other Supplies, Office Equipment,\n            Fire Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Surety Insurance,\n            Technical Subscriptions and Capitol Outlay. The one tablet\n            entitled Office Cash Vouchers dated 1962, is an accounting\n            booklet for the office petty cash fund. The columns\n            headings in this tablet are for the Date of Transaction,\n            Nature of Disbursement, Amount Paid, Totals, the Signatures\n            for those authorized to approve payment, certification for\n            the correct reimbursement and the checker of the\n            transaction. The Daily Billings or Film Record dated\n            1960-1965, offers an insightful account of the amount of\n            fees generated by charges applied to studios for original\n            and duplicate prints and the seal issuance. The form\n            contains the title of the movie, studio releasing film\n            number of reels, total footage amount, print number,\n            original seal number, duplicate seal number, substitute\n            seal number and total amount of fees collected. Some\n            reports have adding machine ticker tabulations attached to\n            them. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1924-1966\n            (1.5 cu. ft) This series contains the office voucher files\n            for the Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files\n            provide information on financial management as well as\n            procedures included in the operation and administration of\n            the Division. There also are attendance reports for the\n            Censors. Some of the topics include information on the\n            Commonwealth's personnel act, procurement procedures and\n            monthly report of monies collected by the Division. These\n            records include a sampling of blank forms used by the\n            Division during its' operation. Arranged alphabetically by\n            subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1924-1966\n            (1.5 cu. ft) This series contains the office voucher files\n            for the Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files\n            provide information on financial management as well as\n            procedures included in the operation and administration of\n            the Division. There also are attendance reports for the\n            Censors. Some of the topics include information on the\n            Commonwealth's personnel act, procurement procedures and\n            monthly report of monies collected by the Division. These\n            records include a sampling of blank forms used by the\n            Division during its' operation. Arranged alphabetically by\n            subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries IX: REPORT OF FILM CLERKS, 1960-1965 (1.2 cu. ft.\n            )This series gives a form entitled Film Clerk's Report. The\n            form consists of multiple pages with the following\n            categories and headings: Title (movie title), Exchange\n            (studio name) Number of Reel, Footage, Print Number,\n            Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number, Duplicate\n            Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all categories on the\n            form contain information. Arranged chronologically by\n            date.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX: REPORT OF FILM CLERKS, 1960-1965 (1.2 cu. ft.\n            )This series gives a form entitled Film Clerk's Report. The\n            form consists of multiple pages with the following\n            categories and headings: Title (movie title), Exchange\n            (studio name) Number of Reel, Footage, Print Number,\n            Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number, Duplicate\n            Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all categories on the\n            form contain information. Arranged chronologically by\n            date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries X: ANNUAL REPORTS, 1924-1965 (.2 cu. ft.) This\n            series contains the yearly reports for the Censorship\n            Division as submitted to the Governor. The reports provide\n            a detailed narrative and statistical breakdown of the\n            activities for the fiscal year. The first report reflects\n            in detail the standard used in the elimination and /or\n            rejections of certain films. The main purpose for\n            censorship was to prevent the display of \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such character that\n            their exhibition would tend to corrupt moral(s) or incite\n            crime\". The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n            descriptive narrative account of the activities of the\n            Board. The reports of the 1920's document the improprieties\n            of certain comic films of the day. One report states that\n            \"directors seem willing to violate all the refinements and\n            all conventions in order to get a laugh!\" There are\n            descriptions of total scenes cut from films along with\n            examples given of specific movies and the reasons for the\n            \"slicing\". The report of 1927- 1928 highlights the advent\n            of the new technology in motion pictures, \"the talkies\".\n            Among the concerns of the Board about the new technology\n            was the cost of purchasing new projectors that would allow\n            viewing and editing of synchronized films. In the Annual\n            Report of 1931, comments are made about the \"great\n            onslaught of gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as\n            vital for Virginia as for the \"northern states where the\n            foreign population is greater\". None the less the Censors'\n            considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n            situation\" that members of the Censors' hoped producers of\n            this genre of film would \"tone down in the future\". In the\n            1941 report, advances in technology are highlighted with\n            the introduction of a new projector known as the \"Juke Box\"\n            that used (16) sixteen-millimeter film. Once again, the\n            report documents concerns about getting state\n            appropriations for the purchase of new equipment. The\n            reports of 1943-1944 make note of the surprise in the\n            increase in the number of films due to the fact of\n            restrictions placed on raw materials (including film)\n            during World War II. The reports of later years (roughly\n            1947-1965) are more statistical and less narrative in\n            composition. The statistical tables give a numerical\n            breakdown of films. The headings on the report are Totals\n            for the Years, Elimination, Rejections, Receipts,\n            Disbursements and Revenue Refunds. The financial statements\n            provide the amount of fees collected and turned over to the\n            state treasurer. Often, they will include disbursement of\n            operating expenses and capital outlay. Arranged\n            chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries X: ANNUAL REPORTS, 1924-1965 (.2 cu. ft.) This\n            series contains the yearly reports for the Censorship\n            Division as submitted to the Governor. The reports provide\n            a detailed narrative and statistical breakdown of the\n            activities for the fiscal year. The first report reflects\n            in detail the standard used in the elimination and /or\n            rejections of certain films. The main purpose for\n            censorship was to prevent the display of \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such character that\n            their exhibition would tend to corrupt moral(s) or incite\n            crime\". The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n            descriptive narrative account of the activities of the\n            Board. The reports of the 1920's document the improprieties\n            of certain comic films of the day. One report states that\n            \"directors seem willing to violate all the refinements and\n            all conventions in order to get a laugh!\" There are\n            descriptions of total scenes cut from films along with\n            examples given of specific movies and the reasons for the\n            \"slicing\". The report of 1927- 1928 highlights the advent\n            of the new technology in motion pictures, \"the talkies\".\n            Among the concerns of the Board about the new technology\n            was the cost of purchasing new projectors that would allow\n            viewing and editing of synchronized films. In the Annual\n            Report of 1931, comments are made about the \"great\n            onslaught of gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as\n            vital for Virginia as for the \"northern states where the\n            foreign population is greater\". None the less the Censors'\n            considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n            situation\" that members of the Censors' hoped producers of\n            this genre of film would \"tone down in the future\". In the\n            1941 report, advances in technology are highlighted with\n            the introduction of a new projector known as the \"Juke Box\"\n            that used (16) sixteen-millimeter film. Once again, the\n            report documents concerns about getting state\n            appropriations for the purchase of new equipment. The\n            reports of 1943-1944 make note of the surprise in the\n            increase in the number of films due to the fact of\n            restrictions placed on raw materials (including film)\n            during World War II. The reports of later years (roughly\n            1947-1965) are more statistical and less narrative in\n            composition. The statistical tables give a numerical\n            breakdown of films. The headings on the report are Totals\n            for the Years, Elimination, Rejections, Receipts,\n            Disbursements and Revenue Refunds. The financial statements\n            provide the amount of fees collected and turned over to the\n            state treasurer. Often, they will include disbursement of\n            operating expenses and capital outlay. Arranged\n            chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries XI: ELIMINATION RECORDS, 1945-1965 (.4 cu. ft.)\n            This series gives the form sent to the studios documenting\n            in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts from feature\n            films. The form contains the name and address of the\n            studio, title of movie, a brief and graphic description of\n            the scene cut from the original movie and the signatures of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship\n            and the authorized agent for the studio. The form usually\n            has triplicate copies and sometimes includes an attachment\n            of correspondence between Censors and studio executives.\n            Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI: ELIMINATION RECORDS, 1945-1965 (.4 cu. ft.)\n            This series gives the form sent to the studios documenting\n            in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts from feature\n            films. The form contains the name and address of the\n            studio, title of movie, a brief and graphic description of\n            the scene cut from the original movie and the signatures of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship\n            and the authorized agent for the studio. The form usually\n            has triplicate copies and sometimes includes an attachment\n            of correspondence between Censors and studio executives.\n            Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries XII: CORRESPONDENCE (OUTGOING AND INCOMING),\n            1958-1966 (.8 cu. ft.) This series consists of carbon\n            copies of letters mailed from the various Directors' of the\n            Division of Motion Picture Censorship and the other\n            Censors. The letters cover a wide range of topics including\n            the discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n            decisions made by the Division. The files include\n            information on the daily operations of the division along\n            with the records from two prominent former directors, Mrs.\n            Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. Russell F. Wagers. Arranged\n            alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII: CORRESPONDENCE (OUTGOING AND INCOMING),\n            1958-1966 (.8 cu. ft.) This series consists of carbon\n            copies of letters mailed from the various Directors' of the\n            Division of Motion Picture Censorship and the other\n            Censors. The letters cover a wide range of topics including\n            the discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n            decisions made by the Division. The files include\n            information on the daily operations of the division along\n            with the records from two prominent former directors, Mrs.\n            Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. Russell F. Wagers. Arranged\n            alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: CORRESPONDENCE (ACTIVE THEATRES/DRIVE-INS),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series gives copies of\n            outgoing and incoming letters between the Director of the\n            Division and theater and drive-in owners of viable theaters\n            within the state from 1957 to 1965. The correspondence\n            mainly consists of the Director looking for recommendations\n            for the names of individuals to work as inspectors, to view\n            films and verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n            applied to the print. The files are organized by the name\n            of the theater and include the theaters' location. The\n            files have special notations for \"Negro\"only theaters and\n            inspectors. There are also report forms that list the\n            number of admission card issued to an inspector. Arranged\n            alphabetically by name of theater.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIII: CORRESPONDENCE (ACTIVE THEATRES/DRIVE-INS),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series gives copies of\n            outgoing and incoming letters between the Director of the\n            Division and theater and drive-in owners of viable theaters\n            within the state from 1957 to 1965. The correspondence\n            mainly consists of the Director looking for recommendations\n            for the names of individuals to work as inspectors, to view\n            films and verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n            applied to the print. The files are organized by the name\n            of the theater and include the theaters' location. The\n            files have special notations for \"Negro\"only theaters and\n            inspectors. There are also report forms that list the\n            number of admission card issued to an inspector. Arranged\n            alphabetically by name of theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries XIV: CORRESPONDENCE (INACTIVE-CLOSED THEATRES),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series offers the outgoing and\n            incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship and the owners of theaters and\n            drive-ins that were no longer in existence. The\n            correspondence mainly consists of inquiries by the Director\n            for the name of inspectors for the theaters and\n            notification to the Director that the theater or drive-in\n            is no longer in operation. Some files may contain returned\n            admission cards issued to inspectors for their free\n            admittance into the theaters. These files may include an\n            index card with the name and address of the inspector\n            assigned to a specific theater. Arranged alphabetically by\n            name of theater.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XIV: CORRESPONDENCE (INACTIVE-CLOSED THEATRES),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series offers the outgoing and\n            incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship and the owners of theaters and\n            drive-ins that were no longer in existence. The\n            correspondence mainly consists of inquiries by the Director\n            for the name of inspectors for the theaters and\n            notification to the Director that the theater or drive-in\n            is no longer in operation. Some files may contain returned\n            admission cards issued to inspectors for their free\n            admittance into the theaters. These files may include an\n            index card with the name and address of the inspector\n            assigned to a specific theater. Arranged alphabetically by\n            name of theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries XV: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE AND CONTROVERSIAL\n            FILMS, 1922-1966 (2.7 cu. ft.) This series combines general\n            correspondence of the agency director and correspondence\n            regarding films that were eliminated for viewing within the\n            state of Virginia. The correspondences consist of letters\n            mailed to movie distributors, court documents as well as\n            correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n            series includes selected promotional movie posters,\n            examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n            magazines and scripts of some of the movies listed. There\n            are recurring issues that caused grave concern for the\n            Censors. Among those issues of concern are films that\n            depict \"miscegenation\". It is noted in the records that\n            sexual relations between Black and white people were\n            against the law and transgresses \"rules of propriety\". In\n            general, films that displayed sexual content were strictly\n            censored or rejected in toto. In one report the suggested\n            that \"some of the bedroom scenes are particularly\n            disgusting and are calculated to shock even the most\n            vulgar.\" Violent films and movies emphasizing racial\n            situations were rejected due to concerns that these movies\n            might incite people to riot. The Censors rejected a 1947\n            movie entitled \"The Burning Cross,\" (a film portraying the\n            Ku Klux Klan in a negative light) because of the films'\n            tendencies to \"excite prejudices and intense emotions\n            thereby reviving controversies and disputes that the\n            Censors' believes presently to be quiet, and not now\n            occupying the public attention\". The Censors' insisted that\n            the film be banned despite objections from religious\n            leaders and civil rights organizations such as the N.A.A.C.\n            P., which wanted the film shown to help counter the \"more\n            than a score of years of propaganda\" in support of the\n            K.K.K. in the movie industry. The civil rights organization\n            was perplexed by the Board's action since they had\n            supposedly allowed the showing of \"The Birth of a Nation\",\n            a film that portrayed the Klan in a most favorable light.\n            In, 1924 a movie entitled \"A Son of Satan\" \"released by a\n            colored concern\" was banned in toto because it portrayed \"a\n            mulatto whose villainies were inherited by his white\n            forefathers\". Arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries XV: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE AND CONTROVERSIAL\n            FILMS, 1922-1966 (2.7 cu. ft.) This series combines general\n            correspondence of the agency director and correspondence\n            regarding films that were eliminated for viewing within the\n            state of Virginia. The correspondences consist of letters\n            mailed to movie distributors, court documents as well as\n            correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n            series includes selected promotional movie posters,\n            examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n            magazines and scripts of some of the movies listed. There\n            are recurring issues that caused grave concern for the\n            Censors. Among those issues of concern are films that\n            depict \"miscegenation\". It is noted in the records that\n            sexual relations between Black and white people were\n            against the law and transgresses \"rules of propriety\". In\n            general, films that displayed sexual content were strictly\n            censored or rejected in toto. In one report the suggested\n            that \"some of the bedroom scenes are particularly\n            disgusting and are calculated to shock even the most\n            vulgar.\" Violent films and movies emphasizing racial\n            situations were rejected due to concerns that these movies\n            might incite people to riot. The Censors rejected a 1947\n            movie entitled \"The Burning Cross,\" (a film portraying the\n            Ku Klux Klan in a negative light) because of the films'\n            tendencies to \"excite prejudices and intense emotions\n            thereby reviving controversies and disputes that the\n            Censors' believes presently to be quiet, and not now\n            occupying the public attention\". The Censors' insisted that\n            the film be banned despite objections from religious\n            leaders and civil rights organizations such as the N.A.A.C.\n            P., which wanted the film shown to help counter the \"more\n            than a score of years of propaganda\" in support of the\n            K.K.K. in the movie industry. The civil rights organization\n            was perplexed by the Board's action since they had\n            supposedly allowed the showing of \"The Birth of a Nation\",\n            a film that portrayed the Klan in a most favorable light.\n            In, 1924 a movie entitled \"A Son of Satan\" \"released by a\n            colored concern\" was banned in toto because it portrayed \"a\n            mulatto whose villainies were inherited by his white\n            forefathers\". Arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cscopecontent\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eSeries VI: CENSORSHIP REPORTS, 1960-1965 (.8 cu. ft.)\n            This series documents the work of censorship boards in\n            other states and Canada. The format of the reports vary\n            however, all the reports provide movie titles, scenes\n            deleted from movies, total number of prints and the studio\n            responsible for producing the film. Arranged\n            chronologically by date of report.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/scopecontent\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: CENSORSHIP REPORTS, 1960-1965 (.8 cu. ft.)\n            This series documents the work of censorship boards in\n            other states and Canada. The format of the reports vary\n            however, all the reports provide movie titles, scenes\n            deleted from movies, total number of prints and the studio\n            responsible for producing the film. Arranged\n            chronologically by date of report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series offers the actual application for license\n               to show and distribute films in the state of Virginia.\n               The form contains the following information: date of\n               license, title of movie or serial, names of lead\n               characters, print number, duplicate number, reel\n               footage, name of studio and address, notarized signature\n               of designated representative for the studio and the date\n               and signature of the notary public. The reverse side of\n               the form may contain comments or remarks regarding the\n               elimination of offensive parts of a film or the total\n               rejection of a film due to its immoral content.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains two types of certificates,\n               organized as Regular and Non-Regular Licenses. Both\n               Regular and Non-Regular license certificates consists of\n               two types of numbered forms. The license certificate\n               entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4) certifies that\n               a motion picture studio is permitted to exhibit and\n               display a film within the State of Virginia. The form\n               contains the title of the movie, the date the\n               certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n               studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n               the Director of the Division of Motion Picture\n               Censorship. The second form is entitled Copy of\n               Application For Substitute Seal Original Receipted and\n               Returned to Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the\n               studio name, the title of the film, date issued and name\n               of the Director. The form states that the movie studio\n               is applying for a substitute seal to be attached to a\n               print of the film previously censored and approved by\n               the Division.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe major difference between Regular and Non-Regular\n               Licenses appears to be the arrangement order and time\n               period. Regular Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS\n               and cover the early 1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular\n               Licenses are arranged chronologically by serial number\n               and cover the early 1960's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 4x6 index cards that serve as an\n               index to the non-regular licenses and the license\n               applications. The index provides the motion picture\n               title, dat of license or application, studio releasing\n               the film and serial number. The pink index cards provide\n               notations about the status of the film, such as, whether\n               a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film was\n               eliminated or \"rejected in toto\", meaning it could not\n               be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n               film with the seal of Virginia issued at a later date.\n               The index does not apply to the regular licenses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 4x6 index cards that served as\n               attendance forms for imployees of the Division of Motion\n               Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n               employee, day of the week, check mark for when the\n               employee was present or on sick/vacation leave, and the\n               signature of employees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of 4x6 index cards giving an\n               alphabetical listing of movie theaters and a separate\n               listing for the name and address of inspectors along\n               with the names of the theaters they were responsible for\n               monitoring. The movie theaters are organized by location\n               of county, city or town. The index cards have notations\n               for \"Negro\" inspectores and/or \"Negro\" owned theaters.\n               The cards are divided into active (white color cards)\n               and inactive (pink color cards) cards. There is a\n               separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n               drive-in theaters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series provides a typed listing of movie titles,\n               seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated or\n               approved for viewing within the state. Some of the\n               listings supply only the date, movie title, serial\n               number and name of the studio releasing the film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and\n               a selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings\n               (the form is entitled Film Record), which provide an\n               overview of the financial housekeeping of the agency.\n               There are three volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated\n               1950-1966 that provide an accounting ledger format with\n               columns for dates of transactions, studio names and\n               assigned license number, fees for original and duplicate\n               licenses, news reels charges and substitute seal fee,\n               along with totals for all columns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are two volumes entitles Disbursements dated\n               1949-1950 that are organized in similar format to the\n               Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n               identified follows: salaries, wages, repairs,\n               maintenance service contract, travel, transportation,\n               communications, printing, other expenses, office\n               supplies, photographic, supplies, other supplies, office\n               equipment, fire insurance, workmen's compensation,\n               surety insurance, technical subscriptions, and capital\n               outlay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe one tablet entitled Office Cash Vouchers is dated\n               1962 and is an accounting booklet for the office petty\n               cash fund. The column headings in this tablet are for\n               date of transaction, nature of disbursement, amount\n               paid, totals and signatures for those authorized to\n               approve payment, certification for the correct\n               reimbursement and the checker of the transaction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Daily Billings or Film Record are dated 1960-1965\n               and provide and insightful account of the amount of fees\n               generated by charges applied to studios for original and\n               duplicate prints and the seal of issuance. The contains\n               the title of the movie, studio releasing film, number of\n               reels, total footage amount, print number, original seal\n               number, duplicate seal number, substitute seal number\n               and total of fees collected. Some reports have adding\n               machine tabulations attached to them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the office voucher files for the\n               Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files provide\n               information on financial management as well as\n               procedures for the operation and administration of the\n               Division. There are also annual reports and attendance\n               reports for the censors. Some topical files include\n               information on the Commonwealth's personnel act,\n               procurement procedures and monthly reports of monies\n               collected by the Division. These records include a\n               sampling of blank forms used by the Division during it's\n               operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of forms entitled Film Clerk's\n               Report. This form consists of multiple pages with the\n               following categories and headings: Title (movie title),\n               Exchange (studio name), Number of Reel, Footage, Print\n               Number, Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number,\n               Duplicate Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all\n               categories on the form contain information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the yearly reports for the\n               Censorship Division as submitted to the Governor. The\n               reports provide a detailed narrative and statistical\n               breakdown of the activities for the fiscal year. The\n               first report reflects in detail the standard used in the\n               elimination and/or rejection of certain films. The main\n               purpose for censorship was to prevent the display of\n               \"obscene, indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such\n               character that their exhibition would tend to corrupt\n               morals or incite crime.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n               descriptive narrative acount of the activities of the\n               Board. The reports of the 1920's document the\n               improprieties of certain comic films of the day. One\n               report states that \"directors seem willing to violate\n               all the refinements and all conventions in order to get\n               a laugh.\" There are descriptions of total scenes cut\n               from films along with examples given of specific movies\n               and the reasons for the \"slicing\". The report for\n               1927-1928 highlights the advent of the new technology in\n               motion pictures, \"the talkies\". Among the concerns of\n               the Board about the new technology was the cost of\n               purchasing new projectors that would allow viewing and\n               editing of synchronized films. In the annual report of\n               1931 comments are made about the \"great onslaught of\n               gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as vital for\n               Virginia as for the \"northern states where foreign\n               population is greater\". Nonetheless, the censors\n               considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n               situation\" that members of the Division hoped producers\n               of this genre of film would \"tone down in the\n               future\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1941 report advances in technology are\n               highlighted with the introduction of a new projector\n               known as the \"Juke Box\" that used sixteen millimeter\n               film. Once again, the report documents concerns about\n               getting state appropriations for the purchase of new\n               equipment. The reports for 1943-1944 make note of the\n               surprise in the increase in the number of films due to\n               the fact of restrictions placed on raw materials\n               (including film) during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe reports for later years (roughly 1947-1965) are\n               more statistical and less narrative in composition. The\n               statistical tables give a numerical breakdown of films.\n               The headings in the report include Totals for the Years,\n               Elimination, Rejections, Receipts, Disbursements, and\n               Revenue Refunds. The financial statements provide the\n               amount of fees collected and turned over to the state\n               treasurer. Often the statements will include\n               disbursements of operating expenses and capital\n               outlays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of forms sent to the studios\n               documenting in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts\n               from feature films. The form contains the name and\n               address of the studio, title of the movie, a brief and\n               graphice description of the scene cut from the original\n               movie, and the signatures of the Director of the\n               Division of Motion Picture Censorship an the authorized\n               agent for the studio. The form usually has triplicate\n               copies and sometimes includes an attachment of\n               correspondence between censors and studio\n               executives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of carbon copies of letters\n               mailed from the various director's of the Division of\n               Motion Picture Censorship and the other censors. The\n               letters cover a wide range of topics including the\n               discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n               decisions made by the division. The files include\n               information on the daily operations of the division\n               along with the records from two prominent former\n               directors, Mrs. Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. russell F.\n               Wagers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of copies of outgoing and\n               incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n               Motion Picture Censorship and theater and drive-in\n               owners of viable theater within the state. The\n               correspondence mainly conists of letters from the\n               director seeking recommendations for the names of\n               individuals to work as inspectors, to view films, and\n               verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n               applied to the print. The files are organized by the\n               name of the theater and include the theater location.\n               The files have special notations for \"Negro\" only\n               theaters and inspectors. There are also report forms\n               that list the number of admission cards issued to an\n               inspector.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series offers the outgoing and incoming letters\n               between the Director of the Division of Motion Picture\n               Censorship and the owners of theaters and drive-ins that\n               were no longer in existence. The correspondence mainly\n               consists of inquiries by the Director for the name of\n               inspectors for the theaters and notification to the\n               Director that the theater or drive-in is no longer in\n               operation. Some files may contain returned admission\n               cards issued to inspectors for their free admittance\n               into the theaters. These files include index cards with\n               the name and address of the inspector assigned to a\n               specific theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series combines general correspondence of the\n               agency director and correspondence regarding films that\n               were eliminated for viewing within the state of\n               Virginia. The correspondence consists of letters mailed\n               to movie distributors and court documents, as well as\n               correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n               series also includes selected promotional movie posters,\n               examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n               magazines, and scripts of some of the movies listed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series documents the work of censorship boards\n               in other states and Canada. The format of the reports\n               vary, however all reports provide movie titles, scenes\n               deleted from movies, total number of prints, and the\n               studio responsible for producing the film.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: LICENSE APPLICATIONS, 1926-1965 (14.5 cu. ft.)\n         This series contains the actual applications for licenses to\n         show and distribute films in the state of Virginia. The form\n         includes the following information: date of license, title of\n         movie or serial, names of lead characters, print number,\n         duplicate number, reel footage, name of studio and address,\n         notarized signature of designated representative for the\n         studio and the date and signature of the notary public. The\n         reverse side of the form may contain comments or remarks\n         regarding the elimination of offensive parts of a film or the\n         total rejection of a film due to its immoral content. Arranged\n         alphabetically by film title.","Series II: LICENSES (REGULAR AND NON-REGULAR), 1954-1965\n            (10. 5 cu. ft.) This series contains two types of\n            certificates, organized as Regular and Non-Regular\n            Licenses. Both Regular and Non-Regular license certificates\n            consists of two types of numbered forms. The license\n            certificate entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4)\n            certifies that a motion picture studio is permitted to\n            exhibit and display a film within the State of Virginia.\n            The form contains the title of the movie, the date the\n            certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n            studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship.\n            The second form is entitled Copy of Application For\n            Substitute Seal Original Receipted and Returned to\n            Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the studio name, the\n            title of the film, date issued and name of the Director.\n            The form states that the movie studio is applying for a\n            substitute seal to be attached to a print of the film\n            previously censored and approved by the Division. The major\n            difference between Regular and Non-Regular Licenses appears\n            to be the arrangement order and time period. Regular\n            Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS and cover the early\n            1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular Licenses are arranged\n            chronologically by serial number and cover the early\n            1960's. Arranged chronologically by serial number.","Series II: LICENSES (REGULAR AND NON-REGULAR), 1954-1965\n            (10. 5 cu. ft.) This series contains two types of\n            certificates, organized as Regular and Non-Regular\n            Licenses. Both Regular and Non-Regular license certificates\n            consists of two types of numbered forms. The license\n            certificate entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4)\n            certifies that a motion picture studio is permitted to\n            exhibit and display a film within the State of Virginia.\n            The form contains the title of the movie, the date the\n            certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n            studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship.\n            The second form is entitled Copy of Application For\n            Substitute Seal Original Receipted and Returned to\n            Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the studio name, the\n            title of the film, date issued and name of the Director.\n            The form states that the movie studio is applying for a\n            substitute seal to be attached to a print of the film\n            previously censored and approved by the Division. The major\n            difference between Regular and Non-Regular Licenses appears\n            to be the arrangement order and time period. Regular\n            Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS and cover the early\n            1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular Licenses are arranged\n            chronologically by serial number and cover the early\n            1960's. Arranged chronologically by serial number.","Series III: INDEX TO LICENSES AND APPLICATIONS,\n            1947-1965 (3.15 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index\n            cards that serve as an index to the non-Regular Licenses\n            and the License Applications. The index includes the motion\n            picture title, date license or application issued, studio\n            releasing film and serial number. The pink index cards\n            provide notations about the status of the film such as,\n            whether a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film\n            was eliminated or \"rejected in toto\" meaning it could not\n            be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n            film with the seal of Virginia, issued at a later date. The\n            index does not appear to apply to the Regular Licenses.\n            Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Series III: INDEX TO LICENSES AND APPLICATIONS,\n            1947-1965 (3.15 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index\n            cards that serve as an index to the non-Regular Licenses\n            and the License Applications. The index includes the motion\n            picture title, date license or application issued, studio\n            releasing film and serial number. The pink index cards\n            provide notations about the status of the film such as,\n            whether a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film\n            was eliminated or \"rejected in toto\" meaning it could not\n            be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n            film with the seal of Virginia, issued at a later date. The\n            index does not appear to apply to the Regular Licenses.\n            Arranged alphabetically by film title.","Series IV: ATTENDANCE REPORT FOR EMPLOYEES, 1958-1965\n            (2.1 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index cards that\n            served as attendance forms for employees of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n            employee, day of the week, check mark for when the employee\n            was present, or on sick/vacation leave and the signature of\n            employees. Arranged alphabetically by board member.","Series IV: ATTENDANCE REPORT FOR EMPLOYEES, 1958-1965\n            (2.1 cu. ft.) This series contains 4x6 index cards that\n            served as attendance forms for employees of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n            employee, day of the week, check mark for when the employee\n            was present, or on sick/vacation leave and the signature of\n            employees. Arranged alphabetically by board member.","Series V: THEATRE AND INSPECTOR LISTINGS, 1959-1965 (.35\n            cu. ft.) This series provides 4x6 index cards giving an\n            alphabetical listing of movie theatres and separate listing\n            for the name and address of inspectors along with the\n            theatres they were responsible for monitoring. The movie\n            theatres are organized by location of county, city and\n            town. The index cards have notations for \"Negro\" inspectors\n            and/or \"Negro\" owned theatres. The cards are divided into\n            active (white color) and inactive (pink color) cards. There\n            is a separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n            drive-ins. Arranged alphabetically by location.","Series V: THEATRE AND INSPECTOR LISTINGS, 1959-1965 (.35\n            cu. ft.) This series provides 4x6 index cards giving an\n            alphabetical listing of movie theatres and separate listing\n            for the name and address of inspectors along with the\n            theatres they were responsible for monitoring. The movie\n            theatres are organized by location of county, city and\n            town. The index cards have notations for \"Negro\" inspectors\n            and/or \"Negro\" owned theatres. The cards are divided into\n            active (white color) and inactive (pink color) cards. There\n            is a separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n            drive-ins. Arranged alphabetically by location.","Series VI: LISTING OF FILM TITLES, 1928-1957 (1 cu.\n            ft.)This series offers a typed listing of movie titles,\n            seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated and\n            approved for viewing within the state. Some of the listings\n            give only the date, movie title, serial number and the\n            studio releasing the film. Arranged chronologically.","Series VI: LISTING OF FILM TITLES, 1928-1957 (1 cu.\n            ft.)This series offers a typed listing of movie titles,\n            seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated and\n            approved for viewing within the state. Some of the listings\n            give only the date, movie title, serial number and the\n            studio releasing the film. Arranged chronologically.","Series VII: FINANCIAL RECORDS, 1949-1960 (3.2 cu. ft.)\n            This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and a\n            selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings (the\n            form is entitled Film Record), which provide an overview of\n            the financial housekeeping of the agency. There are three\n            volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated 1950-1966 that\n            provides an accounting ledger format with columns for the\n            dates of transaction, studio names and assigned license\n            number, fees for original and duplicate licenses, news\n            reels charges and substitute seal fee along with totals for\n            all columns. There are two volumes entitled Disbursements\n            dated 1949-1950, an are organized in similar format as the\n            Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n            identified as follows; Salaries, Wages, Repairs,\n            Maintenance Service Contract, Travel, Transportation,\n            Communications, Printing, Other Expenses, Office Supplies,\n            Photographic, Supplies, Other Supplies, Office Equipment,\n            Fire Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Surety Insurance,\n            Technical Subscriptions and Capitol Outlay. The one tablet\n            entitled Office Cash Vouchers dated 1962, is an accounting\n            booklet for the office petty cash fund. The columns\n            headings in this tablet are for the Date of Transaction,\n            Nature of Disbursement, Amount Paid, Totals, the Signatures\n            for those authorized to approve payment, certification for\n            the correct reimbursement and the checker of the\n            transaction. The Daily Billings or Film Record dated\n            1960-1965, offers an insightful account of the amount of\n            fees generated by charges applied to studios for original\n            and duplicate prints and the seal issuance. The form\n            contains the title of the movie, studio releasing film\n            number of reels, total footage amount, print number,\n            original seal number, duplicate seal number, substitute\n            seal number and total amount of fees collected. Some\n            reports have adding machine ticker tabulations attached to\n            them. Arranged chronologically.","Series VII: FINANCIAL RECORDS, 1949-1960 (3.2 cu. ft.)\n            This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and a\n            selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings (the\n            form is entitled Film Record), which provide an overview of\n            the financial housekeeping of the agency. There are three\n            volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated 1950-1966 that\n            provides an accounting ledger format with columns for the\n            dates of transaction, studio names and assigned license\n            number, fees for original and duplicate licenses, news\n            reels charges and substitute seal fee along with totals for\n            all columns. There are two volumes entitled Disbursements\n            dated 1949-1950, an are organized in similar format as the\n            Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n            identified as follows; Salaries, Wages, Repairs,\n            Maintenance Service Contract, Travel, Transportation,\n            Communications, Printing, Other Expenses, Office Supplies,\n            Photographic, Supplies, Other Supplies, Office Equipment,\n            Fire Insurance, Workmen's Compensation, Surety Insurance,\n            Technical Subscriptions and Capitol Outlay. The one tablet\n            entitled Office Cash Vouchers dated 1962, is an accounting\n            booklet for the office petty cash fund. The columns\n            headings in this tablet are for the Date of Transaction,\n            Nature of Disbursement, Amount Paid, Totals, the Signatures\n            for those authorized to approve payment, certification for\n            the correct reimbursement and the checker of the\n            transaction. The Daily Billings or Film Record dated\n            1960-1965, offers an insightful account of the amount of\n            fees generated by charges applied to studios for original\n            and duplicate prints and the seal issuance. The form\n            contains the title of the movie, studio releasing film\n            number of reels, total footage amount, print number,\n            original seal number, duplicate seal number, substitute\n            seal number and total amount of fees collected. Some\n            reports have adding machine ticker tabulations attached to\n            them. Arranged chronologically.","Series VIII: OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1924-1966\n            (1.5 cu. ft) This series contains the office voucher files\n            for the Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files\n            provide information on financial management as well as\n            procedures included in the operation and administration of\n            the Division. There also are attendance reports for the\n            Censors. Some of the topics include information on the\n            Commonwealth's personnel act, procurement procedures and\n            monthly report of monies collected by the Division. These\n            records include a sampling of blank forms used by the\n            Division during its' operation. Arranged alphabetically by\n            subject.","Series VIII: OFFICE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS, 1924-1966\n            (1.5 cu. ft) This series contains the office voucher files\n            for the Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files\n            provide information on financial management as well as\n            procedures included in the operation and administration of\n            the Division. There also are attendance reports for the\n            Censors. Some of the topics include information on the\n            Commonwealth's personnel act, procurement procedures and\n            monthly report of monies collected by the Division. These\n            records include a sampling of blank forms used by the\n            Division during its' operation. Arranged alphabetically by\n            subject.","Series IX: REPORT OF FILM CLERKS, 1960-1965 (1.2 cu. ft.\n            )This series gives a form entitled Film Clerk's Report. The\n            form consists of multiple pages with the following\n            categories and headings: Title (movie title), Exchange\n            (studio name) Number of Reel, Footage, Print Number,\n            Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number, Duplicate\n            Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all categories on the\n            form contain information. Arranged chronologically by\n            date.","Series IX: REPORT OF FILM CLERKS, 1960-1965 (1.2 cu. ft.\n            )This series gives a form entitled Film Clerk's Report. The\n            form consists of multiple pages with the following\n            categories and headings: Title (movie title), Exchange\n            (studio name) Number of Reel, Footage, Print Number,\n            Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number, Duplicate\n            Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all categories on the\n            form contain information. Arranged chronologically by\n            date.","Series X: ANNUAL REPORTS, 1924-1965 (.2 cu. ft.) This\n            series contains the yearly reports for the Censorship\n            Division as submitted to the Governor. The reports provide\n            a detailed narrative and statistical breakdown of the\n            activities for the fiscal year. The first report reflects\n            in detail the standard used in the elimination and /or\n            rejections of certain films. The main purpose for\n            censorship was to prevent the display of \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such character that\n            their exhibition would tend to corrupt moral(s) or incite\n            crime\". The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n            descriptive narrative account of the activities of the\n            Board. The reports of the 1920's document the improprieties\n            of certain comic films of the day. One report states that\n            \"directors seem willing to violate all the refinements and\n            all conventions in order to get a laugh!\" There are\n            descriptions of total scenes cut from films along with\n            examples given of specific movies and the reasons for the\n            \"slicing\". The report of 1927- 1928 highlights the advent\n            of the new technology in motion pictures, \"the talkies\".\n            Among the concerns of the Board about the new technology\n            was the cost of purchasing new projectors that would allow\n            viewing and editing of synchronized films. In the Annual\n            Report of 1931, comments are made about the \"great\n            onslaught of gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as\n            vital for Virginia as for the \"northern states where the\n            foreign population is greater\". None the less the Censors'\n            considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n            situation\" that members of the Censors' hoped producers of\n            this genre of film would \"tone down in the future\". In the\n            1941 report, advances in technology are highlighted with\n            the introduction of a new projector known as the \"Juke Box\"\n            that used (16) sixteen-millimeter film. Once again, the\n            report documents concerns about getting state\n            appropriations for the purchase of new equipment. The\n            reports of 1943-1944 make note of the surprise in the\n            increase in the number of films due to the fact of\n            restrictions placed on raw materials (including film)\n            during World War II. The reports of later years (roughly\n            1947-1965) are more statistical and less narrative in\n            composition. The statistical tables give a numerical\n            breakdown of films. The headings on the report are Totals\n            for the Years, Elimination, Rejections, Receipts,\n            Disbursements and Revenue Refunds. The financial statements\n            provide the amount of fees collected and turned over to the\n            state treasurer. Often, they will include disbursement of\n            operating expenses and capital outlay. Arranged\n            chronologically.","Series X: ANNUAL REPORTS, 1924-1965 (.2 cu. ft.) This\n            series contains the yearly reports for the Censorship\n            Division as submitted to the Governor. The reports provide\n            a detailed narrative and statistical breakdown of the\n            activities for the fiscal year. The first report reflects\n            in detail the standard used in the elimination and /or\n            rejections of certain films. The main purpose for\n            censorship was to prevent the display of \"obscene,\n            indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such character that\n            their exhibition would tend to corrupt moral(s) or incite\n            crime\". The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n            descriptive narrative account of the activities of the\n            Board. The reports of the 1920's document the improprieties\n            of certain comic films of the day. One report states that\n            \"directors seem willing to violate all the refinements and\n            all conventions in order to get a laugh!\" There are\n            descriptions of total scenes cut from films along with\n            examples given of specific movies and the reasons for the\n            \"slicing\". The report of 1927- 1928 highlights the advent\n            of the new technology in motion pictures, \"the talkies\".\n            Among the concerns of the Board about the new technology\n            was the cost of purchasing new projectors that would allow\n            viewing and editing of synchronized films. In the Annual\n            Report of 1931, comments are made about the \"great\n            onslaught of gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as\n            vital for Virginia as for the \"northern states where the\n            foreign population is greater\". None the less the Censors'\n            considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n            situation\" that members of the Censors' hoped producers of\n            this genre of film would \"tone down in the future\". In the\n            1941 report, advances in technology are highlighted with\n            the introduction of a new projector known as the \"Juke Box\"\n            that used (16) sixteen-millimeter film. Once again, the\n            report documents concerns about getting state\n            appropriations for the purchase of new equipment. The\n            reports of 1943-1944 make note of the surprise in the\n            increase in the number of films due to the fact of\n            restrictions placed on raw materials (including film)\n            during World War II. The reports of later years (roughly\n            1947-1965) are more statistical and less narrative in\n            composition. The statistical tables give a numerical\n            breakdown of films. The headings on the report are Totals\n            for the Years, Elimination, Rejections, Receipts,\n            Disbursements and Revenue Refunds. The financial statements\n            provide the amount of fees collected and turned over to the\n            state treasurer. Often, they will include disbursement of\n            operating expenses and capital outlay. Arranged\n            chronologically.","Series XI: ELIMINATION RECORDS, 1945-1965 (.4 cu. ft.)\n            This series gives the form sent to the studios documenting\n            in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts from feature\n            films. The form contains the name and address of the\n            studio, title of movie, a brief and graphic description of\n            the scene cut from the original movie and the signatures of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship\n            and the authorized agent for the studio. The form usually\n            has triplicate copies and sometimes includes an attachment\n            of correspondence between Censors and studio executives.\n            Arranged chronologically.","Series XI: ELIMINATION RECORDS, 1945-1965 (.4 cu. ft.)\n            This series gives the form sent to the studios documenting\n            in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts from feature\n            films. The form contains the name and address of the\n            studio, title of movie, a brief and graphic description of\n            the scene cut from the original movie and the signatures of\n            the Director of the Division of Motion Picture Censorship\n            and the authorized agent for the studio. The form usually\n            has triplicate copies and sometimes includes an attachment\n            of correspondence between Censors and studio executives.\n            Arranged chronologically.","Series XII: CORRESPONDENCE (OUTGOING AND INCOMING),\n            1958-1966 (.8 cu. ft.) This series consists of carbon\n            copies of letters mailed from the various Directors' of the\n            Division of Motion Picture Censorship and the other\n            Censors. The letters cover a wide range of topics including\n            the discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n            decisions made by the Division. The files include\n            information on the daily operations of the division along\n            with the records from two prominent former directors, Mrs.\n            Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. Russell F. Wagers. Arranged\n            alphabetically by subject.","Series XII: CORRESPONDENCE (OUTGOING AND INCOMING),\n            1958-1966 (.8 cu. ft.) This series consists of carbon\n            copies of letters mailed from the various Directors' of the\n            Division of Motion Picture Censorship and the other\n            Censors. The letters cover a wide range of topics including\n            the discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n            decisions made by the Division. The files include\n            information on the daily operations of the division along\n            with the records from two prominent former directors, Mrs.\n            Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. Russell F. Wagers. Arranged\n            alphabetically by subject.","Series XIII: CORRESPONDENCE (ACTIVE THEATRES/DRIVE-INS),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series gives copies of\n            outgoing and incoming letters between the Director of the\n            Division and theater and drive-in owners of viable theaters\n            within the state from 1957 to 1965. The correspondence\n            mainly consists of the Director looking for recommendations\n            for the names of individuals to work as inspectors, to view\n            films and verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n            applied to the print. The files are organized by the name\n            of the theater and include the theaters' location. The\n            files have special notations for \"Negro\"only theaters and\n            inspectors. There are also report forms that list the\n            number of admission card issued to an inspector. Arranged\n            alphabetically by name of theater.","Series XIII: CORRESPONDENCE (ACTIVE THEATRES/DRIVE-INS),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series gives copies of\n            outgoing and incoming letters between the Director of the\n            Division and theater and drive-in owners of viable theaters\n            within the state from 1957 to 1965. The correspondence\n            mainly consists of the Director looking for recommendations\n            for the names of individuals to work as inspectors, to view\n            films and verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n            applied to the print. The files are organized by the name\n            of the theater and include the theaters' location. The\n            files have special notations for \"Negro\"only theaters and\n            inspectors. There are also report forms that list the\n            number of admission card issued to an inspector. Arranged\n            alphabetically by name of theater.","Series XIV: CORRESPONDENCE (INACTIVE-CLOSED THEATRES),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series offers the outgoing and\n            incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship and the owners of theaters and\n            drive-ins that were no longer in existence. The\n            correspondence mainly consists of inquiries by the Director\n            for the name of inspectors for the theaters and\n            notification to the Director that the theater or drive-in\n            is no longer in operation. Some files may contain returned\n            admission cards issued to inspectors for their free\n            admittance into the theaters. These files may include an\n            index card with the name and address of the inspector\n            assigned to a specific theater. Arranged alphabetically by\n            name of theater.","Series XIV: CORRESPONDENCE (INACTIVE-CLOSED THEATRES),\n            1957-1965 (2.3 cu. ft.) This series offers the outgoing and\n            incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n            Motion Picture Censorship and the owners of theaters and\n            drive-ins that were no longer in existence. The\n            correspondence mainly consists of inquiries by the Director\n            for the name of inspectors for the theaters and\n            notification to the Director that the theater or drive-in\n            is no longer in operation. Some files may contain returned\n            admission cards issued to inspectors for their free\n            admittance into the theaters. These files may include an\n            index card with the name and address of the inspector\n            assigned to a specific theater. Arranged alphabetically by\n            name of theater.","Series XV: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE AND CONTROVERSIAL\n            FILMS, 1922-1966 (2.7 cu. ft.) This series combines general\n            correspondence of the agency director and correspondence\n            regarding films that were eliminated for viewing within the\n            state of Virginia. The correspondences consist of letters\n            mailed to movie distributors, court documents as well as\n            correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n            series includes selected promotional movie posters,\n            examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n            magazines and scripts of some of the movies listed. There\n            are recurring issues that caused grave concern for the\n            Censors. Among those issues of concern are films that\n            depict \"miscegenation\". It is noted in the records that\n            sexual relations between Black and white people were\n            against the law and transgresses \"rules of propriety\". In\n            general, films that displayed sexual content were strictly\n            censored or rejected in toto. In one report the suggested\n            that \"some of the bedroom scenes are particularly\n            disgusting and are calculated to shock even the most\n            vulgar.\" Violent films and movies emphasizing racial\n            situations were rejected due to concerns that these movies\n            might incite people to riot. The Censors rejected a 1947\n            movie entitled \"The Burning Cross,\" (a film portraying the\n            Ku Klux Klan in a negative light) because of the films'\n            tendencies to \"excite prejudices and intense emotions\n            thereby reviving controversies and disputes that the\n            Censors' believes presently to be quiet, and not now\n            occupying the public attention\". The Censors' insisted that\n            the film be banned despite objections from religious\n            leaders and civil rights organizations such as the N.A.A.C.\n            P., which wanted the film shown to help counter the \"more\n            than a score of years of propaganda\" in support of the\n            K.K.K. in the movie industry. The civil rights organization\n            was perplexed by the Board's action since they had\n            supposedly allowed the showing of \"The Birth of a Nation\",\n            a film that portrayed the Klan in a most favorable light.\n            In, 1924 a movie entitled \"A Son of Satan\" \"released by a\n            colored concern\" was banned in toto because it portrayed \"a\n            mulatto whose villainies were inherited by his white\n            forefathers\". Arranged alphabetically.","Series XV: GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE AND CONTROVERSIAL\n            FILMS, 1922-1966 (2.7 cu. ft.) This series combines general\n            correspondence of the agency director and correspondence\n            regarding films that were eliminated for viewing within the\n            state of Virginia. The correspondences consist of letters\n            mailed to movie distributors, court documents as well as\n            correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n            series includes selected promotional movie posters,\n            examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n            magazines and scripts of some of the movies listed. There\n            are recurring issues that caused grave concern for the\n            Censors. Among those issues of concern are films that\n            depict \"miscegenation\". It is noted in the records that\n            sexual relations between Black and white people were\n            against the law and transgresses \"rules of propriety\". In\n            general, films that displayed sexual content were strictly\n            censored or rejected in toto. In one report the suggested\n            that \"some of the bedroom scenes are particularly\n            disgusting and are calculated to shock even the most\n            vulgar.\" Violent films and movies emphasizing racial\n            situations were rejected due to concerns that these movies\n            might incite people to riot. The Censors rejected a 1947\n            movie entitled \"The Burning Cross,\" (a film portraying the\n            Ku Klux Klan in a negative light) because of the films'\n            tendencies to \"excite prejudices and intense emotions\n            thereby reviving controversies and disputes that the\n            Censors' believes presently to be quiet, and not now\n            occupying the public attention\". The Censors' insisted that\n            the film be banned despite objections from religious\n            leaders and civil rights organizations such as the N.A.A.C.\n            P., which wanted the film shown to help counter the \"more\n            than a score of years of propaganda\" in support of the\n            K.K.K. in the movie industry. The civil rights organization\n            was perplexed by the Board's action since they had\n            supposedly allowed the showing of \"The Birth of a Nation\",\n            a film that portrayed the Klan in a most favorable light.\n            In, 1924 a movie entitled \"A Son of Satan\" \"released by a\n            colored concern\" was banned in toto because it portrayed \"a\n            mulatto whose villainies were inherited by his white\n            forefathers\". Arranged alphabetically.","Series VI: CENSORSHIP REPORTS, 1960-1965 (.8 cu. ft.)\n            This series documents the work of censorship boards in\n            other states and Canada. The format of the reports vary\n            however, all the reports provide movie titles, scenes\n            deleted from movies, total number of prints and the studio\n            responsible for producing the film. Arranged\n            chronologically by date of report.","Series VI: CENSORSHIP REPORTS, 1960-1965 (.8 cu. ft.)\n            This series documents the work of censorship boards in\n            other states and Canada. The format of the reports vary\n            however, all the reports provide movie titles, scenes\n            deleted from movies, total number of prints and the studio\n            responsible for producing the film. Arranged\n            chronologically by date of report.","This series offers the actual application for license\n               to show and distribute films in the state of Virginia.\n               The form contains the following information: date of\n               license, title of movie or serial, names of lead\n               characters, print number, duplicate number, reel\n               footage, name of studio and address, notarized signature\n               of designated representative for the studio and the date\n               and signature of the notary public. The reverse side of\n               the form may contain comments or remarks regarding the\n               elimination of offensive parts of a film or the total\n               rejection of a film due to its immoral content.","This series contains two types of certificates,\n               organized as Regular and Non-Regular Licenses. Both\n               Regular and Non-Regular license certificates consists of\n               two types of numbered forms. The license certificate\n               entitled Licenses For Duplicates (Form 4) certifies that\n               a motion picture studio is permitted to exhibit and\n               display a film within the State of Virginia. The form\n               contains the title of the movie, the date the\n               certificate was issued, the amount of fee paid by the\n               studio, serial number, print number and the signature of\n               the Director of the Division of Motion Picture\n               Censorship. The second form is entitled Copy of\n               Application For Substitute Seal Original Receipted and\n               Returned to Applicant (Form 8). This form gives the\n               studio name, the title of the film, date issued and name\n               of the Director. The form states that the movie studio\n               is applying for a substitute seal to be attached to a\n               print of the film previously censored and approved by\n               the Division.","The major difference between Regular and Non-Regular\n               Licenses appears to be the arrangement order and time\n               period. Regular Licenses are arranged by the prefix CS\n               and cover the early 1950's to 1965 while the Non-Regular\n               Licenses are arranged chronologically by serial number\n               and cover the early 1960's.","This series contains 4x6 index cards that serve as an\n               index to the non-regular licenses and the license\n               applications. The index provides the motion picture\n               title, dat of license or application, studio releasing\n               the film and serial number. The pink index cards provide\n               notations about the status of the film, such as, whether\n               a seal has been issued for a film, whether the film was\n               eliminated or \"rejected in toto\", meaning it could not\n               be shown in the state, and the conditional approval of a\n               film with the seal of Virginia issued at a later date.\n               The index does not apply to the regular licenses.","This series contains 4x6 index cards that served as\n               attendance forms for imployees of the Division of Motion\n               Picture Censorship. Each card has the name of the\n               employee, day of the week, check mark for when the\n               employee was present or on sick/vacation leave, and the\n               signature of employees.","This series consists of 4x6 index cards giving an\n               alphabetical listing of movie theaters and a separate\n               listing for the name and address of inspectors along\n               with the names of the theaters they were responsible for\n               monitoring. The movie theaters are organized by location\n               of county, city or town. The index cards have notations\n               for \"Negro\" inspectores and/or \"Negro\" owned theaters.\n               The cards are divided into active (white color cards)\n               and inactive (pink color cards) cards. There is a\n               separate listing of index cards for inspectors of\n               drive-in theaters.","This series provides a typed listing of movie titles,\n               seal numbers, and notations of films eliminated or\n               approved for viewing within the state. Some of the\n               listings supply only the date, movie title, serial\n               number and name of the studio releasing the film.","This series consists of five volumes, one tablet, and\n               a selection of financial reports that are Daily Billings\n               (the form is entitled Film Record), which provide an\n               overview of the financial housekeeping of the agency.\n               There are three volumes entitled Cash Receipts dated\n               1950-1966 that provide an accounting ledger format with\n               columns for dates of transactions, studio names and\n               assigned license number, fees for original and duplicate\n               licenses, news reels charges and substitute seal fee,\n               along with totals for all columns.","There are two volumes entitles Disbursements dated\n               1949-1950 that are organized in similar format to the\n               Cash Receipts. The columns in these two volumes are\n               identified follows: salaries, wages, repairs,\n               maintenance service contract, travel, transportation,\n               communications, printing, other expenses, office\n               supplies, photographic, supplies, other supplies, office\n               equipment, fire insurance, workmen's compensation,\n               surety insurance, technical subscriptions, and capital\n               outlay.","The one tablet entitled Office Cash Vouchers is dated\n               1962 and is an accounting booklet for the office petty\n               cash fund. The column headings in this tablet are for\n               date of transaction, nature of disbursement, amount\n               paid, totals and signatures for those authorized to\n               approve payment, certification for the correct\n               reimbursement and the checker of the transaction.","The Daily Billings or Film Record are dated 1960-1965\n               and provide and insightful account of the amount of fees\n               generated by charges applied to studios for original and\n               duplicate prints and the seal of issuance. The contains\n               the title of the movie, studio releasing film, number of\n               reels, total footage amount, print number, original seal\n               number, duplicate seal number, substitute seal number\n               and total of fees collected. Some reports have adding\n               machine tabulations attached to them.","This series contains the office voucher files for the\n               Division of Motion Picture Censorship. The files provide\n               information on financial management as well as\n               procedures for the operation and administration of the\n               Division. There are also annual reports and attendance\n               reports for the censors. Some topical files include\n               information on the Commonwealth's personnel act,\n               procurement procedures and monthly reports of monies\n               collected by the Division. These records include a\n               sampling of blank forms used by the Division during it's\n               operation.","This series consists of forms entitled Film Clerk's\n               Report. This form consists of multiple pages with the\n               following categories and headings: Title (movie title),\n               Exchange (studio name), Number of Reel, Footage, Print\n               Number, Original Seal Number, Duplicate Print Number,\n               Duplicate Seal Number, and Substitute Seal. Not all\n               categories on the form contain information.","This series contains the yearly reports for the\n               Censorship Division as submitted to the Governor. The\n               reports provide a detailed narrative and statistical\n               breakdown of the activities for the fiscal year. The\n               first report reflects in detail the standard used in the\n               elimination and/or rejection of certain films. The main\n               purpose for censorship was to prevent the display of\n               \"obscene, indecent, immoral or inhuman films of such\n               character that their exhibition would tend to corrupt\n               morals or incite crime.\"","The earlier reports (roughly 1924-1935) offer a\n               descriptive narrative acount of the activities of the\n               Board. The reports of the 1920's document the\n               improprieties of certain comic films of the day. One\n               report states that \"directors seem willing to violate\n               all the refinements and all conventions in order to get\n               a laugh.\" There are descriptions of total scenes cut\n               from films along with examples given of specific movies\n               and the reasons for the \"slicing\". The report for\n               1927-1928 highlights the advent of the new technology in\n               motion pictures, \"the talkies\". Among the concerns of\n               the Board about the new technology was the cost of\n               purchasing new projectors that would allow viewing and\n               editing of synchronized films. In the annual report of\n               1931 comments are made about the \"great onslaught of\n               gang pictures\". This \"problem\" was not seen as vital for\n               Virginia as for the \"northern states where foreign\n               population is greater\". Nonetheless, the censors\n               considered gangster movies fostered a \"disagreeable\n               situation\" that members of the Division hoped producers\n               of this genre of film would \"tone down in the\n               future\".","In the 1941 report advances in technology are\n               highlighted with the introduction of a new projector\n               known as the \"Juke Box\" that used sixteen millimeter\n               film. Once again, the report documents concerns about\n               getting state appropriations for the purchase of new\n               equipment. The reports for 1943-1944 make note of the\n               surprise in the increase in the number of films due to\n               the fact of restrictions placed on raw materials\n               (including film) during World War II.","The reports for later years (roughly 1947-1965) are\n               more statistical and less narrative in composition. The\n               statistical tables give a numerical breakdown of films.\n               The headings in the report include Totals for the Years,\n               Elimination, Rejections, Receipts, Disbursements, and\n               Revenue Refunds. The financial statements provide the\n               amount of fees collected and turned over to the state\n               treasurer. Often the statements will include\n               disbursements of operating expenses and capital\n               outlays.","This series consists of forms sent to the studios\n               documenting in writing the eliminated scenes or cuts\n               from feature films. The form contains the name and\n               address of the studio, title of the movie, a brief and\n               graphice description of the scene cut from the original\n               movie, and the signatures of the Director of the\n               Division of Motion Picture Censorship an the authorized\n               agent for the studio. The form usually has triplicate\n               copies and sometimes includes an attachment of\n               correspondence between censors and studio\n               executives.","This series consists of carbon copies of letters\n               mailed from the various director's of the Division of\n               Motion Picture Censorship and the other censors. The\n               letters cover a wide range of topics including the\n               discussion with studio executives regarding censorship\n               decisions made by the division. The files include\n               information on the daily operations of the division\n               along with the records from two prominent former\n               directors, Mrs. Lollie C. Whitehead and Mrs. russell F.\n               Wagers.","This series consists of copies of outgoing and\n               incoming letters between the Director of the Division of\n               Motion Picture Censorship and theater and drive-in\n               owners of viable theater within the state. The\n               correspondence mainly conists of letters from the\n               director seeking recommendations for the names of\n               individuals to work as inspectors, to view films, and\n               verify that the state seal had been appropriately\n               applied to the print. The files are organized by the\n               name of the theater and include the theater location.\n               The files have special notations for \"Negro\" only\n               theaters and inspectors. There are also report forms\n               that list the number of admission cards issued to an\n               inspector.","This series offers the outgoing and incoming letters\n               between the Director of the Division of Motion Picture\n               Censorship and the owners of theaters and drive-ins that\n               were no longer in existence. The correspondence mainly\n               consists of inquiries by the Director for the name of\n               inspectors for the theaters and notification to the\n               Director that the theater or drive-in is no longer in\n               operation. Some files may contain returned admission\n               cards issued to inspectors for their free admittance\n               into the theaters. These files include index cards with\n               the name and address of the inspector assigned to a\n               specific theater.","This series combines general correspondence of the\n               agency director and correspondence regarding films that\n               were eliminated for viewing within the state of\n               Virginia. The correspondence consists of letters mailed\n               to movie distributors and court documents, as well as\n               correspondence from the state's Attorney General. The\n               series also includes selected promotional movie posters,\n               examples of advertisements in movie industry trade\n               magazines, and scripts of some of the movies listed.","This series documents the work of censorship boards\n               in other states and Canada. The format of the reports\n               vary, however all reports provide movie titles, scenes\n               deleted from movies, total number of prints, and the\n               studio responsible for producing the film."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eState Records Collection,\n         Acc. 26515\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Collection,\n         Acc. 26515"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1647,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:16:53.688Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00090_c14_c225"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c1452","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York Drug Co., Norfolk, August 1920","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c1452#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c1452","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c1452"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c1452","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","York Drug Co., Norfolk, August 1920","box 105","folder 51"],"title_filing_ssi":"York Drug Co., Norfolk, August 1920\n\t","title_ssm":["York Drug Co., Norfolk, August 1920"],"title_tesim":["York Drug Co., Norfolk, August 1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York Drug Co., Norfolk, August 1920"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":6801,"containers_ssim":["box 105","folder 51"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#1451","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c1452"}},{"id":"vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York Electro-Cast Company (Highway Markers)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64_c01","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64_c01"],"id":"vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64_c01","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00960","_root_":"vi_vi00960","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00960","vi_vi00960_c01","vi_vi00960_c01_c01","vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00960","vi_vi00960_c01","vi_vi00960_c01_c01","vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)","Subseries A: Correspondence, 1927-1950","Topics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)","Subseries A: Correspondence, 1927-1950","Topics"],"text":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)","Subseries A: Correspondence, 1927-1950","Topics","York Electro-Cast Company (Highway Markers)","box 55","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"York Electro-Cast Company (Highway Markers)\n","title_ssm":["York Electro-Cast Company (Highway Markers)"],"title_tesim":["York Electro-Cast Company (Highway Markers)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York Electro-Cast Company (Highway Markers)"],"component_level_isim":[4],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":619,"containers_ssim":["box 55","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#63/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00960","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00960","_root_":"vi_vi00960","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00960","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00960.xml","title_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"title_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n"],"text":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n","Records,\n1927-1950","49.52 cubic feet","Collection is open to research.\n","Organized into the following series:\n","I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n IV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n V. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n","The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n","In 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n","In addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n","The Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n","The Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n","The creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n","For researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n","The Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n","Oversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n","It is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","The Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n","This subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n"," The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n"," This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n Richmond Battlefield Park\n . Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n"," Correspondence with\n William A. Wright\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n Shenandoah National Park\n  includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n Wright Brothers\n ) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n Rowland Egger\n ) and Conrad (\n P. Tulane Atkinson\n , 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n John Garland Pollard\n , 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n Growth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n  (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n"," Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n","This subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n","The most significant correspondence are between\n William E. Carson\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n","Notable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n","Of note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n","Topics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n","The correspondence of\n Bryan Conrad\n , contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n","Correspondence between\n Douglas Southall Freeman\n  and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n","Wilbur C. Hall\n  was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n","The correspondence of\n M.F. Pleasants\n , Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n Highway Department and Markers\n .\n","Also of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n Mrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n  and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n Virginia World War II History\n ).\n","Additional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n","The Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n","In September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n","Most of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n","This subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n","A few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n","This subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n","The Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n","In October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n","The Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n","This subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n","This series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n","The Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n","Contents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n The Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n , 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n Glen Mary: Past and Present\n  by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n Directory of Surry County, Virginia\n , 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"collection_ssim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History\n"],"creator_ssim":["Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessions 24806a-c transferred from History Division, Virginia State Library on 30 June 1958; Accession 25913 transferred from Historic Publications Division, Virginia State Library on 21 November 1963;\nAccession 41571 transferred to Archives on 29 November 2004.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["49.52 cubic feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eI. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eII. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIII. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eV. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into the following series:\n","I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n IV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n V. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n","In 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n","In addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n","The Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927-1950. Accession 24806a-c, 25913 and 41571, State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927-1950. Accession 24806a-c, 25913 and 41571, State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eRichmond Battlefield Park\n\u003c/emph\u003e. Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence with\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eWilliam A. Wright\n\u003c/emph\u003e, chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eShenandoah National Park\n\u003c/emph\u003e includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eWright Brothers\n\u003c/emph\u003e) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eRowland Egger\n\u003c/emph\u003e) and Conrad (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eP. Tulane Atkinson\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eJohn Garland Pollard\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGrowth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n\u003c/emph\u003e (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe most significant correspondence are between\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eWilliam E. Carson\n\u003c/title\u003e, chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eBryan Conrad\n\u003c/title\u003e, contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eDouglas Southall Freeman\n\u003c/title\u003e and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eWilbur C. Hall\n\u003c/title\u003e was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eM.F. Pleasants\n\u003c/title\u003e, Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eHighway Department and Markers\n\u003c/title\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eMrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n\u003c/title\u003e and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia World War II History\n\u003c/title\u003e).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGlen Mary: Past and Present\n\u003c/emph\u003e by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDirectory of Surry County, Virginia\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n","The creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n","For researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n","The Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n","Oversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n","It is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","The Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n","This subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n"," The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n"," This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n Richmond Battlefield Park\n . Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n"," Correspondence with\n William A. Wright\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n Shenandoah National Park\n  includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n Wright Brothers\n ) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n Rowland Egger\n ) and Conrad (\n P. Tulane Atkinson\n , 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n John Garland Pollard\n , 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n Growth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n  (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n"," Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n","This subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n","The most significant correspondence are between\n William E. Carson\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n","Notable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n","Of note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n","Topics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n","The correspondence of\n Bryan Conrad\n , contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n","Correspondence between\n Douglas Southall Freeman\n  and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n","Wilbur C. Hall\n  was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n","The correspondence of\n M.F. Pleasants\n , Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n Highway Department and Markers\n .\n","Also of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n Mrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n  and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n Virginia World War II History\n ).\n","Additional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n","The Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n","In September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n","Most of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n","This subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n","A few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n","This subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n","The Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n","In October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n","The Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n","This subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n","This series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n","The Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n","Contents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n The Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n , 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n Glen Mary: Past and Present\n  by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n Directory of Surry County, Virginia\n , 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1299,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00960_c01_c01_c64_c01"}},{"id":"vi_vi01213_c01_c557","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"York - Emergency School For Yorktown,\nJuly 1941","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213_c01_c557#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01213_c01_c557","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01213_c01_c557"],"id":"vi_vi01213_c01_c557","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01213","_root_":"vi_vi01213","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01213_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01213_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01213","vi_vi01213_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01213","vi_vi01213_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Series I. Localities."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Series I. Localities."],"text":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Series I. Localities.","York - Emergency School For Yorktown,\nJuly 1941","folder 9","folder 11-R-11"],"title_filing_ssi":"York - Emergency School For Yorktown,\n July 1941\n","title_ssm":["York - Emergency School For Yorktown,\nJuly 1941"],"title_tesim":["York - Emergency School For Yorktown,\nJuly 1941"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York - Emergency School For Yorktown,\nJuly 1941"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":558,"containers_ssim":["folder 9","folder 11-R-11"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#556","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:41:38.476Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01213","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01213","_root_":"vi_vi01213","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01213.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28487\n"],"text":["28487\n","A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings.","There are no access restrictions.\n","Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n","Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n","This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["28487\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Department of Education School Buildings Service, Richmond, Virginia, 19 November 1974.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Localities\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Renderings/Photographs\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Standard Plans\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by locality. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":698,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:41:38.476Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213_c01_c557"}},{"id":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c542","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York (E-T),\n\t1964-1966\n\t.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c542#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c542","ref_ssm":["vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c542"],"id":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c542","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c06","vi_vi02003_c06_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c06","vi_vi02003_c06_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries II. Routine, \n\t1957-1966."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries II. Routine, \n\t1957-1966."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries II. Routine, \n\t1957-1966.","York (E-T),\n\t1964-1966\n\t.","box 647"],"title_filing_ssi":" York (E-T),\n\t 1964-1966\n\t .","title_ssm":["York (E-T),\n\t1964-1966\n\t."],"title_tesim":["York (E-T),\n\t1964-1966\n\t."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York (E-T),\n\t1964-1966\n\t."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1606,"containers_ssim":["box 647"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#541","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02003","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02003.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["26517\n"],"text":["26517\n","Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)","Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t","The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.","This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["26517\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"creator_ssim":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 26517 was transfered by the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 29-30 June 1966.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrivacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Minutes\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Legal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Maps\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Applications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This series is arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1745,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c542"}},{"id":"vi_vi01213_c01_c554","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"York - Grammar School For Messick,\nAug 1922","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213_c01_c554#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01213_c01_c554","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01213_c01_c554"],"id":"vi_vi01213_c01_c554","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01213","_root_":"vi_vi01213","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01213_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01213_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01213","vi_vi01213_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01213","vi_vi01213_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Series I. Localities."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Series I. Localities."],"text":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Series I. Localities.","York - Grammar School For Messick,\nAug 1922","folder 9","folder 11-R-10"],"title_filing_ssi":"York - Grammar School For Messick,\n Aug 1922\n","title_ssm":["York - Grammar School For Messick,\nAug 1922"],"title_tesim":["York - Grammar School For Messick,\nAug 1922"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York - Grammar School For Messick,\nAug 1922"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":555,"containers_ssim":["folder 9","folder 11-R-10"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#553","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:41:38.476Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01213","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01213","_root_":"vi_vi01213","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01213","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01213.xml","title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28487\n"],"text":["28487\n","A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings.","There are no access restrictions.\n","Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n","Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n","This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["28487\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"collection_ssim":["A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Department of Education School Buildings Service, Richmond, Virginia, 19 November 1974.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Consists of approximately 3600 sheets of mostly pencil on paper with some blueprints, Diazo prints, photographs, and color renderings."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Most of the original documents in this collection are also available on microfilm (miscellaneous reels 1830-1837). Researchers should note that material in Series III. is not available on film, but the drawings and plans in Series IV. are only available on film.  Please see the individual series descriptions for information on specific reel assignments.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Localities\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II. Renderings/Photographs\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III. Standard Plans\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by locality. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no particular method of arrangement.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I. Localities Series II. Renderings/Photographs Series III. Standard Plans Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only","Arranged alphabetically by locality. ","Folders 1-L-1 through 3-R-16 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1832.","Folders 3-R-17 through 6-L-10 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1833.","Folders 6-L-11 through 7-R-7 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1834.","Folders 7-R-8 through 9-R-4 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1835.","Folders 9-R-5 through 10-L-17 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1836.","Folders 10-L-18 through 13-L-12 can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837, excluding folders 12-L-9 and 12-R-1 which were not filmed.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n","There is no particular method of arrangement.","All drawings in box 10 within Series III. can be found on Miscellaneous Reel 1837. ","The drawings found in boxes 11-13 are not on film.","There is no particular method of arrangement.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally commissioned to ensure that requirements for light, air, sanitation, and fire safety established in the 1919 Code of Virginia were met, the Division of School Buildings gradually assumed the\nresponsibility of designing or accepting plans for newly consolidated and reformed schools. Though slight modifications to the plans could be made to conform to each region's aesthetic preference, the basic plan,\ndesigned to positively affect the educational experience of the students, came from the Division of School Buildings.\n","As a matter of form, school designs and plans are submitted to The Department of Education's Facilities Management Division today, though the individual localities themselves choose and approve designs for\ntheir schools.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Dept. of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans, 1920-1970. Accession 28487. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This accession consists of original pencil on tracing paper architectural drawings and plans, renderings and prints for both urban and rural schools in Virginia from 1920-1970. The collection is arranged into three series: Series I. Localities, which consists of drawings for specific schools in those locations; Series II. Renderings/Photographs, which consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings, including the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools; Series III. Standard Plans, which consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures; and Series IV. Drawings on Microfilm Only, which consists of a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.\n","The majority of these plans were designed by in-house architects, however, some outside professionals were utilized. While most are standard designs, aesthetic additions were made to individual buildings to suit the architectural character of the locality or municipality. Many of the structures represented were new construction undertaken as a result of education reforms in the first half of the 20th century.\n","Contains drawings for specific schools in various Virginia localities. \n","Consists of architectural renderings and photographs of school buildings. These include the original schools on the particular site, as well as newly constructed schools.\n","Consists of standardized plans for various types of school buildings and related structures. \n","Contains a variety of school drawings and plans for which the Library of Virginia does not hold the originals.  This material is available only on microfilm.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":698,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:41:38.476Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01213_c01_c554"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c868","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York, Hugh B., Williamston, NC, February 1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c868#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c868","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c868"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c868","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c05_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c05","vi_vi01055_c05_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series V: Permits, 1918-1934. Boxes 99-180","Item","York, Hugh B., Williamston, NC, February 1919","box 101","folder 201"],"title_filing_ssi":"York, Hugh B., Williamston, NC, February 1919\n\t","title_ssm":["York, Hugh B., Williamston, NC, February 1919"],"title_tesim":["York, Hugh B., Williamston, NC, February 1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York, Hugh B., Williamston, NC, February 1919"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":6217,"containers_ssim":["box 101","folder 201"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0/components#867","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c05_c01_c868"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c01_c02_c359","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York, Lewis N., Troutdale, 1922-1923","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c01_c02_c359#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c01_c02_c359","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c01_c02_c359"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c01_c02_c359","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c01","vi_vi01055_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c01","vi_vi01055_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934. Boxes 1-14","Subseries I.B: Personnel Files, 1916-1934. Boxes 7-14"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934. Boxes 1-14","Subseries I.B: Personnel Files, 1916-1934. Boxes 7-14"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934. Boxes 1-14","Subseries I.B: Personnel Files, 1916-1934. Boxes 7-14","York, Lewis N., Troutdale, 1922-1923","box 12","folder 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"York, Lewis N., Troutdale, 1922-1923\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York, Lewis N., Troutdale, 1922-1923"],"title_tesim":["York, Lewis N., Troutdale, 1922-1923"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York, Lewis N., Troutdale, 1922-1923"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2356,"containers_ssim":["box 12","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#358","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c01_c02_c359"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":475431},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A1833-1848\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A+++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A1846-1860\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A1966-1973\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) Register of Colored Persons cohabiting together as Husband and Wife,\n27th February 1866","value":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) 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