{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=47538","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=47537","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=47539","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026facet.page=2\u0026page=47544"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47538,"next_page":47539,"prev_page":47537,"total_pages":47544,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":475370,"total_count":475431,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03310_c01_c01_c252","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Zirkle Mill, Forestville, (Shenandoah County, Virginia), \n\t\t2004-2005\n\t\t.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03310_c01_c01_c252#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi03310_c01_c01_c252","ref_ssm":["vi_vi03310_c01_c01_c252"],"id":"vi_vi03310_c01_c01_c252","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03310","_root_":"vi_vi03310","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03310_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi03310_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi03310","vi_vi03310_c01","vi_vi03310_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi03310","vi_vi03310_c01","vi_vi03310_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007","Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1966-2007.","1966-2007; Bulk 1990-1999 (Accession 50423)."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007","Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1966-2007.","1966-2007; Bulk 1990-1999 (Accession 50423)."],"text":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007","Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1966-2007.","1966-2007; Bulk 1990-1999 (Accession 50423).","Zirkle Mill, Forestville, (Shenandoah County, Virginia), \n\t\t2004-2005\n\t\t.","box 39","folder 6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Zirkle Mill, Forestville, (Shenandoah County, Virginia), \n\t\t 2004-2005\n\t\t .","title_ssm":["Zirkle Mill, Forestville, (Shenandoah County, Virginia), \n\t\t2004-2005\n\t\t."],"title_tesim":["Zirkle Mill, Forestville, (Shenandoah County, Virginia), \n\t\t2004-2005\n\t\t."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Zirkle Mill, Forestville, (Shenandoah County, Virginia), \n\t\t2004-2005\n\t\t."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":254,"containers_ssim":["box 39","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#251","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:39:24.719Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03310","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03310","_root_":"vi_vi03310","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03310","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03310.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["43960, 45554, 50423\n"],"text":["43960, 45554, 50423\n","Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007","44 cu. ft. (44 Boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","The Library of Virginia has multiple accessions for the correspondence and subject files of the Department of Historic Resources and will continue to receive accruals for this ongoing series.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, 1966-2007","The original order has been maintained, most boxes are arranged alphabetically by folder title, but order is not continuous throughout.\n\t","The Dept. of Historic Resources was created by an act of the General Assembly passed on March 27, 1989 in order to encourage, stimulate, and support the identification, evaluation, protection, preservation, and rehabilitation of the Commonwealth's significant historic, architectural, archaeological and cultural resources; to establish and maintain a permanent record of those resources; and to foster a greater appreciation of these resources among the citizen's of Virginia. In order to carry out these objectives the department administers a variety of programs, including a statewide survey of historic buildings, districts and archaeological sites; administration the Virginia Landmarks Register and participation in the National Register of Historic Places; the Highway Historical Markers program and the Preservation Easement program. The department also maintains an archives of historic sites, conducts environment reviews, provides markers for historical sites, publishes and conducts workshops for public education and coordinates historical preservation efforts among individuals, groups and governments and provides archaeological and technical assistance to these entities. The director is appointed by the governor and serves as the State Historic Preservation Officer for the purpose of carrying out the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. ","The Dept. of Historic Resources traces its roots back to the Division of History and the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission. The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission was created by an act of the General Assembly passed on April 6, 1966, to establish, designate, preserve, and mark historical landmarks. The Division of History was created within the State Commission on Conservation and Development in 1929. In 1938 the General Assembly approved the renaming of the State Commission on Conservation and Development to the Virginia Conservation Commission. The name was changed once again to the Dept. of Conservation and Development as a result of the state reorganization act approved by the General Assembly in 1948, and in 1958 became the Dept. of Conservation and Economic Development. In 1985, the Department of Conservation and Historic Resources and a separate Dept. of Economic Development were created. Also in 1985, The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission staff became the Division of Historic Landmarks within newly created Dept. of Conservation and Historic Resources. The Dept. of Historic Resources was created in 1989 when the Division of Historic Landmarks, (previously the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, created in 1966), split off from the Dept. of Conservation and Historic Resources and became its own agency. ","The title of Director of the Department of Human Resources has been held by: Hugh C. Miller (1989-1994), H. Alexander Wise (1994-2004), and Kathleen Kilpatrick (2004-Current).\n","This finding aid contains multiple accessions for the correspondence and subject files of the Department of Historic Resources and new accruals will be added to the finding aid as they are received.  Box numbers will be continuous from one accession to the next.","This collection has been processed using minimal processing standards: the original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.","Material found loose in the boxes was foldered and given a title determined by the archivist. In cases where folder titles were inaccurate, the titles have been corrected to more adequately describe the material.\n","These records consist of the correspondence and subject files created by the Director of the Department of Historic Resources.  Files relate to initiatives, commissions, tourism, budget, and preservation.  Specific subjects include the restoration of Capitol Square, Preservation Alliance of Virginia, Jamestown, Virginia Historical Society, Virginia History Initiative, and cemeteries.  Included are studies, proposals, reports, resolutions, and memoranda.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["43960, 45554, 50423\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, \n1966-2007"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Department of Historic Resources\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Department of Historic Resources\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 43960 was transferred by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, on 6 October 2008.","Accession 45554 was transferred by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, on 13 June 2011.","Accession 50423 was transferred by the Virginia Department of Historic Resources, 2801 Kensington Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, on 22 May 2012."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["44 cu. ft. (44 Boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Virginia has multiple accessions for the correspondence and subject files of the Department of Historic Resources and will continue to receive accruals for this ongoing series.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["The Library of Virginia has multiple accessions for the correspondence and subject files of the Department of Historic Resources and will continue to receive accruals for this ongoing series.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence and Subject Files, 1966-2007\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original order has been maintained, most boxes are arranged alphabetically by folder title, but order is not continuous throughout.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, 1966-2007","The original order has been maintained, most boxes are arranged alphabetically by folder title, but order is not continuous throughout.\n\t"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Dept. of Historic Resources was created by an act of the General Assembly passed on March 27, 1989 in order to encourage, stimulate, and support the identification, evaluation, protection, preservation, and rehabilitation of the Commonwealth's significant historic, architectural, archaeological and cultural resources; to establish and maintain a permanent record of those resources; and to foster a greater appreciation of these resources among the citizen's of Virginia. In order to carry out these objectives the department administers a variety of programs, including a statewide survey of historic buildings, districts and archaeological sites; administration the Virginia Landmarks Register and participation in the National Register of Historic Places; the Highway Historical Markers program and the Preservation Easement program. The department also maintains an archives of historic sites, conducts environment reviews, provides markers for historical sites, publishes and conducts workshops for public education and coordinates historical preservation efforts among individuals, groups and governments and provides archaeological and technical assistance to these entities. The director is appointed by the governor and serves as the State Historic Preservation Officer for the purpose of carrying out the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Dept. of Historic Resources traces its roots back to the Division of History and the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission. The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission was created by an act of the General Assembly passed on April 6, 1966, to establish, designate, preserve, and mark historical landmarks. The Division of History was created within the State Commission on Conservation and Development in 1929. In 1938 the General Assembly approved the renaming of the State Commission on Conservation and Development to the Virginia Conservation Commission. The name was changed once again to the Dept. of Conservation and Development as a result of the state reorganization act approved by the General Assembly in 1948, and in 1958 became the Dept. of Conservation and Economic Development. In 1985, the Department of Conservation and Historic Resources and a separate Dept. of Economic Development were created. Also in 1985, The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission staff became the Division of Historic Landmarks within newly created Dept. of Conservation and Historic Resources. The Dept. of Historic Resources was created in 1989 when the Division of Historic Landmarks, (previously the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, created in 1966), split off from the Dept. of Conservation and Historic Resources and became its own agency. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe title of Director of the Department of Human Resources has been held by: Hugh C. Miller (1989-1994), H. Alexander Wise (1994-2004), and Kathleen Kilpatrick (2004-Current).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Dept. of Historic Resources was created by an act of the General Assembly passed on March 27, 1989 in order to encourage, stimulate, and support the identification, evaluation, protection, preservation, and rehabilitation of the Commonwealth's significant historic, architectural, archaeological and cultural resources; to establish and maintain a permanent record of those resources; and to foster a greater appreciation of these resources among the citizen's of Virginia. In order to carry out these objectives the department administers a variety of programs, including a statewide survey of historic buildings, districts and archaeological sites; administration the Virginia Landmarks Register and participation in the National Register of Historic Places; the Highway Historical Markers program and the Preservation Easement program. The department also maintains an archives of historic sites, conducts environment reviews, provides markers for historical sites, publishes and conducts workshops for public education and coordinates historical preservation efforts among individuals, groups and governments and provides archaeological and technical assistance to these entities. The director is appointed by the governor and serves as the State Historic Preservation Officer for the purpose of carrying out the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. ","The Dept. of Historic Resources traces its roots back to the Division of History and the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission. The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission was created by an act of the General Assembly passed on April 6, 1966, to establish, designate, preserve, and mark historical landmarks. The Division of History was created within the State Commission on Conservation and Development in 1929. In 1938 the General Assembly approved the renaming of the State Commission on Conservation and Development to the Virginia Conservation Commission. The name was changed once again to the Dept. of Conservation and Development as a result of the state reorganization act approved by the General Assembly in 1948, and in 1958 became the Dept. of Conservation and Economic Development. In 1985, the Department of Conservation and Historic Resources and a separate Dept. of Economic Development were created. Also in 1985, The Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission staff became the Division of Historic Landmarks within newly created Dept. of Conservation and Historic Resources. The Dept. of Historic Resources was created in 1989 when the Division of Historic Landmarks, (previously the Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission, created in 1966), split off from the Dept. of Conservation and Historic Resources and became its own agency. ","The title of Director of the Department of Human Resources has been held by: Hugh C. Miller (1989-1994), H. Alexander Wise (1994-2004), and Kathleen Kilpatrick (2004-Current).\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, 1966-2007, [cite specific accession number]. State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject files of the Director of the Department of Historic Resources, 1966-2007, [cite specific accession number]. State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid contains multiple accessions for the correspondence and subject files of the Department of Historic Resources and new accruals will be added to the finding aid as they are received.  Box numbers will be continuous from one accession to the next.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been processed using minimal processing standards: the original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial found loose in the boxes was foldered and given a title determined by the archivist. In cases where folder titles were inaccurate, the titles have been corrected to more adequately describe the material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid contains multiple accessions for the correspondence and subject files of the Department of Historic Resources and new accruals will be added to the finding aid as they are received.  Box numbers will be continuous from one accession to the next.","This collection has been processed using minimal processing standards: the original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.","Material found loose in the boxes was foldered and given a title determined by the archivist. In cases where folder titles were inaccurate, the titles have been corrected to more adequately describe the material.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese records consist of the correspondence and subject files created by the Director of the Department of Historic Resources.  Files relate to initiatives, commissions, tourism, budget, and preservation.  Specific subjects include the restoration of Capitol Square, Preservation Alliance of Virginia, Jamestown, Virginia Historical Society, Virginia History Initiative, and cemeteries.  Included are studies, proposals, reports, resolutions, and memoranda.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These records consist of the correspondence and subject files created by the Director of the Department of Historic Resources.  Files relate to initiatives, commissions, tourism, budget, and preservation.  Specific subjects include the restoration of Capitol Square, Preservation Alliance of Virginia, Jamestown, Virginia Historical Society, Virginia History Initiative, and cemeteries.  Included are studies, proposals, reports, resolutions, and memoranda.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":903,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:39:24.719Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03310_c01_c01_c252"}},{"id":"vi_vi00911_c01_c02_c1134","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ziskind, Theodore, case of,\n1921-1922","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00911_c01_c02_c1134#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00911_c01_c02_c1134","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00911_c01_c02_c1134"],"id":"vi_vi00911_c01_c02_c1134","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00911","_root_":"vi_vi00911","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00911_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00911_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00911","vi_vi00911_c01","vi_vi00911_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00911","vi_vi00911_c01","vi_vi00911_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995","Series I: General Counsel and Vice President Files,\n1887-1942","Subseries B: Legal Files,\n1903-1942"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995","Series I: General Counsel and Vice President Files,\n1887-1942","Subseries B: Legal Files,\n1903-1942"],"text":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995","Series I: General Counsel and Vice President Files,\n1887-1942","Subseries B: Legal Files,\n1903-1942","Ziskind, Theodore, case of,\n1921-1922","box 27","folder 34"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ziskind, Theodore, case of,\n 1921-1922\n","title_ssm":["Ziskind, Theodore, case of,\n1921-1922"],"title_tesim":["Ziskind, Theodore, case of,\n1921-1922"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ziskind, Theodore, case of,\n1921-1922"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1172,"containers_ssim":["box 27","folder 34"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#1133","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:10:25.639Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00911","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00911","_root_":"vi_vi00911","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00911","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00911.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["37345\n"],"text":["37345\n","Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995","32 cubic feet and approximately 510 volumes","Collection is open to research.\n","Arranged alphabetically and chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order. Organized into the following ten series: Series I. General Counsel/Vice President Files (Subseries A.\nCorrespondence, Subseries B. Legal Files, Subseries C. Financial Files, Subseries D. Personnel Files, Subseries E. Annual Reports, Subseries F. Jamestown Exposition Files), Series II. Treasurer's Files (Subseries\nA. Customer Accounts, Subseries B. Dividend and Stock Accounts), Series III. VEPCO Relief Association Files, Series IV. Publications, Series V. Right-of-Way Plats, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII.\nAdvertisements, Series VIII. Scrapbooks, Series IX. Memorabilia, Series X. Minute books and ledgers.\n","Alphabetically and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order. This maintains the original organization incorporated by the company.\n","Alphabetically and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order according to the system used by the company.\n","Alphabetically by case name or legal subject and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order.\n","Boxes 28-29 are alphabetical by folder title and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order. Box 30 contains oversize items and is also alphabetical by folder title and\nthen chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Box 30 contains oversize items and is alphabetical by folder title and then in reverse chronological order. Box 31 is also alphabetical by folder title and then in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetical by folder title and then chronologically.\n","Alphabetical by folder title and chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetically and then in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetical by folder title with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetical by folder title with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetically by member's name.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically and then chronologically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Chronologically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Arranged by material type. (FRAGILE HANDLE WITH CARE)\n","Arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\n","The Virginia Electric and Power Company, now known as Dominion Virginia Power, comprises approximately 250 subsidiary companies which were purchased or merged into the company over its 220 year existence. For\nthe purposes of this description, Virginia Electric and Power Company will be shortened to its acronym and pseudonym \"VEPCO.\" The company became known as the Virginia Electric and Power Company in 1925 when its\ntwo principal subsidiaries, the Spotsylvania Power Company of Fredericksburg and the Virginia Railway and Power Company, merged. To facilitate description, \"VEPCO\" will be used to describe the company both before\nand after this merger.\n","In 1787, the Virginia General Assembly established the Appomattox Trustees, a corporation whose original purpose was clearing, improving and extending the navigation along the Appomattox River so that rum and\ntobacco might be hauled into the Virginia highlands from the Tidewater and Hampton Roads. Since the founding of this corporation, more than 250 subsidiary companies founded for various and sundry enterprises as\nwater power, real estate, horse shoe manufacturing, ice making, coal mining, laundry, railway and trolley service, ferry service and street lighting have joined the corporate ancestry of VEPCO. Like the Appomattox\nTrustees the earliest subsidiaries of VEPCO generally organized to focus on the development of canals and water power in Virginia. By the mid-19th century, however, the arrival of passenger railways and\nelectricity, especially in urban areas, had displaced water travel and power as the focus of VEPCO subsidiary companies. Many VEPCO subsidiaries flourished during the late 19th and early 20th century after the\nappearance of urban electrical streetcars.\n","On 29 June 1909, the Virginia Railway and Power Company was incorporated to acquire three of the largest rail companies in Richmond. This was the corporate birthday and the real beginning of the Virginia\nElectric and Power Company. During the 1910's the company operated streetcars in four cities under complex and inflexible franchises. After World War I streetcar fares failed to adjust to meet increased cost\ndemand. In the early 1920's city, state and national government and courts were asked to take charge of the crisis. Ultimately the Virginia State Corporation Commission took jurisdiction over public transportation\nand electrical companies, but failed to address the fare issue. As a result by the mid-1920's, streetcar and electrical companies had shifted their business pendulum to focus principally on the distribution of\nelectrical power. For the next three quarters of a century, this power company continued to consolidate smaller companies and increase the size of its power grid throughout Virginia and Northern North Carolina.\n","Much of the collection was originally arranged by the company according to an ambiguous lettering and numbering system that could not be deciphered by the processing archivist. The collection subsequently was\nrearranged according to current archival standards but the numbers for the original files were retained and are written on each folder. Ute Schechter, a former archivist at The Library of Virginia, was the\noriginal processor of this collection.\n","Virginia Electric and Power Company, Collection of miscellaneous brochures, ca. 1950 (LVA Accession 38155). Also see library collection for various printed items.\n","Records, 1849-ca. 1995, of the Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO) consisting of advertisements including posters and broadsides, correspondence, journals, ledgers, legal files, memorabilia, minute\nbooks, photographs, plats, publications including booklets and pamphlets, scrapbooks, for the company and its subsidiary companies.\n","These are the files kept by the General Counsel, who also was a vice president of the company. The majority of this series contains legal files, but there is also material in this series from other departments\nand pertaining to other matters that required executive decisions. The General Counsel's papers remain together as they were filed by the company; however, the folders have been alphabetically rearranged according\nto subject.\n","Principally consists of the general business correspondence of the General Counsel and Vice President E. Randolph Williams. This business correspondence dates from 1921-1925 and generally does not refer to\nspecific legal cases as is the case with the legal files in Subseries B. These correspondence files concern various business and legal matters brought to the attention of the general counsel by interoffice staff,\nother business persons and governmental officials. At the end of this series is a folder containing correspondence, 1914-1919, in reference to articles that appeared in\n Public Service\n , the VEPCO newsletter.\n","Contains correspondence and legal and case files including legal briefs, generally exchanged between the General Counsel, VEPCO attorneys and claims agents in the Legal Department, VEPCO executives, opposing\ncounsels and litigants, other businesses and business persons, and government and court officials. Many of the cases concern personal injury, fatal error, and property lawsuits caused by accidents on or with\nstreetcars. Other files pertain to streetcar operation and fares. There are also legal documents including deeds and contracts concerning the purchase and transfer of property right-of-ways, property disputes, and\nthe development of infrastructure in Richmond and Norfolk including street paving, streetcar lines and railways, water and gas lines, and power grids. Other legal files including most notably the dense case of\nCharles Hall Davis concern lawsuits in reference to stock and dividend disputes. A small amount of files also concerns deferred classification for war military service by VEPCO employees. At the end of this\nsubseries are case summaries and lists, 1921-1923, arranged chronologically by the company.\n","Consists of correspondence, reports, and other legal documents concerning the Legal Department's expenses and its attempt to establish electricity rates in Richmond; correspondence and weekly and monthly\nreports of the Light and Power Department; monthly reports of the Transportaion Department and the Motor Transit Corporation; charts of authorized expenditures; and a copy of a\n Report on the Determination of Original Cost of Electric Plant\n  (1942). There are also receipts, 1888, for the purchase of coal by the company.\n","Principally comprises the General Counsel's personnel files, 1904-1919, concerning law deparment staff and their appointments and promotions, terminations, performance, and salary. There is also a payroll\nledger, 1903-1909, a payroll chart, 1887, and copies of the law departments' organizational structure, 1911, and order for business, 1911.\n","Consists of annual reports, 1912-1923, of the company; annual reports, 1909-1921, of injuries and damages sustained by the transportation and light power departments; annual report, 1935, for the light and\npower department; and an annual report, 1931, for the Petersburg Power Station and substations.\n","The Norfolk and Portsmouth Traction Company, a subsidiary of VEPCO, agreed to supply power to the grounds of the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition in Hampton Roads from 26 April to November 1907. This\nsubseries contains the correspondence and legal files concerning the General Counsel and his staff's participation in the discussions prior to and following the agreement. Also contains court documents concerning\nlawsuits following the exposition filed between the Jamestown Exposition Company and the towns of Norfolk and Portsmouth.\n","Contains the correspondence and financial files of the company treasurer and his staff.\n","Includes invoices, 1919-1920, for weekly and/or monthly electric current principally issued to Norfolk and Richmond area businesses and industry; and correspondence, 1922-1925, exchanged between the treasurer's\noffice and power customers concerning past due notices, service interruption, and bill disputes.\n","Includes correspondence, 1910-1912, concerning stock transfers and exchanges; correspondence, 1911, with businesses, banks, accountants, lawyers, trust companies, and stock exchanges pertaining to listing VEPCO\nstock on stock exchanges in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston; and correspondence, 1913-1917, with stockholders concerning dividends payable on common and preferred stock.\n","Principally consists of certificates of attending physicians denoting service rendered to members of the Virginia Railway and Power Company Relief Association for injury or illness. Certificates contain\ninformation including member's name and job position, physician's name, and illness or injury.\n","These are pamphlets, articles, and booklets primarily concerning public utility and jitney rates, jitney and public transportation legislation, VEPCO department yearly summaries submitted for awards, and VEPCO\nnewsletters.\n","Comprises items published by and concerning VEPCO or the Virginia Public Service Company or Virginia Railway and Power Company, two subsidiaries. There is also a North Anna Nuclear Power Plant calendar, 1990,\nand an organizational chart noting the date of incorporation and merger of all VEPCO subsidiaries.\n","Comprises publications of the American Electrical Railway Association.\n","Contains publications not published by VEPCO, their subsidiaries or the American Electrical Railway Association.\n","These are blueprints for plats of right-of-way property belonging to the Richmond and Chesapeake Railway, a VEPCO subsidiary. Arranged by adjacent property holder's surname. There is also a bound volume of\ncourt documents, 1928, pertaining to VEPCO right-of-ways.\n","Principally contains photographs of executives in the late 1980's and 1990's, the Twelfth Street Power Station in Richmond and other electric plants and substations, power lines and other electrical structures.\nThere are also photographs of VEPCO staff functions from the 1920's-1950's and Richmond street photographs showing electrical and trolley lines.\n","Chiefly contains publicity broadsides created by VEPCO and VEPCO's advertising contractor Cargill, Wilson and Acree for publication as posters and in newspapers, magazines, and other printed material. These\nadvertisements generally promote the expanded use of electrical household appliances, the purchase of electrically operated homes, and the conversion to electrical agricultural equipment by farmers.\n","High-rise banner","Volumes of clippings from Virginia newspapers concerning VEPCO and its subsidiary companies.\n","Contains insulators, embossers for VEPCO subsidiaries, and an award medal issued in 1966 to VEPCO by the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge. \n","These are account books, cash journals, board of directors' and stockholders' minute books, by-laws, stock ledgers, receivers' registers, and other general ledgers for VEPCO and its subsidiaries. Numbers in\nparentheses are an anitquated and undeciphered numbering system employed by VEPCO.\n","Virginia Power retains all patent rights, copyrights, property rights, literary rights, and publication rights to the records. Permission to publish must be obtained from Virginia Power.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["37345\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company Records,\n1849-ca. 1995"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Virginia Electric and Power Company, Richmond, Virginia in May 2000.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["32 cubic feet and approximately 510 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order. Organized into the following ten series: Series I. General Counsel/Vice President Files (Subseries A.\nCorrespondence, Subseries B. Legal Files, Subseries C. Financial Files, Subseries D. Personnel Files, Subseries E. Annual Reports, Subseries F. Jamestown Exposition Files), Series II. Treasurer's Files (Subseries\nA. Customer Accounts, Subseries B. Dividend and Stock Accounts), Series III. VEPCO Relief Association Files, Series IV. Publications, Series V. Right-of-Way Plats, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII.\nAdvertisements, Series VIII. Scrapbooks, Series IX. Memorabilia, Series X. Minute books and ledgers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order. This maintains the original organization incorporated by the company.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order according to the system used by the company.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically by case name or legal subject and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 28-29 are alphabetical by folder title and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order. Box 30 contains oversize items and is also alphabetical by folder title and\nthen chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 30 contains oversize items and is alphabetical by folder title and then in reverse chronological order. Box 31 is also alphabetical by folder title and then in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by folder title and then chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by folder title and chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically and then in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by folder title with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by folder title with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically by member's name.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically and then chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by material type. (FRAGILE HANDLE WITH CARE)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged alphabetically and chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order. Organized into the following ten series: Series I. General Counsel/Vice President Files (Subseries A.\nCorrespondence, Subseries B. Legal Files, Subseries C. Financial Files, Subseries D. Personnel Files, Subseries E. Annual Reports, Subseries F. Jamestown Exposition Files), Series II. Treasurer's Files (Subseries\nA. Customer Accounts, Subseries B. Dividend and Stock Accounts), Series III. VEPCO Relief Association Files, Series IV. Publications, Series V. Right-of-Way Plats, Series VI. Photographs, Series VII.\nAdvertisements, Series VIII. Scrapbooks, Series IX. Memorabilia, Series X. Minute books and ledgers.\n","Alphabetically and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order. This maintains the original organization incorporated by the company.\n","Alphabetically and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order according to the system used by the company.\n","Alphabetically by case name or legal subject and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order.\n","Boxes 28-29 are alphabetical by folder title and then chronologically with folder contents arranged in reverse chronological order. Box 30 contains oversize items and is also alphabetical by folder title and\nthen chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Box 30 contains oversize items and is alphabetical by folder title and then in reverse chronological order. Box 31 is also alphabetical by folder title and then in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetical by folder title and then chronologically.\n","Alphabetical by folder title and chronologically with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetically and then in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetical by folder title with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetical by folder title with folder contents in reverse chronological order.\n","Alphabetically by member's name.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically and then chronologically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Chronologically.\n","Alphabetically.\n","Arranged by material type. (FRAGILE HANDLE WITH CARE)\n","Arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Electric and Power Company, now known as Dominion Virginia Power, comprises approximately 250 subsidiary companies which were purchased or merged into the company over its 220 year existence. For\nthe purposes of this description, Virginia Electric and Power Company will be shortened to its acronym and pseudonym \"VEPCO.\" The company became known as the Virginia Electric and Power Company in 1925 when its\ntwo principal subsidiaries, the Spotsylvania Power Company of Fredericksburg and the Virginia Railway and Power Company, merged. To facilitate description, \"VEPCO\" will be used to describe the company both before\nand after this merger.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1787, the Virginia General Assembly established the Appomattox Trustees, a corporation whose original purpose was clearing, improving and extending the navigation along the Appomattox River so that rum and\ntobacco might be hauled into the Virginia highlands from the Tidewater and Hampton Roads. Since the founding of this corporation, more than 250 subsidiary companies founded for various and sundry enterprises as\nwater power, real estate, horse shoe manufacturing, ice making, coal mining, laundry, railway and trolley service, ferry service and street lighting have joined the corporate ancestry of VEPCO. Like the Appomattox\nTrustees the earliest subsidiaries of VEPCO generally organized to focus on the development of canals and water power in Virginia. By the mid-19th century, however, the arrival of passenger railways and\nelectricity, especially in urban areas, had displaced water travel and power as the focus of VEPCO subsidiary companies. Many VEPCO subsidiaries flourished during the late 19th and early 20th century after the\nappearance of urban electrical streetcars.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn 29 June 1909, the Virginia Railway and Power Company was incorporated to acquire three of the largest rail companies in Richmond. This was the corporate birthday and the real beginning of the Virginia\nElectric and Power Company. During the 1910's the company operated streetcars in four cities under complex and inflexible franchises. After World War I streetcar fares failed to adjust to meet increased cost\ndemand. In the early 1920's city, state and national government and courts were asked to take charge of the crisis. Ultimately the Virginia State Corporation Commission took jurisdiction over public transportation\nand electrical companies, but failed to address the fare issue. As a result by the mid-1920's, streetcar and electrical companies had shifted their business pendulum to focus principally on the distribution of\nelectrical power. For the next three quarters of a century, this power company continued to consolidate smaller companies and increase the size of its power grid throughout Virginia and Northern North Carolina.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Electric and Power Company, now known as Dominion Virginia Power, comprises approximately 250 subsidiary companies which were purchased or merged into the company over its 220 year existence. For\nthe purposes of this description, Virginia Electric and Power Company will be shortened to its acronym and pseudonym \"VEPCO.\" The company became known as the Virginia Electric and Power Company in 1925 when its\ntwo principal subsidiaries, the Spotsylvania Power Company of Fredericksburg and the Virginia Railway and Power Company, merged. To facilitate description, \"VEPCO\" will be used to describe the company both before\nand after this merger.\n","In 1787, the Virginia General Assembly established the Appomattox Trustees, a corporation whose original purpose was clearing, improving and extending the navigation along the Appomattox River so that rum and\ntobacco might be hauled into the Virginia highlands from the Tidewater and Hampton Roads. Since the founding of this corporation, more than 250 subsidiary companies founded for various and sundry enterprises as\nwater power, real estate, horse shoe manufacturing, ice making, coal mining, laundry, railway and trolley service, ferry service and street lighting have joined the corporate ancestry of VEPCO. Like the Appomattox\nTrustees the earliest subsidiaries of VEPCO generally organized to focus on the development of canals and water power in Virginia. By the mid-19th century, however, the arrival of passenger railways and\nelectricity, especially in urban areas, had displaced water travel and power as the focus of VEPCO subsidiary companies. Many VEPCO subsidiaries flourished during the late 19th and early 20th century after the\nappearance of urban electrical streetcars.\n","On 29 June 1909, the Virginia Railway and Power Company was incorporated to acquire three of the largest rail companies in Richmond. This was the corporate birthday and the real beginning of the Virginia\nElectric and Power Company. During the 1910's the company operated streetcars in four cities under complex and inflexible franchises. After World War I streetcar fares failed to adjust to meet increased cost\ndemand. In the early 1920's city, state and national government and courts were asked to take charge of the crisis. Ultimately the Virginia State Corporation Commission took jurisdiction over public transportation\nand electrical companies, but failed to address the fare issue. As a result by the mid-1920's, streetcar and electrical companies had shifted their business pendulum to focus principally on the distribution of\nelectrical power. For the next three quarters of a century, this power company continued to consolidate smaller companies and increase the size of its power grid throughout Virginia and Northern North Carolina.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Electric and Power Company, Records, 1849-ca. 1995. Accession 37345, Business Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company, Records, 1849-ca. 1995. Accession 37345, Business Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMuch of the collection was originally arranged by the company according to an ambiguous lettering and numbering system that could not be deciphered by the processing archivist. The collection subsequently was\nrearranged according to current archival standards but the numbers for the original files were retained and are written on each folder. Ute Schechter, a former archivist at The Library of Virginia, was the\noriginal processor of this collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Much of the collection was originally arranged by the company according to an ambiguous lettering and numbering system that could not be deciphered by the processing archivist. The collection subsequently was\nrearranged according to current archival standards but the numbers for the original files were retained and are written on each folder. Ute Schechter, a former archivist at The Library of Virginia, was the\noriginal processor of this collection.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Electric and Power Company, Collection of miscellaneous brochures, ca. 1950 (LVA Accession 38155). Also see library collection for various printed items.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Electric and Power Company, Collection of miscellaneous brochures, ca. 1950 (LVA Accession 38155). Also see library collection for various printed items.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 1849-ca. 1995, of the Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO) consisting of advertisements including posters and broadsides, correspondence, journals, ledgers, legal files, memorabilia, minute\nbooks, photographs, plats, publications including booklets and pamphlets, scrapbooks, for the company and its subsidiary companies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese are the files kept by the General Counsel, who also was a vice president of the company. The majority of this series contains legal files, but there is also material in this series from other departments\nand pertaining to other matters that required executive decisions. The General Counsel's papers remain together as they were filed by the company; however, the folders have been alphabetically rearranged according\nto subject.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrincipally consists of the general business correspondence of the General Counsel and Vice President E. Randolph Williams. This business correspondence dates from 1921-1925 and generally does not refer to\nspecific legal cases as is the case with the legal files in Subseries B. These correspondence files concern various business and legal matters brought to the attention of the general counsel by interoffice staff,\nother business persons and governmental officials. At the end of this series is a folder containing correspondence, 1914-1919, in reference to articles that appeared in\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePublic Service\n\u003c/title\u003e, the VEPCO newsletter.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and legal and case files including legal briefs, generally exchanged between the General Counsel, VEPCO attorneys and claims agents in the Legal Department, VEPCO executives, opposing\ncounsels and litigants, other businesses and business persons, and government and court officials. Many of the cases concern personal injury, fatal error, and property lawsuits caused by accidents on or with\nstreetcars. Other files pertain to streetcar operation and fares. There are also legal documents including deeds and contracts concerning the purchase and transfer of property right-of-ways, property disputes, and\nthe development of infrastructure in Richmond and Norfolk including street paving, streetcar lines and railways, water and gas lines, and power grids. Other legal files including most notably the dense case of\nCharles Hall Davis concern lawsuits in reference to stock and dividend disputes. A small amount of files also concerns deferred classification for war military service by VEPCO employees. At the end of this\nsubseries are case summaries and lists, 1921-1923, arranged chronologically by the company.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of correspondence, reports, and other legal documents concerning the Legal Department's expenses and its attempt to establish electricity rates in Richmond; correspondence and weekly and monthly\nreports of the Light and Power Department; monthly reports of the Transportaion Department and the Motor Transit Corporation; charts of authorized expenditures; and a copy of a\n\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eReport on the Determination of Original Cost of Electric Plant\n\u003c/title\u003e (1942). There are also receipts, 1888, for the purchase of coal by the company.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrincipally comprises the General Counsel's personnel files, 1904-1919, concerning law deparment staff and their appointments and promotions, terminations, performance, and salary. There is also a payroll\nledger, 1903-1909, a payroll chart, 1887, and copies of the law departments' organizational structure, 1911, and order for business, 1911.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConsists of annual reports, 1912-1923, of the company; annual reports, 1909-1921, of injuries and damages sustained by the transportation and light power departments; annual report, 1935, for the light and\npower department; and an annual report, 1931, for the Petersburg Power Station and substations.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Norfolk and Portsmouth Traction Company, a subsidiary of VEPCO, agreed to supply power to the grounds of the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition in Hampton Roads from 26 April to November 1907. This\nsubseries contains the correspondence and legal files concerning the General Counsel and his staff's participation in the discussions prior to and following the agreement. Also contains court documents concerning\nlawsuits following the exposition filed between the Jamestown Exposition Company and the towns of Norfolk and Portsmouth.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the correspondence and financial files of the company treasurer and his staff.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes invoices, 1919-1920, for weekly and/or monthly electric current principally issued to Norfolk and Richmond area businesses and industry; and correspondence, 1922-1925, exchanged between the treasurer's\noffice and power customers concerning past due notices, service interruption, and bill disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence, 1910-1912, concerning stock transfers and exchanges; correspondence, 1911, with businesses, banks, accountants, lawyers, trust companies, and stock exchanges pertaining to listing VEPCO\nstock on stock exchanges in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston; and correspondence, 1913-1917, with stockholders concerning dividends payable on common and preferred stock.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrincipally consists of certificates of attending physicians denoting service rendered to members of the Virginia Railway and Power Company Relief Association for injury or illness. Certificates contain\ninformation including member's name and job position, physician's name, and illness or injury.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese are pamphlets, articles, and booklets primarily concerning public utility and jitney rates, jitney and public transportation legislation, VEPCO department yearly summaries submitted for awards, and VEPCO\nnewsletters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises items published by and concerning VEPCO or the Virginia Public Service Company or Virginia Railway and Power Company, two subsidiaries. There is also a North Anna Nuclear Power Plant calendar, 1990,\nand an organizational chart noting the date of incorporation and merger of all VEPCO subsidiaries.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises publications of the American Electrical Railway Association.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains publications not published by VEPCO, their subsidiaries or the American Electrical Railway Association.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese are blueprints for plats of right-of-way property belonging to the Richmond and Chesapeake Railway, a VEPCO subsidiary. Arranged by adjacent property holder's surname. There is also a bound volume of\ncourt documents, 1928, pertaining to VEPCO right-of-ways.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrincipally contains photographs of executives in the late 1980's and 1990's, the Twelfth Street Power Station in Richmond and other electric plants and substations, power lines and other electrical structures.\nThere are also photographs of VEPCO staff functions from the 1920's-1950's and Richmond street photographs showing electrical and trolley lines.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChiefly contains publicity broadsides created by VEPCO and VEPCO's advertising contractor Cargill, Wilson and Acree for publication as posters and in newspapers, magazines, and other printed material. These\nadvertisements generally promote the expanded use of electrical household appliances, the purchase of electrically operated homes, and the conversion to electrical agricultural equipment by farmers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHigh-rise banner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVolumes of clippings from Virginia newspapers concerning VEPCO and its subsidiary companies.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains insulators, embossers for VEPCO subsidiaries, and an award medal issued in 1966 to VEPCO by the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese are account books, cash journals, board of directors' and stockholders' minute books, by-laws, stock ledgers, receivers' registers, and other general ledgers for VEPCO and its subsidiaries. Numbers in\nparentheses are an anitquated and undeciphered numbering system employed by VEPCO.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 1849-ca. 1995, of the Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO) consisting of advertisements including posters and broadsides, correspondence, journals, ledgers, legal files, memorabilia, minute\nbooks, photographs, plats, publications including booklets and pamphlets, scrapbooks, for the company and its subsidiary companies.\n","These are the files kept by the General Counsel, who also was a vice president of the company. The majority of this series contains legal files, but there is also material in this series from other departments\nand pertaining to other matters that required executive decisions. The General Counsel's papers remain together as they were filed by the company; however, the folders have been alphabetically rearranged according\nto subject.\n","Principally consists of the general business correspondence of the General Counsel and Vice President E. Randolph Williams. This business correspondence dates from 1921-1925 and generally does not refer to\nspecific legal cases as is the case with the legal files in Subseries B. These correspondence files concern various business and legal matters brought to the attention of the general counsel by interoffice staff,\nother business persons and governmental officials. At the end of this series is a folder containing correspondence, 1914-1919, in reference to articles that appeared in\n Public Service\n , the VEPCO newsletter.\n","Contains correspondence and legal and case files including legal briefs, generally exchanged between the General Counsel, VEPCO attorneys and claims agents in the Legal Department, VEPCO executives, opposing\ncounsels and litigants, other businesses and business persons, and government and court officials. Many of the cases concern personal injury, fatal error, and property lawsuits caused by accidents on or with\nstreetcars. Other files pertain to streetcar operation and fares. There are also legal documents including deeds and contracts concerning the purchase and transfer of property right-of-ways, property disputes, and\nthe development of infrastructure in Richmond and Norfolk including street paving, streetcar lines and railways, water and gas lines, and power grids. Other legal files including most notably the dense case of\nCharles Hall Davis concern lawsuits in reference to stock and dividend disputes. A small amount of files also concerns deferred classification for war military service by VEPCO employees. At the end of this\nsubseries are case summaries and lists, 1921-1923, arranged chronologically by the company.\n","Consists of correspondence, reports, and other legal documents concerning the Legal Department's expenses and its attempt to establish electricity rates in Richmond; correspondence and weekly and monthly\nreports of the Light and Power Department; monthly reports of the Transportaion Department and the Motor Transit Corporation; charts of authorized expenditures; and a copy of a\n Report on the Determination of Original Cost of Electric Plant\n  (1942). There are also receipts, 1888, for the purchase of coal by the company.\n","Principally comprises the General Counsel's personnel files, 1904-1919, concerning law deparment staff and their appointments and promotions, terminations, performance, and salary. There is also a payroll\nledger, 1903-1909, a payroll chart, 1887, and copies of the law departments' organizational structure, 1911, and order for business, 1911.\n","Consists of annual reports, 1912-1923, of the company; annual reports, 1909-1921, of injuries and damages sustained by the transportation and light power departments; annual report, 1935, for the light and\npower department; and an annual report, 1931, for the Petersburg Power Station and substations.\n","The Norfolk and Portsmouth Traction Company, a subsidiary of VEPCO, agreed to supply power to the grounds of the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition in Hampton Roads from 26 April to November 1907. This\nsubseries contains the correspondence and legal files concerning the General Counsel and his staff's participation in the discussions prior to and following the agreement. Also contains court documents concerning\nlawsuits following the exposition filed between the Jamestown Exposition Company and the towns of Norfolk and Portsmouth.\n","Contains the correspondence and financial files of the company treasurer and his staff.\n","Includes invoices, 1919-1920, for weekly and/or monthly electric current principally issued to Norfolk and Richmond area businesses and industry; and correspondence, 1922-1925, exchanged between the treasurer's\noffice and power customers concerning past due notices, service interruption, and bill disputes.\n","Includes correspondence, 1910-1912, concerning stock transfers and exchanges; correspondence, 1911, with businesses, banks, accountants, lawyers, trust companies, and stock exchanges pertaining to listing VEPCO\nstock on stock exchanges in Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston; and correspondence, 1913-1917, with stockholders concerning dividends payable on common and preferred stock.\n","Principally consists of certificates of attending physicians denoting service rendered to members of the Virginia Railway and Power Company Relief Association for injury or illness. Certificates contain\ninformation including member's name and job position, physician's name, and illness or injury.\n","These are pamphlets, articles, and booklets primarily concerning public utility and jitney rates, jitney and public transportation legislation, VEPCO department yearly summaries submitted for awards, and VEPCO\nnewsletters.\n","Comprises items published by and concerning VEPCO or the Virginia Public Service Company or Virginia Railway and Power Company, two subsidiaries. There is also a North Anna Nuclear Power Plant calendar, 1990,\nand an organizational chart noting the date of incorporation and merger of all VEPCO subsidiaries.\n","Comprises publications of the American Electrical Railway Association.\n","Contains publications not published by VEPCO, their subsidiaries or the American Electrical Railway Association.\n","These are blueprints for plats of right-of-way property belonging to the Richmond and Chesapeake Railway, a VEPCO subsidiary. Arranged by adjacent property holder's surname. There is also a bound volume of\ncourt documents, 1928, pertaining to VEPCO right-of-ways.\n","Principally contains photographs of executives in the late 1980's and 1990's, the Twelfth Street Power Station in Richmond and other electric plants and substations, power lines and other electrical structures.\nThere are also photographs of VEPCO staff functions from the 1920's-1950's and Richmond street photographs showing electrical and trolley lines.\n","Chiefly contains publicity broadsides created by VEPCO and VEPCO's advertising contractor Cargill, Wilson and Acree for publication as posters and in newspapers, magazines, and other printed material. These\nadvertisements generally promote the expanded use of electrical household appliances, the purchase of electrically operated homes, and the conversion to electrical agricultural equipment by farmers.\n","High-rise banner","Volumes of clippings from Virginia newspapers concerning VEPCO and its subsidiary companies.\n","Contains insulators, embossers for VEPCO subsidiaries, and an award medal issued in 1966 to VEPCO by the Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge. \n","These are account books, cash journals, board of directors' and stockholders' minute books, by-laws, stock ledgers, receivers' registers, and other general ledgers for VEPCO and its subsidiaries. Numbers in\nparentheses are an anitquated and undeciphered numbering system employed by VEPCO.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Power retains all patent rights, copyrights, property rights, literary rights, and publication rights to the records. Permission to publish must be obtained from Virginia Power.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Virginia Power retains all patent rights, copyrights, property rights, literary rights, and publication rights to the records. Permission to publish must be obtained from Virginia Power.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2316,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:10:25.639Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00911_c01_c02_c1134"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c596","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Z, July 1926 - June 1927","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c596#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c596","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c596"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c596","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c02","vi_vi01055_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c02","vi_vi01055_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series II: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes 15-38","Subseries II.A: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes: 15-38:"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series II: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes 15-38","Subseries II.A: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes: 15-38:"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series II: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes 15-38","Subseries II.A: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes: 15-38:","Z, July 1926 - June 1927","box 32","folder 48"],"title_filing_ssi":"Z, July 1926 - June 1927\n\t\t","title_ssm":["Z, July 1926 - June 1927"],"title_tesim":["Z, July 1926 - June 1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z, July 1926 - June 1927"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3028,"containers_ssim":["box 32","folder 48"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#595","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c596"}},{"id":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c781","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Z, July 1930 - June 1931","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c781#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c781","ref_ssm":["vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c781"],"id":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c781","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi01055_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c02","vi_vi01055_c02_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi01055","vi_vi01055_c02","vi_vi01055_c02_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series II: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes 15-38","Subseries II.A: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes: 15-38:"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series II: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes 15-38","Subseries II.A: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes: 15-38:"],"text":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","Series II: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes 15-38","Subseries II.A: Correspondence, 1916-1934. Boxes: 15-38:","Z, July 1930 - June 1931","box 36","folder 47"],"title_filing_ssi":"Z, July 1930 - June 1931\n\t\t","title_ssm":["Z, July 1930 - June 1931"],"title_tesim":["Z, July 1930 - June 1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z, July 1930 - June 1931"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3213,"containers_ssim":["box 36","folder 47"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#780","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01055","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01055","_root_":"vi_vi01055","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01055","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01055.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["42740\n"],"text":["42740\n","Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934","179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n","","The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n","\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n","","Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["42740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission,\n1916-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred 1938.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["179.93 cu. ft. (203 boxes, 2 volumes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series: Series I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; Series I.A. Applications\nSeries I.B. Personnel Files; Series II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; Series II.A. General Correspondence; Series II.B. Correspondence re: Beer; Series III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series III.A. Financial Records; Series III.B. Administrative Records; Series IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; Series V. Permits, 1918-1934; Series VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; Series VII. Index Card Files, undated.\n","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: Applications; and Personnel Files. Arranged alphabetically by last name of individual within the series. \n","\nContains correspondence, letters of applications, references.  This series is not complete. Please note: the content of the two (2) subseries overlap. Distinction between Applications series and the Personnel Files series is the presence or mention of then-current employment with the Prohibition Commission, a commission stating an individual is an inspector acting on behalf of the Prohibition Commission or other indication of then-current employment. There are files of previous and future employees/volunteers with the Commission who are represented in the Applications series. \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of individual. \n\t","\nArranged into two (2) subseries: General Correspondence and Subject Files, 1916-1934; and Correspondence re: Beer, 1932-1934. Arranged alphabetically by topic or last name of correspondent.  \n","\n\tArranged alphabetically by last name of correspondent or topic.\n\t","\n\tArranged alphabetically by topic.\n\t","Arranged into two subseries: Financial Records, 1919-1934 [bulk 1927-1934]; and Administrative Records, 1923-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]. \n","Arranged alphabetically by material type, and chronologically thereunder. \n\t","Arranged alphabetically by folder title.  \n\t","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by last name of inspector.  \n","","Arranged by date and then alphabetically by company name or last name of requestor.\n","","Arranged by type of applicant, and alphabetically by locality therein.\n","","Arranged by type of index and alphabetically by last name therein. \n","","Arranged by series type and chronologically therein. \n",""],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Prohibition Commission was established by Act of Assembly on 10 March 1916 as \"an exercise of the police power of the State for the protection of the State, for the protection of the public health, peace and morals, and the prevention of the sale and use of ardent spirits\".  This act, also known as the \"Mapp Act\", made it \"unlawful to manufacture, transport, sell, keep or store for sale, offer, advertise, or expose for sale, give away, or dispense, or solicit in any way, or receive orders for or aid in procuring ardent spirits\" with some exceptions. Ardent spirits were defined as alcohol, brandy, whiskey, rum, gin, wine, porter, ale, beer, all malt liquors, all fruits preserved in ardent spirits, all liquids, mixtures or preparations which will produce intoxication, all beverages containing more than 1/2 of 1 percent of alcohol by volume. The legislation also regulated pharmacists and how prescriptions were dispensed, as well as the use of alcohol by hotels, restaurants, hospitals, and \"social places.\"  Personal use was also allowed, with limits of either one quart of distilled liquor, three gallons of beer, or one gallon of wine per 30-day period. Items for personal use were shipped by common carrier, with a label clearly identifying the contents of the package including quantity and type of alcohol contained. \n","\nThe Prohibition Commission was charged with enforcing this law, with the Commissioner, deputies and inspectors having powers of sheriffs of the Commonwealth. These same personnel were also authorized to administer oaths, take affidavits, examine records and enter buildings with a warrant.  The Commission was to make reports to the judges of the circuit, corporate and hustings courts where such violations occurred. Due to a lack of funding, the Commission relied heavily on volunteer inspectors and informants. In the first report of the Prohibition Commission, J. Sidney Peters lists the inspectors as the following: 4 paid inspectors, 516 unpaid correspondents, and an unknown number of volunteers and informants.  \n","\nIn 1918, the revised Prohibition law was passed on 19 March. The revision expanded the definition of ardent spirits to include absinth, all malt beverages, alcoholic bitters, and all compounds and mixtures containing any of the ardent spirits listed in the act. Also, the new act required the issuance of transportation permits for ardent spirits. Permits were issued to qualified applicants for one of four purposes: mechanical, medicinal, sacramental and scientific. The 1918 act also specifically mentions stills and that it was \"unlawful for any person except duly licensed druggists, hospitals and laboratories, in this State to own or have in his possession any still, still cap, worm, tub, fermenter or any of them or any other appliances connected with a still and used, or mash or other substances, capable of being used in the manufacture of ardent spirits.\" An exception to this was those people who were authorized by and registered with the Prohibition Commission, and who prominently displayed their permit to operate the still. The authority of the inspectors was also expanded to include the authority to \"enter freight yards, passenger depots, baggage and storage rooms of any common carrier and may enter any train, baggage express, Pullman, or freight car and any boat, automobile, or other conveyance, whether of like kind or not, where there is reason to believe that the law relating to ardent spirits is being violated.\" \n","\nOn 16 January 1920, the 18th amendment of the United States Constitution became effective, and the focus of the efforts of the Virginia Prohibition Commission shifted from the importation of ardent spirits from nearby localities to the illegal production of ardent spirits - specifically corn whiskey, commonly known as moonshine. The Commission was able to increase the number of salaried and commissioned inspectors, who often worked with federal authorities to seek out and destroy these operations, and prosecute the operators of these illegal stills. This was in addition to the other enforcement tasks of the Commission - the issuance of transportation permits, licensing of pharmacists and others utilizing alcohol in their profession, and the monitoring of the stock of ardent spirits in pharmacies. \n","\nIn 1920, the Virginia General Assembly further revised the Virginia Prohibition law with the most sweeping changes being to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner. The General Assembly was given power to elect a Commissioner of Prohibition, who was given a two-year term. This change to the office of the Prohibition Commissioner was partly due to the public outcry regarding the leadership of J. Sidney Peters, the first Prohibition Commissioner. A member of the clergy and an avid supporter of the temperance and prohibition movements, Peters' approach to the investigation and enforcement of the Prohibition laws was met with intense criticism. In 1920, Harry B. Smith was named the second Commissioner of Prohibition by the General Assembly, and Smith sought to repair the image of the Commission. The office of the Commissioner of Prohibition was abolished effective 30 August 1922, and responsibilities for the Commission fell to the Department of Prohibition within the Office of the Attorney General. The Attorney General, John R. Saunders, further sought to improve the image and morale of the Department and ensure fair, honest and respectable means to enforce the prohibition laws\n","\nOn 5 December 1933, the repeal of the 18th amendment was completed with the ratification of the 21st amendment to the United States Constitution. This presented a number of challenges for the Department of Prohibition, as there was no other organization within state government to regulate the transportation, production and sale of alcohol. The Department continued to issue transportation permits and seek out illegal stills until the establishment of the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control in 1934. The Office of the Dept. of Prohibition was abolished on 22 March 1934. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Virginia Prohibition Commission. Records, 1916-1934. Accession 42740. State Government Records Collection. The Library of Virginia. Richmond, Va. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe records of the Virginia Prohibition Commission are housed in 203 boxes totaling 179.93 cu. ft and 2 volumes. The records are divided into seven (7) series. I. Applications and Personnel Files, 1916-1934; II. Correspondence, 1916-1934; III. Financial and Administrative Records, 1916-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; IV. Inspectors' Reports, 1918-1934; V. Permits, 1918-1934; VI. Licenses and Bonds, 1918-1934 [bulk 1926-1934]; and VII. Index Card Files, undated. These records document the enforcement of state and federal prohibition laws and include annual reports, bonds, checkbooks, correspondence, insurance policies, inventories, journals, ledgers, memos, payroll records, permits, receipts, reports and vouchers. \n","\nFollowing is a brief overview and some highlights of the collection. A more in-depth description of the collection can be found in the Series and Sub-series level description. It is recommended that the researcher read the Series level descriptions thoroughly before accessing the collection.\n","\nThe Inspectors' Reports (Series IV) provide varying levels of detail regarding the activities of this position. The more detailed reports include details regarding the investigation, property seizures including valuations, and daily expenses. These reports coupled with correspondence from citizens in various localities give an excellent picture of the investigation process from the initial \"tip\" from concerned citizens to the arrest of parties involved. \n","\nThe Application and Personnel Files (Series I) are restricted through 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected information. While the Application and Personnel files were maintained separately, there is a great deal of overlap between the two sets of files, which led to the restriction on both series. Of interest in these files is correspondence related to complaints against the inspectors, the appointment process for inspectors, and details regarding incidents involving inspectors - sometimes involving injury or death. \n","\nIn the Correspondence series (Series II), items of interest include correspondence with the attorney general including the text of opinions, and correspondence with the governor including correspondence regarding pardons for prohibition offenses. Also, in the correspondence and administrative files are details regarding the daily operation of the office of the Prohibition Commission. \n","\nTransportation Permits (Series V) were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution  and the end of the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the default purpose of use) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board in 1934.  Of particular interest in the permit series is correspondence regarding the 1918 influenza epidemic with requests for permits for medicinal alcohol. The permit series also yields information regarding the status of women in business and medicine, as well as the establishment of chains of drug stores. \n","\nThe original organization of the collection was maintained as best as possible. However, a tremendous amount of material was misfiled, some of which was discovered at the conclusion of processing, which accounts for the boxes which contain the letter 'A' in the box number. Please note, for example, that correspondence related to the federal legislation legalizing beer of no more than 3.2% alcohol is a separate subseries from the general correspondence. This is the result of attempting to maintain the physical separation of this correspondence as maintained in the office of the Prohibition Commission. Another example is that of box 6A, Applications. These records were located following the conclusion of processing, and were placed here rather than interfiling. This arrangement reflects the original order of the collection and is an indication of the original arrangement of these records.\n","\nThere are a great number of misspellings by the office staff - particularly in the permit series. While an attempt has been made to correct the spelling errors, not all of the errors were confirmed. Therefore some known errors were maintained as they appear in the original document. \n","\nPlease note that the collection is not complete. Groups of absent records include: In Series IV. Inspectors' Reports: A - O, April - September 1931; In Series V, Permits:  A - U, May 1923 - April 1924, Q-V January - June 1929, the majority of W, January - June 1929, and X-Z, January - June 1929. The financial series is comprised mainly of records from 1926 to 1934, with some earlier records being present as well. \n","\nContains letters of application, references, and correspondence with applicants for positions within the Prohibition Commission. Positions applied for include Prohibition Inspector, Attorney, and clerical staff. Please note: this series contains application files for individuals who may have been in the service of the department either before or following the dates covered by these folders. Inclusion in this series does not imply that the individual was never in the employ or service of the Prohibition Commission.\n\t"," Contains personnel files and related information such as letter of commission to office, and correspondence with the Attorney General, in addition to applications, and references for positions within the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","\nContains correspondence, memoranda, and other materials related to the daily operations of the Prohibition Commission.\n","\nContains general correspondence and subject files related to the operations of the department including reports from court clerks and local sheriffs, correspondence and opinions from the Attorney General's office, correspondence from the Governor's office regarding pardons and other matters, as well as correspondence with federal authorities, and local commonwealth's attorneys. Topics addressed include the handling of ardent spirits, automobiles, permits and complaints received by the department. Includes correspondence, reports, invoices, form letters, and inventories.\n\t","\nContains correspondence and opinions regarding the possession, transport, and consumption of beer. The correspondence is the result of the passage of the Blaine Law, which legalized beer containing 3.2% alcohol (3.2% by weight/4% by volume). The Blaine law went into effect in February 1933.  \n\t","Contains administrative and financial records related to the daily operations of the Virginia Prohibition Commission. \n","This sub-series contains vouchers, receipts, expense reports, and ledgers documenting the financial affairs of the Prohibition Commission.  Of particular interest are the travel expense reports of the Prohibition Inspectors, providing an overview of the inspector's travels and activities.  The reports vary in detail from only naming the locale they were in on a particular day, to a one or two sentence description of activities during that day.  Also of interest are receipts for the purchase of the automobiles used by the inspectors, and documentation concerning the wages of each employee of the Prohibition Commission. \n\t","The vouchers from July 1927 to September 1929 (Boxes 42 and 43), as received, were arranged differently from the other receipts in the series.  As there was no apparent organization in this set of records, an alphabetical arrangement by vendor name was constructed, as no voucher numbers were present.  \n\t","\nPlease note that this series is incomplete and that there are several gaps in coverage of material in this series. \n\t","Contains personnel, budget, insurance and equipment information of the Prohibition Commission. Includes annual reports, correspondence, reports, insurance documents, and forms. \n\t","Contains daily reports of inspectors documenting persons arrested, items seized, and expense information.  On many of the reports, the Commission secretary made notes on the reports, especially concerning the date.  It appears that the \"correction\" of date information was made for statistical purposes, as some inspectors would send a group of reports spanning several months at one time.  Early reports were written accounts in narrative form while later accounts were on a standardized form supplied by the Commission.  The original order of the collection was maintained, with the reports being kept by time period (usually six months, sometimes longer) with an alphabetical organization within the dates specified.  Please note that the following reports are missing: all reports from October 1929 to March 1930, with the exception of one report; and reports from inspectors with last names from A to P, during the period from April to October 1931, again with one exception.   \n","","Contains correspondence and requests for transportation permits for \"ardent spirits\" and other types of alcohol, which were dispensed for medicinal, mechanical, sacramental or scientific purposes. Of particular interest are references to the 1918 influenza epidemic, the entrance of corporate chain stores, and women physicians and entrepreneurs.\n","Transportation permits were issued following the passage of the 1918 Prohibition Act, which regulated the transport of alcohol within the boundaries of the Commonwealth. Following the repeal of the 18th Amendment of the United States Constitution ending the national prohibition on alcohol, the Prohibition Commission continued to issue transportation permits (citing \"medicinal\" as the purpose of use for the majority of cases) until the establishment of the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Board in 1934.\n","","Contains application materials for licenses and bonds for the manufacture, use, and sale of alcohol. Applicants include colleges, druggists, hospitals, manufacturers, wholesalers and various retail establishments. Later correspondence includes the return of bonds to the applicants following the repeal of the 18th amendment.\n","","Contains reference card files on the topics of qualified medical and dental personnel, the status of requests for pardons, and a general correspondence index. Note that some materials may overlap with those found in the Series III.B: Administrative Records.\n","","Two boxes found in 2022. Records correspond with material found in three original series: Series I: Applications and Personnel Files, Series II: Correspondence, and Series III: Financial and Administrative Records. Records kept together in a new seperate series to respect provenance of the collection's process.\n",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Materials in the Applications and Personnel File series are restricted until 31 March 2009 due to the presence of privacy-protected materials.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":15865,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01055_c02_c01_c781"}},{"id":"vi_vi00155_c26","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"z: Lund Washington, Mount Vernon, to\n               General George Washington, \n               4 March 1778","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00155_c26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00155_c26","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00155_c26"],"id":"vi_vi00155_c26","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00155","_root_":"vi_vi00155","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00155","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00155","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00155"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00155"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"text":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790","z: Lund Washington, Mount Vernon, to\n               General George Washington, \n               4 March 1778"],"title_filing_ssi":"Lund Washington, Mount Vernon, to\n               General George Washington, \n                4 March 1778","title_ssm":["z: Lund Washington, Mount Vernon, to\n               General George Washington, \n               4 March 1778"],"title_tesim":["z: Lund Washington, Mount Vernon, to\n               General George Washington, \n               4 March 1778"],"normalized_title_ssm":["z: Lund Washington, Mount Vernon, to\n               General George Washington, \n               4 March 1778"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"extent_ssm":["3 prints."],"extent_tesim":["3 prints."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":26,"_nest_path_":"/components#25","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:11:00.916Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00155","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00155","_root_":"vi_vi00155","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00155","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00155.xml","title_ssm":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"title_tesim":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["24160"],"text":["24160","Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790","Positive\n         photostats, 161 leaves","There are no restrictions.","Arranged chronologically.","Lund Washington was born 21 October 1737 in Stafford\n         County, Virginia, to Townshend and Elizabeth Lund Washington.\n         Lund Washington managed Mount Vernon for his cousin George\n         Washington (1732-1799) while the latter was away. Lund\n         Washington bought his estate, \"Hayfield,\" from George\n         Washington in 1782. That same year he married Elizabeth Foote\n         (d. 1812) and they had two daughters who died young. Lund\n         Washington died in July 1796.","Letters, 1767-1790, from Lund Washington (1737-1796) of\n         Fairfax County, Virginia, to George Washington (1732-1799)\n         concerning Lund Washington's management of George Washington's\n         Mount Vernon Estate and other properties. Lund Washington\n         discusses agricultural conditions; George Washington's land\n         dealings; buying, selling, and health of slaves; construction\n         and repairs to farm building and the house; livestock,\n         especially horses; George Washington's tenants; conditions in\n         Alexandria and Fairfax County during the Revolution; Potomac\n         River defenses; and personal news. Lund Washington mentions\n         Martha Washington (1731-1802) several times.","There are no restrictions.","Oversize Box 7","English"],"unitid_tesim":["24160"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"collection_ssim":["Lund Washington Letters, \n         \n         1767-1790"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Lent for copying by the Mount Vernon Ladies'\n            Association, Mount Vernon, Virginia, per Dr. Gertrude R. B.\n            Richards, May 1954."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Positive\n         photostats, 161 leaves"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLund Washington was born 21 October 1737 in Stafford\n         County, Virginia, to Townshend and Elizabeth Lund Washington.\n         Lund Washington managed Mount Vernon for his cousin George\n         Washington (1732-1799) while the latter was away. Lund\n         Washington bought his estate, \"Hayfield,\" from George\n         Washington in 1782. That same year he married Elizabeth Foote\n         (d. 1812) and they had two daughters who died young. Lund\n         Washington died in July 1796.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lund Washington was born 21 October 1737 in Stafford\n         County, Virginia, to Townshend and Elizabeth Lund Washington.\n         Lund Washington managed Mount Vernon for his cousin George\n         Washington (1732-1799) while the latter was away. Lund\n         Washington bought his estate, \"Hayfield,\" from George\n         Washington in 1782. That same year he married Elizabeth Foote\n         (d. 1812) and they had two daughters who died young. Lund\n         Washington died in July 1796."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLund Washington Letters, 1767-1790.  Accession 24160, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lund Washington Letters, 1767-1790.  Accession 24160, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1767-1790, from Lund Washington (1737-1796) of\n         Fairfax County, Virginia, to George Washington (1732-1799)\n         concerning Lund Washington's management of George Washington's\n         Mount Vernon Estate and other properties. Lund Washington\n         discusses agricultural conditions; George Washington's land\n         dealings; buying, selling, and health of slaves; construction\n         and repairs to farm building and the house; livestock,\n         especially horses; George Washington's tenants; conditions in\n         Alexandria and Fairfax County during the Revolution; Potomac\n         River defenses; and personal news. Lund Washington mentions\n         Martha Washington (1731-1802) several times.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters, 1767-1790, from Lund Washington (1737-1796) of\n         Fairfax County, Virginia, to George Washington (1732-1799)\n         concerning Lund Washington's management of George Washington's\n         Mount Vernon Estate and other properties. Lund Washington\n         discusses agricultural conditions; George Washington's land\n         dealings; buying, selling, and health of slaves; construction\n         and repairs to farm building and the house; livestock,\n         especially horses; George Washington's tenants; conditions in\n         Alexandria and Fairfax County during the Revolution; Potomac\n         River defenses; and personal news. Lund Washington mentions\n         Martha Washington (1731-1802) several times."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eOversize Box 7\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Oversize Box 7"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":45,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:11:00.916Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00155_c26"}},{"id":"vi_vi00163_c01_c920","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Z\" - Misc.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00163_c01_c920#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00163_c01_c920","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00163_c01_c920"],"id":"vi_vi00163_c01_c920","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00163","_root_":"vi_vi00163","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00163_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00163_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00163","vi_vi00163_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00163","vi_vi00163_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997","Series I: Family Research\n               Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997","Series I: Family Research\n               Files"],"text":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997","Series I: Family Research\n               Files","\"Z\" - Misc.","Box 87","Folder \n                  8-9"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Z\" - Misc.","title_ssm":["\"Z\" - Misc."],"title_tesim":["\"Z\" - Misc."],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Z\" - Misc."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":921,"containers_ssim":["Box 87","Folder \n                  8-9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#919","timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:53:32.307Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00163","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00163","_root_":"vi_vi00163","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00163","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00163.xml","title_ssm":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997"],"title_tesim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["35743"],"text":["35743","Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997","43.325 cubic feet.\n         In part, photocopies.","There are no restrictions.","Organized into four series: I. Family Research Files. II.\n         Subject Files. III. Compilations. IV. Oversize Genealogical\n         Charts and Maps.","Katherine Gentry Bushman was born in Kansas City, Missouri\n         on 1 April 1919. She married William Bushman on 30 August 1947\n         in Jefferson City, Missouri. They moved to Staunton, Virginia,\n         in 1962. She was a professional genealogist, author, and local\n         historian, as well as a charter member of the Augusta County\n         Historical Society, one of its past presidents, and a former\n         editor of its publication. She was also past regent of the\n         Thomas Hughart Chapter of the Virginia Daughters of the\n         American Revolution. She died in Staunton on 9 December\n         1997.","Genealogical research files of Katherine G. Bushman,\n         including family research files, subject files, compilations,\n         and oversize genealogical charts and maps. The majority of the\n         collection are family research files containing correspondence\n         with clients for whom Bushman did research, as well as\n         genealogical notes abstracted from court records, including\n         deed books, order books, will books, and marriage records.\n         Patriotic organization applications, family group sheets,\n         extracts from published sources, Bible records, census\n         records, and genealogical charts also appear in these files.\n         There is a substantial amount of information on the Alexander,\n         Bell, Bushman, Craig, Curry, Davis, Fauber, Fulkerson,\n         Greaver, Hogshead, Kinkead, McCutchan, Polk, Rankin,\n         Robertson, Sheets, Steele, Tate, and Wilson families. Families\n         researched are from the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia,\n         including Augusta, Bath, Botetourt, Rockbridge, Rockingham,\n         and Shenandoah Counties, as well as the cities of\n         Harrisonburg, Lexington, Staunton, and Waynesboro. There is a\n         surname card index to these materials filed at the end of the\n         series.","The subject files document Bushman's interests in genealogy\n         and local history. There is information on her involvement in\n         the Augusta County Historical Society, including her work as\n         editor of its publication, as well her membership in the\n         Daughters of the American Revolution. There are also\n         transcripts of court records, correspondence, information on\n         old homes, towns, and villages of Augusta County, tombstone\n         inscriptions, extracts from published sources, and other\n         historical information.","The compilations are printed sources that are both\n         published and unpublished. They include family and local\n         histories, as well as abstracts and indexes to court records,\n         church records, and military records. These were compiled by\n         Bushman and others.","There are no restrictions.","Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 35743.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["35743"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, \n         \n         1961-1997"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of William Bushman, Staunton, Virginia, 10 March\n            1998."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["43.325 cubic feet.\n         In part, photocopies."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into four series: I. Family Research Files. II.\n         Subject Files. III. Compilations. IV. Oversize Genealogical\n         Charts and Maps.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into four series: I. Family Research Files. II.\n         Subject Files. III. Compilations. IV. Oversize Genealogical\n         Charts and Maps."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Gentry Bushman was born in Kansas City, Missouri\n         on 1 April 1919. She married William Bushman on 30 August 1947\n         in Jefferson City, Missouri. They moved to Staunton, Virginia,\n         in 1962. She was a professional genealogist, author, and local\n         historian, as well as a charter member of the Augusta County\n         Historical Society, one of its past presidents, and a former\n         editor of its publication. She was also past regent of the\n         Thomas Hughart Chapter of the Virginia Daughters of the\n         American Revolution. She died in Staunton on 9 December\n         1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman was born in Kansas City, Missouri\n         on 1 April 1919. She married William Bushman on 30 August 1947\n         in Jefferson City, Missouri. They moved to Staunton, Virginia,\n         in 1962. She was a professional genealogist, author, and local\n         historian, as well as a charter member of the Augusta County\n         Historical Society, one of its past presidents, and a former\n         editor of its publication. She was also past regent of the\n         Thomas Hughart Chapter of the Virginia Daughters of the\n         American Revolution. She died in Staunton on 9 December\n         1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKatherine Gentry Bushman Papers, 1961-1997. Accession\n            35743, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Katherine Gentry Bushman Papers, 1961-1997. Accession\n            35743, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGenealogical research files of Katherine G. Bushman,\n         including family research files, subject files, compilations,\n         and oversize genealogical charts and maps. The majority of the\n         collection are family research files containing correspondence\n         with clients for whom Bushman did research, as well as\n         genealogical notes abstracted from court records, including\n         deed books, order books, will books, and marriage records.\n         Patriotic organization applications, family group sheets,\n         extracts from published sources, Bible records, census\n         records, and genealogical charts also appear in these files.\n         There is a substantial amount of information on the Alexander,\n         Bell, Bushman, Craig, Curry, Davis, Fauber, Fulkerson,\n         Greaver, Hogshead, Kinkead, McCutchan, Polk, Rankin,\n         Robertson, Sheets, Steele, Tate, and Wilson families. Families\n         researched are from the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia,\n         including Augusta, Bath, Botetourt, Rockbridge, Rockingham,\n         and Shenandoah Counties, as well as the cities of\n         Harrisonburg, Lexington, Staunton, and Waynesboro. There is a\n         surname card index to these materials filed at the end of the\n         series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subject files document Bushman's interests in genealogy\n         and local history. There is information on her involvement in\n         the Augusta County Historical Society, including her work as\n         editor of its publication, as well her membership in the\n         Daughters of the American Revolution. There are also\n         transcripts of court records, correspondence, information on\n         old homes, towns, and villages of Augusta County, tombstone\n         inscriptions, extracts from published sources, and other\n         historical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe compilations are printed sources that are both\n         published and unpublished. They include family and local\n         histories, as well as abstracts and indexes to court records,\n         church records, and military records. These were compiled by\n         Bushman and others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Genealogical research files of Katherine G. Bushman,\n         including family research files, subject files, compilations,\n         and oversize genealogical charts and maps. The majority of the\n         collection are family research files containing correspondence\n         with clients for whom Bushman did research, as well as\n         genealogical notes abstracted from court records, including\n         deed books, order books, will books, and marriage records.\n         Patriotic organization applications, family group sheets,\n         extracts from published sources, Bible records, census\n         records, and genealogical charts also appear in these files.\n         There is a substantial amount of information on the Alexander,\n         Bell, Bushman, Craig, Curry, Davis, Fauber, Fulkerson,\n         Greaver, Hogshead, Kinkead, McCutchan, Polk, Rankin,\n         Robertson, Sheets, Steele, Tate, and Wilson families. Families\n         researched are from the Shenandoah Valley region of Virginia,\n         including Augusta, Bath, Botetourt, Rockbridge, Rockingham,\n         and Shenandoah Counties, as well as the cities of\n         Harrisonburg, Lexington, Staunton, and Waynesboro. There is a\n         surname card index to these materials filed at the end of the\n         series.","The subject files document Bushman's interests in genealogy\n         and local history. There is information on her involvement in\n         the Augusta County Historical Society, including her work as\n         editor of its publication, as well her membership in the\n         Daughters of the American Revolution. There are also\n         transcripts of court records, correspondence, information on\n         old homes, towns, and villages of Augusta County, tombstone\n         inscriptions, extracts from published sources, and other\n         historical information.","The compilations are printed sources that are both\n         published and unpublished. They include family and local\n         histories, as well as abstracts and indexes to court records,\n         church records, and military records. These were compiled by\n         Bushman and others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003ePersonal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 35743.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 35743."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1048,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:53:32.307Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00163_c01_c920"}},{"id":"vi_vi04855_c01_c01_c552","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Z - Miscellaneous, \n\t\t1942.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c01_c01_c552#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c01_c01_c552","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04855_c01_c01_c552"],"id":"vi_vi04855_c01_c01_c552","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c01","vi_vi04855_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c01","vi_vi04855_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series I. Correspondence, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Correspondence, 1942."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series I. Correspondence, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Correspondence, 1942."],"text":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series I. Correspondence, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Correspondence, 1942.","Z - Miscellaneous, \n\t\t1942.","box 13","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Z - Miscellaneous, \n\t\t 1942 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["Z - Miscellaneous, \n\t\t1942."],"title_tesim":["Z - Miscellaneous, \n\t\t1942."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z - Miscellaneous, \n\t\t1942."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":554,"containers_ssim":["box 13","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#551","timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04855","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04855.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22499"],"text":["22499","Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;","Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.","Original folder titles have been retained.\n","This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"unitid_tesim":["22499"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22499 was transferred by the Virginia World War II History Commission on 8/10/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Subject Files, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV. History Files, undated;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XV. Photographs, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI. Posters, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal folder titles have been retained.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original folder titles have been retained.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirculars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePosters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"total_component_count_is":6843,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c01_c01_c552"}},{"id":"vi_vi04855_c01_c02_c728","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Z  - Miscellaneous,\n\t\t1943-1945.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c01_c02_c728#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c01_c02_c728","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04855_c01_c02_c728"],"id":"vi_vi04855_c01_c02_c728","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04855_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c01","vi_vi04855_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04855","vi_vi04855_c01","vi_vi04855_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","Series I. 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Correspondence, \n\t\t1942-1945.","Correspondence, 1943-1945.","Z  - Miscellaneous,\n\t\t1943-1945.","box 29","folder 33"],"title_filing_ssi":"Z  - Miscellaneous,\n\t\t 1943-1945 .\n\t\t","title_ssm":["Z  - Miscellaneous,\n\t\t1943-1945."],"title_tesim":["Z  - Miscellaneous,\n\t\t1943-1945."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z  - Miscellaneous,\n\t\t1943-1945."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1284,"containers_ssim":["box 29","folder 33"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#727","timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04855","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04855","_root_":"vi_vi04855","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04855","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04855.xml","title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944)."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22499"],"text":["22499","Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,","98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;","Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.","Original folder titles have been retained.\n","This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"unitid_tesim":["22499"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"collection_ssim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of Civilian Defense."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 22499 was transferred by the Virginia World War II History Commission on 8/10/1950"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["98.35 cu. ft. (314 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSeries I. Correspondence, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945; \u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Subject Files, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV. History Files, undated;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XV. Photographs, 1940-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI. Posters, 1941-1945;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;\u003c/item\u003e\n\t\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged by type of record and chronologically or alphabettically thereunder.","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Series I. Correspondence, 1942-1945;  Series II. Correspondence with Localities, 1942-1945;  Series III. Subject Files, 1942-1945; Series IV. Civilian Mobilization for War Services, 1942-1945; Series V. Civilian Protection, 1942-1945; Series VI. State Child Care Committee, 1942-1944; Series VII. Emergency Medical Services, 1941-1944; Series VIII. Evacuation Authority, 1942-1944; Series IX. Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities, 1942-1944; Series X. Transmissions and Directives from the Virginia Office Of Civilian Defense, 1942-1945; Series XI. Transmissions and Directives from the U.S. Office Of Civilian Defense, 1941-1945; Series XII. Financial Records, 1942-1946; Series XIII. Personnel Records, 1940-1945; Series XIV. History Files, undated; Series XV. Photographs, 1940-1945; Series XVI. Posters, 1941-1945; Series XVII. Published Materials, 1939-1947; Series XVIII. Virginia Defense Council, 1940-1942; Series XIX. Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, 1941-1942;"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGovernor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Governor James H. Price created the Virginia Defense Council in May 1940 by Executive Order to aid the National Defense Council by mobilizing the State's resources so that Virginia could effectively organize for protection in the event of an attack on American soil.  Colonel Mills F. Neal was appointed the first Coordinator, though he resigned in November of 1940 and was replaced by Brigadier General James A. Anderson.  J.H. Wyze was appointed Assistant Coordinator in January 1941.  Governor Price originially appointed ten members to the Council, though this number was later raised to sixteen members. The members of the Council represented activities across the state, including industry, labor, welfare, recreation, agriculture, transportation, education and the military.  The State was divided into eight Regional Defense Councils (Fredericksburg, Hampton Roads, Northern Virginia. Radford, Richmond-Petersburg-Hopewell, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont and Southwest Virginia) to assist in coordinating and managing defense activities across the state.  The Council and regional councils were advisory and had no administration authority.  The Virginia Defense Council established the Virginia Protective Force to take the place of the National Guard, which had been inducted into the Army; the Aircraft Warning Service; the Air Raid Warning System, with Warning and Control Centers; and Emergency Medical Services, which conducted surveys of medical facilities and personnel to assist in planning for medical services in case of emergency.  The Council and regional offices also organized auxilliary police and firemen, home nursing and nutrition classes, and resource conservation activities, and established Recreation Committees to support visiting soldiers.  Gen. Anderson resigned in August of 1941 and J. H. Wyze was appointed Acting Coordinator, and served in that capacity until the Virginia Defense Council was automatically dissolved on January 20, 1942, when Governor Price left office, though the Council remained active during an interim period between January 21-February 11, 1942.","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense was established by an Act of the General Assembly (Chap. 10, Acts of 1942, House Bill 209), on February 11, 1942. Governor Colgate Darden, Jr., appointed J. H. Wyse as State Coordinator with authority to administer Civilian Defense programs at the state level and to organize and direct local defense councils.  Rather than organize under the old regional system, the Office of Civilian Defense established local defense councils in counties, cities and incorporated towns throughout the state, with the mayor or chief executive officer as the director of the local council.  The Office coordinated the activities, services and programs of the local defense councils, but this system placed responsibility for civilian defense in the hands of local public officials.","Two major divisions of the Office of Civilian Defense were Civilian Protection and Civilian Mobilization for War Services.  Civilian Protection activities were carried out by U.S. Citizens Defense Corps and included Air Raid Wardens and Shelters, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Blackout testing, Decontamination Squads, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing Services, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Welfare Services, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Gas Program, Plant Protection, Road Repair Crews, and the State Evacuation Authority.  Civilian Mobilization for War Services was carried out by the U.S. Citizens Service Corps, which led efforts to keep the homefront strong in areas including Child Care, Consumer Programs, Health and Hospital Services, Housing Services, Library Services, Nutrition Services, Recreation and Youth Group Services, Salvage Programs, and War Bonds and Stamps.","With the defeat of Germany and Japan in 1945 the need for the office came to an end.  On November 19, 1945, Governor Darden issued an executive order abolishing the office effective January 1, 1946."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, 1939-1947 (bulk 1942-1944). Accession 22499, State government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal folder titles have been retained.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Original folder titles have been retained.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneral correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLocality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirculars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eData for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePosters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMinutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the activities of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (1942-1945), and also includes some records from the Virginia Defense Council (1940-1942), and the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council (1941 Dec-1942).  Virginia Office of Civilian Defense records include series for Correspondence, Subject files, Civilian Mobilization, Civilian Protection, State Child Care Committee, Emergency Medical Service, Evacuation Authority, Coordinator fo Negro Civilian Defense Activities, Transmissions and Directives, Financial and Personnel records, History files, Photographs, Posters and Published Materials.\n","This series is housed in 29 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by surname of correspondent or by company name.  These files consist of copies of the outgoing correspondence of the Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, J. H. Wyse, as well as correspondence from Wyse by others in the office, including J. Linwood Rice (Assistant to the Coordinator), Mary V. Marks (Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization), James F. Nicholas (Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities), and John Howard (Chief Air Raid Precautions, State Plant Coordinator), among others.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives and state and federal officials.","This series is housed in 65 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of locality, with counties, cities and towns being filed together in one sequence.  These files consist of incoming correspondence from localities, copies of the outgoing correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense, reports and may contain other types of attachments, including agendas, forms, meeting summaries, memoranda, newspaper clippings, press releases, publications.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  Most of the copies of outgoing correspondence can also be found in Series I. Correspondence. Outgoing correspondence, 1943-1945, also includes a notation on each letter as to where copies of the letters are also filed in the Subject Files series.  The majority of the correspondence is with local civilian defense council (CDC) representatives, but may also include correspondence with state government and federal government officials. The locality correspondence files are also further sub-divided into categories for General correspondence, Civilian Mobilization correspondence, and Civilian Protection correspondence.","The majority of the the correspondence from the Office of Civilian Defense comes from J. H. Wyse, Coordinator; John J. Howard, Director of Air Raid Precautions and State Plant Protection Officer; Mary Marks, Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization; and James F. Nicholas, Supervisor of Negro Civilian Defense Activities.","General correspondence topics may include administrative activities, African American participation, appointments, compensation, conferences, field visits, insignia, meetings, organization, personnel, publications, publicity, Red Cross, service awards, and speaking engagements.","Civilian Mobilization correspondence topics may include appointments, block plans, car sharing,  child care, Citizen Service Corps, conservation of critical resources, education, field visits, food preservation, Invasion Day, Junior Citizen Service Corps, nutrition, Office of Price Administration, organization summaries and charts, rationing (food, mileage, point), recreation, salvage, training, victory gardens, war bonds, and the War Fund.","Civilian Protection correspondence topics may include air raid precautions(blackouts, dim outs, equipment, signals, warning districts and warning systems), auxiliary services (fire, police, emergency medical), bomb reconnaissance, civilian protection reporting, federal equipment (borrowing, leasing, using), gas specialists, pennants, plant protection and security programs.","The Defense Act required that local councils of defense be established in each county, city and town in the state and provided that the mayor or chief executive of cities would be named director of the local defense council, and that county boards of supervisors would appoint the director-coordinator of each county defense council.  163 local defense councils in 100 counties, 24 cities, and 39 incorporated towns, covering the entire state were organized.","This series is housed in 66 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Files were kept separately for 1942 and for 1943-1945 (bulk 1943-1944) and that arrangement is reflected in this series.  The subject files include correspondence, publications, and reports on a variety of topics related to civilian defense in general, and specifically to the operation of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  Topics cover all aspects of civilian defense and include aircraft and air raid warning, blackouts, civilian defense, civilian mobilization, community organizations, directives, federal equipment, industry, insignia, medical services, procedures, publications, reporting, salvage, state and federal government, supplies, and transportation. The majority of the correspondence in this series are copies, with the original incoming correspondence located the correspondence series (Series I).","This series is housed in 16 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, newsletters, publications and reports. Topics that fall under Civilian Mobilization include agriculture, block leaders, child care, consumer interests, education, food preservation, health services, home demonstration, Junior Citizens Service Corps, nutrition, rationing, recreation and services for servicemen, recreation and youth group services, salvage, victory gardens, and war bonds and stamps.","Civilian Mobilization for War Services was organized to promote strong communities to back up military operations and morale.  The state office served as a coordination point for information and , planning and Mary V. Marks served as Supervisor of Civilian Mobilization from July 1942 to October 1944.  Local Chiefs of Civilian Mobilization were named in each locality to work with the state office and existing public and private agencies and other organizations within the community to meet local needs.  The U.S. Citizens Service Corps was organized to keep the home front strong by leading the fight against ineffiency, insecurity and poor health within the community. ","The Civilian Protection series is housed in 18 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by topic or locality.  The series includes sub-series for Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, and Civilian Defense Reports, 1942-1944. ","The U.S. Citizens Defense Corps was established in each local defense council with different units organized for the protection of life and property in the locality.  Some of these units included Air Raid Wardens, Aircraft Warning Service, Auxiliary Police, Auxiliary Firemen, Fire Guards, Forest Fire Fighters Service, Messengers, Decontamination Squads, Demolition and Clearance Crews, Drivers Corps, Emergency Food and Housing, Resuce Squads, Utility Repair Squads, and Road Repair Crews.  The Emergency Welfare Service was established in Feb 1943 to direct and supervise emergency welfare services of local defense councils, including emergency housing and feeding in the event of attack or other disaster.  Dr. William H. Stauffer of the State Dept. of Welfare was appointed State Chief of Emergency Welfare Services and superintendents were named in local target areas.","Correspondence and subject files, 1942-1945, are housed in 16 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Correspondence and subject files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, brochures, bulletins, communications, conference materials, invitations, lists, memoranda, minutes, newsletters, newspaper clippings, presentations, programs, publications and reports.  Topics may include aircraft warning service, air raid shelters, blackouts, chemical warfare, control centers, dimouts, emergency preparedness, federal equipment loaned, fire protection, plant protection, protection mobilization, security, and warning centers.  \n\t\t","Civilian Protection Reports, 1942-1944, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  The pre-printed report forms (OCD Form 1) document numbers of defense staff, and numberd of volunteers in defense and service corps, and and also report on the status of protection plans and preparations (air raid warning systems, blackout systems, and control centers).  This series of reports is not complete.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 6 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, publications and reports.  Some publications in the series pre-date 1942, but were collected after 1942.  Topics may include, but are not limited to: child care (facilities, training, operation), child welfare during wartime, counseling, day care and nursery schools for children of working mothers, extended school services, federal funds, surveys, and workshops.","The State Child Care Committee was organized under the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense to stimulate interest and understanding of child care needs in Virginia; to assist localities in planning a comprehensive program of services for the care of children; and to foster and promote the coordination of efforts among public and private agencies dealing with child care, particularly in those areas in which the needs have grown as a result of the increased employment of women.  The establishment of a state child care committee was a prerequisite to obtaining federal funds to care for the children of employed mothers.  The committee was tasked with determining the needs for child care; reviewing and passing local plans concerned with child care where federal funds were used from the the President's Emergency Fund; assisting in the organization of local child care committees under the local defense councils; serving as a clearinghouse for information on child care throughout the state, and interpreting and disseminating this information; and preparing plans and suggestions to promote the proper use of existing facilities to meet the increasing demand of proper child care for children during war time.","Members of the State Child Care Committee included: R.N. Anderson, State Dept. of Education; May O. Hankins, Children's Bureua of the the Dept. of Public Welfare; Dr. Lorin A. Thompson, State Planning Board; John Hopkins Hall, Labor Commissioner; Dr. A. L. Carson, Jr., Dept. of Health; Maude Wallace, VPI Extension Service; Frank A. Cavedo, U.S. Employment Office; and Mary V. Marks, State Office of Civilian Defense and Supervisor for Civilian Mobilization.  Etta Rose Bailey, State Board of Education, served as the Executive Officer of the Committee.  Others who were highly involved with the Committee include: M. Frances Cromwell, State Supervisor of Extended School Services; Ruth Henderson, Supervisor of Elementary Education for the State Board of Education; and Dr. Dabney s. Lancaster, Superintendent of Public Instruction for the State Board of Education.","This series is housed in 12 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for general correspondence, correspondence with localities, and subject files.   The majority of the correspondence is with Edgar C. Harper, MD, Deputy Chief of Emergency Medical Services, and Sarah R. Radcliffe, RN, Nurse Deputy of Emergency Medical Services and local civilian defense councils.  These files may include incoming and outgoing correspondence, bulletins, circulars, forms, incident reports, instructions, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, notices, oaths, orders, plans, publications, questionnaires/surveys and reports.  Topics include but are not limited to: Affiliated Hospital Units, appointments (Emergency Medical Officers and local Nurse Deputies), Army hotel hospitals, blood plasma, chemical warfare, emergency base hospitals, equipment and supplies, establishment of local units, evacuation of casualties, federal government, home nursing, hospitalization, medical field units, meetings, nursing aides, organization of EMS and nurse services, policies and procedures, recruitment of staff, and transportation.","Emergency Medical Services (EMS) was responsible for the organization and training of local emergency medical personnel, preparation of hospital facilities for providing medical services to casualties that may result from bombing or sabotage, evacuation of casualties, supplying blood plasma and other medical supplies and equipment, setting up emergency base hospitals, and furnishing medical teams to areas in distress.  EMS was also responsible for the preparation of plans designed to prevent or alleviate any medical or public health hazards to which the civilian population may be exposed, and acted as liaison with federal agencies concerned with public health and medical care.  EMS was led by Dr. I.C. Riggin, Chief Emergency Medical Services, Deputy Director E.C. Harper, Hospital Officer M.H. Coleman, and State Nurse Deputy Sarah R. Radcliffe, who assisted in providing nursing services for emergencies.  Local EMS plans consisted of field casualty service, casualty receiving hospitals, ambulance transport, and emergency base hospitals to receive patients transferred from casualty receiving hospitals.  Local Chiefs of Emergency Medical Services were appointed in localities and Emergency Medical Field Units organized personnel, transportation, medical and surgical equipment, casualty stations and first aid posts, decontamination stations, and rescue squads and stretcher teams.","Correspondence files, 1942-1944, consist of 2 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 5 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence.  Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically.","Subject files, 1942-1944, consist of 9 boxes and are arragned alphabetically by topic.","This State Evacuation Authority series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for subject files, locality files, correspondence, and evacuation facility files. These files include incoming and outgoing correspondence, forms, meeting records, maps, memoranda, minutes, news clippings, plans, publications and reports.","The State Evacuation Authority was created by Civlian Defense Executive Order No. 88 on August 12, 1942, to cooperate with national regional evacuation authorities and to establish evacuation programs in the state in the event of bombings or other disasters.  The Authority was charged with making surveys and plans and setting up area or local evacuation authorities in order to expedite the evacuation of the civilian population in case of attack or other emergency.  Concerns during an emergency evacuation including housing, medical assitance, and food for evacuees.  The Authority was also charged with cooperating with the federal government and act on their behalf in the expenditure of federal funds.  Members included Chairman, J. H. Wyse, State Office of Civilian Defense; Hon. Gordon B. Ambler, Director, Richmond Office of Civilian Defense; Brig. Gen. James A. Anderson, State Highway Commissioner; Dabney S. Lancaster, State Superintendent of Public Instruction; William L. Leap, General Field Representative, Eastern Area, American Red Cross; Raymond B. Long, Director, State Planning Board; Dr. William H. Stauffer, State Commissioner of Public Welfare; L. M. Walker, Jr., State Commissioner of Agriculture; Maude Wallace, Assistant Director, V.P.I. Extension Service; Brig. Gen. S. Gardner Waller, Adjutant General of Virginia and Major C. W. Woodson, Superintendent, Virginia State Police. ","Subject files, 1942-1943, are housed in 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by topic.  Includes of correspondence, maps, meeting records, minutes, plans, publications, and reports.  Topics include evacuation planning and logistics, area evacuation authorities, evacuation authorities in other states, housing, and meetings.\n\t\t","Locality files, 1943, consist of 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  Includes correspondence of Julian Brooks, Exective Officer of the Virginia Evacuation Authority, both incoming and copies of outgoing correspondence with local civilian defense councils. May also include a few publications, ephemera, maps, and proclamations.  Topics include facilities for evacuees, housing surveys, meeting planning and notes, organization of local evacuation committees, and various topics of local interest. \n\t\t","Correspondence, 1942-1944, is housed in 1 box and is arranged alphabetically by correspondent.  Correspondence is between Julian Brooks and Virginia Evacuation Authority members or other evacuation officials, and covers topics such as meetings, evacuation planning and organization, and publication distribution.\n\t\t","The Evacuation Facilities files, 1943, are house in 1 box and are arranged alphabetically by locality.  These files include correspondence, data and survey forms, maps and reports.  The majority of the correspondence is between Julian Brooks and local officals.  Data forms include information about a locality, including names of civilian defense officials, population, names of local government officials, and meeting notes.  American Red Cross survey forms of local chapter resources include address, population served, names of committee chairmen, and specific information about the Disaster Committee, and food, shelter, clothing, transportation and medicial aid organization, and personnel analysis.  Reports contain information about localities and facility capacity.\n\t\t","The Negro Civilian Defense Activities series is housed in 7 boxes and includes sub-series for correspondence with localities, and correspondence and subject files. These files were maintained by Coordinator James F. Nicholas and include incoming and outgoing correspondence, meeting and conference notes, memoranda, news clippings, publications and reports.  Topics include local representatives (appointments, recommendations, resignations), programming, reporting, training, meetings and prospective visits, and issues of local interest. Original folder titles have been retained.","Special interest items include: Program and Proceedings of the 38th Annual Session Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1942, and Program of the 39th Annual Gathering of The Grand United Order of Moses, Charlotte Court House, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 16); Program of the 66th Annual Celebration of the Emancipation of the Colored People in the USA (Emancipation Proclamation Association), Tappahannock, 1943 (Box 212, Folder 23); Pamphlet - Fairfax County Colored Citizens Assocaition, 1941 (Box 212, Folder 24); Program - Tenth Annual Commencement Exercises of the Medical College of Virginia, St. Philip School of Nursing, 1944 (Box 215, Folder 13); Pamphlet - The Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Dedication of Service Flag, Manassas Industrial School, 1943 (Box 215, Folder 13); Program - Thirtieth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society of Virginia, Chatham, 1942 (Box 215, Folder 15); Silver Jubilee Program of the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Negro Organization Society, Charlotte Court House, 1937 (Box 215, Folder 15); and Pamphlet - Negro Organization Society, n.d. (Box 215, Folder 15).","James F. Nicholas was appointed Coordinator of Negro Civilian Defense Activities in June of 1942 and tasked with coordinating African American participation in protective and war service activities.  He worked with local defense councils to secure African American represenation and to increase volunteer involvement in local war time endeavors.  He also worked closely with the Racial Relations Advisor of the Third Civilian Defense Region.  Nicholas resigned in August 1944 to take a position at Virginia State College.","Correspondence with localities, 1942-1944, consists of 3 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence. Counties, cities and towns are filed separately, with each being arranged alphabetically. \n\t\t","Correspondence and subject files, 1941-1944, consists of 4 boxes and includes incoming correspondence and copies of outgoing correspondence, lists, newsletters, reports, transmissions from the U.S. Office of Civilian Defense (bulletins, digest, notices, operations letters, orders) and the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense (correspondence, instructions, memoranda, publications, reports), topical files, and reports. Arranged alphabetically. Some items may pre-date 1942, but all files were created 1942-1944.\n\t\t","The Virginia Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives series is housed in 8 boxes and consists of official communications sent out by the VAOCD.  Includes bulletins, exectuive orders, informational memoranda, memoranda, operations letters and transmittal letters.","Bulletins, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and include communications sent by J. H. Wyze, State Coordinator.  The majority of the bulletins are addressed to local defense coordinators.  Arranged in bulletin number order. \n\t\t","Executive orders, 1942-1945, consist of 1 box and are arranged by order number. The executive orders are signed by Governor Colgate W. Darden, with the majority of the orders issued in 1942.  Topics include the establishment of local defense councils and metropolitan areas, air raids, blackouts, dimouts and evacuation authority. Executive order No. 91 has not been located.\n\t\t","Informational memoranda, 1942-1945, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged by memoranda number. The informational memoranda are from J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, or his designee, and are mainly directed towards executive officers, local directors and coordinators, and local government officials.  Several memoranda are missing from this sequence.  Also includes a chronological list of informational memoranda (1 v.)\n\t\t","Memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged chronologically. The memoranda are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors.  Some memoranda include referenced attachments.  It is not known why these particular memoranda were separated out and filed together as a series by the Office of Civilian Defense, as many other memoranda were also sent.\n\t\t","Operations procedures, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in procedure number order. The operation procedures are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These procedures include information on general operations and regulations, and any changes to those.\n\t\t","Transmittal letters, 1943-1944, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in letter number order. The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These directives are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Some letters include referenced attachments.\n\t\t","Transmittal memoranda, 1942-1943, are housed in 1 box and are arranged in memoranda number order. Only includes No. 16-20.  The transmittal letters are sent by J.H. Wyse, Coordinator of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and the majority are directed to local coordinators and directors. These memoranda are generally cover letters for other material, notices of shipments or an explanation of supplies or publications transmitted to local councils.  Referenced attachments are not included.\n\t\t","The U.S. Office of Civilian Defense Transmissions and Directives (USOCD) series is housed in 4 boxes and consists of official communications issued by the USOCD.  Includes administrative orders, bulletins, circulars, notices and opertions letters.","Administrative orders, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged in amendment number order.  The following administrative orders are not included in this series: 7, 8, 10, 17, 22, 28, 35, 36 and 37. \n\t\t","Bulletins, 1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of bulletin, and by bulletin number thereunder.  Includes general, protection and war services bulletins.  Incomplete series.  Bulletins replaced operations letters nad circulars  on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Circulars, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged by type of circular, and by circular number thereunder.  Includes general, medical, mobilization, protection and war service series of circulars.  Incomplete series.  Circulars were replaced by bulletins on April 13, 1944.\n\t\t","Manual, 1943, consists 1 compiled volume and includes circulars, memoranda, regulations, instructions and forms related to federal equipment and the duties of property officers.\n\t\t","Notices, 1942-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged chronologically.\n\t\t","Operations letters, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged numerically by letter number.\n\t\t","Financial records, 1942-1946, are housed in 2 boxes and document fiscal matters related to the Office of Civilian Defense, including appropriations, budgeting and expeditures.  Includes allotments, budgets, correspondence, instructions, ledgers, memoranda, published material and reports. ","Personnel records, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and arranged alphabetically.  These records document personnel and compensation responsibilites of the Office of Civilian Defense, including hiring, payroll, salaries and benefits, and resignations.  Includes applications, correspondence, forms, memoranda, procedures, publicationas, reports, rules, and regulations. ","History files are housed in 3 boxes and provide a chronology and narrative account of the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.  This series includes A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, and the multi-part Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, which is divided into nine books and also includes draft files.  The history is divided into three distinct periods: Period I, May 30, 1940-Jan 20 1942 (Virginia Defense Council); Period II, Jan 21-Feb 11, 1942 (Interim period); and Period III, Feb 11, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Virginia Office of Civilian Defense).  The history files cover organization, membership and staff of the Virginia Defense Council and Virginia Office of Civilian Defense and provide detailed summaries of activities and services.","A Brief History of Civilian Defense in Virginia, May 30, 1940-June 30, 1943, was compiled by Virginia Office of Civilian Defense staff and covers Period I, Period II, and the beginning of Period III. ","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 1 (p.1-129) covers Period I and includes chapters on Organization and Activities; Period II; and Period III, which includes chapters on Organization, U.S. Citizens Defense Corps.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 2 (p. 130-209) covers Period III and includes chapters on Other Activities, Air Raid Precautions, and State Control Center.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 3 (p. 210-367) covers Period III and includes Governor Darden's Executive Orders related to civilian defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 4 (p. 368-443) covers Period III, specifically Section II. Civilian Mobilization, and includes chapters on Civilian Mobilization and Negro Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 5 (p. 444-602) covers Period III and includes Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 6 (p. 603-649) covers Period III and includes Miscellaneous topics.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 7 (p. 650-772) covers Period III and includes Related Activities.","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 8 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes Information Memoranda issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, No. 86 (July 3, 1942) to No. 242 (July 8, 1944).","Data for History of Civilian Defense in Virginia: Book No. 9 (unnumbered) covers Period III and includes memoranda, bulletins, transmittal letters, and operations procedures issued by the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense.","Photographs, 1940-1945, are housed in 1 box and appear to be photographs that were used in the Civilian Defense newsletters.  When identified by individual, topic or poster title, photographs are in alphabetical order within each type, with miscellaneous, unidentified photographs being grouped together in the last folder. ","Posters, 1940-1945, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Includes posters, broadsides, and advertisements.","Published materials include books, brochures, bulletins, journals, newsletters, pamphelts, reprints of articles, and other publications.  These materials were boxes separately from the rest of the collection and other published materials can be found throughout the collection.","Brochures and pamphlets, 1941-1944, consist of 1 box and are arranged alphabetically. Includes educational and promotional brochures and pamphlets, as well as advertisements, recipe booklets and small informational broadsides.  These items were found loose at the end of the collection, but these types of materials are also found throughout the collection, especialy in the various subject files series.\n\t\t","Newsletters and journals, 1942-1944, are housed in 3 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. This collection of bulletins, journals, and newsletters was found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include articles of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other periodicals can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Publications, 1939-1947, are housed in 8 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. These publications were found boxed together at the end of the collection and presumeably include publications of interest to the Office of Civilian Defense.  Numerous other publications can be found filed throughout the entire collection.  See specific subject files of interest.\n\t\t","Scrapbooks, 1940-1945, are housed in 5 boxes and are arranged chronologically. These scrapbooks were maintained by the Virginia Defense Council and later the Virginia Office of Civilian Defense, and contain newspaper clippings of articles related to civilian defense activities from various newspapers throughout the state.\n\t\t","This series is housed in X boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, subject files, and minutes.","Correspondence files, 1940, consist of 1 box and include both incoming and outgoing correspondence of various Virginia Defense Council members, including Mills F. Neal, Coordinator of the Virginia Defense Council.\n\t\t","Correspondence files, 1940 Dec-1941 Dec, consist of 3 boxes and include of copies of outgoing correspondence from General James A. Anderson, Coordinator; and J. H. Wyse, Assistant Coordinator, and later Acting Coordinator.  Arranged alphabetically by the surname of the recipient.\n\t\t","Correspondence with Regional Defense Councils, 1941-1942, is housed in 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by name of defense council. Includes incoming and outgoing correspondence of J. H. Wyse, Acting Coordinator (later Coordinator of the Virginia Office Office of Civilian Defense), as well as memoranda and reports. \n\t\t","Memoranda, 1940-1942, are housed in 1 box and are arranged numerically by memoranda numer. Includes memoranda from the Virginia Defense Council Coordinator to all Virginia Defense Council members.\n\t\t","Minutes, 1940-1942, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged chronologically. Includes one volume of official minutes with attachements, and loose materials that include copies of minutes, drafts, memoranda, reports, agendas and newspaper clippings.  Includes minutes for the full Virginia Defense Council, as well as the Executive Committee.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1940-1941, are housed in 2 boxes and are arranged alphabetically. Files were kept separately for 1940 and for 1941 and that arrangement is reflected in this series.\n\t\t","This series is housed in 10 boxes and sub-series are arranged alphabetically.  This series includes sub-series for correspondence, correspondence with local councils, and subject files.  These files were kept by Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary of the Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council, between 1941 Dec and mid-1942, and appear to have been forwarded to Office of Civilian Defense.  The reason for this is unclear, as no other records kept by Region Defense Councils were found in this collection.","Correspondence files, 1941-1942, consists of 4 boxes and is arranged alphabetically.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence of Thomas P. Shelburne, Jr., Executive Secretary with local, state, and federal officials, as well as Southwest Virginia Regional Defense Council members and local area coordinators.  Topics include appointments, blackout ordinances, defense bonds and stamps, logistics, meetings, rationing, reporting, transition to new local defense council model, and other topics of local interest.  Files may also include reports and publications.\n\t\t","Correspondence with local councils, 1941-1942, consists of 2 boxes and is arranged alphabetically by local defense council.  Includes both incoming and outgoing correspondence between Thomas P. Shelburne, Executive Secretary, and local defense council coordinators.  The majority of the correspondence is related to administrative and logistical matters.  May slso include membership lists, organization charts, plans, precinct information, reports, and checklists for coordinators, which include detailed information about each local council.  Folder titles include the county, local area council and coordinator.\n\t\t","Subject files, 1941-1942, consist of 4 boxes and are arranged alphabetically.  These topical files include correspondence, lists, memoranda, minutes, publications, and reports.  Topics include civilian protection, coordination of local councils, health, rationing and salvage, among others. \n\t\t","There are 5 oversize boxes that consist of larger size materials pulled from throughout the collection.  Separation notices in collection will point to the correct oversize box."],"total_component_count_is":6843,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:02:27.500Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04855_c01_c02_c728"}},{"id":"vi_vi03307_c01_c248","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Z: Miscellaneous, \n\t1976-1980.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03307_c01_c248#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi03307_c01_c248","ref_ssm":["vi_vi03307_c01_c248"],"id":"vi_vi03307_c01_c248","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03307","_root_":"vi_vi03307","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03307_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi03307_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi03307","vi_vi03307_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi03307","vi_vi03307_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1976-1980."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1976-1980."],"text":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980","Series I. Correspondence and Subject Files, \n1976-1980.","Z: Miscellaneous, \n\t1976-1980.","box 9","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"Z: Miscellaneous, \n\t 1976-1980 .","title_ssm":["Z: Miscellaneous, \n\t1976-1980."],"title_tesim":["Z: Miscellaneous, \n\t1976-1980."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z: Miscellaneous, \n\t1976-1980."],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":249,"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#247","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:05:38.378Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03307","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03307","_root_":"vi_vi03307","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03307","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03307.xml","title_ssm":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980"],"title_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["31781\n"],"text":["31781\n","Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980","9 cu. ft. (9 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","Correspondence and Subject Files","This collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n","In 1970, the Governor's Management Commission Study recommended the creation of six \"Deputy Governors\" to assist the Chief Executive in his managerial duties. Compatible functions of government were grouped under these administrative heads, who would serve as the Governors top management team or \"secretariats,\" as they are called now. "," Governor Linwood Holton's top priority for the 1972 session of the General Assembly was a proposal for a Governor's Cabinet, reorganizing state agencies into six major departments--each headed by a secretary appointed by the governor. Transportation and public safety was one of these six departments. The office of Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was created on April 8, 1972, by an act passed by the General Assembly. Governor Holton appointed Wayne A. Whitham, a member of the Winchester City Council, as the first Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety. When Whitham took office on July 1, 1972, he was responsible for State Highway Commission, Division of Motor Vehicles, Department of State Police, Highway Safety Division, Office of Emergency Services, Department of Military Affairs, Virginia State Crime Commission and the Law Enforcement Officers Training Standards Commission. The Office has undergone a series of administrative reorganizations since. On April 12, 1976, the Legislature established separate secretariats for transportation and for public safety, effective July 1, 1976. On July 1, 1984, the offices were again combined. Most recently, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was divided into separate secretariats on February 22, 1990. The Secretary of Transportation is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, and is appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The Secretary is responsible to the governor for the Department of Transportation, Department of Rail and Public Transportation, Department of Aviation, Department of Motor Vehicles, Virginia Port Authority and the Motor Vehicle Dealers Board. ","Wayne A. Whitham, the first Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety, was reappointed by Governor-elect Miles E. Godwin, Jr., in December 1973 and by Governor-elect John N. Dalton in December 1977. Whitham suffered a heart attack in August 1978 and resigned in December 1978. On June 7, 1984, Whitham died in Richmond, Virginia. Governor Dalton named George M. Walters, a former top executive of the Reynolds Metals Corporation, to succeed Whitham as Secretary of Transportation. Walters served until the end of Dalton's term in January 1982. Governor-elect Charles S. Robb, the first Democrat to be elected governor since 1965, did not retain any of Dalton's cabinet secretaries. Robb appointed Andrew B. Fogarty, Dalton's assistant secretary for financial policy, as Secretary of Transportation. On July 1, 1984, the secretariats of transportation and public safety were combined again. As a result this partial reorganization of state government, Governor Robb appointed Fogarty Secretary of Administration and Franklin E. White, Secretary of Public Safety, assumed Fogarty's Transportation duties. White, who served as a White House liaison official under President Jimmy Carter, resigned in June 1985 to become the New York state commissioner of transportation. He was replaced by Andrew Fogarty who served until the end of the Robb administration. He later served as Governor Gerald L. Baliles chief of staff from August 1986 to October 1989 when he resigned to become a vice president with CSX Corporation. ","In December 1985, Governor-elect Gerald L. Baliles, picked Vivian E. Watts, a northern Virginia legislator, as Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety. Watts served until the end of Baliles' term in 1990. In 1995 she was elected to her old seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. On February 22, 1990, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was divided into separate secretariats. Governor L. Douglas Wilder, appointed John G. Milliken, a member of the Arlington County Board of Supervisors, as the Secretary of Transportation. Milliken resigned on December 17, 1993. "," In February 1994 Governor George Allen, the first Republican elected governor since 1977, appointed Robert Martinez as Secretary of Transportation. Martinez was born in Cuba and had served as Deputy Administrator for the Marine Administration and Associate Deputy Secretary of Transportation during President George H.W. Bush's administration. At the end of Governor Allen's term in January 1998, Martinez joined the Norfolk Southern Corporation. Shirley Ybarra, deputy Secretary of Transportation in the Allen administration, was named Martinez's successor by Governor-elect James Gilmore. Ybarra previously worked as a special assistant to Transportation Secretary Elizabeth Dole during President Ronald Reagan's administration. Ybarra served until the end of Gilmore's administration in January 2002. Whittington W. Clement, a former lawyer and long-time member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing the City of Danville, was appointed Secretary of Transportation by Governor Mark R. Warner in 2002. Pierce R. Homer, Deputy Secretary of Transportation, replaced Clement in 2005.\n","This collection has been processed using minimal processing standards: the original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.","Material found loose in the boxes was foldered and given a title determined by the archivist. In cases where folder titles were inaccurate, the titles have been corrected to more adequately describe the material.\n","Contains files pertaining to Virginia transportation concerns.  This collection contains Federal, Personnel, Rail, Legislation, as well as, Correspondence and Subject Files.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["31781\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980"],"collection_title_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980"],"collection_ssim":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation,\n1976-1980"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of Transportation\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. Office of the Secretary of Transportation\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 31781 was transfered from the Office of the Secretary of Transportation on 27 May 1983.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["9 cu. ft. (9 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence and Subject Files\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","Correspondence and Subject Files","This collection is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1970, the Governor's Management Commission Study recommended the creation of six \"Deputy Governors\" to assist the Chief Executive in his managerial duties. Compatible functions of government were grouped under these administrative heads, who would serve as the Governors top management team or \"secretariats,\" as they are called now. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Governor Linwood Holton's top priority for the 1972 session of the General Assembly was a proposal for a Governor's Cabinet, reorganizing state agencies into six major departments--each headed by a secretary appointed by the governor. Transportation and public safety was one of these six departments. The office of Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was created on April 8, 1972, by an act passed by the General Assembly. Governor Holton appointed Wayne A. Whitham, a member of the Winchester City Council, as the first Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety. When Whitham took office on July 1, 1972, he was responsible for State Highway Commission, Division of Motor Vehicles, Department of State Police, Highway Safety Division, Office of Emergency Services, Department of Military Affairs, Virginia State Crime Commission and the Law Enforcement Officers Training Standards Commission. The Office has undergone a series of administrative reorganizations since. On April 12, 1976, the Legislature established separate secretariats for transportation and for public safety, effective July 1, 1976. On July 1, 1984, the offices were again combined. Most recently, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was divided into separate secretariats on February 22, 1990. The Secretary of Transportation is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, and is appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The Secretary is responsible to the governor for the Department of Transportation, Department of Rail and Public Transportation, Department of Aviation, Department of Motor Vehicles, Virginia Port Authority and the Motor Vehicle Dealers Board. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWayne A. Whitham, the first Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety, was reappointed by Governor-elect Miles E. Godwin, Jr., in December 1973 and by Governor-elect John N. Dalton in December 1977. Whitham suffered a heart attack in August 1978 and resigned in December 1978. On June 7, 1984, Whitham died in Richmond, Virginia. Governor Dalton named George M. Walters, a former top executive of the Reynolds Metals Corporation, to succeed Whitham as Secretary of Transportation. Walters served until the end of Dalton's term in January 1982. Governor-elect Charles S. Robb, the first Democrat to be elected governor since 1965, did not retain any of Dalton's cabinet secretaries. Robb appointed Andrew B. Fogarty, Dalton's assistant secretary for financial policy, as Secretary of Transportation. On July 1, 1984, the secretariats of transportation and public safety were combined again. As a result this partial reorganization of state government, Governor Robb appointed Fogarty Secretary of Administration and Franklin E. White, Secretary of Public Safety, assumed Fogarty's Transportation duties. White, who served as a White House liaison official under President Jimmy Carter, resigned in June 1985 to become the New York state commissioner of transportation. He was replaced by Andrew Fogarty who served until the end of the Robb administration. He later served as Governor Gerald L. Baliles chief of staff from August 1986 to October 1989 when he resigned to become a vice president with CSX Corporation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1985, Governor-elect Gerald L. Baliles, picked Vivian E. Watts, a northern Virginia legislator, as Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety. Watts served until the end of Baliles' term in 1990. In 1995 she was elected to her old seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. On February 22, 1990, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was divided into separate secretariats. Governor L. Douglas Wilder, appointed John G. Milliken, a member of the Arlington County Board of Supervisors, as the Secretary of Transportation. Milliken resigned on December 17, 1993. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In February 1994 Governor George Allen, the first Republican elected governor since 1977, appointed Robert Martinez as Secretary of Transportation. Martinez was born in Cuba and had served as Deputy Administrator for the Marine Administration and Associate Deputy Secretary of Transportation during President George H.W. Bush's administration. At the end of Governor Allen's term in January 1998, Martinez joined the Norfolk Southern Corporation. Shirley Ybarra, deputy Secretary of Transportation in the Allen administration, was named Martinez's successor by Governor-elect James Gilmore. Ybarra previously worked as a special assistant to Transportation Secretary Elizabeth Dole during President Ronald Reagan's administration. Ybarra served until the end of Gilmore's administration in January 2002. Whittington W. Clement, a former lawyer and long-time member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing the City of Danville, was appointed Secretary of Transportation by Governor Mark R. Warner in 2002. Pierce R. Homer, Deputy Secretary of Transportation, replaced Clement in 2005.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1970, the Governor's Management Commission Study recommended the creation of six \"Deputy Governors\" to assist the Chief Executive in his managerial duties. Compatible functions of government were grouped under these administrative heads, who would serve as the Governors top management team or \"secretariats,\" as they are called now. "," Governor Linwood Holton's top priority for the 1972 session of the General Assembly was a proposal for a Governor's Cabinet, reorganizing state agencies into six major departments--each headed by a secretary appointed by the governor. Transportation and public safety was one of these six departments. The office of Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was created on April 8, 1972, by an act passed by the General Assembly. Governor Holton appointed Wayne A. Whitham, a member of the Winchester City Council, as the first Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety. When Whitham took office on July 1, 1972, he was responsible for State Highway Commission, Division of Motor Vehicles, Department of State Police, Highway Safety Division, Office of Emergency Services, Department of Military Affairs, Virginia State Crime Commission and the Law Enforcement Officers Training Standards Commission. The Office has undergone a series of administrative reorganizations since. On April 12, 1976, the Legislature established separate secretariats for transportation and for public safety, effective July 1, 1976. On July 1, 1984, the offices were again combined. Most recently, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was divided into separate secretariats on February 22, 1990. The Secretary of Transportation is a member of the Governor's Cabinet, and is appointed by the governor, subject to confirmation by the General Assembly. The Secretary is responsible to the governor for the Department of Transportation, Department of Rail and Public Transportation, Department of Aviation, Department of Motor Vehicles, Virginia Port Authority and the Motor Vehicle Dealers Board. ","Wayne A. Whitham, the first Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety, was reappointed by Governor-elect Miles E. Godwin, Jr., in December 1973 and by Governor-elect John N. Dalton in December 1977. Whitham suffered a heart attack in August 1978 and resigned in December 1978. On June 7, 1984, Whitham died in Richmond, Virginia. Governor Dalton named George M. Walters, a former top executive of the Reynolds Metals Corporation, to succeed Whitham as Secretary of Transportation. Walters served until the end of Dalton's term in January 1982. Governor-elect Charles S. Robb, the first Democrat to be elected governor since 1965, did not retain any of Dalton's cabinet secretaries. Robb appointed Andrew B. Fogarty, Dalton's assistant secretary for financial policy, as Secretary of Transportation. On July 1, 1984, the secretariats of transportation and public safety were combined again. As a result this partial reorganization of state government, Governor Robb appointed Fogarty Secretary of Administration and Franklin E. White, Secretary of Public Safety, assumed Fogarty's Transportation duties. White, who served as a White House liaison official under President Jimmy Carter, resigned in June 1985 to become the New York state commissioner of transportation. He was replaced by Andrew Fogarty who served until the end of the Robb administration. He later served as Governor Gerald L. Baliles chief of staff from August 1986 to October 1989 when he resigned to become a vice president with CSX Corporation. ","In December 1985, Governor-elect Gerald L. Baliles, picked Vivian E. Watts, a northern Virginia legislator, as Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety. Watts served until the end of Baliles' term in 1990. In 1995 she was elected to her old seat in the Virginia House of Delegates. On February 22, 1990, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Safety was divided into separate secretariats. Governor L. Douglas Wilder, appointed John G. Milliken, a member of the Arlington County Board of Supervisors, as the Secretary of Transportation. Milliken resigned on December 17, 1993. "," In February 1994 Governor George Allen, the first Republican elected governor since 1977, appointed Robert Martinez as Secretary of Transportation. Martinez was born in Cuba and had served as Deputy Administrator for the Marine Administration and Associate Deputy Secretary of Transportation during President George H.W. Bush's administration. At the end of Governor Allen's term in January 1998, Martinez joined the Norfolk Southern Corporation. Shirley Ybarra, deputy Secretary of Transportation in the Allen administration, was named Martinez's successor by Governor-elect James Gilmore. Ybarra previously worked as a special assistant to Transportation Secretary Elizabeth Dole during President Ronald Reagan's administration. Ybarra served until the end of Gilmore's administration in January 2002. Whittington W. Clement, a former lawyer and long-time member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing the City of Danville, was appointed Secretary of Transportation by Governor Mark R. Warner in 2002. Pierce R. Homer, Deputy Secretary of Transportation, replaced Clement in 2005.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation, 1976-1980. Accession 31781, State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Correspondence and Subject Files of the Virginia Secretary of Transportation, 1976-1980. Accession 31781, State Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been processed using minimal processing standards: the original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial found loose in the boxes was foldered and given a title determined by the archivist. In cases where folder titles were inaccurate, the titles have been corrected to more adequately describe the material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection has been processed using minimal processing standards: the original arrangement has been maintained, the container list is brief and simple, and the records have not been refoldered and fasteners have not been removed.","Material found loose in the boxes was foldered and given a title determined by the archivist. In cases where folder titles were inaccurate, the titles have been corrected to more adequately describe the material.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains files pertaining to Virginia transportation concerns.  This collection contains Federal, Personnel, Rail, Legislation, as well as, Correspondence and Subject Files.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains files pertaining to Virginia transportation concerns.  This collection contains Federal, Personnel, Rail, Legislation, as well as, Correspondence and Subject Files.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:05:38.378Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03307_c01_c248"}},{"id":"vi_vi00283_c01_c02_c213","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Z-NG [New markers], Squares 1-13","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00283_c01_c02_c213#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00283_c01_c02_c213","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00283_c01_c02_c213"],"id":"vi_vi00283_c01_c02_c213","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00283","_root_":"vi_vi00283","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00283_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00283_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00283","vi_vi00283_c01","vi_vi00283_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00283","vi_vi00283_c01","vi_vi00283_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992","Series I. Record Cards","New Ground"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992","Series I. Record Cards","New Ground"],"text":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992","Series I. Record Cards","New Ground","Z-NG [New markers], Squares 1-13","reel 5295 or","box 31","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Z-NG [New markers], Squares 1-13","title_ssm":["Z-NG [New markers], Squares 1-13"],"title_tesim":["Z-NG [New markers], Squares 1-13"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Z-NG [New markers], Squares 1-13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":352,"containers_ssim":["reel 5295 or","box 31","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#212","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:08:31.826Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00283","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00283","_root_":"vi_vi00283","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00283","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00283.xml","title_ssm":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992"],"title_tesim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["41780 (Miscellaneous reels 5265-5313)"],"text":["41780 (Miscellaneous reels 5265-5313)","Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992","14.88 cubic feet (46 boxes) and 49 reels of microfilm.","For preservation purposes, please serve microfilm copies. In cases where the microfilm is difficult to read, originals may be consulted upon approval of archives staff.","Organized into the following series:","I.   Record Cards II.  Photography III. Administrative Files IV.  Maps V. Additional Materials","Series I and the photographs in Series II are arranged according to alphanumeric plot identifiers indicating the locations of graves in Blandford Cemetery.","The cemetery is divided into two main areas: Old Ground and New Ground. Each of these areas is further divided into wards, which are identified with a letter or letters, followed by the designation \"OG\" for Old Ground or \"NG\" for New Ground (for example: \"A-OG\" refers to Ward A, Old Ground, and \"CC-NG\" to Ward CC, New Ground). Survey workers sometimes used the abbreviations \"OGR\" and \"NGR\" interchangeably with \"OG\" and \"NG,\" respectively. Also note that two of the wards in Old Ground are not identified by letters, but by the names Lee and Jackson.","All of the wards are divided into squares, which are numbered. Most of the squares are further broken down into sections, also numbered. Example: B-NG, Square 4-3 refers to Ward B, New Ground, Square 4, Section 3.","The record cards in Series I and photographs in Series II are first separated into Old Ground and New Ground, then arranged alphabetically by ward, and numerically by square and section.","Please note that it will be difficult to use the collection unless the researcher knows the alphanumeric plot identifier. An  online database \nhas been constructed to help patrons find out the identifier by typing in the name of the person they are researching. The database also contains birth and death dates (where available).","Record cards are filed according to the alphanumeric identifier giving the location of a grave by ward, square, and section (where applicable). See arrangement note above. To learn the identifier of a grave using the name of the deceased, please consult the  online database .\n","The arrangement of photographs mirrors the arrangement of the record cards in Series I. As with those items, the photographs are filed according to the alphanumeric identifier giving the location of a grave by ward, square, and section (where applicable). Labels on the reverse side of each photograph also include the individual marker number, which is not listed in the database. On the microfilm copy, the label (which appears on the reverse side of the actual photograph) appears immediately before the photograph itself. Also note that some of the photograph labels use \"OGR\" or \"NGR\" instead of \"OG\" or \"NG\" to refer to Old Ground and New Ground, respectively.","In 1737, a new church building, situated in present-day Petersburg, Virginia, opened in the Anglican Church's Bristol Parish. Originally called the Brick Church on Wells's Hill, it came to be known as Blandford Church by the early 1760's. Approximately seventy years after its construction, the building was abandoned and left to years of neglect. On 8 March 1819, the Town of Petersburg purchased it and the adjoining graveyard for use as a burial ground. The Church itself was left to fall further into disrepair for the time being. It came to be appreciated by some as picturesque ruins with symbolic significance, and was referenced in several works of poetry, art, and music.","After the Civil War, Blandford became a focal point for Petersburg's determination to honor its war dead. Memorial events such as  decoration days  were routinely observed, and have been credited as the inspiration for the national Memorial Day. Concerned by the fact that many soldiers' remains were left in hastily-dug graves on the battlefield, the Ladies Memorial Association of Petersburg was formed in 1866. The organization quickly got to work raising funds and other assistance to reinter the bodies at Blandford. Their work focused not only on the men who died fighting in and around Petersburg, but also on Petersburg natives who had fallen at more distant battlefields. ","Some basic restoration work was performed on Blandford Church in 1882. Later, it became another project of the Ladies Memorial Association. In 1900, the group petitioned Petersburg for the right to convert it into a  mortuary and memorial chapel.  Over the course of 1904-1912, fifteen original Tiffany windows were installed, including eleven donated from the states of the former Confederacy, one each from Maryland and Missouri, one from the Ladies Memorial Association, and one from Lewis Comfort Tiffany called the  Cross of Jewels.  Over the years, the Association also directed its energies to the building of an iron bandstand (dedicated in 1908) and of a granite arch marking the entrance to Memorial Hill (dedicated in 1914), among other things.","Blandford Cemetery has further benefited from the care of the Cockade City Garden Club, which, beginning in 1945, undertook restoration of some of the deteriorating ironwork and tombstones. The non-profit Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation, which sprung from the Cockade City Garden Club, formed in March 1987. Determined to counteract both the wearing effects of time and a growing problem of vandalism at the Cemetery, the Foundation has the stated mission to \"promote the restoration, rehabilitation, preservation, and interpretation of [Blandford Cemetery's] ironwork, tombstones, landscaping, brickwork, masonry and funerary art.\"  ","Greatly assisted by this outside help, the City of Petersburg continues to own and operate the Cemetery. Through multiple land acquisitions, it has grown the property from just over four acres (the size at the time of the 1819 purchase) to some 189 acres. The part of the cemetery dating from its 18th-century origins to a twenty-acre addition made in 1854 form the Cemetery's \"Old Ground.\" The land added from the next addition, purchased in 1866, and beyond make up the \"New Ground.\" ","The survey records that constitute the greater part of this collection were created by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation from 1987-1992 as part of the nomination procedure for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. The Cemetery was added to the register in 1992.","For more information, see the John O. Peters book  Blandford Cemetery: Death and Life at Petersburg, Virginia , published by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation in 2005.","Survey records, 1987-1992, containing information about graves in Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia. The survey was performed by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation as part of the procedure for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, to which the cemetery was added in 1992. A group of documents referred to as \"record cards\" make up the great majority of the collection. They are arranged according to the alphanumeric identifier of a given plot and include, where available, information such as the names of those buried in it, birth and death dates, the text of tombstone inscriptions, and the type, dimensions, and condition of grave markers. Where inscriptions have been obscured or destroyed, surveyors sometimes supplemented extant information with records made by the Works Progress Administration in the late 1930's. In addition to the record cards, the collection also includes photographs of approximately one-third of the surveyed graves, administrative paperwork created by survey workers, and maps of the cemetery. Please note that the survey ended in 1992, and was not comprehensive even at that time; therefore, it cannot be taken as a complete record of the graves in Blandford Cemetery.","The forms on which survey workers recorded information are referred to as record cards. They include, when available, the names of those buried in the graves, birth and death dates, the text of tombstone inscriptions, and the type, dimensions, and condition of grave markers. Where inscriptions have been obscured or destroyed, surveyors sometimes supplemented extant information with records made by the Works Progress Administration in the late 1930's. Occasional recording errors are evident, for example inconsistent spellings of names, or birth dates that come after death dates. If possible, researchers should double-check information with another source. Please also note that the survey ended in 1992, and was not comprehensive even at that time; therefore, it cannot be taken as a complete record of the graves in Blandford Cemetery.","This series is divided into two subseries, one for the photographs themselves, and one for the paperwork issuing from the process of taking them. Only a portion of the graves covered in the record cards were photographed. Represented sections are: Wards A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and Lee of Old Ground, and Wards A, B, and C of New Ground, along with a sample of mausoleums, and Memorial Hill. There are photographs for most of the graves in these sections, but gaps exist.","NOTE: The photographs for G-OG Square 2-(1b,4) are incorrectly labeled G-OG Square 1-(1b,4). Also, on the microfilm, the photographs for G-OG Square 2.1a are out of order. They appear between G-OG Squares 1-(1b,4) and 1-3.","Papers in this series include the instructions given to survey workers, tables showing which surveyors were assigned to particular sections of the cemetery, checklists indicating whether particular plots had been surveyed, and forms detailing repair work needed and performed on various graves in Ward A-OG.","Maps used by workers to locate the various sections of the cemetery, and to keep track of which ones had been surveyed. There is at least a partial map for each of the surveyed wards of the cemetery, with the exception of Ward A, Old Ground. Some of the ward maps include the names of square owners.","Materials provided by the Historic Blandford Cemetery after the microfilming of the original collection. At this point, the series consists of additional photographs, most of which are less specific in focus (i.e. photos are of a group of several graves instead of a close-up on an individual inscription) and therefore less easily identified. Identifications are only at the level of the overall section of the cemetery where the stones are found. Note that these photographs are only available as prints -- they were not microfilmed.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["41780 (Miscellaneous reels 5265-5313)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation Survey Records, 1987-1992"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation"],"creator_ssim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation, Petersburg, Virginia, 15 March 2005."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["14.88 cubic feet (46 boxes) and 49 reels of microfilm."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation purposes, please serve microfilm copies. In cases where the microfilm is difficult to read, originals may be consulted upon approval of archives staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["For preservation purposes, please serve microfilm copies. In cases where the microfilm is difficult to read, originals may be consulted upon approval of archives staff."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eI.   Record Cards\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eII.  Photography\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIII. Administrative Files\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eIV.  Maps\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eV. Additional Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I and the photographs in Series II are arranged according to alphanumeric plot identifiers indicating the locations of graves in Blandford Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe cemetery is divided into two main areas: Old Ground and New Ground. Each of these areas is further divided into wards, which are identified with a letter or letters, followed by the designation \"OG\" for Old Ground or \"NG\" for New Ground (for example: \"A-OG\" refers to Ward A, Old Ground, and \"CC-NG\" to Ward CC, New Ground). Survey workers sometimes used the abbreviations \"OGR\" and \"NGR\" interchangeably with \"OG\" and \"NG,\" respectively. Also note that two of the wards in Old Ground are not identified by letters, but by the names Lee and Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the wards are divided into squares, which are numbered. Most of the squares are further broken down into sections, also numbered. Example: B-NG, Square 4-3 refers to Ward B, New Ground, Square 4, Section 3.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe record cards in Series I and photographs in Series II are first separated into Old Ground and New Ground, then arranged alphabetically by ward, and numerically by square and section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that it will be difficult to use the collection unless the researcher knows the alphanumeric plot identifier. An \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/blandfordsearch.asp\"\u003eonline database\u003c/extref\u003e\nhas been constructed to help patrons find out the identifier by typing in the name of the person they are researching. The database also contains birth and death dates (where available).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord cards are filed according to the alphanumeric identifier giving the location of a grave by ward, square, and section (where applicable). See arrangement note above. To learn the identifier of a grave using the name of the deceased, please consult the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/blandfordsearch.asp\"\u003eonline database\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of photographs mirrors the arrangement of the record cards in Series I. As with those items, the photographs are filed according to the alphanumeric identifier giving the location of a grave by ward, square, and section (where applicable). Labels on the reverse side of each photograph also include the individual marker number, which is not listed in the database. On the microfilm copy, the label (which appears on the reverse side of the actual photograph) appears immediately before the photograph itself. Also note that some of the photograph labels use \"OGR\" or \"NGR\" instead of \"OG\" or \"NG\" to refer to Old Ground and New Ground, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into the following series:","I.   Record Cards II.  Photography III. Administrative Files IV.  Maps V. Additional Materials","Series I and the photographs in Series II are arranged according to alphanumeric plot identifiers indicating the locations of graves in Blandford Cemetery.","The cemetery is divided into two main areas: Old Ground and New Ground. Each of these areas is further divided into wards, which are identified with a letter or letters, followed by the designation \"OG\" for Old Ground or \"NG\" for New Ground (for example: \"A-OG\" refers to Ward A, Old Ground, and \"CC-NG\" to Ward CC, New Ground). Survey workers sometimes used the abbreviations \"OGR\" and \"NGR\" interchangeably with \"OG\" and \"NG,\" respectively. Also note that two of the wards in Old Ground are not identified by letters, but by the names Lee and Jackson.","All of the wards are divided into squares, which are numbered. Most of the squares are further broken down into sections, also numbered. Example: B-NG, Square 4-3 refers to Ward B, New Ground, Square 4, Section 3.","The record cards in Series I and photographs in Series II are first separated into Old Ground and New Ground, then arranged alphabetically by ward, and numerically by square and section.","Please note that it will be difficult to use the collection unless the researcher knows the alphanumeric plot identifier. An  online database \nhas been constructed to help patrons find out the identifier by typing in the name of the person they are researching. The database also contains birth and death dates (where available).","Record cards are filed according to the alphanumeric identifier giving the location of a grave by ward, square, and section (where applicable). See arrangement note above. To learn the identifier of a grave using the name of the deceased, please consult the  online database .\n","The arrangement of photographs mirrors the arrangement of the record cards in Series I. As with those items, the photographs are filed according to the alphanumeric identifier giving the location of a grave by ward, square, and section (where applicable). Labels on the reverse side of each photograph also include the individual marker number, which is not listed in the database. On the microfilm copy, the label (which appears on the reverse side of the actual photograph) appears immediately before the photograph itself. Also note that some of the photograph labels use \"OGR\" or \"NGR\" instead of \"OG\" or \"NG\" to refer to Old Ground and New Ground, respectively."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1737, a new church building, situated in present-day Petersburg, Virginia, opened in the Anglican Church's Bristol Parish. Originally called the Brick Church on Wells's Hill, it came to be known as Blandford Church by the early 1760's. Approximately seventy years after its construction, the building was abandoned and left to years of neglect. On 8 March 1819, the Town of Petersburg purchased it and the adjoining graveyard for use as a burial ground. The Church itself was left to fall further into disrepair for the time being. It came to be appreciated by some as picturesque ruins with symbolic significance, and was referenced in several works of poetry, art, and music.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Civil War, Blandford became a focal point for Petersburg's determination to honor its war dead. Memorial events such as \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003edecoration days\u003c/emph\u003e were routinely observed, and have been credited as the inspiration for the national Memorial Day. Concerned by the fact that many soldiers' remains were left in hastily-dug graves on the battlefield, the Ladies Memorial Association of Petersburg was formed in 1866. The organization quickly got to work raising funds and other assistance to reinter the bodies at Blandford. Their work focused not only on the men who died fighting in and around Petersburg, but also on Petersburg natives who had fallen at more distant battlefields. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome basic restoration work was performed on Blandford Church in 1882. Later, it became another project of the Ladies Memorial Association. In 1900, the group petitioned Petersburg for the right to convert it into a \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003emortuary and memorial chapel.\u003c/emph\u003e Over the course of 1904-1912, fifteen original Tiffany windows were installed, including eleven donated from the states of the former Confederacy, one each from Maryland and Missouri, one from the Ladies Memorial Association, and one from Lewis Comfort Tiffany called the \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003eCross of Jewels.\u003c/emph\u003e Over the years, the Association also directed its energies to the building of an iron bandstand (dedicated in 1908) and of a granite arch marking the entrance to Memorial Hill (dedicated in 1914), among other things.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlandford Cemetery has further benefited from the care of the Cockade City Garden Club, which, beginning in 1945, undertook restoration of some of the deteriorating ironwork and tombstones. The non-profit Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation, which sprung from the Cockade City Garden Club, formed in March 1987. Determined to counteract both the wearing effects of time and a growing problem of vandalism at the Cemetery, the Foundation has the stated mission to \"promote the restoration, rehabilitation, preservation, and interpretation of [Blandford Cemetery's] ironwork, tombstones, landscaping, brickwork, masonry and funerary art.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGreatly assisted by this outside help, the City of Petersburg continues to own and operate the Cemetery. Through multiple land acquisitions, it has grown the property from just over four acres (the size at the time of the 1819 purchase) to some 189 acres. The part of the cemetery dating from its 18th-century origins to a twenty-acre addition made in 1854 form the Cemetery's \"Old Ground.\" The land added from the next addition, purchased in 1866, and beyond make up the \"New Ground.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe survey records that constitute the greater part of this collection were created by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation from 1987-1992 as part of the nomination procedure for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. The Cemetery was added to the register in 1992.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, see the John O. Peters book \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBlandford Cemetery: Death and Life at Petersburg, Virginia\u003c/title\u003e, published by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1737, a new church building, situated in present-day Petersburg, Virginia, opened in the Anglican Church's Bristol Parish. Originally called the Brick Church on Wells's Hill, it came to be known as Blandford Church by the early 1760's. Approximately seventy years after its construction, the building was abandoned and left to years of neglect. On 8 March 1819, the Town of Petersburg purchased it and the adjoining graveyard for use as a burial ground. The Church itself was left to fall further into disrepair for the time being. It came to be appreciated by some as picturesque ruins with symbolic significance, and was referenced in several works of poetry, art, and music.","After the Civil War, Blandford became a focal point for Petersburg's determination to honor its war dead. Memorial events such as  decoration days  were routinely observed, and have been credited as the inspiration for the national Memorial Day. Concerned by the fact that many soldiers' remains were left in hastily-dug graves on the battlefield, the Ladies Memorial Association of Petersburg was formed in 1866. The organization quickly got to work raising funds and other assistance to reinter the bodies at Blandford. Their work focused not only on the men who died fighting in and around Petersburg, but also on Petersburg natives who had fallen at more distant battlefields. ","Some basic restoration work was performed on Blandford Church in 1882. Later, it became another project of the Ladies Memorial Association. In 1900, the group petitioned Petersburg for the right to convert it into a  mortuary and memorial chapel.  Over the course of 1904-1912, fifteen original Tiffany windows were installed, including eleven donated from the states of the former Confederacy, one each from Maryland and Missouri, one from the Ladies Memorial Association, and one from Lewis Comfort Tiffany called the  Cross of Jewels.  Over the years, the Association also directed its energies to the building of an iron bandstand (dedicated in 1908) and of a granite arch marking the entrance to Memorial Hill (dedicated in 1914), among other things.","Blandford Cemetery has further benefited from the care of the Cockade City Garden Club, which, beginning in 1945, undertook restoration of some of the deteriorating ironwork and tombstones. The non-profit Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation, which sprung from the Cockade City Garden Club, formed in March 1987. Determined to counteract both the wearing effects of time and a growing problem of vandalism at the Cemetery, the Foundation has the stated mission to \"promote the restoration, rehabilitation, preservation, and interpretation of [Blandford Cemetery's] ironwork, tombstones, landscaping, brickwork, masonry and funerary art.\"  ","Greatly assisted by this outside help, the City of Petersburg continues to own and operate the Cemetery. Through multiple land acquisitions, it has grown the property from just over four acres (the size at the time of the 1819 purchase) to some 189 acres. The part of the cemetery dating from its 18th-century origins to a twenty-acre addition made in 1854 form the Cemetery's \"Old Ground.\" The land added from the next addition, purchased in 1866, and beyond make up the \"New Ground.\" ","The survey records that constitute the greater part of this collection were created by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation from 1987-1992 as part of the nomination procedure for addition to the National Register of Historic Places. The Cemetery was added to the register in 1992.","For more information, see the John O. Peters book  Blandford Cemetery: Death and Life at Petersburg, Virginia , published by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation in 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistoric Blandford Cemetery Foundation (Petersburg, Va.). Survey Records, 1987-1992. Accession 41780. Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation (Petersburg, Va.). Survey Records, 1987-1992. Accession 41780. Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSurvey records, 1987-1992, containing information about graves in Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia. The survey was performed by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation as part of the procedure for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, to which the cemetery was added in 1992. A group of documents referred to as \"record cards\" make up the great majority of the collection. They are arranged according to the alphanumeric identifier of a given plot and include, where available, information such as the names of those buried in it, birth and death dates, the text of tombstone inscriptions, and the type, dimensions, and condition of grave markers. Where inscriptions have been obscured or destroyed, surveyors sometimes supplemented extant information with records made by the Works Progress Administration in the late 1930's. In addition to the record cards, the collection also includes photographs of approximately one-third of the surveyed graves, administrative paperwork created by survey workers, and maps of the cemetery. Please note that the survey ended in 1992, and was not comprehensive even at that time; therefore, it cannot be taken as a complete record of the graves in Blandford Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe forms on which survey workers recorded information are referred to as record cards. They include, when available, the names of those buried in the graves, birth and death dates, the text of tombstone inscriptions, and the type, dimensions, and condition of grave markers. Where inscriptions have been obscured or destroyed, surveyors sometimes supplemented extant information with records made by the Works Progress Administration in the late 1930's. Occasional recording errors are evident, for example inconsistent spellings of names, or birth dates that come after death dates. If possible, researchers should double-check information with another source. Please also note that the survey ended in 1992, and was not comprehensive even at that time; therefore, it cannot be taken as a complete record of the graves in Blandford Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is divided into two subseries, one for the photographs themselves, and one for the paperwork issuing from the process of taking them. Only a portion of the graves covered in the record cards were photographed. Represented sections are: Wards A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and Lee of Old Ground, and Wards A, B, and C of New Ground, along with a sample of mausoleums, and Memorial Hill. There are photographs for most of the graves in these sections, but gaps exist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNOTE: The photographs for G-OG Square 2-(1b,4) are incorrectly labeled G-OG Square 1-(1b,4). Also, on the microfilm, the photographs for G-OG Square 2.1a are out of order. They appear between G-OG Squares 1-(1b,4) and 1-3.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers in this series include the instructions given to survey workers, tables showing which surveyors were assigned to particular sections of the cemetery, checklists indicating whether particular plots had been surveyed, and forms detailing repair work needed and performed on various graves in Ward A-OG.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaps used by workers to locate the various sections of the cemetery, and to keep track of which ones had been surveyed. There is at least a partial map for each of the surveyed wards of the cemetery, with the exception of Ward A, Old Ground. Some of the ward maps include the names of square owners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials provided by the Historic Blandford Cemetery after the microfilming of the original collection. At this point, the series consists of additional photographs, most of which are less specific in focus (i.e. photos are of a group of several graves instead of a close-up on an individual inscription) and therefore less easily identified. Identifications are only at the level of the overall section of the cemetery where the stones are found. Note that these photographs are only available as prints -- they were not microfilmed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Survey records, 1987-1992, containing information about graves in Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia. The survey was performed by the Historic Blandford Cemetery Foundation as part of the procedure for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places, to which the cemetery was added in 1992. A group of documents referred to as \"record cards\" make up the great majority of the collection. They are arranged according to the alphanumeric identifier of a given plot and include, where available, information such as the names of those buried in it, birth and death dates, the text of tombstone inscriptions, and the type, dimensions, and condition of grave markers. Where inscriptions have been obscured or destroyed, surveyors sometimes supplemented extant information with records made by the Works Progress Administration in the late 1930's. In addition to the record cards, the collection also includes photographs of approximately one-third of the surveyed graves, administrative paperwork created by survey workers, and maps of the cemetery. Please note that the survey ended in 1992, and was not comprehensive even at that time; therefore, it cannot be taken as a complete record of the graves in Blandford Cemetery.","The forms on which survey workers recorded information are referred to as record cards. They include, when available, the names of those buried in the graves, birth and death dates, the text of tombstone inscriptions, and the type, dimensions, and condition of grave markers. Where inscriptions have been obscured or destroyed, surveyors sometimes supplemented extant information with records made by the Works Progress Administration in the late 1930's. Occasional recording errors are evident, for example inconsistent spellings of names, or birth dates that come after death dates. If possible, researchers should double-check information with another source. Please also note that the survey ended in 1992, and was not comprehensive even at that time; therefore, it cannot be taken as a complete record of the graves in Blandford Cemetery.","This series is divided into two subseries, one for the photographs themselves, and one for the paperwork issuing from the process of taking them. Only a portion of the graves covered in the record cards were photographed. Represented sections are: Wards A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and Lee of Old Ground, and Wards A, B, and C of New Ground, along with a sample of mausoleums, and Memorial Hill. There are photographs for most of the graves in these sections, but gaps exist.","NOTE: The photographs for G-OG Square 2-(1b,4) are incorrectly labeled G-OG Square 1-(1b,4). Also, on the microfilm, the photographs for G-OG Square 2.1a are out of order. They appear between G-OG Squares 1-(1b,4) and 1-3.","Papers in this series include the instructions given to survey workers, tables showing which surveyors were assigned to particular sections of the cemetery, checklists indicating whether particular plots had been surveyed, and forms detailing repair work needed and performed on various graves in Ward A-OG.","Maps used by workers to locate the various sections of the cemetery, and to keep track of which ones had been surveyed. There is at least a partial map for each of the surveyed wards of the cemetery, with the exception of Ward A, Old Ground. Some of the ward maps include the names of square owners.","Materials provided by the Historic Blandford Cemetery after the microfilming of the original collection. At this point, the series consists of additional photographs, most of which are less specific in focus (i.e. photos are of a group of several graves instead of a close-up on an individual inscription) and therefore less easily identified. Identifications are only at the level of the overall section of the cemetery where the stones are found. 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