{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47447\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47446\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47448\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47544\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47447,"next_page":47448,"prev_page":47446,"total_pages":47544,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":474460,"total_count":475431,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi01538","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01538#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01538#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county. This volume also contains original marriage consents. An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration. This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom. An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record. Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses. A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830). Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01538#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01538","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01538","_root_":"vi_vi01538","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01538","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01538.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1147016\n"],"text":["1147016\n","York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849","Clergy--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Marriage bonds--Virginia--York County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--York County.","Marriage records--Virginia--York County.","1 vol. (440 p.)  This volume is a negative photostatic copy.","There are no restrictions.\n","York County was originally named Charles River County.  It was formed in 1634 and given its present name in 1643.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The bond was pledged, with two or more sufficient securities (or witnesses), but no money was exchanged.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  The practice of bonding was discontinued in 1849, although in some communities bonds were pledged into the 1850s.  This practice insured against legal action should the marriage not take place, if either party declined to go through with the union, or if one of the parties were found to be ineligible for marriage--if either the bride or groom were already married or was underage and lacked approval to wed.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.\n","The marriage bonds and consents of York County (Va.) described in this collection were created by the County Court.\n","Additional York County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county.  This volume also contains original marriage consents.  An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration.  This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom.  An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record.  Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses.  A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830).  Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \n","Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 43. \n","Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1147016\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume was collated and restored by the Yorktown Branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) in 1933 from the original records found in the York County Circuit Court Clerk's Office.  The negative photostatic copy of this volume was created by the Virginia State Library's (now Library of Virginia) Archives Division.  The microfilm copy of this volume was generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah--while filming at the York County Circuit Court Clerk's Office in 1954.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clergy--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Marriage bonds--Virginia--York County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--York County.","Marriage records--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clergy--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Marriage bonds--Virginia--York County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--York County.","Marriage records--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 vol. (440 p.)  This volume is a negative photostatic copy."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was originally named Charles River County.  It was formed in 1634 and given its present name in 1643.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The bond was pledged, with two or more sufficient securities (or witnesses), but no money was exchanged.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  The practice of bonding was discontinued in 1849, although in some communities bonds were pledged into the 1850s.  This practice insured against legal action should the marriage not take place, if either party declined to go through with the union, or if one of the parties were found to be ineligible for marriage--if either the bride or groom were already married or was underage and lacked approval to wed.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe marriage bonds and consents of York County (Va.) described in this collection were created by the County Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was originally named Charles River County.  It was formed in 1634 and given its present name in 1643.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The bond was pledged, with two or more sufficient securities (or witnesses), but no money was exchanged.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  The practice of bonding was discontinued in 1849, although in some communities bonds were pledged into the 1850s.  This practice insured against legal action should the marriage not take place, if either party declined to go through with the union, or if one of the parties were found to be ineligible for marriage--if either the bride or groom were already married or was underage and lacked approval to wed.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.\n","The marriage bonds and consents of York County (Va.) described in this collection were created by the County Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849.  York County (Va.) Reel 43, Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849.  York County (Va.) Reel 43, Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county.  This volume also contains original marriage consents.  An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration.  This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom.  An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record.  Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses.  A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830).  Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county.  This volume also contains original marriage consents.  An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration.  This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom.  An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record.  Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses.  A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830).  Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 43. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 43. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:39:54.823Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01538","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01538","_root_":"vi_vi01538","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01538","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01538.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1147016\n"],"text":["1147016\n","York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849","Clergy--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Marriage bonds--Virginia--York County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--York County.","Marriage records--Virginia--York County.","1 vol. (440 p.)  This volume is a negative photostatic copy.","There are no restrictions.\n","York County was originally named Charles River County.  It was formed in 1634 and given its present name in 1643.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The bond was pledged, with two or more sufficient securities (or witnesses), but no money was exchanged.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  The practice of bonding was discontinued in 1849, although in some communities bonds were pledged into the 1850s.  This practice insured against legal action should the marriage not take place, if either party declined to go through with the union, or if one of the parties were found to be ineligible for marriage--if either the bride or groom were already married or was underage and lacked approval to wed.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.\n","The marriage bonds and consents of York County (Va.) described in this collection were created by the County Court.\n","Additional York County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county.  This volume also contains original marriage consents.  An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration.  This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom.  An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record.  Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses.  A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830).  Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \n","Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 43. \n","Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1147016\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, \n1772-1849"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume was collated and restored by the Yorktown Branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) in 1933 from the original records found in the York County Circuit Court Clerk's Office.  The negative photostatic copy of this volume was created by the Virginia State Library's (now Library of Virginia) Archives Division.  The microfilm copy of this volume was generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah--while filming at the York County Circuit Court Clerk's Office in 1954.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Clergy--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Marriage bonds--Virginia--York County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--York County.","Marriage records--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Clergy--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Marriage--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Marriage bonds--Virginia--York County.","Marriage consents--Virginia--York County.","Marriage records--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 vol. (440 p.)  This volume is a negative photostatic copy."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was originally named Charles River County.  It was formed in 1634 and given its present name in 1643.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The bond was pledged, with two or more sufficient securities (or witnesses), but no money was exchanged.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  The practice of bonding was discontinued in 1849, although in some communities bonds were pledged into the 1850s.  This practice insured against legal action should the marriage not take place, if either party declined to go through with the union, or if one of the parties were found to be ineligible for marriage--if either the bride or groom were already married or was underage and lacked approval to wed.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe marriage bonds and consents of York County (Va.) described in this collection were created by the County Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was originally named Charles River County.  It was formed in 1634 and given its present name in 1643.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The bond was pledged, with two or more sufficient securities (or witnesses), but no money was exchanged.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  The practice of bonding was discontinued in 1849, although in some communities bonds were pledged into the 1850s.  This practice insured against legal action should the marriage not take place, if either party declined to go through with the union, or if one of the parties were found to be ineligible for marriage--if either the bride or groom were already married or was underage and lacked approval to wed.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.\n","The marriage bonds and consents of York County (Va.) described in this collection were created by the County Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849.  York County (Va.) Reel 43, Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849.  York County (Va.) Reel 43, Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county.  This volume also contains original marriage consents.  An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration.  This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom.  An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record.  Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses.  A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830).  Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Marriage Bonds and Consents, 1772-1849, records the original bonds of marriage between a bride and groom within the county.  This volume also contains original marriage consents.  An unnumbered typescript index, found at the beginning of the volume, was created during the volume's restoration.  This alpabetical index cross-references the bonds and consents of both the prospective bride and groom.  An asterisk next to a name indicates a consent record.  Alternate spellings of names are listed in parentheses.  A consent and marriage bond between persons of color are found on pages 274 (1842) and 422 (1830).  Pages 434-440 of this volume are not found on the microfilm copy, Reel 43, generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 43. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 43. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:39:54.823Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01538"}},{"id":"vi_vi06419","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06419#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06419#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06419#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06419","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06419","_root_":"vi_vi06419","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06419.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"text":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1803,  housed in box with other court records from York County.","Housed in box with other court records from York County.\n","Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Charles I, and later King James II. The county seat is Yorktown.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most pre–Revolutionary War–era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. County court clerks during the Revolutionary War and Civil War removed the volumes from the courthouse for safekeeping.\n","Military and pension records, 1803, were processed alongside other York County court records by Sam Walters/Library of Virginia staff.","Encoded by M. Long: September 2024.\n","Additional York County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional York County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website."," York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from York County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Military and Pension Records, 1803,\u003c/emph\u003e housed in box with other court records from York County.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoused in box with other court records from York County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1803,  housed in box with other court records from York County.","Housed in box with other court records from York County.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:  \u003c/title\u003eKeeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Charles I, and later King James II. The county seat is Yorktown.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003eMost pre–Revolutionary War–era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. County court clerks during the Revolutionary War and Civil War removed the volumes from the courthouse for safekeeping.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Charles I, and later King James II. The county seat is Yorktown.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most pre–Revolutionary War–era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. County court clerks during the Revolutionary War and Civil War removed the volumes from the courthouse for safekeeping.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary and pension records, 1803, were processed alongside other York County court records by Sam Walters/Library of Virginia staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Long: September 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Military and pension records, 1803, were processed alongside other York County court records by Sam Walters/Library of Virginia staff.","Encoded by M. Long: September 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional York County Court Records may be found in the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional York County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:13:53.649Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06419","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06419","_root_":"vi_vi06419","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06419.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"text":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1803,  housed in box with other court records from York County.","Housed in box with other court records from York County.\n","Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Charles I, and later King James II. The county seat is Yorktown.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most pre–Revolutionary War–era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. County court clerks during the Revolutionary War and Civil War removed the volumes from the courthouse for safekeeping.\n","Military and pension records, 1803, were processed alongside other York County court records by Sam Walters/Library of Virginia staff.","Encoded by M. Long: September 2024.\n","Additional York County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional York County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website."," York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1803"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from York County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Military and Pension Records, 1803,\u003c/emph\u003e housed in box with other court records from York County.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoused in box with other court records from York County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1803,  housed in box with other court records from York County.","Housed in box with other court records from York County.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:  \u003c/title\u003eKeeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Charles I, and later King James II. The county seat is Yorktown.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003eMost pre–Revolutionary War–era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. County court clerks during the Revolutionary War and Civil War removed the volumes from the courthouse for safekeeping.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Charles I, and later King James II. The county seat is Yorktown.\n","Lost Locality Note:   Most pre–Revolutionary War–era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. County court clerks during the Revolutionary War and Civil War removed the volumes from the courthouse for safekeeping.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary and pension records, 1803, were processed alongside other York County court records by Sam Walters/Library of Virginia staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Long: September 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Military and pension records, 1803, were processed alongside other York County court records by Sam Walters/Library of Virginia staff.","Encoded by M. Long: September 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional York County Court Records may be found in the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional York County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" York County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1803, consists of a list of military pensioners living in the locality.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:13:53.649Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06419"}},{"id":"vi_vi04095","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04095#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04095#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers. The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm. It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm. It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04095#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04095","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04095","_root_":"vi_vi04095","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04095","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04095.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["York County (Va.) Reel 61\n"],"text":["York County (Va.) Reel 61\n","York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870","Almshouses--Virginia--York County","Poor--Virginia--York County","Public welfare--Virginia--York County","Local government records--Virginia--York County","Minutes--Virginia--York County","1 v. (48 p.) and 1 microfilm reel","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634.  The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I. \n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\n","The York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers.  The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm.  It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm.  It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased.  \n","The final document in the book is the accounts of the payments of the Sheriff of York County to James N. Toppin for the years 1868-1771.\n","Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 61.\n","Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","York County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["York County (Va.) Reel 61\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This microfilm was generated by the Library of Virginia Imaging Service Branch.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Almshouses--Virginia--York County","Poor--Virginia--York County","Public welfare--Virginia--York County","Local government records--Virginia--York County","Minutes--Virginia--York County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Almshouses--Virginia--York County","Poor--Virginia--York County","Public welfare--Virginia--York County","Local government records--Virginia--York County","Minutes--Virginia--York County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v. (48 p.) and 1 microfilm reel"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634.  The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634.  The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I. \n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book, 1857-1870. Local government records collection, York County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book, 1857-1870. Local government records collection, York County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers.  The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm.  It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm.  It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final document in the book is the accounts of the payments of the Sheriff of York County to James N. Toppin for the years 1868-1771.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers.  The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm.  It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm.  It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased.  \n","The final document in the book is the accounts of the payments of the Sheriff of York County to James N. Toppin for the years 1868-1771.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 61.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 61.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","York County (Va.) 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Overseers of the Poor Minute Book,\n1857-1870","Almshouses--Virginia--York County","Poor--Virginia--York County","Public welfare--Virginia--York County","Local government records--Virginia--York County","Minutes--Virginia--York County","1 v. (48 p.) and 1 microfilm reel","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological.\n","York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634.  The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I. \n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\n","The York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers.  The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm.  It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm.  It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased.  \n","The final document in the book is the accounts of the payments of the Sheriff of York County to James N. Toppin for the years 1868-1771.\n","Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) 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(48 p.) and 1 microfilm reel"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634.  The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. 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The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. They also bound out children whose parents could not support them or who failed to educate or instruct them, as well as orphans to become apprentices. The boys learned a trade and the girls learned domestic skills.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book, 1857-1870. Local government records collection, York County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minute Book, 1857-1870. Local government records collection, York County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers.  The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm.  It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm.  It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final document in the book is the accounts of the payments of the Sheriff of York County to James N. Toppin for the years 1868-1771.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The York County (Va.) Overseers of the Poor Minutes is one volume dated 1857-1870. The minutes give the names of the Overseers and business of the Board of Overseers.  The minutes give the accounts of the monies spent by the Board to purchase goods and services, animals, and other items for the Poor Asylum and the Poor Farm.  It gives the salary of the staff of the Poor Asylum in 1860 and the payments to other people providing services to the Poor Asylum and Poor Farm.  It also list the names of deceased persons for whom a coffin was purchased.  \n","The final document in the book is the accounts of the payments of the Sheriff of York County to James N. Toppin for the years 1868-1771.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 61.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 61.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","York County (Va.) 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Oyster Records, 1893, consist of field records, Angle Books I and II, dealing with surveys of oyster planting grounds. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03897#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03897","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03897","_root_":"vi_vi03897","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03897","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03897.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Oyster Records, \n1893"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Oyster Records, \n1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1034674, 1034677\n"],"text":["1034674, 1034677\n","York County (Va.) Oyster Records, \n1893","Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","2 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. 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A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Oyster Records, 1893. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Oyster Records, 1893. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localites Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e available on Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) 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Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Oyster Records, 1893. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Oyster Records, 1893. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localites Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e available on Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Oyster Records, 1893, consist of field records, Angle Books I and II, dealing with surveys of oyster planting grounds.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Oyster Records, 1893, consist of field records, Angle Books I and II, dealing with surveys of oyster planting grounds.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:08:23.381Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03897"}},{"id":"vi_vi03343","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03343#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03343#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03343#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03343","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03343","_root_":"vi_vi03343","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03343","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03343.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1046332, 1120205, 1120210, 1120213, 1120220, 1120226-1120227, 1120233, 1141502, 1154015-1154016, 1156337-1156338, 1160823 and 0007326998 \n"],"text":["1046332, 1120205, 1120210, 1120213, 1120220, 1120226-1120227, 1120233, 1141502, 1154015-1154016, 1156337-1156338, 1160823 and 0007326998 \n","York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908","Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","11.15 cu. ft. (14 boxes and 1 folder)","There are no restrictions.\n","York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","These records were also created by the County Court, the Superior Court of Law and the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n","York County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills.\n","Record Series: List of Tithables, ca.1790, List of tithables in that part of the City of Williamsburg lying in York county, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1801; Land Tax, 1846; Personal Property Tax, 1790-1794, 1843, 1849; County Clerk Bonds, 1772-74; Ended Causes, 1812, 1784; List of Voters, 1858; Judgment Buison v. Cabarrus, 1785.\n","Record Series: Bonds, Inventories \u0026 Appraisements, Accounts, Processioners Returns, Marriage Consents, Will\n","Record Series: Court Records; Tax Assessment (1857); Also includes records pulled from judgments 1785-1829 including guardians' and trustees' accounts, wills, fiduciary records, tax and fiscal records, overseer of the poor records, marriage records, clerk's records, jury records and school records\n","Record Series: Committee/Curator Bonds(1791-1854), Guardian Bonds/Accts.(1787-1865); Minister Returns (1826), Bonds/Consents(1832-53); Misc. Bonds/Licenses(1784-1858)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers(1760-1829), Wills(1813-1859), Bonds(1812-1837), Declarations(1776, 1782-1786). Box partially processed. Processed records are dated and foldered within this box.\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Commonwealth Causes, Court Suits and Papers, courthouse repair accounts (1789-1790)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Officials' Bonds, County Clerk's Bonds, other bonds\n","contains UNPROCESSED record series:  Court and Suit Papers, Election Records, Bonds to Transport Oysters, Grand Jury Presentments, Officials' Bonds, Processioners' Returns, Reports of School Commissioners and Guardians' Accounts\n","Land Records: Oversized Deeds, 1758-1852; King George County Petition to break entail (Ad Quod Damnum), 1772; King William County Deed, 1733; Oversized Wills, 1777-1824; Court Records: Judgments: 1788, 1798 circa; Deed from Warwick County, 1841.\n","Common Law Papers and Judgments (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.) \n","Record Series: Oyster Bonds, Commonwealth Causes, School commissioner accounts (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.)\n","Records Series:  Court Records, 1780-1880; Marriage Records, 1812-1866; Miscellaneous Records, 1816, 1857; Fiduciary Records, 1784-1859; Public Buildings and Grounds, 1834-1835; Military and Pension Records, 1780, 1822; Wills, 1794, 1816-1818, 1827, 1830-1836, 1843; Overseer of the Poor Records, 1807-1828; Tax and Fiscal Records, 1785-1854; Land Records, 1785-1851; Road and Bridge Records, 1777-1854 and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1777-1835.\n","Board of Supervisors' Records, 1872-1873; Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1799-1889; Court Records, 1788-1889; Election Records, 1846-1889; Fiduciary Records, 1807-1887; Marriage Records, 1823-1849; Land Records, 1799-1840 and Miscellaneous Records (Power of Attorney), 1842\n","Record Series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths: Oaths of Election Officials, 1852-1866; Court Records: Judgments, Attachments, and Peace warrants, 1851; Election Records: Polls,1851-1859; Miscellaneous: Public Buildings and Grounds - Courthouse and Jail, 1823,1842,1853; Road and Bridge Records: Bridge Papers, 1851, 1857\n","Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records (notice of reorganization of York County Court) and Wills.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia  (Box 1046332 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.)\n","York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","York County (Va.) County Court.","York County (Va.) Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1046332, 1120205, 1120210, 1120213, 1120220, 1120226-1120227, 1120233, 1141502, 1154015-1154016, 1156337-1156338, 1160823 and 0007326998 \n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from York County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["11.15 cu. ft. (14 boxes and 1 folder)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire. Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were also created by the County Court, the Superior Court of Law and the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","These records were also created by the County Court, the Superior Court of Law and the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localites Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e available on Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: List of Tithables, ca.1790, List of tithables in that part of the City of Williamsburg lying in York county, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1801; Land Tax, 1846; Personal Property Tax, 1790-1794, 1843, 1849; County Clerk Bonds, 1772-74; Ended Causes, 1812, 1784; List of Voters, 1858; Judgment Buison v. Cabarrus, 1785.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Bonds, Inventories \u0026amp; Appraisements, Accounts, Processioners Returns, Marriage Consents, Will\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Court Records; Tax Assessment (1857); Also includes records pulled from judgments 1785-1829 including guardians' and trustees' accounts, wills, fiduciary records, tax and fiscal records, overseer of the poor records, marriage records, clerk's records, jury records and school records\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Committee/Curator Bonds(1791-1854), Guardian Bonds/Accts.(1787-1865); Minister Returns (1826), Bonds/Consents(1832-53); Misc. Bonds/Licenses(1784-1858)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Common Law Papers(1760-1829), Wills(1813-1859), Bonds(1812-1837), Declarations(1776, 1782-1786). Box partially processed. Processed records are dated and foldered within this box.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Common Law Papers, Commonwealth Causes, Court Suits and Papers, courthouse repair accounts (1789-1790)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Common Law Papers, Officials' Bonds, County Clerk's Bonds, other bonds\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains UNPROCESSED record series:  Court and Suit Papers, Election Records, Bonds to Transport Oysters, Grand Jury Presentments, Officials' Bonds, Processioners' Returns, Reports of School Commissioners and Guardians' Accounts\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLand Records: Oversized Deeds, 1758-1852; King George County Petition to break entail (Ad Quod Damnum), 1772; King William County Deed, 1733; Oversized Wills, 1777-1824; Court Records: Judgments: 1788, 1798 circa; Deed from Warwick County, 1841.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommon Law Papers and Judgments (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.) \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Oyster Bonds, Commonwealth Causes, School commissioner accounts (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Series:  Court Records, 1780-1880; Marriage Records, 1812-1866; Miscellaneous Records, 1816, 1857; Fiduciary Records, 1784-1859; Public Buildings and Grounds, 1834-1835; Military and Pension Records, 1780, 1822; Wills, 1794, 1816-1818, 1827, 1830-1836, 1843; Overseer of the Poor Records, 1807-1828; Tax and Fiscal Records, 1785-1854; Land Records, 1785-1851; Road and Bridge Records, 1777-1854 and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1777-1835.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard of Supervisors' Records, 1872-1873; Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1799-1889; Court Records, 1788-1889; Election Records, 1846-1889; Fiduciary Records, 1807-1887; Marriage Records, 1823-1849; Land Records, 1799-1840 and Miscellaneous Records (Power of Attorney), 1842\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths: Oaths of Election Officials, 1852-1866; Court Records: Judgments, Attachments, and Peace warrants, 1851; Election Records: Polls,1851-1859; Miscellaneous: Public Buildings and Grounds - Courthouse and Jail, 1823,1842,1853; Road and Bridge Records: Bridge Papers, 1851, 1857\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records (notice of reorganization of York County Court) and Wills.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills.\n","Record Series: List of Tithables, ca.1790, List of tithables in that part of the City of Williamsburg lying in York county, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1801; Land Tax, 1846; Personal Property Tax, 1790-1794, 1843, 1849; County Clerk Bonds, 1772-74; Ended Causes, 1812, 1784; List of Voters, 1858; Judgment Buison v. Cabarrus, 1785.\n","Record Series: Bonds, Inventories \u0026 Appraisements, Accounts, Processioners Returns, Marriage Consents, Will\n","Record Series: Court Records; Tax Assessment (1857); Also includes records pulled from judgments 1785-1829 including guardians' and trustees' accounts, wills, fiduciary records, tax and fiscal records, overseer of the poor records, marriage records, clerk's records, jury records and school records\n","Record Series: Committee/Curator Bonds(1791-1854), Guardian Bonds/Accts.(1787-1865); Minister Returns (1826), Bonds/Consents(1832-53); Misc. Bonds/Licenses(1784-1858)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers(1760-1829), Wills(1813-1859), Bonds(1812-1837), Declarations(1776, 1782-1786). Box partially processed. Processed records are dated and foldered within this box.\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Commonwealth Causes, Court Suits and Papers, courthouse repair accounts (1789-1790)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Officials' Bonds, County Clerk's Bonds, other bonds\n","contains UNPROCESSED record series:  Court and Suit Papers, Election Records, Bonds to Transport Oysters, Grand Jury Presentments, Officials' Bonds, Processioners' Returns, Reports of School Commissioners and Guardians' Accounts\n","Land Records: Oversized Deeds, 1758-1852; King George County Petition to break entail (Ad Quod Damnum), 1772; King William County Deed, 1733; Oversized Wills, 1777-1824; Court Records: Judgments: 1788, 1798 circa; Deed from Warwick County, 1841.\n","Common Law Papers and Judgments (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.) \n","Record Series: Oyster Bonds, Commonwealth Causes, School commissioner accounts (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.)\n","Records Series:  Court Records, 1780-1880; Marriage Records, 1812-1866; Miscellaneous Records, 1816, 1857; Fiduciary Records, 1784-1859; Public Buildings and Grounds, 1834-1835; Military and Pension Records, 1780, 1822; Wills, 1794, 1816-1818, 1827, 1830-1836, 1843; Overseer of the Poor Records, 1807-1828; Tax and Fiscal Records, 1785-1854; Land Records, 1785-1851; Road and Bridge Records, 1777-1854 and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1777-1835.\n","Board of Supervisors' Records, 1872-1873; Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1799-1889; Court Records, 1788-1889; Election Records, 1846-1889; Fiduciary Records, 1807-1887; Marriage Records, 1823-1849; Land Records, 1799-1840 and Miscellaneous Records (Power of Attorney), 1842\n","Record Series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths: Oaths of Election Officials, 1852-1866; Court Records: Judgments, Attachments, and Peace warrants, 1851; Election Records: Polls,1851-1859; Miscellaneous: Public Buildings and Grounds - Courthouse and Jail, 1823,1842,1853; Road and Bridge Records: Bridge Papers, 1851, 1857\n","Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records (notice of reorganization of York County Court) and Wills.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia  (Box 1046332 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.)\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia  (Box 1046332 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.)\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","York County (Va.) County Court.","York County (Va.) Superior Court of Law and Chancery."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","York County (Va.) County Court.","York County (Va.) Superior Court of Law and Chancery."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:04:24.320Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03343","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03343","_root_":"vi_vi03343","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03343","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03343.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1046332, 1120205, 1120210, 1120213, 1120220, 1120226-1120227, 1120233, 1141502, 1154015-1154016, 1156337-1156338, 1160823 and 0007326998 \n"],"text":["1046332, 1120205, 1120210, 1120213, 1120220, 1120226-1120227, 1120233, 1141502, 1154015-1154016, 1156337-1156338, 1160823 and 0007326998 \n","York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908","Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","11.15 cu. ft. (14 boxes and 1 folder)","There are no restrictions.\n","York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","These records were also created by the County Court, the Superior Court of Law and the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n","York County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills.\n","Record Series: List of Tithables, ca.1790, List of tithables in that part of the City of Williamsburg lying in York county, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1801; Land Tax, 1846; Personal Property Tax, 1790-1794, 1843, 1849; County Clerk Bonds, 1772-74; Ended Causes, 1812, 1784; List of Voters, 1858; Judgment Buison v. Cabarrus, 1785.\n","Record Series: Bonds, Inventories \u0026 Appraisements, Accounts, Processioners Returns, Marriage Consents, Will\n","Record Series: Court Records; Tax Assessment (1857); Also includes records pulled from judgments 1785-1829 including guardians' and trustees' accounts, wills, fiduciary records, tax and fiscal records, overseer of the poor records, marriage records, clerk's records, jury records and school records\n","Record Series: Committee/Curator Bonds(1791-1854), Guardian Bonds/Accts.(1787-1865); Minister Returns (1826), Bonds/Consents(1832-53); Misc. Bonds/Licenses(1784-1858)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers(1760-1829), Wills(1813-1859), Bonds(1812-1837), Declarations(1776, 1782-1786). Box partially processed. Processed records are dated and foldered within this box.\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Commonwealth Causes, Court Suits and Papers, courthouse repair accounts (1789-1790)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Officials' Bonds, County Clerk's Bonds, other bonds\n","contains UNPROCESSED record series:  Court and Suit Papers, Election Records, Bonds to Transport Oysters, Grand Jury Presentments, Officials' Bonds, Processioners' Returns, Reports of School Commissioners and Guardians' Accounts\n","Land Records: Oversized Deeds, 1758-1852; King George County Petition to break entail (Ad Quod Damnum), 1772; King William County Deed, 1733; Oversized Wills, 1777-1824; Court Records: Judgments: 1788, 1798 circa; Deed from Warwick County, 1841.\n","Common Law Papers and Judgments (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.) \n","Record Series: Oyster Bonds, Commonwealth Causes, School commissioner accounts (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.)\n","Records Series:  Court Records, 1780-1880; Marriage Records, 1812-1866; Miscellaneous Records, 1816, 1857; Fiduciary Records, 1784-1859; Public Buildings and Grounds, 1834-1835; Military and Pension Records, 1780, 1822; Wills, 1794, 1816-1818, 1827, 1830-1836, 1843; Overseer of the Poor Records, 1807-1828; Tax and Fiscal Records, 1785-1854; Land Records, 1785-1851; Road and Bridge Records, 1777-1854 and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1777-1835.\n","Board of Supervisors' Records, 1872-1873; Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1799-1889; Court Records, 1788-1889; Election Records, 1846-1889; Fiduciary Records, 1807-1887; Marriage Records, 1823-1849; Land Records, 1799-1840 and Miscellaneous Records (Power of Attorney), 1842\n","Record Series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths: Oaths of Election Officials, 1852-1866; Court Records: Judgments, Attachments, and Peace warrants, 1851; Election Records: Polls,1851-1859; Miscellaneous: Public Buildings and Grounds - Courthouse and Jail, 1823,1842,1853; Road and Bridge Records: Bridge Papers, 1851, 1857\n","Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records (notice of reorganization of York County Court) and Wills.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia  (Box 1046332 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.)\n","York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","York County (Va.) County Court.","York County (Va.) Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1046332, 1120205, 1120210, 1120213, 1120220, 1120226-1120227, 1120233, 1141502, 1154015-1154016, 1156337-1156338, 1160823 and 0007326998 \n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Records, \n1722-1908"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from York County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["11.15 cu. ft. (14 boxes and 1 folder)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire. Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were also created by the County Court, the Superior Court of Law and the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire. Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing. Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","These records were also created by the County Court, the Superior Court of Law and the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localites Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e available on Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: List of Tithables, ca.1790, List of tithables in that part of the City of Williamsburg lying in York county, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1801; Land Tax, 1846; Personal Property Tax, 1790-1794, 1843, 1849; County Clerk Bonds, 1772-74; Ended Causes, 1812, 1784; List of Voters, 1858; Judgment Buison v. Cabarrus, 1785.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Bonds, Inventories \u0026amp; Appraisements, Accounts, Processioners Returns, Marriage Consents, Will\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Court Records; Tax Assessment (1857); Also includes records pulled from judgments 1785-1829 including guardians' and trustees' accounts, wills, fiduciary records, tax and fiscal records, overseer of the poor records, marriage records, clerk's records, jury records and school records\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Committee/Curator Bonds(1791-1854), Guardian Bonds/Accts.(1787-1865); Minister Returns (1826), Bonds/Consents(1832-53); Misc. Bonds/Licenses(1784-1858)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Common Law Papers(1760-1829), Wills(1813-1859), Bonds(1812-1837), Declarations(1776, 1782-1786). Box partially processed. Processed records are dated and foldered within this box.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Common Law Papers, Commonwealth Causes, Court Suits and Papers, courthouse repair accounts (1789-1790)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Common Law Papers, Officials' Bonds, County Clerk's Bonds, other bonds\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003econtains UNPROCESSED record series:  Court and Suit Papers, Election Records, Bonds to Transport Oysters, Grand Jury Presentments, Officials' Bonds, Processioners' Returns, Reports of School Commissioners and Guardians' Accounts\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLand Records: Oversized Deeds, 1758-1852; King George County Petition to break entail (Ad Quod Damnum), 1772; King William County Deed, 1733; Oversized Wills, 1777-1824; Court Records: Judgments: 1788, 1798 circa; Deed from Warwick County, 1841.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommon Law Papers and Judgments (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.) \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Oyster Bonds, Commonwealth Causes, School commissioner accounts (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Series:  Court Records, 1780-1880; Marriage Records, 1812-1866; Miscellaneous Records, 1816, 1857; Fiduciary Records, 1784-1859; Public Buildings and Grounds, 1834-1835; Military and Pension Records, 1780, 1822; Wills, 1794, 1816-1818, 1827, 1830-1836, 1843; Overseer of the Poor Records, 1807-1828; Tax and Fiscal Records, 1785-1854; Land Records, 1785-1851; Road and Bridge Records, 1777-1854 and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1777-1835.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard of Supervisors' Records, 1872-1873; Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1799-1889; Court Records, 1788-1889; Election Records, 1846-1889; Fiduciary Records, 1807-1887; Marriage Records, 1823-1849; Land Records, 1799-1840 and Miscellaneous Records (Power of Attorney), 1842\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths: Oaths of Election Officials, 1852-1866; Court Records: Judgments, Attachments, and Peace warrants, 1851; Election Records: Polls,1851-1859; Miscellaneous: Public Buildings and Grounds - Courthouse and Jail, 1823,1842,1853; Road and Bridge Records: Bridge Papers, 1851, 1857\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourt Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records (notice of reorganization of York County Court) and Wills.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Records, 1722-1908, consist of the following series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, County Administrative Records (including Board of Supervisors, Overseer of the Poor and Treasurer's Records), Court Records, Election Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Military and Pension Records, Miscellaneous Records, Public Buildings and Grounds, Road and Bridge Records, School Records, Tax and Fiscal Records and Wills.\n","Record Series: List of Tithables, ca.1790, List of tithables in that part of the City of Williamsburg lying in York county, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1801; Land Tax, 1846; Personal Property Tax, 1790-1794, 1843, 1849; County Clerk Bonds, 1772-74; Ended Causes, 1812, 1784; List of Voters, 1858; Judgment Buison v. Cabarrus, 1785.\n","Record Series: Bonds, Inventories \u0026 Appraisements, Accounts, Processioners Returns, Marriage Consents, Will\n","Record Series: Court Records; Tax Assessment (1857); Also includes records pulled from judgments 1785-1829 including guardians' and trustees' accounts, wills, fiduciary records, tax and fiscal records, overseer of the poor records, marriage records, clerk's records, jury records and school records\n","Record Series: Committee/Curator Bonds(1791-1854), Guardian Bonds/Accts.(1787-1865); Minister Returns (1826), Bonds/Consents(1832-53); Misc. Bonds/Licenses(1784-1858)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers(1760-1829), Wills(1813-1859), Bonds(1812-1837), Declarations(1776, 1782-1786). Box partially processed. Processed records are dated and foldered within this box.\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Commonwealth Causes, Court Suits and Papers, courthouse repair accounts (1789-1790)\n","Record Series: Common Law Papers, Officials' Bonds, County Clerk's Bonds, other bonds\n","contains UNPROCESSED record series:  Court and Suit Papers, Election Records, Bonds to Transport Oysters, Grand Jury Presentments, Officials' Bonds, Processioners' Returns, Reports of School Commissioners and Guardians' Accounts\n","Land Records: Oversized Deeds, 1758-1852; King George County Petition to break entail (Ad Quod Damnum), 1772; King William County Deed, 1733; Oversized Wills, 1777-1824; Court Records: Judgments: 1788, 1798 circa; Deed from Warwick County, 1841.\n","Common Law Papers and Judgments (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.) \n","Record Series: Oyster Bonds, Commonwealth Causes, School commissioner accounts (is a partially processed collection from barcode 1120220.)\n","Records Series:  Court Records, 1780-1880; Marriage Records, 1812-1866; Miscellaneous Records, 1816, 1857; Fiduciary Records, 1784-1859; Public Buildings and Grounds, 1834-1835; Military and Pension Records, 1780, 1822; Wills, 1794, 1816-1818, 1827, 1830-1836, 1843; Overseer of the Poor Records, 1807-1828; Tax and Fiscal Records, 1785-1854; Land Records, 1785-1851; Road and Bridge Records, 1777-1854 and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1777-1835.\n","Board of Supervisors' Records, 1872-1873; Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1799-1889; Court Records, 1788-1889; Election Records, 1846-1889; Fiduciary Records, 1807-1887; Marriage Records, 1823-1849; Land Records, 1799-1840 and Miscellaneous Records (Power of Attorney), 1842\n","Record Series: Bonds/Commissions/Oaths: Oaths of Election Officials, 1852-1866; Court Records: Judgments, Attachments, and Peace warrants, 1851; Election Records: Polls,1851-1859; Miscellaneous: Public Buildings and Grounds - Courthouse and Jail, 1823,1842,1853; Road and Bridge Records: Bridge Papers, 1851, 1857\n","Court Records, Fiduciary Records, Land Records, Marriage Records, Miscellaneous Records (notice of reorganization of York County Court) and Wills.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia  (Box 1046332 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.)\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia  (Box 1046332 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.)\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","York County (Va.) County Court.","York County (Va.) Superior Court of Law and Chancery."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.","York County (Va.) County Court.","York County (Va.) Superior Court of Law and Chancery."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:04:24.320Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03343"}},{"id":"vi_vi01366","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01366#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01366#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01366#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01366","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01366","_root_":"vi_vi01366","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01366","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01366.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["York County (Va.) Reel Number 51\n"],"text":["York County (Va.) Reel Number 51\n","York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850","African Americans--Virginia.","African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--York County.","1 microfilm reel","Collection is open to research.\n","York County was established in 1643.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the city clerk.","Additional York County Free Negro and Slave Records can be found in the Local Government Records Collection and on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","The York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law.\n","Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 51. \n","Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["York County (Va.) Reel Number 51\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from York County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia.","African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia.","African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 microfilm reel"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was established in 1643.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the city clerk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was established in 1643.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the city clerk."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Reel 51, Local Government Records Collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Reel 51, Local Government Records Collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Free Negro and Slave Records can be found in the Local Government Records Collection and on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Free Negro and Slave Records can be found in the Local Government Records Collection and on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 51. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 51. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Shelf Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:42:11.810Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01366","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01366","_root_":"vi_vi01366","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01366","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01366.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["York County (Va.) Reel Number 51\n"],"text":["York County (Va.) Reel Number 51\n","York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850","African Americans--Virginia.","African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--York County.","1 microfilm reel","Collection is open to research.\n","York County was established in 1643.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the city clerk.","Additional York County Free Negro and Slave Records can be found in the Local Government Records Collection and on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","The York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law.\n","Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 51. \n","Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.)--Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["York County (Va.) Reel Number 51\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, \n1831-1850"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from York County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia.","African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia.","African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 microfilm reel"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was established in 1643.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the city clerk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was established in 1643.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the city clerk."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Reel 51, Local Government Records Collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Reel 51, Local Government Records Collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Free Negro and Slave Records can be found in the Local Government Records Collection and on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Free Negro and Slave Records can be found in the Local Government Records Collection and on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The York County (Va.) Register of Free Negroes, 1831-1850, lists the age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by the law.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 51. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, York County (Va.) Reel 51. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Shelf Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.)--Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:42:11.810Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01366"}},{"id":"vi_vi04031","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04031#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Public Schools.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04031#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04031#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04031","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04031","_root_":"vi_vi04031","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04031","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04031.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1201613\n"],"text":["1201613\n","York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978","African Americans -- Virginia -- York County.","School libraries -- Virginia -- York County.","School reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- York County.","School records -- Virginia -- York County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634. The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I.\n","Additional York County School Records can be found at the Library of Virginia. Please consult the Library's catalog or with Archives Research Services.\n","York County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.) Public Schools.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1201613\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Public Schools.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Public Schools.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of records from York County Public Schools under the accession number 44416.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia -- York County.","School libraries -- Virginia -- York County.","School reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- York County.","School records -- Virginia -- York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia -- York County.","School libraries -- Virginia -- York County.","School reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- York County.","School records -- Virginia -- York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634. The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634. The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978. Local government records collection, York County Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978. Local government records collection, York County Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County School Records can be found at the Library of Virginia. Please consult the Library's catalog or with Archives Research Services.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County School Records can be found at the Library of Virginia. Please consult the Library's catalog or with Archives Research Services.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Public Schools."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Public Schools."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:36:15.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04031","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04031","_root_":"vi_vi04031","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04031","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04031.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1201613\n"],"text":["1201613\n","York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978","African Americans -- Virginia -- York County.","School libraries -- Virginia -- York County.","School reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- York County.","School records -- Virginia -- York County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634. The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I.\n","Additional York County School Records can be found at the Library of Virginia. Please consult the Library's catalog or with Archives Research Services.\n","York County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","York County (Va.) Public Schools.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1201613\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) School Records, \n1933-1978"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Public Schools.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Public Schools.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of records from York County Public Schools under the accession number 44416.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia -- York County.","School libraries -- Virginia -- York County.","School reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- York County.","School records -- Virginia -- York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia -- York County.","School libraries -- Virginia -- York County.","School reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- York County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- York County.","School records -- Virginia -- York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634. The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County was originally named Charles River County, for Charles I, and was one of the eight shires formed in 1634. The present name was given in 1643, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of Charles I.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978. Local government records collection, York County Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978. Local government records collection, York County Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County School Records can be found at the Library of Virginia. Please consult the Library's catalog or with Archives Research Services.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County School Records can be found at the Library of Virginia. Please consult the Library's catalog or with Archives Research Services.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) School Records, 1933-1978, include term reports, the annual library report for elementary and secondary schools, and preliminary and final annual high school reports. These are for both white and black schools in York County. Principal's reports list the teachers, their salaries, the number of days children attended school, and include statistical reports on the school libraries and PTAs. There are separate reports, required by the State Department of Education, on school libraries, 1933-1939, for both black and white schools. These give details on the training of library staff, the holdings of the library, and what kind of furniture was in the reading rooms. A more detailed list of contents: Principal's or Head Teacher's Term Reports, 1939-1978; Annual Library Reports for Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1933-1939; Annual High School Reports, 1964-1966; and Annual Junior High Reports, 1966-1967.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Public Schools."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Public Schools."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:36:15.439Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04031"}},{"id":"vi_vi03898","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03898#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03898#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.) \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03898#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03898","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03898","_root_":"vi_vi03898","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03898","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03898.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1046330, 1156716 and 1160822\n"],"text":["1046330, 1156716 and 1160822\n","York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877","Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","3 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n","In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants.\n","Early 18th century records were created by the County Court\n","Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n","For a more detailed history of tithables, consult \"Colonial tithables\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.)\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia.  Item 1046330 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.\n","York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1046330, 1156716 and 1160822\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from York County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["3 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly 18th century records were created by the County Court\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n","In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants.\n","Early 18th century records were created by the County Court\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localites Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e available on Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a more detailed history of tithables, consult \"Colonial tithables\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n","For a more detailed history of tithables, consult \"Colonial tithables\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.)\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia.  Item 1046330 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia.  Item 1046330 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:22:54.892Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03898","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03898","_root_":"vi_vi03898","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03898","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03898.xml","title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1046330, 1156716 and 1160822\n"],"text":["1046330, 1156716 and 1160822\n","York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877","Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County.","3 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n","In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants.\n","Early 18th century records were created by the County Court\n","Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n","For a more detailed history of tithables, consult \"Colonial tithables\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.)\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia.  Item 1046330 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.\n","York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1046330, 1156716 and 1160822\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"collection_title_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"collection_ssim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, \n1742-1877"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from York County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--York County.","Local government records--Virginia--York County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["3 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly 18th century records were created by the County Court\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["York County originally was named Charles River County, for King Charles I, and was one of the eight shires, or counties, first enumerated in 1634. A record of 7 January 1634 employs the name York County, and a statute of 1643 officially changed the name to York County, probably in honor of James, duke of York, the second son of King Chares I, and later King James II.\n","Recognized in 1634 as an original shire.  Most pre-Revolutionary War-era loose records are missing.  Volumes that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\n","In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants.\n","Early 18th century records were created by the County Court\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877. Local government records collection, York County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA307\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYork County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/whatwehave/local/lost/\"\u003eLost Records Localites Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e available on Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a more detailed history of tithables, consult \"Colonial tithables\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional York County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","York County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities.  Additional York Court Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia.  Search the  Lost Records Localites Digital Collection   available on Virginia Memory.\n","For a more detailed history of tithables, consult \"Colonial tithables\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eYork County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["York County (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records, 1782-1877, consist of a List of Tithables (1784), Personal Property and Land Tax Lists (1786-1842) and a variety of records including County Claims and Vouchers (1786-1877); Lists of Insolvents and Removals pertaining to the County Levy (1799-1820); additional Lists of Titables (1782-1852); Various Tax Reports (1814-1836) and Vouchers and Accounts related to the County Levy (1818-1824.)\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia.  Item 1046330 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia.  Item 1046330 is found at the State Records Center.  Contact Archives Reference Services for access information, directions and hours.\n"],"names_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["York County (Va.) Circuit Court.","York County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:22:54.892Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03898"}},{"id":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c271","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County (Willis - Z) - Alexandria (A - Bennett),\n                     1962-1964","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c271#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c271","ref_ssm":["vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c271"],"id":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c271","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c06_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c06","vi_vi02003_c06_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c06","vi_vi02003_c06_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries II. Routine, \n\t1957-1966."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries II. Routine, \n\t1957-1966."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries II. Routine, \n\t1957-1966.","York County (Willis - Z) - Alexandria (A - Bennett),\n                     1962-1964","box 376"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County (Willis - Z) - Alexandria (A - Bennett),\n                      1962-1964","title_ssm":["York County (Willis - Z) - Alexandria (A - Bennett),\n                     1962-1964"],"title_tesim":["York County (Willis - Z) - Alexandria (A - Bennett),\n                     1962-1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County (Willis - Z) - Alexandria (A - Bennett),\n                     1962-1964"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1335,"containers_ssim":["box 376"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#270","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02003","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02003.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["26517\n"],"text":["26517\n","Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)","Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t","The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.","This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["26517\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"creator_ssim":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 26517 was transfered by the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 29-30 June 1966.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrivacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Minutes\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Legal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Maps\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Applications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This series is arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1745,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c06_c02_c271"}},{"id":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c174","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York - Court Case, \n\t\t1962\n\t\t.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c174#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c174","ref_ssm":["vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c174"],"id":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c174","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06","parent_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c01_c06","parent_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c01","vi_vi02003_c01_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c01","vi_vi02003_c01_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1957-1966.","Subseries VI. County Transfers, \n\t1958-1966."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1957-1966.","Subseries VI. County Transfers, \n\t1958-1966."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1957-1966.","Subseries VI. County Transfers, \n\t1958-1966.","York - Court Case, \n\t\t1962\n\t\t.","box 53","folder 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"York - Court Case, \n\t\t 1962\n\t\t .","title_ssm":["York - Court Case, \n\t\t1962\n\t\t."],"title_tesim":["York - Court Case, \n\t\t1962\n\t\t."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York - Court Case, \n\t\t1962\n\t\t."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":600,"containers_ssim":["box 53","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#173","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02003","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02003.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["26517\n"],"text":["26517\n","Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)","Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t","The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.","This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["26517\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"creator_ssim":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 26517 was transfered by the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 29-30 June 1966.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrivacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Minutes\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Legal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Maps\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Applications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This series is arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1745,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c01_c06_c174"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":475431},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A1833-1848\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A+++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A1846-1860\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A1966-1973\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) 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