{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47439","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47441","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47543"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47440,"next_page":47441,"prev_page":47439,"total_pages":47543,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":474390,"total_count":475430,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04855_c07_c02_c101","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County, \n\t\t1942-1943.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c07_c02_c101#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c07_c02_c101","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04855_c07_c02_c101"],"id":"vi_vi04855_c07_c02_c101","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855_c07_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c07_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c07","vi_vi04855_c07_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c07","vi_vi04855_c07_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, \n\t\t1941-1944.","Correspondence with localities - Counties, 1941-1944."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, \n\t\t1941-1944.","Correspondence with localities - Counties, 1941-1944."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, \n\t\t1941-1944.","Correspondence with localities - Counties, 1941-1944.","York County, \n\t\t1942-1943.","box 192","folder 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County, \n\t\t 1942-1943 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County, \n\t\t1942-1943."],"title_tesim":["York County, \n\t\t1942-1943."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County, \n\t\t1942-1943."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4204,"containers_ssim":["box 192","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#1/components#100","timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04855","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04855.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22499"],"text":["22499","Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;","Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.","Original folder titles have been retained.\n","This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"unitid_tesim":["22499"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22499 was transferred by the Virginia World War II History Commission on 8/10/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Subject Files, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV. History Files, undated;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XV. Photographs, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI. Posters, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal folder titles have been retained.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original folder titles have been retained.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirculars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePosters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"total_component_count_is":6843,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c07_c02_c101"}},{"id":"vi_vi04855_c09_c01_c78","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County, \n\t\t1942-1944.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c09_c01_c78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c09_c01_c78","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04855_c09_c01_c78"],"id":"vi_vi04855_c09_c01_c78","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855_c09_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c09_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c09","vi_vi04855_c09_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c09","vi_vi04855_c09_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, \n\t\t1942-1944.","Correspondence with localities - Counties, 1942-1944."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, \n\t\t1942-1944.","Correspondence with localities - Counties, 1942-1944."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, \n\t\t1942-1944.","Correspondence with localities - Counties, 1942-1944.","York County, \n\t\t1942-1944.","box 213","folder 32"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County, \n\t\t 1942-1944 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County, \n\t\t1942-1944."],"title_tesim":["York County, \n\t\t1942-1944."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County, \n\t\t1942-1944."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4588,"containers_ssim":["box 213","folder 32"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#0/components#77","timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04855","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04855.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22499"],"text":["22499","Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;","Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.","Original folder titles have been retained.\n","This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"unitid_tesim":["22499"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22499 was transferred by the Virginia World War II History Commission on 8/10/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Subject Files, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV. History Files, undated;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XV. Photographs, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI. Posters, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal folder titles have been retained.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original folder titles have been retained.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirculars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePosters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"total_component_count_is":6843,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c09_c01_c78"}},{"id":"vi_vi04855_c05_c02_c106","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County, \n\t\t1942 Apr.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c05_c02_c106#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c05_c02_c106","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04855_c05_c02_c106"],"id":"vi_vi04855_c05_c02_c106","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855_c05_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c05_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c05","vi_vi04855_c05_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c05","vi_vi04855_c05_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series V. Civilian Protection, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series V. Civilian Protection, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series V. Civilian Protection, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944.","York County, \n\t\t1942 Apr.","box 308","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County, \n\t\t 1942 Apr .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County, \n\t\t1942 Apr."],"title_tesim":["York County, \n\t\t1942 Apr."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County, \n\t\t1942 Apr."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3951,"containers_ssim":["box 308","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1/components#105","timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04855","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04855.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22499"],"text":["22499","Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;","Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.","Original folder titles have been retained.\n","This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"unitid_tesim":["22499"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22499 was transferred by the Virginia World War II History Commission on 8/10/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Subject Files, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV. History Files, undated;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XV. Photographs, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI. Posters, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal folder titles have been retained.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original folder titles have been retained.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirculars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePosters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"total_component_count_is":6843,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c05_c02_c106"}},{"id":"vi_vi00960_c02_c01_c112","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County, 1943-1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00960_c02_c01_c112#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00960_c02_c01_c112","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00960_c02_c01_c112"],"id":"vi_vi00960_c02_c01_c112","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00960","_root_":"vi_vi00960","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00960_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00960_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00960","vi_vi00960_c02","vi_vi00960_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00960","vi_vi00960_c02","vi_vi00960_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)","Subseries A: Counties"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)","Subseries A: Counties"],"text":["Records,\n1927-1950","Series II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)","Subseries A: Counties","York County, 1943-1946","box 79","folder 9"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County, 1943-1946\n","title_ssm":["York County, 1943-1946"],"title_tesim":["York County, 1943-1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County, 1943-1946"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":877,"containers_ssim":["box 79","folder 9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#111","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00960","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00960","_root_":"vi_vi00960","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00960","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00960.xml","title_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"title_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n"],"text":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n","Records,\n1927-1950","49.52 cubic feet","Collection is open to research.\n","Organized into the following series:\n","I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n IV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n V. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n","The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n","In 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n","In addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n","The Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n","The Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n","The creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n","For researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n","The Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n","Oversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n","It is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","The Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n","This subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n"," The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n"," This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n Richmond Battlefield Park\n . Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n"," Correspondence with\n William A. Wright\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n Shenandoah National Park\n  includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n Wright Brothers\n ) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n Rowland Egger\n ) and Conrad (\n P. Tulane Atkinson\n , 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n John Garland Pollard\n , 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n Growth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n  (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n"," Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n","This subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n","The most significant correspondence are between\n William E. Carson\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n","Notable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n","Of note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n","Topics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n","The correspondence of\n Bryan Conrad\n , contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n","Correspondence between\n Douglas Southall Freeman\n  and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n","Wilbur C. Hall\n  was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n","The correspondence of\n M.F. Pleasants\n , Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n Highway Department and Markers\n .\n","Also of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n Mrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n  and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n Virginia World War II History\n ).\n","Additional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n","The Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n","In September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n","Most of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n","This subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n","A few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n","This subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n","The Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n","In October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n","The Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n","This subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n","This series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n","The Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n","Contents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n The Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n , 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n Glen Mary: Past and Present\n  by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n Directory of Surry County, Virginia\n , 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["24806a-c, 25913 and 41571\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"collection_ssim":["Records,\n1927-1950"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History\n"],"creator_ssim":["Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessions 24806a-c transferred from History Division, Virginia State Library on 30 June 1958; Accession 25913 transferred from Historic Publications Division, Virginia State Library on 21 November 1963;\nAccession 41571 transferred to Archives on 29 November 2004.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["49.52 cubic feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eI. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eII. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIII. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eV. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into the following series:\n","I. Correspondence, 1927-1950 (Accession 24806a)\n II. Virginia War History Project, 1942-1946 (Accession 24806b)\n III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project, 1944-1950 (Accession 24806c)\n IV. Records, 1929-1950 (Accession 25913)\n V. Historical Material, 1927-1950 (Accession 41571)\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development was created in 1926 to consolidate and coordinate a number of conservation agencies including the Water Power and Development Commission, the State\nGeological Commission, the State Geological Survey, Office of the State Geologist, Office of the State Forester, and the Division of Parks. Governor Harry F. Byrd appointed his campaign manager William E. Carson\n(1870-1942) as the Commission's first chairman. Between 1926 and 1950 the Commission changed names several times: Virginia State Commission of Conservation and Development (1926-1938), Virginia Conservation\nCommission (1938-1948) and Department of Conservation and Development (1948-1985). Chairman of the Commission included: William E. Carson (1926-1935), Wilbur C. Hall (1935-1939), N. Clarence Smith (1939-1942), and\nWilliam A. Wright (1942-1948). In 1948, the General Assembly, as part of a reorganization of state government abolished the Virginia Conservation Commission and created the Department of Conservation and\nDevelopment. The new agency took over the function of the Conservation Commission, State Port Authority and the State Planning Board. Governor William Tuck named Wright as director of the new Department of\nConservation and Development.\n","In 1927, Carson created the Division of History and Archaeology within the Commission to preserve and develop the historical resources of the state. The new Division was lead by Dr. H.J. Eckenrode, Director;\nColonel Bryan Conrad, Assistant Director; and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. Carson believed that Virginia needed to publicize Virginia's wealth of history and tradition especially to out-of-state travelers. He\ndecided to have markers placed on the states' highways to provide information of historical events that had happened in their vicinity. By the beginning of World War II, the Commission had erected more than 1400\nhistorical markers across Virginia.\n","In addition to the historical marker program, the Division of History assisted in the development of Virginia history in many other ways. It cooperated with the federal government in studying the battlefield of\nYorktown and in the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park. The Division photographed thousands of colonial era houses and other significant structures. The Division sponsored the Federal Writers' Project\nfor Virginia and conducted the WPA's Virginia Historical Inventory.\n","The Commission suspended the historical marker program during World War II because of rationing of metals. In its place, the Commission inaugurated a War records program including a newspaper reference file and\na correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about local war time activities and local war activities and reaction to the war. In addition, the Division began a\nprogram to locate and mark the graves of distinguished Virginians. Finally in 1949, the Division published The Hornbook of Virginia History that included a brief history of Virginia and other historical\ninformation.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927-1950. Accession 24806a-c, 25913 and 41571, State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records, 1927-1950. Accession 24806a-c, 25913 and 41571, State Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eRichmond Battlefield Park\n\u003c/emph\u003e. Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondence with\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eWilliam A. Wright\n\u003c/emph\u003e, chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eShenandoah National Park\n\u003c/emph\u003e includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eWright Brothers\n\u003c/emph\u003e) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eRowland Egger\n\u003c/emph\u003e) and Conrad (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eP. Tulane Atkinson\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eJohn Garland Pollard\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGrowth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n\u003c/emph\u003e (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe most significant correspondence are between\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eWilliam E. Carson\n\u003c/title\u003e, chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eBryan Conrad\n\u003c/title\u003e, contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eDouglas Southall Freeman\n\u003c/title\u003e and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eWilbur C. Hall\n\u003c/title\u003e was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eM.F. Pleasants\n\u003c/title\u003e, Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eHighway Department and Markers\n\u003c/title\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eMrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n\u003c/title\u003e and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eVirginia World War II History\n\u003c/title\u003e).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eGlen Mary: Past and Present\n\u003c/emph\u003e by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDirectory of Surry County, Virginia\n\u003c/emph\u003e, 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History, Records are housed in 108 boxes, 3 oversize boxes, and 1 oversize map case drawer. The collection is arranged into five (5) series. Series\nhave been designated for: I. Correspondence; II. Virginia War History Project; III. Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project; IV. Records; and V. Historical Material. These records include addresses articles,\ncorrespondence, maps, magazines, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards, programs, radio addresses, reports scrapbooks and telegrams. These records document Virginia state\ngovernment's development and promotion of the Commonwealth's history and historical resources.\n","The creation and administration of Virginia's Historical Marker program is well documented in the records (Series I). This series provides a wealth of information on the Division's approach to markers, their\nconstruction, inscription, installation and maintenance. Of note to the Civil War Historian, this series also contains records on the creation of the Richmond Battlefield Park. Included are correspondence, maps,\npamphlets and aerial photographs taken of the battlefield in the 1930s.\n","For researchers interested in the life on the home front during World War II, there are some records of note. The Division of History collected reports on home front conditions. Topics include local opinion and\nreaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions (Series II).\n","The Division of History and Archaeology also attempted to locate graves of distinguished Virginians (Series III) and created a reference file on Virginia History and eventually published The Hornbook of\nVirginia History (Series IV). The Historical Material files is essentially a ready reference collection containing newspaper clippings and historical sketches on historic sites and events. (Series V).\n","Oversize items are filed in 3 boxes and 2 map case drawers. The oversize records consist primarily of maps and newspapers. Oversize items, which were part of the regular sized filing unit, were removed from\ntheir perspective folders. A separation notice listing the item(s) separated and their new location was put in its place. For location and content list of oversize folders, see the listing at the end of the\ncontainer list.\n","It is recommended that the researcher read the series level scope and content notes thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","The Correspondence series is housed in 70 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and Correspondence, Dead File. It is\nunknown why some correspondence were separated from the general correspondence (Subseries A) and grouped with the correspondence, dead file (Subseries B), because there is some overlap between the subseries. The\nseries consists primarily of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History staff members including: Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Director (1927-1949), J.R.V. Daniel, Director (1949-1950), Bryan\nConrad, Assistant Director and M.F. Pleasants, Field Assistant. This series comprises a large and important section of the Division of History records. In this series, researchers have a complete view, from 1927-\n1950, of most of the correspondence sent and received by the Division of History. These correspondence provide insight into the workings of the historical marker program including inscriptions, locations, and\nmanufacturing, instillation and maintenance of markers, and the Division's promotion of history and other activities.\n","This subseries is housed in 55 boxes, one oversize box and two oversize map folders and is arranged alphabetically with subdivisions for general correspondence, additional correspondence and topics. This is the\nlarger of the two subseries and contains a variety of letters from individuals across the county interested in Virginia history and the historical marker program. Topics include historical inquiries, historical\nmarker inscriptions, investigation of the historical marker program by other states, and the Richmond Battlefield Park. Other topics include work of the Division during World War II, Shenandoah National Park,\nbirthplace of the Wright Brothers mother, and biographical information on Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode and Bryan Conrad.\n"," The History Division responded to general historical questions concerning Virginia history from historians, history buffs and students from every part of the country. Virginia's historical marker program was a\nmodel for other states and there are inquiries about the program from individuals from Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, and West\nVirginia. Many of these letters provide detailed information about the marker system (Eckenrode to Douglas Arant, 31 August 1938) and a summary of how to install markers (Pleasants to Arthur Adams, 24 April 1931).\n"," This subseries is a great source of information on the creation of the\n Richmond Battlefield Park\n . Included is a booklet by Eckenrode titled \"History of the Richmond Battlefield Parks\" dated 23 February 1932, aerial photographs of the park taken in the early 1930s by the United States Army Air Corps as\nwell as correspondence, memorandums and reports on the creation of the park. Several maps of the battlefield from the early 1930s are filed under oversized. Additional information on the Richmond Battlefield Park\nis located with the correspondence of William E. Carson, Douglas Southall Freeman and Branch Spalding (Subseries B, Correspondence, Dead File).\n"," Correspondence with\n William A. Wright\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission (1942-1948) include a report on the work of the History Division during World War II (5 August 1947) and two memorandums from Eckenrode describing the\nDivision's plans and work during the war (12 August 1944 and March 1946). Information on the\n Shenandoah National Park\n  includes newspaper clippings, the dedication program of the park (3 July 1936), and three pamphlets: \"Shenandoah National Park Project\" (n.d.), \"A Brief History of the Beginning of the Movement for a\nNational Park in Northern Virginia - Now Known as the Shenandoah National Park\" (ca. 1934), and \"The Shenandoah National Park Travelogue\" (1937). Correspondence between Orville Wright and Wilbur Hall (1932-1933\nfiled under\n Wright Brothers\n ) concern the birthplace of Wright's mother in Virginia. Biographical information on Eckenrode (\n Rowland Egger\n ) and Conrad (\n P. Tulane Atkinson\n , 14 July1945) is also included. Other notable topics include the Bell Tower (\n John Garland Pollard\n , 26 February 1931, 11 October 1932), the State Seal (Pollard, 25 August 1931) and the\n Growth of the Conservation and Development Commission\n  (Box 13, Folder 9) that includes a brief history and newspaper clippings.\n"," Correspondents include William Sumner Appleton, John Stewart Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Arthur Kyle Davis, Sr., E. Griffith Dodson, Dr. J.D. Eggleston, E.O. Flippen, Douglas Southall Freeman, Richard A. Gilliam,\nWilmer L. Hall, Douglas McArthur, John Garland Pollard, Branch Spalding, and William A. Wright.\n","This subseries is housed in 16 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent and subject. This subseries consists of incoming and outgoing correspondence from Division of History\nstaff members. Topics include the historical marker program, historical marker inscriptions, installation, and maintenance, published guide to historical markers, Richmond Battlefield Park, and reports of History\nDivision activities.\n","The most significant correspondence are between\n William E. Carson\n , chairman of the Virginia Conservation Commission from 1926 to 1934, and Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode. These letters provide insight into the development, administration and problems of the historical marker\nprogram. Other topics include the Richmond Battlefield Park. Topics of a personal nature include Carson's fall in 1933 and death in 1942 and Eckenrode's bachelorhood.\n","Notable correspondence concerning the historical marker program include letter to Carson from Eckenrode asking him to sooth Conrad's hurt feelings over mistakes Carson made in marker inscriptions (29 November\n1927); letter to Carson from Eckenrode describing delays in the installation of Lynchburg markers (11 March 1930); correspondence regarding marker orders and delivery problems (23 October 1933, 25 October 1933, 16\nFebruary 1934, 24 March 1934, 18 August 1934, and 20 August 1934); correspondence describing problems with marker maintenance (17 February 1933, 10 March 1933, 11 April 1933, 27 September 1933 and 7 October 1933).\n","Of note within the collection are correspondence describing the development of the Richmond Battlefield Park, especially between 1931 and 1934. Significant correspondence for 1931 include (5 January, 8 July, 9\nJuly, 10 July, 17 July, 21 July, 30 July, 14 August, 18 August, 19 August, 20 August, 4 September, 8 September, 8 December, 11 December, 17 December and 18 December); for 1932 (29 March, 15 April, 21 April, 26\nApril, 28 April, 2 May, 18 May, 10 August, 12 October, 13 October, 19 November, 21 November, and 14 December); for 1933 (22 May, 7 June, 14 July, 20 July, 24 July, 27 July, 4 August, 23 August, 8 September, 11\nSeptember, 15 September, 20 September, 11 October, 23 November, and 25 November); and for 1934 (10-13 January, 17 January, 7 February, 14 February, 15 February, 19 February, 12 March, 15-17 March, 10 April, 14\nMay, 16 May and 14 July).\n","Topics of a personal nature in the correspondence include Carson's fall, injury to his arm, and recovery in 1933 (12 August, 13 August, 16 August, 15 September, 18 October, 20 October, 23 October, 24 October,\nand 27 October) and Carson's poor health shortly before he died in 1942. Throughout their correspondence, Carson teased Eckenrode about being a bachelor and encouraged him to find a wife (10 September 1929, 6\nNovember 1929, 7 November 1929, 27 September 1930, 22 December 1930, and 10 June 1941).\n","The correspondence of\n Bryan Conrad\n , contain both business and personal letters, though most relate to his employment with the Division of History. Almost all of the office correspondence are between Conrad and Eckenrode. Topics include\nConrad's employment status (27 June 1927, 28 March 1929) and field work installing markers including weekly reports (1927-1928). Personal letters between Conrad and his sister, Carter Bryan Conrad of Washington,\nD.C., are also included within Conrad's office correspondence. Topics include Conrad's divorce (19 October 1932), family and politics (8 May 1933, 19 September 1933, 9 January 1934, 6 December 1934). Also included\nare Conrad's personal correspondence, including a letter to Carter Bryan Conrad regarding the Edith Maxwell case and Franklin D. Roosevelt (17 November 1937), and correspondence with his daughter, Georgia Conrad\n(15 March 1935, 20 September 1935 and 18 May 1936 newspaper clipping).\n","Correspondence between\n Douglas Southall Freeman\n  and Eckenrode include Freeman's comments on marker inscriptions. Additional correspondence discuss the Richmond Battlefield Park (20 June 1933, 21 June 1933, 7 July 1933, 10 July 1933, 21 August 1933, 18\nSeptember 1933, 22 September 1933, 23 September 1933, 25 September 1933, 23 November 1933, 15 January 1934, 25 January 1934 and 5 February 1934).\n","Wilbur C. Hall\n  was chairman of the Conservation Commission from 1935 to 1939. Topics included in correspondence between Hall and Eckenrode are the Richmond Battlefield Park (23 February 1935, 6 April 1935 and 11 June\n1935) and the WPA Historical Inventory Project (28 May 1936, 20 August 1937 and 4 December 1937).\n","The correspondence of\n M.F. Pleasants\n , Field Assistant for the Division of History, describe the installation and maintenance of the historical markers. Additional information can be found under the headings\n Highway Department and Markers\n .\n","Also of note is a typed 17 page transcript of the diary of Dr. John Waller Reins describing his ocean voyage from Norfolk, Virginia, to California, between 2 April 1849 and May 1849, filed with the\ncorrespondence of\n Mrs. Harris E. Willlingham\n  and reports of the Division's work during World War II (\n Virginia World War II History\n ).\n","Additional correspondents include E. Griffith Dodson, Elmer O. Flippin, Dr. H.R. McIlwaine, N. Clarence Smith, Branch Spalding, and Dr. E.G. Swem.\n","The Virginia War History Project series is housed in 10 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Counties and Cities. The series consists of\nbooklets, correspondence, lists, newspaper clippings, newsletters, pamphlets, photographs, programs, reports, and rosters.\n","In September 1942 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History and Archaeology, under the direction of Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, began a war records collection program. Unable to continue the\nDivision of History's historical marker program because of wartime rationing, Eckenrode sought to \"record the history of the Old Dominion's war effort while the history is still fresh in the making, rather than\nwait until after the war when the events and details would be more obscured.\" The Conservation Commission began a correspondence program in which a non-salaried correspondent from each locality sent reports about\nlocal war activities and local effects and reaction to the war. The local correspondents also assisted the Virginia World War II History Commission with its' questionnaire, \"Personal War Service Record of\nVirginia's Ward Dead\" completed by the next of kin of Virginia's deceased servicemen.\n","Most of the information in this series contains correspondence reports on local wartime conditions in Virginia from local correspondents mainly during 1943 with a few from 1944 and 1945. Topics include local\nopinion and reaction to war events and news, rosters of local service men and women, activities of local organizations, economic conditions and religious conditions. Unfortunately, the quantity and quality of\nthese reports varied widely. Many only submitted a few reports. However, other localities submitted a substantial number of records. In addition, there are correspondence between the History Division and local\ncorrespondents related to the administration of the \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's War Dead\" questionnaire on behalf of the Virginia World War II History Commission. These records were transferred to\nthe Virginia World War II History Commission and are part of Record Group 68, accession 24805. A few localities submitted casualty lists.\n","This subseries is housed in 9 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by county. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from\nDivision of History staff members. A few also include newspaper clippings about local soldiers and events. The bulk of the reports cover portions of 1943 and some 1944. The quality and frequency of the reports\nvaried widely. Notable county reports include Arlington County (clippings from Washington, D.C. newspapers), Bedford County (reports on D-Day, 6-8 June 1944), Buchanan County, Buckingham County (1942-1943 issues\nof Seabees Buzz), Dinwiddie County (reaction to the war by Camp Lee service men, ca. 1944), Essex County (critical attitude), Fluvanna County, Halifax County, Henry County, Isle of Wight County, Loudoun County,\nNelson County, Patrick County, Prince William County, Stafford County (including \"Story of Stafford Evacuation\" by Elizabeth Russell Powers, describing removal of 650 families for enlargement of Marine Base at\nQuantico in 1942), and Surry County.\n","A few localities (Alleghany County, Franklin County, Giles County, Prince George County, Sussex County and Wise County) also gathered biographical information about soldiers often listing the soldiers name,\nage, physical description, name of parents, residence, education, marital status, and a brief military record. A few records include newspaper clippings and photographs.\n","This subseries is housed in 1 box and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by city. This subseries consists of incoming correspondence and reports from local correspondents and replies from Division\nof History staff members. Very few localities submitted any reports. Most of the correspondence concerns the collection of \"Personal War Service Record of Virginia's Ward Dead\".\n","The Graves of Distinguished Virginians Project series is housed in 5 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Correspondence and County\nFiles. The series consists of correspondence, lists, maps, newspaper clippings, and reports.\n","In October 1944 the Virginia Conservation Commission's Division of History began a \"Graves of Distinguished Virginians\" Project. Funded by a $2000 appropriation of the General Assembly, the project's goals was\nto identify and, if necessary, mark such graves. The bulk of the work on this project was between 1946 and 1948.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and one oversize box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent with some correspondence and topics separated out. The series consists primarily of correspondence\nbetween Division of History staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and interested citizens concerning the graves of distinguished Virginians. Topics include: tombstone\ninscriptions and information on the location of graves.\n","This subseries is housed in 3 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by locality. The series consists of lists of distinguished Virginians buried in each locality and an approximate location of their grave. A few\nlocalities include tombstone inscriptions and newspaper clippings about the project.\n","The Records series is housed in 7 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged into two subseries. Subseries have been designated for Reference Files and The Hornbook of Virginia History. The series\nconsists of correspondence, minutes, newspapers, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, photographs, postcards and scrapbooks.\n","This subseries is housed in 4 boxes and two oversize folders and is arranged alphabetically by subject or correspondent. The series consists primarily of topical reference files. Notable subjects include: Bell\nTower, Covered Bridges in Virginia (including some photographs and WPA Historical Inventory Forms), Division of History and Archaeology (organization and reports), and George Washington. The material on Washington\nincludes several issues of Clip Sheet, published by the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. In addition to the subject files, the subseries also consists of correspondence between Division of\nHistory staff members, Dr. Hamilton J. Eckenrode, Bryan Conrad and J.R.V. Daniel and individuals concerning the Division's work. It is unknown why these correspondence were separated from the main Correspondence\nFile (Series I.). Notable correspondents include: W. Edwin Hemphill and Alexander Weddell.\n","This series is housed in 3 boxes and includes information on the publication of The Hornbook of Virginia History by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Development, Division of History in 1949. Notable\nrecords include: minutes of the 21 March 1947 meeting of the History Advisory Committee, correspondence, comments and revisions to brief Virginia histories written by Everard Kidder Meade and H.J. Eckenrode,\nreviews, scrapbook, and requests for copies.\n","The Historical Material is housed in 17 boxes with oversized material separated and is arranged alphabetically by county followed by a separate section of newspapers and magazines arranged by sections. City\nhistorical material is interfiled with the nearest county. For example City of Richmond material is filed with Henrico County. A 3x5 card files provides a rough topical index to the collection. The series consists\nof historical sketches, maps, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and photographs.\n","Contents include historical data on counties and information on historic sites and places of each interest within each locality. Notable records include two photographs from the Great Dismal Swamp. The first\nphotograph shows gnarled cypress roots in Lake Drummond, near Norfolk (no date); the second, dated 1899, shows the locomobile of John Wallace, Norfolk, the \"first motor vehicle other than by electric power\"\n(Norfolk County, Box 103, Folder 1). Other items of interest include:\n The Spirit of Orange: A Pageant Portraying a Few High Points of Orange County History in Relation to Local, National and International Affairs\n , 3 May 1930, official program for forty-third annual reunion of Confederate Veterans, in Orange, 16-18 September 1930 (Box 103, Folder 4);\n Glen Mary: Past and Present\n  by A.V.S. Milbourne, 1935, photograph of commissioners and historians at Skyland, including W.E. Carson and Harry F. Byrd, (Page County, Box 103, Folder 5); newspaper clippings concerning the case of Odell\nWaller, a Pittsylvania County sharecropper executed for murder on 2 July 1942 (Box 103, Folder 6); photographs of Wanda Hawley, a silent motion picture actress, Helen Wainwright, Olympic swimming and diving\nchampion, and Helen Hentschel, an outboard motor boat racer, at Virginia Beach, Princess Anne County, n.d. (Box 104, Folder 3);and\n Directory of Surry County, Virginia\n , 1932-1933 compiled by Gordon C. Berryman (Box 105, Folder 9).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Collection, Department of Conservation and Economic Development (Record Group 18)\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1299,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:54:27.485Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00960_c02_c01_c112"}},{"id":"vi_vi02003_c06_c01_c91","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County,\n\t\t1963-1965\n\t\t.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c06_c01_c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c06_c01_c91","ref_ssm":["vi_vi02003_c06_c01_c91"],"id":"vi_vi02003_c06_c01_c91","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003_c06_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi02003_c06_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c06","vi_vi02003_c06_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi02003","vi_vi02003_c06","vi_vi02003_c06_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries I. Special, \n\t1959-1966."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries I. Special, \n\t1959-1966."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","Series VI. Applications, \n1959-1966.","Subseries I. Special, \n\t1959-1966.","York County,\n\t\t1963-1965\n\t\t.","box 96","folder 5"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County,\n\t\t 1963-1965\n\t\t .","title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1963-1965\n\t\t."],"title_tesim":["York County,\n\t\t1963-1965\n\t\t."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1963-1965\n\t\t."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1025,"containers_ssim":["box 96","folder 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#90","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02003","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02003","_root_":"vi_vi02003","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02003.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["26517\n"],"text":["26517\n","Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966","263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)","Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). ","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t","The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.","This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["26517\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, \n1957-1966"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"creator_ssim":["Pupil Placement Board\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 26517 was transfered by the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 29-30 June 1966.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["263.7 cu. ft (746 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrivacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). \u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Privacy protected information is considered closed for 75 years after date of record creation. Types of records restricted include but are not limited to: social security numbers and student transcripts. Restricted material has been redacted and/or sealed but has not been removed from the collection. \n","As of September 11, 2019, medical records will be open 125 years after the date of creation or after date closed, whichever is later. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requires that individually identifiable health information of a decedent be protected for 50 years following the date of death of the individual (45 CFR 164.502(f)). "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Personnel Records\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Minutes\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Legal Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries V: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Maps\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Applications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This series is arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I: Correspondence and Subject Files Series II: Personnel Records Series III: Minutes Series IV: Legal Files Series V: Publications Series VI: Maps Series VII: Applications","Arragned alphabetically by folder title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by agency title.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by county name, thereunder chronologically.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Folders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name.\n\t\t","Box 54 contains the work books of an unknown employee, with no dates given, box 55 is arranged alphabetically by the last name of the employee who maintained the work book. The pages within each note book are arranged alphabetically with cities listed before counties.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location, thereunder by students last name.\n\t\t","The cards in this box are arranged alphabetically by location.\n\t\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"," This series is arranged chronologically.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by location. Cities and counties are filled together, counties have been labled as such.  Civil Action case numbers accompany folder titles.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged by case file, as recieved by the agency.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location, with counties appearing in box 82 and cities in box 83.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student last names.\n\t\t","This series is arranged alphabetically by location, cities and counties are combined. This box also contains oversized materials which have been seperated from their parent folders.\n","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by location. The folder for each location is then arranged alphabetically by student's last name, thereunder by first name.  Applications are not chronological, except if there is more than one for a single student.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged first by the school year for which enrollment is requested, thereunder alphabetically by city or county, and thereunder alphabetically by the pupil's last name, then first name, and for students with multiple application arrangement is chronologically.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically by student's last name.\n\t\t","This subseries is arranged alphabetically\n\t\t","This collection is arranged Chronologically.\n\t\t"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The creation of Virginia's Pupil Placement Board was approved by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on September 29, 1956. The Pupil Placement Act was one part of a comprehensive package of legislation passed during the 1956 special session to negate and counteract the effects of the opinion expressed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954). The Brown decision marked the end of legal segregation in public schools by concluding that separate facilities for students of different races are inherently unequal and thus in violation of the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution.  In 1955 the U.S. Supreme Court revisited the Brown decision to provide a timeline for the integration of pubic schools. The court left much room for interpretation by stating that schools should be integrated, \"with all deliberate speed.\"\n","In response to the Brown cases, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd (D-Virginia) coined the term for what would become Virginia's overarching integration policy when he stated, \"If we can organize the Southern States for massive resistance to this order I think that in time the rest of the country will realize that racial integration is not going to be accepted in the South.\" Virginia's \"Massive Resistance\" policy ran counter to the Supreme Court's order for  public schools to integrate \"with all deliberate speed\" by using state law to hopelessly hinder integration and thus thwart the intent of the court.","The Pupil Placement Board, as one arm of the policy of Massive Resistance was charged with assigning, enrolling, or placing students to and in public schools. The Pupil Placement Board consisted of three members appointed by the Governor. Pupil placement was a task formerly under the control of school boards and division superintendents. The board's authorizing legislation required members to take several factors into consideration when placing a pupil in a school. Factors included but were not limited to the health of the pupil, his or her aptitudes, the availability of transportation, and, \"such other relevant matters as may be pertinent to the efficient operation of the schools or indicate a clear and present danger to the public peace and tranquility affecting the safety or welfare of the citizens of such school district.\" Students who were already in school before the board's creation were not obligated to apply for placement. Thus, the board only oversaw the placement of students who sought to move from one school to another or who were applying to attend school for the first time.","In December of 1956, Governor Thomas B. Stanley appointed Hugh V. White, Beverly H. Randolph Jr., and Andrew A. Farley to serve as the Pupil Placement Board. White was employed as Superintendent of Schools for Nansemond County beginning in 1934, he also served as president of the Virginia Principals Association and on the Superintendent Advisory Committee to the State Superintendent of Public Institutions.  Randolph, a Richmond City native and former member of the House of Delegates, who at the time of his placement board membership, was an attorney in Charles City County. Farley was the Vice President and General Manager of the Register Publishing Company in Danville, the company was responsible for the \"Danville Register\" and \"Danville Bee,\" he also served on the State Board of Conservative Development.  From the beginning the placement board was frustrated by legal challenges from federal courts and by local school boards that increasingly tended to ignore the board's decisions. ","All three board members served from the board's creation until they tendered a collective resignation effective in early 1960. Their resignations followed an Act of the General Assembly approved on April 28, 1959 that returned the responsibility of pupil placement to localities. Speaking before the General Assembly On January 28, 1959, Governor James Lindsay Almond, Jr. spoke on behalf of the Pupil Placement Board and defended it against the charge that it served as an impediment to integration. However, Governor Almond concluded that Virginia must, \"repeal...laws that have been finally adjudged to be unconstitutional or have proven ineffective.\" He added that Virginia must, \"prepare for the future by removing from our statutes that which those who oppose our way of life have used as a virus to contaminate the whole.\" He urged the assembly to reconsider laws governing education, including laws governing the transfer of pupils from school to school.","Following the resignation of the board's membership, the Journal of the Senate enrolled House Joint Resolution 91 on March 10, 1960, acknowledging the board's mass resignation, \"as a result of circumstances which would render their task almost impossible of performance.\" In July of 1960 the original members were replaced by Governor Almond with Earnest J. Oglesby, Edward T. Justis, and Alfred L. Wingo. Oglesby at the time of his appointment he was a professor of Mathematics at the University of Virginia. In Albemarle County he served on the Board of Trustees at the Miller school, as well as, the President of the Defenders of State Sovereignty and Individual Liberties (a segregationist organization begun in Petersburg which proposed to become an advocacy group for whites much as the NAACP had done for African Americans).  Justis, a Chesterfield County native worked as a science teacher and director of athletics at Chester High School and principal of Midlothian High School before joining the Department of Education in 1942, where he was eventually named Assistant State Supervisor of Rehabilitation.  Wingo, born in Amelia County; worked as a counselor at Farmville State Teaching College before becoming Conductor of Guidance, Testing, Research and Surveys for the Department of Education in 1944.  Even with the loss of most of its power and the effective end of the \"Massive Resistance\" movement in 1959, the Pupil Placement Board remained in existence for another seven years until it was finally abolished by an act of the General Assembly in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Pupil Placement Board, 1957-1966. Accession 26517, State records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes, but is not limited to, incoming and outgoing correspondence, memorandums, maps, reports, trail transcripts, personnel files, applications, transfer requests, calendars and newspaper clippings.  Correspondents include, but are not limited to, parents, school superintendents, school principals, and school boards.  Topics discussed include:  policies and procedures, desegregation, education laws, student records, demography, and supreme court decisions. Each series is described in more detail within the finding aid.\n","The bulk of this subseries contains routine correspondence of the Pupil Placement Board, such as, memorandums to and from board members, information regarding applications, the student assignment process, and desegregation plans developed by school boards throughout the state. Of particular interest in this subseries are letters written in support and condemnation of segregation.\n\t\t"," This subseries contains announcements from state agencies, the bulk of which are mass mailings.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the city listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","The bulk of this subseries contains correspondence regarding Pupil Placement Board application forms, the majority of which are form memorandums from the board to the county listed on the folder in regard to the number student applications required to serve the area, or issues regarding a specified application.  There is also correspondence concerning; specific students, placement issues within school districts, administrative transfers, and lists containing the names of students whose birth certificates were viewed.\n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are form memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied. This subseries also contains, school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all cities are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\t\t","This subseries contains forms sent by the Pupil Placement Board regarding student transfers, the majority of which are memorandums stating either approved or denied. Denied files may contain a copy of the student's application, the originals of these applications can be found in the Application series, Special subseries (boxes 87-105), applications the board \"did not consider\" are interfiled with those denied.  This series also contains school board transfers, parent letters requesting transfer, and documents relating to lawsuits. Not all Counties are represented and some requests have more documentation than others. The County of King William along with King and Queen contain letters which directly reference \"negro\" and \"indian\" students.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the work books maintained by the office staff, which consist mainly of school names listed alphabetically by location, with cities listed first, followed by counties.\n\t\t","This subseries consists of items related to routine clerical functions of the board's office staff.\n\t\t","This box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer. (Bulk)\n\t\t","The bulk of this box contains note cards which list a location, childs name, date of transfer, and which school the child was transfered to, along with the reason for the transfer.\n\t\t","This box contains cards which are headed by a location name, followed by a list of dates.\n\t\t","This series contains personnel documents such as salary reports and job applications for the members of the board, as well as, the office staff. There are also documents which describe each clerical position, in addition to memorandums related to office matters.\n","This series contains the minutes from the board's meetings; the books contain the official draft of the minutes as the board approved of them, dating from January of 1957 to the boards dissolution in June of 1966.  The Board Meeting files contain drafts of the minutes, the meeting agenda and other documents related to that meetings proceedings.\n","This series contains the legal files of the Pupil Placement Board created by, Adolphus B. Scott, official legal council.  Scott served the board from 1957 until his death in 1964, after Scott's death the board did not hire a replacement attorney, as the board had no authority by that time.\n","This subseries contains; subpoenas, motions, briefs, memorandums, and limited official trial transcripts, all relating to suits filed against the board or school board in which African-American studens have sought placement in a \"White's Only\" school.  Many of the suits contain multiple plaintiffs, often being known by the student whose name came first alphabetically.  Some of the memorandums discuss the rulings made by Judge Walter E. Hoffman, who served the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, in Norfolk.  Judge Hoffman was elected to the Norfolk court by President Eisenhower, and considered it his duty to up hold the precedent set by the national government in regard to desegregation.\n\t\t","This subseries contains correspondence recieved and sent by the office of attorney Adolphus B. Scott.\n\t\t","Within this subseries are official transcripts from public hearings which were held in order to decisivly settle placement protests.\n\t\t","This subseries contains student education records, comprized of various test scores and report cards.  Restricted envelopes contain student test scores and/or grades and are to remain sealed for 75 years from the date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1. \n\nFolders are arranged alphabetically by location, forms within the folders are arranged alphabetically by students last name\n\n\t\t","This series contains maps which have locations of schools and often applicants's homes marked on them, sometimes there is one map per student other times there is one map with all locations.  These maps were, generally, created to illustrate the distance from the school an applicant was currently enrolled and the one they were requesting transfer to.\n","Two subseries. This series contains applications for student placement. It is the largest series in the collection as the placement of students represents the main function of the Pupil Placement Board. The applications were completed by parents or guardians who desired to either place a new student in a Virginia school or move a current student to a different school. Each application is the top page of a triplicate form that includes the name of the student to be placed, the county for which enrollment is requested, the year the student is to be enrolled, the student's address, years of school attendance, sex, birthdate, health status, and any aptitudes. The applications do not address race but some are appended with a particular student's race noted. A section at the bottom of each certificate reserved for the use of the local school board contains space for comments concerning the pupil and the placement recommendation. The board section also contains the signatures of representatives from the state school board, the local school board, the school principal, and a rubber stamp impression of Birchel S. Hilton signature, the executive secretary of the Pupil Placement Board. Hilton served as Superintendent of Shenandoah County Schools and subsequently resigned his position after a very public battle with the county's school board over budget issues and his connections to the Department of Education, months later he joined the Pupil Placement Board.","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board referred to as \"Special,\" these applications belonged to the students whose parents desired their children to receive a desegregated and equal public education and were not willing to wait for the state to voluntarily integrate schools. The special applications often contain a hand written note stating whether the transfer was approved, denied, or not considered.  Depending upon location applications were also accompanied by a copy of an administrative transfer, or there were included lists of all transfers with students name, school where student was previously enrolled and location of current enrollment.  There are also multiple application for the same student, usually from different years indicating the parent continued to petition for a transfer.  A large number of applications contain the phrase \"I do not wish my child to attend a racially segregated school,\" so something similar.\n\t\t","This subseries contains the applications the Pupil Placement Board considered routine, likely they are applications of students who sought placement in a school the board deemed appropriate.  This does not mean that these applications contain no added notations; related records are included with the applications in this subseries and are filed with the applications they accompany.  Examples of such records include correspondence explaining the lack of a birth certificate, letters of introduction, and student test score sheets. The test scores are restricted and sealed but remain in the collection.  Applications for students in the City of Petersburg for school years 1960-1961 and 1961-1962 and the Counties of Brunswick and Chesterfield include tentative placement slips addressed to school principals. The slips serve to notify a school principal of a student's preliminary placement in their school until a birth certificate could be obtained or a complete application could be submitted and approved by the Pupil Placement Board. Applications for students coming from outside Virginia or requesting enrollment for the first time were originally submitted with birth certificates. Though the birth certificates are no longer in the collection, some applications feature certificate numbers written in the margin. Many of the Norfolk City applications from 1962-1964 include an attached form which contains the birth certificate information of the student, as well as, both parents full name and place of birth.  A parent/guardian had to sign the form in addition to the school's principal to verify the information given as accurate."," Fewer applications still were signed along with the phrase \"Under Protest\" accompanying the parent/guardians signature, but since these were filed as routine these parents likely objected to the existence of the board, not the placement of their child.  There are also multiple applications for some students, usually the only difference is the school listed on the form, others are identical, but often there are discrepancies from application to application, such as, a student's name having two spellings (ex. Laurie, Lori or Stephen, Steven, Y and I are also used interchangeably Lynda, Linda, or IE for Y Sally, Sallie, last names also contain these mistakes but are not as easily caught since the forms are alphabetized), a birth date can also differ by month or year. This subseries contains applications dating from the 1960-1961 school year to the 1965-1966 school year.  For unknown reasons there are some counties missing, as well as the bulk of applications for the 1960-1961 school year. It may be that some of the applications submitted for students seeking enrollment during the 1960-1961 school year were deferred until the 1961-1962 school year.","A minimal number of applications have been restricted, a redacted copy of the application has been filed along with an envelope containing the sealed orginial. Applications have been sealed as personal information under code of Virginia 18.2-186.3, education records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.4(2) or 2.2-3705.1 (4) and Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), as well as social services records under Code of Virginia 2.2-3705.5 and 63.2(102-104).\n\t\t","This subseries contains Richmond City Public School registrations forms, the forms contains students name, address, a vaccinations record, parents names and occupations, as well as, current and prior schools. These education records have been restricted and are to remain sealed for 75 years from their date of creation in accordance with the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and Codes of Virginia 2.2-3705.4 and 2.2-3705.1\n\t\t","This subseries consists of published materials collected by the board, such as, briefs, directories, magazine articles and public school laws.\n\t\t","This subseries contains newspaper clippings which were collected by the board from papers throughout Virginia, with a large percentage of materials being taken from the Richmond Times Dispatch, Richmond News Leader, and the Freelance Star. Most articles are labled as to which newspaper and on what date the article was published. The clippings are grouped by date not publication, the majority of articles make some reference to the Pupil Placement Board, with the relevant information often being underlined. Other common topics include virginia schools, desgregation, protests, federal court rulings, Dr. Martin Luther king, Freedom Riders, Little Rock, and the NAACP. "," The bulk of the clippings from 1958 are in regard to desegregation in Little Rock, or the struggles of Arlington and Norfolk. Many articles also refer to the DeFebio case, in which a white mother refused to sign the placement applications for her two sons resulting in the children being denied admitance to public school, the case eventually reached the United States Court of Appeals (brief 4753 can be found in box ? folder 5).  Articles from March of 1960 followed the resignation of the original Pupil Placement Board, and the resulting appointments of new members in July. 1966 contains articles relating to increased integration throughout the state, not only schools but in the work place as well as, the actions of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) are also covered.\n\t\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1745,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:03:44.020Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02003_c06_c01_c91"}},{"id":"vi_vi04711_c125","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County, \n\t1965-1970","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04711_c125#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04711_c125","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04711_c125"],"id":"vi_vi04711_c125","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04711","_root_":"vi_vi04711","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04711","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04711","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04711"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04711"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"text":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971","York County, \n\t1965-1970","box 17","folder 7"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County, \n\t 1965-1970","title_ssm":["York County, \n\t1965-1970"],"title_tesim":["York County, \n\t1965-1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County, \n\t1965-1970"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":125,"containers_ssim":["box 17","folder 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#124","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:04:53.616Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04711","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04711","_root_":"vi_vi04711","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04711","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04711.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"title_tesim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["29479\n"],"text":["29479\n","Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged alphabetically by city/county.","Records, 1965-1971, including clippings, correspondence, forms, maps, and reports between Virginia public school boards and superintendents and the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, regarding efforts to desegregate Virginia schools. The records are housed in 18 boxes and arranged alphabetically by city or county name. The Library only has files for Fairfax-York Cities/Counties but nothing for cities/counties A-E.","After the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision which ruled \"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,\" state officials in Virginia continued to evade school desegregation and maintained a policy aimed at minimizing desegregation. State officials passed legislation making the school desegregation process more difficult through a policy known as Massive Resistance. It wasn't until 1959 when the federal courts overturned many of Virginia's antidesegregation laws that the process of desegregation began, although it proceeded very slowly and as late as 1965 few black students in Virginia went to desegregated schools.","At first Virginia adopted \"Freedom of Choice\" plans which did nothing to ensure school integration as it did not \"ensure racial balance in schools.\" It wasn't until the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare began to use portions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to threaten localities with the loss of federal funding if they did not integrate their schools, that progress was made. Additionally a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions increased the pace of school desegregation even more. In 1968 the Charles C. Green et. al. v. County School Board of New Kent County, Virginia, decision ended the \"Freedome of Choice\" plan and used other factors, such as the ratio of black to white students and faculty, to determine whether a desegregation plan was acceptable. Further Supreme Court decisions and pressure from the federal government helped to achieve the goal of school desegregation by the mid 1970s. ","The desegregation files, 1965-1971, can be used to track the process of desegregation as city and county school boards had to show their progress through numerous forms and plans submitted to the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Local school boards had to submit forms (Summary of enrollment and staff; and Estimated enrollment and staff) and desegregation plans to show their compliance with School Desegregation Plans Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The forms contain the name of the school, county, total number of students, total number by race (White, American Indian, Black, Other), total number of Full time and part time teachers (also categorized by race) and Office staff. These numbers were used to show the ratio of black to white students and faculty to help determine if a school board had an acceptable ratio at each school. The plans included maps outlining school locations, changes to schools, and notices put in local newspapers showing the local adoption of school desegregation plans. The plans listed the steps being taken to desegregate the schools, such as changing a former white high school to now serve all high school students and to reassign faculty across the schools without any regard to race. ","Included are school board resolutions and signed Assurances (or Statements) of Compliance with Policies for School Desegregation Plans, copies of court cases, notices sent to parents, and copies of hearings before the Commissioner of Education, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Also included is correspondence from the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare about the schools plans, stating whether or not the school boards have adequately met the purpose of the Civil Rights Act and whether they would receive federal funding or not.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["29479\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, \n1965-1971"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred by the Division of Finance, Richmond, Va., 25 April 1977.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["9 cu. ft. (18 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["9 cu. ft. (18 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by city/county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged alphabetically by city/county."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, 1965-1971. Accession 29479. State government records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education. School Division. Desegregation files, 1965-1971. Accession 29479. State government records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 1965-1971, including clippings, correspondence, forms, maps, and reports between Virginia public school boards and superintendents and the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, regarding efforts to desegregate Virginia schools. The records are housed in 18 boxes and arranged alphabetically by city or county name. The Library only has files for Fairfax-York Cities/Counties but nothing for cities/counties A-E.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision which ruled \"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,\" state officials in Virginia continued to evade school desegregation and maintained a policy aimed at minimizing desegregation. State officials passed legislation making the school desegregation process more difficult through a policy known as Massive Resistance. It wasn't until 1959 when the federal courts overturned many of Virginia's antidesegregation laws that the process of desegregation began, although it proceeded very slowly and as late as 1965 few black students in Virginia went to desegregated schools.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt first Virginia adopted \"Freedom of Choice\" plans which did nothing to ensure school integration as it did not \"ensure racial balance in schools.\" It wasn't until the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare began to use portions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to threaten localities with the loss of federal funding if they did not integrate their schools, that progress was made. Additionally a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions increased the pace of school desegregation even more. In 1968 the Charles C. Green et. al. v. County School Board of New Kent County, Virginia, decision ended the \"Freedome of Choice\" plan and used other factors, such as the ratio of black to white students and faculty, to determine whether a desegregation plan was acceptable. Further Supreme Court decisions and pressure from the federal government helped to achieve the goal of school desegregation by the mid 1970s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe desegregation files, 1965-1971, can be used to track the process of desegregation as city and county school boards had to show their progress through numerous forms and plans submitted to the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Local school boards had to submit forms (Summary of enrollment and staff; and Estimated enrollment and staff) and desegregation plans to show their compliance with School Desegregation Plans Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The forms contain the name of the school, county, total number of students, total number by race (White, American Indian, Black, Other), total number of Full time and part time teachers (also categorized by race) and Office staff. These numbers were used to show the ratio of black to white students and faculty to help determine if a school board had an acceptable ratio at each school. The plans included maps outlining school locations, changes to schools, and notices put in local newspapers showing the local adoption of school desegregation plans. The plans listed the steps being taken to desegregate the schools, such as changing a former white high school to now serve all high school students and to reassign faculty across the schools without any regard to race. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are school board resolutions and signed Assurances (or Statements) of Compliance with Policies for School Desegregation Plans, copies of court cases, notices sent to parents, and copies of hearings before the Commissioner of Education, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Also included is correspondence from the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare about the schools plans, stating whether or not the school boards have adequately met the purpose of the Civil Rights Act and whether they would receive federal funding or not.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 1965-1971, including clippings, correspondence, forms, maps, and reports between Virginia public school boards and superintendents and the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, regarding efforts to desegregate Virginia schools. The records are housed in 18 boxes and arranged alphabetically by city or county name. The Library only has files for Fairfax-York Cities/Counties but nothing for cities/counties A-E.","After the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision which ruled \"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,\" state officials in Virginia continued to evade school desegregation and maintained a policy aimed at minimizing desegregation. State officials passed legislation making the school desegregation process more difficult through a policy known as Massive Resistance. It wasn't until 1959 when the federal courts overturned many of Virginia's antidesegregation laws that the process of desegregation began, although it proceeded very slowly and as late as 1965 few black students in Virginia went to desegregated schools.","At first Virginia adopted \"Freedom of Choice\" plans which did nothing to ensure school integration as it did not \"ensure racial balance in schools.\" It wasn't until the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare began to use portions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to threaten localities with the loss of federal funding if they did not integrate their schools, that progress was made. Additionally a series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions increased the pace of school desegregation even more. In 1968 the Charles C. Green et. al. v. County School Board of New Kent County, Virginia, decision ended the \"Freedome of Choice\" plan and used other factors, such as the ratio of black to white students and faculty, to determine whether a desegregation plan was acceptable. Further Supreme Court decisions and pressure from the federal government helped to achieve the goal of school desegregation by the mid 1970s. ","The desegregation files, 1965-1971, can be used to track the process of desegregation as city and county school boards had to show their progress through numerous forms and plans submitted to the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Local school boards had to submit forms (Summary of enrollment and staff; and Estimated enrollment and staff) and desegregation plans to show their compliance with School Desegregation Plans Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The forms contain the name of the school, county, total number of students, total number by race (White, American Indian, Black, Other), total number of Full time and part time teachers (also categorized by race) and Office staff. These numbers were used to show the ratio of black to white students and faculty to help determine if a school board had an acceptable ratio at each school. The plans included maps outlining school locations, changes to schools, and notices put in local newspapers showing the local adoption of school desegregation plans. The plans listed the steps being taken to desegregate the schools, such as changing a former white high school to now serve all high school students and to reassign faculty across the schools without any regard to race. ","Included are school board resolutions and signed Assurances (or Statements) of Compliance with Policies for School Desegregation Plans, copies of court cases, notices sent to parents, and copies of hearings before the Commissioner of Education, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. Also included is correspondence from the U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare about the schools plans, stating whether or not the school boards have adequately met the purpose of the Civil Rights Act and whether they would receive federal funding or not."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":133,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:04:53.616Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04711_c125"}},{"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c07_c127","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County,\n\t\t1977-1978.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c07_c127#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c07_c127","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04337_c01_c07_c127"],"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c07_c127","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337_c01_c07","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c07","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c07"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c07"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. W. E. Campbell),\n\t1977-1978."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. W. E. Campbell),\n\t1977-1978."],"text":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. W. E. Campbell),\n\t1977-1978.","York County,\n\t\t1977-1978.","box 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County,\n\t\t 1977-1978 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1977-1978."],"title_tesim":["York County,\n\t\t1977-1978."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1977-1978."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":485,"containers_ssim":["box 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#6/components#126","timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04337","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04337.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"text":["39607, 51086, 51198","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat.","273 cu. ft.","Unprocessed.","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.","Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"unitid_tesim":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 39607 was transferred by Parker, Michelle - Dept. of Education, 101 14th Street, Richmond, Va. 23219, 05/28/02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["273 cu. ft."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoutheastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"total_component_count_is":7038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c07_c127"}},{"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c08_c181","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County,\n\t\t1978-1979.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c08_c181#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c08_c181","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04337_c01_c08_c181"],"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c08_c181","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337_c01_c08","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c08","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. W. E. Campbell),\n\t1978-1979."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. W. E. Campbell),\n\t1978-1979."],"text":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. W. E. Campbell),\n\t1978-1979.","York County,\n\t\t1978-1979.","box 6a"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County,\n\t\t 1978-1979 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1978-1979."],"title_tesim":["York County,\n\t\t1978-1979."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1978-1979."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":679,"containers_ssim":["box 6a"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#7/components#180","timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04337","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04337.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"text":["39607, 51086, 51198","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat.","273 cu. ft.","Unprocessed.","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.","Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"unitid_tesim":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 39607 was transferred by Parker, Michelle - Dept. of Education, 101 14th Street, Richmond, Va. 23219, 05/28/02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["273 cu. ft."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoutheastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"total_component_count_is":7038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c08_c181"}},{"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c09_c241","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County,\n\t\t1979-1980.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c09_c241#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c09_c241","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04337_c01_c09_c241"],"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c09_c241","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337_c01_c09","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c09","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c09"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c09"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. S. John Davis),\n\t1979-1980."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. S. John Davis),\n\t1979-1980."],"text":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. S. John Davis),\n\t1979-1980.","York County,\n\t\t1979-1980.","box 10b"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County,\n\t\t 1979-1980 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1979-1980."],"title_tesim":["York County,\n\t\t1979-1980."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1979-1980."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":995,"containers_ssim":["box 10b"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8/components#240","timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04337","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04337.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"text":["39607, 51086, 51198","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat.","273 cu. ft.","Unprocessed.","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.","Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"unitid_tesim":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 39607 was transferred by Parker, Michelle - Dept. of Education, 101 14th Street, Richmond, Va. 23219, 05/28/02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["273 cu. ft."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoutheastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"total_component_count_is":7038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c09_c241"}},{"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c10_c228","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"York County,\n\t\t1981-1982.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c10_c228#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c10_c228","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04337_c01_c10_c228"],"id":"vi_vi04337_c01_c10_c228","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337_c01_c10","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04337_c01_c10","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c10"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04337","vi_vi04337_c01","vi_vi04337_c01_c10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. S. John Davis),\n\t1981-1982."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. S. John Davis),\n\t1981-1982."],"text":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction (Accession 39607), \n1974-2006.","Correspondence and subject files (Dr. S. John Davis),\n\t1981-1982.","York County,\n\t\t1981-1982.","box 15a"],"title_filing_ssi":"York County,\n\t\t 1981-1982 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1981-1982."],"title_tesim":["York County,\n\t\t1981-1982."],"normalized_title_ssm":["York County,\n\t\t1981-1982."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1356,"containers_ssim":["box 15a"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9/components#227","timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04337","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04337","_root_":"vi_vi04337","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04337","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04337.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1974-2006."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1974-2006."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"text":["39607, 51086, 51198","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,","Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat.","273 cu. ft.","Unprocessed.","Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.","Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"unitid_tesim":["39607, 51086, 51198"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Dept. of Education."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 39607 was transferred by Parker, Michelle - Dept. of Education, 101 14th Street, Richmond, Va. 23219, 05/28/02"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education -- Virginia.","Public schools -- Virginia.","School superintendents -- Virginia.","Letters (correspondence) -- aat.","State government records -- Virginia. -- aat."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["273 cu. ft."],"date_range_isim":[1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_tesim":["Unprocessed."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, [cite specific dates and accessioned used]. State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSoutheastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and subject files of the Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1974-2006, are housed in XX boxes and are arranged in original order.   Records related to all aspects of public school education in Virginia. General correspondence includes correspondence with school divisions, associations, councils, commissions, committees, organizations, state government and federal government.  Also includes Central Office files and correspondence with Dept. of Education departments and divisions, and other staff.  May contain articles, correspondence, conference materials, meeting records, publications, newletters, speeches, and reports.","Board and Council records may include agendas, correspondence, minutes and reports.","Includes records for the following Superintendents of Public Instruction: Dr. W.E. Campbell, Dr. S. John Davis.","Southeastern Regional Council for Educational Improvement records, 1982-1986, inlcude minutes of the Board of Directors, Executive Committee and Steering Committee.  Also includes agendas, correspondence, publications and reports."],"names_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia. -- Dept. of Education."],"total_component_count_is":7038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-08T17:15:19.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04337_c01_c10_c228"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":475430},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","value":"124th Virginia Militia Infantry Regiment Records,\n1833-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=124th+Virginia+Militia+Infantry+Regiment+Records%2C%0A1833-1848\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","value":"2300 Club, Records, \n         \n         1965-2000","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=2300+Club%2C+Records%2C+%0A+++++++++%0A+++++++++1965-2000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","value":"A Guide to Correspondence, vouchers, pay and muster rolls - Mexican War Volunteers, \n1846-1860","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Correspondence%2C+vouchers%2C+pay+and+muster+rolls+-+Mexican+War+Volunteers%2C+%0A1846-1860\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","value":"A Guide to Minutes and Records - Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, \n1966-1973","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Minutes+and+Records+-+Virginia+Historic+Landmarks+Commission%2C+%0A1966-1973\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) Register of Colored Persons cohabiting together as Husband and Wife,\n27th February 1866","value":"A Guide to Prince Edward County (Va.) Register of Colored Persons cohabiting together as Husband and Wife,\n27th February 1866","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Prince+Edward+County+%28Va.%29+Register+of+Colored+Persons+cohabiting+together+as+Husband+and+Wife%2C%0A27th+February+1866\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Blacksmith Account Book,\n1879-1885","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Blacksmith Account Book,\n1879-1885","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Blacksmith+Account+Book%2C%0A1879-1885\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Confederate Soldier Letters,\n1863","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Confederate Soldier Letters,\n1863","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Confederate+Soldier+Letters%2C%0A1863\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Account Book,\n1884-1886","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Account Book,\n1884-1886","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+General+Store+Account+Book%2C%0A1884-1886\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Ledger B,\n1882-1884","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified General Store Ledger B,\n1882-1884","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+General+Store+Ledger+B%2C%0A1882-1884\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Livery Ledger,\n1876-1878","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Livery Ledger,\n1876-1878","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Livery+Ledger%2C%0A1876-1878\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to an Unidentified Merchant Daybook,\n1806-1807","value":"A Guide to an Unidentified Merchant Daybook,\n1806-1807","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+an+Unidentified+Merchant+Daybook%2C%0A1806-1807\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1000","value":"1000","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1000\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1775","value":"1775","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1775\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1776","value":"1776","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1776\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1777","value":"1777","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1777\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1778","value":"1778","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1778\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1779","value":"1779","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1779\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1780","value":"1780","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1780\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1781","value":"1781","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1781\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1782","value":"1782","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1782\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1783","value":"1783","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1783\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1784","value":"1784","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1784\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"","value":"","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\nEssex County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","value":"\nEssex County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=%0AEssex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\nVirginia General Assembly Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission \n","value":"\nVirginia General Assembly Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission \n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=%0AVirginia+General+Assembly+Joint+Legislative+Audit+and+Review+Commission+%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"  Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court; Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court I; Court of Law and Equity II\n","value":"  Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court; Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court I; Court of Law and Equity II\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=++Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%3B+Richmond+%28Va.%29+Hustings+Court+I%3B+Court+of+Law+and+Equity+II%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Alleghany County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Alleghany County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Alleghany+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Amelia County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Amelia County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Amelia+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Lynchburg (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Lynchburg (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Lynchburg+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Patrick County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","value":" Patrick County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Patrick+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" State Corporation Commission\n","value":" State Corporation Commission\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+State+Corporation+Commission%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Virginia Office of the Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry\n","value":" Virginia Office of the Secretary of Agriculture and Forestry\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Virginia+Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Agriculture+and+Forestry%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Virginia. Dept. of Military Affairs. \n","value":" Virginia. Dept. of Military Affairs. \n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=+Virginia.+Dept.+of+Military+Affairs.+%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  G[eorge] W[ashington] C[ustis] Lee","value":"\n                  G[eorge] W[ashington] C[ustis] Lee","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++G%5Beorge%5D+W%5Bashington%5D+C%5Bustis%5D+Lee\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  H[umphreys]","value":"\n                  H[umphreys]","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++H%5Bumphreys%5D\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  Mrs. J. W. Johnston","value":"\n                  Mrs. J. W. Johnston","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++Mrs.+J.+W.+Johnston\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n                  [P]. G. T. Beauregard","value":"\n                  [P]. G. T. Beauregard","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++%5BP%5D.+G.+T.+Beauregard\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Baker","value":"\n               Baker","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Baker\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Ewell","value":"\n               Ewell","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Ewell\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Jemison","value":"\n               Jemison","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Jemison\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Kemper","value":"\n               Kemper","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Kemper\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Moore","value":"\n               Moore","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Moore\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Patrick","value":"\n               Patrick","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Patrick\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n               Richardson","value":"\n               Richardson","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++Richardson\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--19th century.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--19th century.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--19th+century.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--Civil+War%2C+1861-1865.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Revolution, 1775-1783.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--Revolution, 1775-1783.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--Revolution%2C+1775-1783.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--War of 1812.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--War of 1812.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--War+of+1812.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--World War, 1914-1918.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History--World War, 1914-1918.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History--World+War%2C+1914-1918.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History.\n","value":"Albemarle County (Va.)--History.\n","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Albemarle+County+%28Va.%29--History.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Amherst County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","value":"Amherst County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Amherst+County+%28Va.%29--History--18th+century.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Amherst County (Va.)--History.\n","value":"Amherst County (Va.)--History.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Amherst+County+%28Va.%29--History.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","value":"Arkansas. -- Politics and government -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Arkansas.+--+Politics+and+government+--+19th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","value":"Augusta County (Va.)--History--18th century.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29--History--18th+century.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.)--History.\n","value":"Augusta County (Va.)--History.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29--History.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"  Household supplies -- Virginia -- Arlington County. ","value":"  Household supplies -- Virginia -- Arlington County. ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=++Household+supplies+--+Virginia+--+Arlington+County.+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","value":" Barter -- Virginia -- Bland County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Barter+--+Virginia+--+Bland+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Barter -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","value":" Barter -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Barter+--+Virginia+--+Powhatan+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Daybooks -- Virginia -- Arlington County.","value":" Daybooks -- Virginia -- Arlington County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Daybooks+--+Virginia+--+Arlington+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","value":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Bland County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Dry-goods+--+Virginia+--+Bland+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","value":" Dry-goods -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Dry-goods+--+Virginia+--+Powhatan+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Machinists -- Virginia -- Fredericksburg. ","value":" Machinists -- Virginia -- Fredericksburg. ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Machinists+--+Virginia+--+Fredericksburg.+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":" Slaves -- Virginia -- Albemarle County ","value":" Slaves -- Virginia -- Albemarle County ","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Slaves+--+Virginia+--+Albemarle+County+\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abandonment (maritime law)--Washington (D.C.)--Alexandria County.","value":"Abandonment (maritime law)--Washington (D.C.)--Alexandria County.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Abandonment+%28maritime+law%29--Washington+%28D.C.%29--Alexandria+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abortion--Virginia--Tazewell County.\n","value":"Abortion--Virginia--Tazewell County.\n","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Abortion--Virginia--Tazewell+County.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Absentee voting--Virginia--Henry County.","value":"Absentee voting--Virginia--Henry County.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Absentee+voting--Virginia--Henry+County.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":5404},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":409728},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fonds","value":"Fonds","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Fonds\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":39259},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record group","value":"Record group","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+group\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":6652},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subgroup","value":"Subgroup","hits":21},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subgroup\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":11348},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":639},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=47440\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}