{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%2C+Northern\u0026page=3\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%2C+Northern\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%2C+Northern\u0026page=4\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Virginia%2C+Northern\u0026page=5\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":49,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ronien, Francis, Corporal","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_480.xml","title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"unitdate_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"text":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry","C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A digitized version of this letter can be found here:","This is a single item collection.","Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).","The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.","The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"unitid_tesim":["C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal"],"creator_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digitized version of this letter can be found here: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry.\" href=\"https://digitalcollections.gmu.edu/record/4477?ln=en\u0026amp;v=pdf\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A digitized version of this letter can be found here:"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBanks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21 \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLuebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Brady photograph of Cpl. Ronien\" href=\"https://provlibdigital.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A14792\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/92\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historic Virginia collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/460\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/144\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.sos.ri.gov/repositories/2/resources/649\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/114665198\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA transcription of this collection is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8462985bb53c6bcee9a96b48814ff2d7\"\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b7d7a08abd90635ee20ed65d53a67c95\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_480.xml","title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"unitdate_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"text":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry","C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A digitized version of this letter can be found here:","This is a single item collection.","Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).","The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.","The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"unitid_tesim":["C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal"],"creator_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digitized version of this letter can be found here: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry.\" href=\"https://digitalcollections.gmu.edu/record/4477?ln=en\u0026amp;v=pdf\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A digitized version of this letter can be found here:"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBanks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21 \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLuebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Brady photograph of Cpl. Ronien\" href=\"https://provlibdigital.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A14792\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/92\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historic Virginia collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/460\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/144\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.sos.ri.gov/repositories/2/resources/649\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/114665198\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA transcription of this collection is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8462985bb53c6bcee9a96b48814ff2d7\"\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b7d7a08abd90635ee20ed65d53a67c95\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Janney, Joseph","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_471","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_471.xml","title_ssm":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1773"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1773"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"text":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia","C0357","/repositories/2/resources/471","Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Shipping","There are no access restrictions.","This document was digitized and is available","This is a single item collection.","\"A Brief History of Leesburg.\" Leesburg, VA. https://www.leesburgva.gov/visitors/history-of-leesburg (accessed June 11, 2019).","The town of Leesburg, Virginia was established in 1758. After originally being in the possession of Lord Thomas Fairfax, the land on which Leesburg would be founded was eventually sold to Francis Awbrey in 1730. By 1757 the site was chosen as the location for the Loudoun County Courthouse by the Assembly of Virginia, which led to the town being officially named Leesburg, after the Lee family, the following year.","Reprocessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Leesburg, Loudoun County, and local Virginia history.","Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Janney, Joseph","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0357","/repositories/2/resources/471"],"unitid_tesim":["C0357","/repositories/2/resources/471"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Janney, Joseph"],"creator_ssim":["Janney, Joseph"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Janney, Joseph"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Janney, Joseph","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The donor is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shipping"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shipping"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis document was digitized and is available \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~30~30\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["This document was digitized and is available"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"A Brief History of Leesburg.\" Leesburg, VA. https://www.leesburgva.gov/visitors/history-of-leesburg (accessed June 11, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"A Brief History of Leesburg.\" Leesburg, VA. https://www.leesburgva.gov/visitors/history-of-leesburg (accessed June 11, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe town of Leesburg, Virginia was established in 1758. After originally being in the possession of Lord Thomas Fairfax, the land on which Leesburg would be founded was eventually sold to Francis Awbrey in 1730. By 1757 the site was chosen as the location for the Loudoun County Courthouse by the Assembly of Virginia, which led to the town being officially named Leesburg, after the Lee family, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The town of Leesburg, Virginia was established in 1758. After originally being in the possession of Lord Thomas Fairfax, the land on which Leesburg would be founded was eventually sold to Francis Awbrey in 1730. By 1757 the site was chosen as the location for the Loudoun County Courthouse by the Assembly of Virginia, which led to the town being officially named Leesburg, after the Lee family, the following year."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia, C0357, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia, C0357, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReprocessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Reprocessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Leesburg, Loudoun County, and local Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Leesburg, Loudoun County, and local Virginia history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e323dcc45fbababcafff3326ed0c66e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bab5a3bbd8801fa369e8882c51d47f51\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Janney, Joseph"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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After originally being in the possession of Lord Thomas Fairfax, the land on which Leesburg would be founded was eventually sold to Francis Awbrey in 1730. By 1757 the site was chosen as the location for the Loudoun County Courthouse by the Assembly of Virginia, which led to the town being officially named Leesburg, after the Lee family, the following year.","Reprocessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Leesburg, Loudoun County, and local Virginia history.","Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Janney, Joseph","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0357","/repositories/2/resources/471"],"unitid_tesim":["C0357","/repositories/2/resources/471"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Leesburg (Va.)","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Janney, Joseph"],"creator_ssim":["Janney, Joseph"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Janney, Joseph"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Janney, Joseph","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The donor is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shipping"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shipping"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis document was digitized and is available \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~30~30\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["This document was digitized and is available"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"A Brief History of Leesburg.\" Leesburg, VA. https://www.leesburgva.gov/visitors/history-of-leesburg (accessed June 11, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"A Brief History of Leesburg.\" Leesburg, VA. https://www.leesburgva.gov/visitors/history-of-leesburg (accessed June 11, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe town of Leesburg, Virginia was established in 1758. After originally being in the possession of Lord Thomas Fairfax, the land on which Leesburg would be founded was eventually sold to Francis Awbrey in 1730. By 1757 the site was chosen as the location for the Loudoun County Courthouse by the Assembly of Virginia, which led to the town being officially named Leesburg, after the Lee family, the following year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The town of Leesburg, Virginia was established in 1758. After originally being in the possession of Lord Thomas Fairfax, the land on which Leesburg would be founded was eventually sold to Francis Awbrey in 1730. By 1757 the site was chosen as the location for the Loudoun County Courthouse by the Assembly of Virginia, which led to the town being officially named Leesburg, after the Lee family, the following year."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia, C0357, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia, C0357, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReprocessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Reprocessing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Leesburg, Loudoun County, and local Virginia history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on historic Virginia, including the Randolph H. Historical Virginia collection.","The Thomas Balch Library holds many records on Leesburg, Loudoun County, and local Virginia history."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e323dcc45fbababcafff3326ed0c66e1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Joseph Janney of Leesburg, Virginia concerning the shipment of goods, written in 1773."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bab5a3bbd8801fa369e8882c51d47f51\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Janney, Joseph"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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She served actively on numerous voluntary committees in Fairfax, Loudoun, and Arlington Counties, including the Goose Creek Scenic River Advisory Board, the Friends of George Mason University, and the Preservation Society of Loudoun County, and belonged to the National League of American Penwomen and the Virginia Watercolor Society. She was married to economist and congressman Joseph Lyman Fisher.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Margaret Winslow Fisher was a painter, poet, and public lecturer. She served actively on numerous voluntary committees in Fairfax, Loudoun, and Arlington Counties, including the Goose Creek Scenic River Advisory Board, the Friends of George Mason University, and the Preservation Society of Loudoun County, and belonged to the National League of American Penwomen and the Virginia Watercolor Society. She was married to economist and congressman Joseph Lyman Fisher."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMargaret W. Fisher papers, C0033, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Margaret W. Fisher papers, C0033, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff, reprocessed by SCRC intern Amy Blake in 2018. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. EAD revised by Amy Blake in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff, reprocessed by SCRC intern Amy Blake in 2018. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. EAD revised by Amy Blake in 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0028\" title=\"Joseph L. 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EAD revised by Amy Blake in 2018."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0028\" title=\"Joseph L. 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(Margaret Winslow)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":40,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_579"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_555.xml","title_ssm":["Mary Walton Livingston papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950s-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950s-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018"],"text":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018","C0321","/repositories/2/resources/555","Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","School integration","Education -- Virginia","Desegregation in education","Education -- Political aspects -- Virginia","Education -- Virginia -- Fairfax County","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","Educational change","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is currently arranged in one series of two boxes. Folders generally fall into four subject categories that were originally created by Mary Walton Livingston. Papers within these categories are arranged by date.","Virginia General Assembly, Celebrating the life of Mary Walton McCandlish Livingston. HJ597ER. 2008 Session. Passed by House and Senate March 8, 2008.","Mary Walton Livingston was an archivist at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, and a community advocate for integration and equal education for African-American students.","Livingston was born in Fairfax, VA in 1914 and attended Fairfax County public schools throughout most of her childhood before graduating from the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C., and heading off to Sweet Briar College at age 17. After her college graduation, Livingston returned to Fairfax to work for the county's Chamber of Commerce and then joined NARA. At age 23, she became president of the local chapter of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Livingston married the late Schuyler Livingston in 1939 and they had three children. Committed to the idea of integration and equal education for African-American students, Livingston worked on biracial church and PTA groups to keep the public schools operating during the period of resistance to court-ordered desegregation in the late 1950s. In 1951, she was honored by the Fairfax branch of the NAACP with a certificate for her efforts.","In 1962, Livingston returned to NARA to work on oral histories from the Johnson administration and to organize other presidential libraries. Later, she worked on authenticating the claims of Japanese internees after they were awarded reparations by the federal government in 1988.","As a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, Livingston served as a Sunday-school superintendent and teacher for many years.","Livingston died on March 23, 2007 at Goodwin House in Alexandria. She was 92 and had Alzheimer's disease.","Processing completed by Jared Nistler in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Jared Nistler in August 2019.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other material related to race during the time period of desegregation in Virginia. These collections include the  and the .","This collection documents Livingston's work advocating for the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia, mostly from the 1950s and early 1960s. Materials in the collection include newsclippings, correspondence, notes, and programs.","The collection consists of two boxes with 18 folders that generally fall into four categories: Fairfax County NAACP, Desegregation Decisions and Plans, School Affairs Committee and Parent-Teacher Association, and Virginia Council of United Church Women.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0321","/repositories/2/resources/555"],"unitid_tesim":["C0321","/repositories/2/resources/555"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"creator_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mary Livingston Petersen (Mary Walton Livingston's daughter) on April 2, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration","Education -- Virginia","Desegregation in education","Education -- Political aspects -- Virginia","Education -- Virginia -- Fairfax County","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","Educational change"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration","Education -- Virginia","Desegregation in education","Education -- Political aspects -- Virginia","Education -- Virginia -- Fairfax County","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","Educational change"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is currently arranged in one series of two boxes. Folders generally fall into four subject categories that were originally created by Mary Walton Livingston. Papers within these categories are arranged by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is currently arranged in one series of two boxes. Folders generally fall into four subject categories that were originally created by Mary Walton Livingston. Papers within these categories are arranged by date."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia General Assembly, Celebrating the life of Mary Walton McCandlish Livingston. HJ597ER. 2008 Session. Passed by House and Senate March 8, 2008. \u003cextptr href=\"https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?081+ful+HJ597ER+pdf\" title=\"https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?081+ful+HJ597ER+pdf\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly, Celebrating the life of Mary Walton McCandlish Livingston. HJ597ER. 2008 Session. Passed by House and Senate March 8, 2008."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Walton Livingston was an archivist at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, and a community advocate for integration and equal education for African-American students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Livingston was born in Fairfax, VA in 1914 and attended Fairfax County public schools throughout most of her childhood before graduating from the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C., and heading off to Sweet Briar College at age 17. After her college graduation, Livingston returned to Fairfax to work for the county's Chamber of Commerce and then joined NARA. At age 23, she became president of the local chapter of the Business and Professional Women's Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Livingston married the late Schuyler Livingston in 1939 and they had three children. Committed to the idea of integration and equal education for African-American students, Livingston worked on biracial church and PTA groups to keep the public schools operating during the period of resistance to court-ordered desegregation in the late 1950s. In 1951, she was honored by the Fairfax branch of the NAACP with a certificate for her efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1962, Livingston returned to NARA to work on oral histories from the Johnson administration and to organize other presidential libraries. Later, she worked on authenticating the claims of Japanese internees after they were awarded reparations by the federal government in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e As a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, Livingston served as a Sunday-school superintendent and teacher for many years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Livingston died on March 23, 2007 at Goodwin House in Alexandria. She was 92 and had Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston was an archivist at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, and a community advocate for integration and equal education for African-American students.","Livingston was born in Fairfax, VA in 1914 and attended Fairfax County public schools throughout most of her childhood before graduating from the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C., and heading off to Sweet Briar College at age 17. After her college graduation, Livingston returned to Fairfax to work for the county's Chamber of Commerce and then joined NARA. At age 23, she became president of the local chapter of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Livingston married the late Schuyler Livingston in 1939 and they had three children. Committed to the idea of integration and equal education for African-American students, Livingston worked on biracial church and PTA groups to keep the public schools operating during the period of resistance to court-ordered desegregation in the late 1950s. In 1951, she was honored by the Fairfax branch of the NAACP with a certificate for her efforts.","In 1962, Livingston returned to NARA to work on oral histories from the Johnson administration and to organize other presidential libraries. Later, she worked on authenticating the claims of Japanese internees after they were awarded reparations by the federal government in 1988.","As a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, Livingston served as a Sunday-school superintendent and teacher for many years.","Livingston died on March 23, 2007 at Goodwin House in Alexandria. She was 92 and had Alzheimer's disease."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Walton Livingston papers, C0321, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, C0321, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Jared Nistler in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Jared Nistler in August 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Jared Nistler in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Jared Nistler in August 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other material related to race during the time period of desegregation in Virginia. These collections include the \u003cextptr href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/restonblackfocus.html\" title=\"Reston Black Focus records\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr href=\"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/wilkins.html\" title=\"Roger Wilkins papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other material related to race during the time period of desegregation in Virginia. These collections include the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Livingston's work advocating for the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia, mostly from the 1950s and early 1960s. Materials in the collection include newsclippings, correspondence, notes, and programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The collection consists of two boxes with 18 folders that generally fall into four categories: Fairfax County NAACP, Desegregation Decisions and Plans, School Affairs Committee and Parent-Teacher Association, and Virginia Council of United Church Women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents Livingston's work advocating for the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia, mostly from the 1950s and early 1960s. Materials in the collection include newsclippings, correspondence, notes, and programs.","The collection consists of two boxes with 18 folders that generally fall into four categories: Fairfax County NAACP, Desegregation Decisions and Plans, School Affairs Committee and Parent-Teacher Association, and Virginia Council of United Church Women."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_555.xml","title_ssm":["Mary Walton Livingston papers"],"title_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950s-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950s-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018"],"text":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018","C0321","/repositories/2/resources/555","Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century","School integration","Education -- Virginia","Desegregation in education","Education -- Political aspects -- Virginia","Education -- Virginia -- Fairfax County","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","Educational change","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is currently arranged in one series of two boxes. Folders generally fall into four subject categories that were originally created by Mary Walton Livingston. Papers within these categories are arranged by date.","Virginia General Assembly, Celebrating the life of Mary Walton McCandlish Livingston. HJ597ER. 2008 Session. Passed by House and Senate March 8, 2008.","Mary Walton Livingston was an archivist at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, and a community advocate for integration and equal education for African-American students.","Livingston was born in Fairfax, VA in 1914 and attended Fairfax County public schools throughout most of her childhood before graduating from the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C., and heading off to Sweet Briar College at age 17. After her college graduation, Livingston returned to Fairfax to work for the county's Chamber of Commerce and then joined NARA. At age 23, she became president of the local chapter of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Livingston married the late Schuyler Livingston in 1939 and they had three children. Committed to the idea of integration and equal education for African-American students, Livingston worked on biracial church and PTA groups to keep the public schools operating during the period of resistance to court-ordered desegregation in the late 1950s. In 1951, she was honored by the Fairfax branch of the NAACP with a certificate for her efforts.","In 1962, Livingston returned to NARA to work on oral histories from the Johnson administration and to organize other presidential libraries. Later, she worked on authenticating the claims of Japanese internees after they were awarded reparations by the federal government in 1988.","As a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, Livingston served as a Sunday-school superintendent and teacher for many years.","Livingston died on March 23, 2007 at Goodwin House in Alexandria. She was 92 and had Alzheimer's disease.","Processing completed by Jared Nistler in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Jared Nistler in August 2019.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other material related to race during the time period of desegregation in Virginia. These collections include the  and the .","This collection documents Livingston's work advocating for the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia, mostly from the 1950s and early 1960s. Materials in the collection include newsclippings, correspondence, notes, and programs.","The collection consists of two boxes with 18 folders that generally fall into four categories: Fairfax County NAACP, Desegregation Decisions and Plans, School Affairs Committee and Parent-Teacher Association, and Virginia Council of United Church Women.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, 2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0321","/repositories/2/resources/555"],"unitid_tesim":["C0321","/repositories/2/resources/555"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"creator_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Mary Livingston Petersen (Mary Walton Livingston's daughter) on April 2, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration","Education -- Virginia","Desegregation in education","Education -- Political aspects -- Virginia","Education -- Virginia -- Fairfax County","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","Educational change"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration","Education -- Virginia","Desegregation in education","Education -- Political aspects -- Virginia","Education -- Virginia -- Fairfax County","Education -- Political aspects -- United States","Educational change"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is currently arranged in one series of two boxes. Folders generally fall into four subject categories that were originally created by Mary Walton Livingston. Papers within these categories are arranged by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is currently arranged in one series of two boxes. Folders generally fall into four subject categories that were originally created by Mary Walton Livingston. Papers within these categories are arranged by date."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia General Assembly, Celebrating the life of Mary Walton McCandlish Livingston. HJ597ER. 2008 Session. Passed by House and Senate March 8, 2008. \u003cextptr href=\"https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?081+ful+HJ597ER+pdf\" title=\"https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?081+ful+HJ597ER+pdf\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Virginia General Assembly, Celebrating the life of Mary Walton McCandlish Livingston. HJ597ER. 2008 Session. Passed by House and Senate March 8, 2008."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Walton Livingston was an archivist at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, and a community advocate for integration and equal education for African-American students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Livingston was born in Fairfax, VA in 1914 and attended Fairfax County public schools throughout most of her childhood before graduating from the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C., and heading off to Sweet Briar College at age 17. After her college graduation, Livingston returned to Fairfax to work for the county's Chamber of Commerce and then joined NARA. At age 23, she became president of the local chapter of the Business and Professional Women's Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Livingston married the late Schuyler Livingston in 1939 and they had three children. Committed to the idea of integration and equal education for African-American students, Livingston worked on biracial church and PTA groups to keep the public schools operating during the period of resistance to court-ordered desegregation in the late 1950s. In 1951, she was honored by the Fairfax branch of the NAACP with a certificate for her efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1962, Livingston returned to NARA to work on oral histories from the Johnson administration and to organize other presidential libraries. Later, she worked on authenticating the claims of Japanese internees after they were awarded reparations by the federal government in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e As a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, Livingston served as a Sunday-school superintendent and teacher for many years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Livingston died on March 23, 2007 at Goodwin House in Alexandria. She was 92 and had Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston was an archivist at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, and a community advocate for integration and equal education for African-American students.","Livingston was born in Fairfax, VA in 1914 and attended Fairfax County public schools throughout most of her childhood before graduating from the National Cathedral School in Washington, D.C., and heading off to Sweet Briar College at age 17. After her college graduation, Livingston returned to Fairfax to work for the county's Chamber of Commerce and then joined NARA. At age 23, she became president of the local chapter of the Business and Professional Women's Club.","Livingston married the late Schuyler Livingston in 1939 and they had three children. Committed to the idea of integration and equal education for African-American students, Livingston worked on biracial church and PTA groups to keep the public schools operating during the period of resistance to court-ordered desegregation in the late 1950s. In 1951, she was honored by the Fairfax branch of the NAACP with a certificate for her efforts.","In 1962, Livingston returned to NARA to work on oral histories from the Johnson administration and to organize other presidential libraries. Later, she worked on authenticating the claims of Japanese internees after they were awarded reparations by the federal government in 1988.","As a founding member of Immanuel Church-on-the-Hill in Alexandria, Livingston served as a Sunday-school superintendent and teacher for many years.","Livingston died on March 23, 2007 at Goodwin House in Alexandria. She was 92 and had Alzheimer's disease."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Walton Livingston papers, C0321, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mary Walton Livingston papers, C0321, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Jared Nistler in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Jared Nistler in August 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Jared Nistler in July 2019. EAD markup completed by Jared Nistler in August 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other material related to race during the time period of desegregation in Virginia. These collections include the \u003cextptr href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/restonblackfocus.html\" title=\"Reston Black Focus records\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr href=\"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/wilkins.html\" title=\"Roger Wilkins papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other material related to race during the time period of desegregation in Virginia. These collections include the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents Livingston's work advocating for the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia, mostly from the 1950s and early 1960s. Materials in the collection include newsclippings, correspondence, notes, and programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The collection consists of two boxes with 18 folders that generally fall into four categories: Fairfax County NAACP, Desegregation Decisions and Plans, School Affairs Committee and Parent-Teacher Association, and Virginia Council of United Church Women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents Livingston's work advocating for the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia, mostly from the 1950s and early 1960s. Materials in the collection include newsclippings, correspondence, notes, and programs.","The collection consists of two boxes with 18 folders that generally fall into four categories: Fairfax County NAACP, Desegregation Decisions and Plans, School Affairs Committee and Parent-Teacher Association, and Virginia Council of United Church Women."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Mary Walton Livingston papers contain materials related to Livingston's work largely dealing with the desegregation of schools in Alexandria, VA and Northern Virginia in the 1950s and early 1960s. It includes newsclippings, notes, correspondence, and programs."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Livingston, Mary Walton, 1914-2007"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:01.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_555"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_330.xml","title_ssm":["Mason family manuscript account book"],"title_tesim":["Mason family manuscript account book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1792-1820"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1792-1820"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792/1820"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820"],"text":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820","C0214","/repositories/2/resources/330","Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Agriculture -- Virginia","Plantations -- Virginia","Slavery -- United States","Account books","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","A digital version of the account book is available .","The account book is organized chronologically with an index of names in the first part of the book.","Bracey, Alexis. \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade.\" Enslaved Children of George Mason. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://ecgm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/family-connections-to-the-slav/family-connections-to-the-slav","Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References,\" accessed April 23, 2022. https://lfportal.loudoun.gov/LFPortalInternet/0/edoc/549076/Slave%20Issues%20Fiduciary%20References%20formatted%20for%20website.pdf.","Raspberry Plain Manor. \"Raspberry Plain Manor History.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.raspberryplainmanor.com/history","Selma Mansion. \"Families of Selma.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://selmamansionrebirth.com/selma-in-history/families-of-selma/","Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) was the nephew of George Mason IV, the George Mason University namesake.  As highlighted by the Enslaved Children of George Mason project, Stevens's father, Thomson Mason, was an active participant in the trade of enslaved people kidnapped from West Africa (Alexis Bracey, \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade\"). Stevens Mason inherited Raspberry Plain Farm, from his father in 1785 (Raspberry Plain Manor, \"Raspberry Plain Manor History\"). According to the Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, Mason enslaved 69 people listed in his will at the time of his death in 1803 (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records And Deeds Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). Mason served as a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, an aide to General George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, and a Republican Senator from Virginia (1794-1803), succeeding James Monroe.  He was a delegate to the Virginia ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788, and a graduate of William and Mary College.","Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819) was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason and a grandnephew of George Mason IV. He was given land that had been part of Raspberry Plain Farm in 1808, on which he built Selma (Selma Mansion, \"Families of Selma\"). At his death in 1819, he enslaved 71 people who were listed in his will (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). He served as a United States Senator from Virginia (1816-1817), and he also graduated from William and Mary College. He was appointed to Brigadier General of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812. He was killed by his cousin, John M. McCarty, in an infamous duel over a disputed election.","L \u0026 T Respess purchased the  account book  from  a bookseller in Boston  who  had (at the time of their purchase, in 2010) acquired it from  one of his regular scouts, at a local (i.e., somewhere in New England) estate sale.","The book itself has ownership notes  inside the  front cover: \"This  book, once  the property of Carlton  Shafer, is given to  A. Piatt  Andrew  by his cousin and friend, Sara Andrew  Shafer, March  1910.    Her husband's name  [i.e. Carlton Shafer] will always  be remembered as Cadet Captain of Co. B. Virginia Military Institute,\nLexington Virginia, 1861-1864 -- which  he commanded at the  Battle of New Market, May 15th  1864, the only  battle recorded in history which was won by school boys.\"","Shafer  was born  in 1844 near  Leesburg, Virginia, which  is in Loudoun County, location of the  farm  documented by the  account  book.","Processed in July 2012 by Jordan Patty. Abstract, Biographical Note, Scope and Content, and Bibliography edited/added by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2022. EAD markup completed in 2012 by Jordan Patty.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and other materials on the greater Mason family.","The  \"seeks to reconstruct the 18th-century experiences of enslaved children and adults on the Gunston Hall Plantation. The purpose of [their] research is to raise awareness that the namesake of George Mason University sought the benefits of slavery and believed that the people he owned were property without free will or basic rights.\"","Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University. Included in the accounting are extensive records for the operation of Raspberry Plain Farm (which once belonged to George Mason IV) near Leesburg (Loudoun County), Virginia. The account book includes records of the people the Masons enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended.","Stevens Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1792 until his death in 1803. Financial information about his legal practice and fees appear on pages 52-54, 68-90, and intermittent throughout.  There is also information on expenses and other transactions connected with Raspberry Plain Farm in Leesburg, Virginia.  After the death of Stevens Thomson, it remained in possession of his widow but was operated by Armistead Thomson Mason.  Included are general expenses for goods and services, such as hauling and plowing, information on the hire or purchase of enslaved people, and overseers' wages. Much of the information on enslavement appears on pages 11-51, 55-67, and 91-92. There are also miscellaneous personal and family accounts throughout.","Armistead Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1810 until his death in 1819. Expenses and other transactions connected both with his own farm (Selma) and with Raspberry Plain Farm, including enslaved people hired, owned, bought and sold, and overseers' wages.  Much of this information appears on pages 96-101 and 103-104.  The descriptions of enslavement at Raspberry Plain Faim continue on pages 105-108 in the accounts with his sister, Mary Mason, with whom he operated Raspberry Plain Farm. Some of the descriptions of enslavement include names and incidents such as an expense \"for apprehending their negro man John Tebbs …Joe ran away in August...has never been heard of since…\" on pages 153-155.","The accounts also include descriptions of land transactions and other business. An account with his older brother John Thomson Mason relating to lands in Kentucky and to purchase of his interest in Raspberry Plain Farm on page 151. Armistead Thomson worked as the as executor of the estate of General Hugh Douglas. An extensive record of this account appears on pages 112, 133-148, 161-163, 171, and 178-179. Douglas, the son of Loudoun County Sheriff William Douglas, served in American Revolution and the War of 1812, and he died in 1815. He also managed an account as trustee of his father's estate as noted on pages 157-159. Page 157 includes a reference to \"General Washington's Executors.\"","Although Stevens Thomson and Armistead Thomson authored most of the account entries, William Temple Thomson Mason also contributed a number of entries including the account of the estate of Armistead Thomson Mason on pages 184-186. Other entries in hand of William Temple can be found on pages 129, 150, 159, and 164. He was the half-brother of Stevens Thomson and the uncle of Armistead Thomson. Other Mason family members represented in the accounts include John Thomson Mason (1765-1824) on page 47, John Thomson Mason (1787-1850) on page 151, Stevens Thomson Mason, Jr. (1789-1815) on pages 96-101, Mary Mason on pages 105-108, Robert Armistead on page 111, and Elizabeth and Mary Armistead on pages 153-155.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University.","R46, C1, S5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason","Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820"],"collection_ssim":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0214","/repositories/2/resources/330"],"unitid_tesim":["C0214","/repositories/2/resources/330"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Mason"],"creators_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Virginia","Plantations -- Virginia","Slavery -- United States","Account books","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Virginia","Plantations -- Virginia","Slavery -- United States","Account books","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 volume, 344 pages"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 volume, 344 pages"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digital version of the account book is available \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/t6x143\" title=\"here\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A digital version of the account book is available ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe account book is organized chronologically with an index of names in the first part of the book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The account book is organized chronologically with an index of names in the first part of the book."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBracey, Alexis. \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade.\" \u003ci\u003eEnslaved Children of George Mason\u003c/i\u003e. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://ecgm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/family-connections-to-the-slav/family-connections-to-the-slav\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eLoudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References,\" accessed April 23, 2022. https://lfportal.loudoun.gov/LFPortalInternet/0/edoc/549076/Slave%20Issues%20Fiduciary%20References%20formatted%20for%20website.pdf.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eRaspberry Plain Manor. \"Raspberry Plain Manor History.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.raspberryplainmanor.com/history\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eSelma Mansion. \"Families of Selma.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://selmamansionrebirth.com/selma-in-history/families-of-selma/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Bracey, Alexis. \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade.\" Enslaved Children of George Mason. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://ecgm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/family-connections-to-the-slav/family-connections-to-the-slav","Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References,\" accessed April 23, 2022. https://lfportal.loudoun.gov/LFPortalInternet/0/edoc/549076/Slave%20Issues%20Fiduciary%20References%20formatted%20for%20website.pdf.","Raspberry Plain Manor. \"Raspberry Plain Manor History.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.raspberryplainmanor.com/history","Selma Mansion. \"Families of Selma.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://selmamansionrebirth.com/selma-in-history/families-of-selma/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) was the nephew of George Mason IV, the George Mason University namesake.  As highlighted by the Enslaved Children of George Mason project, Stevens's father, Thomson Mason, was an active participant in the trade of enslaved people kidnapped from West Africa (Alexis Bracey, \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade\"). Stevens Mason inherited Raspberry Plain Farm, from his father in 1785 (Raspberry Plain Manor, \"Raspberry Plain Manor History\"). According to the Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, Mason enslaved 69 people listed in his will at the time of his death in 1803 (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records And Deeds Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). Mason served as a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, an aide to General George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, and a Republican Senator from Virginia (1794-1803), succeeding James Monroe.  He was a delegate to the Virginia ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788, and a graduate of William and Mary College.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819) was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason and a grandnephew of George Mason IV. He was given land that had been part of Raspberry Plain Farm in 1808, on which he built Selma (Selma Mansion, \"Families of Selma\"). At his death in 1819, he enslaved 71 people who were listed in his will (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). He served as a United States Senator from Virginia (1816-1817), and he also graduated from William and Mary College. He was appointed to Brigadier General of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812. He was killed by his cousin, John M. McCarty, in an infamous duel over a disputed election.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) was the nephew of George Mason IV, the George Mason University namesake.  As highlighted by the Enslaved Children of George Mason project, Stevens's father, Thomson Mason, was an active participant in the trade of enslaved people kidnapped from West Africa (Alexis Bracey, \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade\"). Stevens Mason inherited Raspberry Plain Farm, from his father in 1785 (Raspberry Plain Manor, \"Raspberry Plain Manor History\"). According to the Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, Mason enslaved 69 people listed in his will at the time of his death in 1803 (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records And Deeds Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). Mason served as a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, an aide to General George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, and a Republican Senator from Virginia (1794-1803), succeeding James Monroe.  He was a delegate to the Virginia ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788, and a graduate of William and Mary College.","Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819) was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason and a grandnephew of George Mason IV. He was given land that had been part of Raspberry Plain Farm in 1808, on which he built Selma (Selma Mansion, \"Families of Selma\"). At his death in 1819, he enslaved 71 people who were listed in his will (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). He served as a United States Senator from Virginia (1816-1817), and he also graduated from William and Mary College. He was appointed to Brigadier General of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812. He was killed by his cousin, John M. McCarty, in an infamous duel over a disputed election."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eL \u0026amp; T Respess purchased the  account book  from  a bookseller in Boston  who  had (at the time of their purchase, in 2010) acquired it from  one of his regular scouts, at a local (i.e., somewhere in New England) estate sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe book itself has ownership notes  inside the  front cover: \"This  book, once  the property of Carlton  Shafer, is given to  A. Piatt  Andrew  by his cousin and friend, Sara Andrew  Shafer, March  1910.    Her husband's name  [i.e. Carlton Shafer] will always  be remembered as Cadet Captain of Co. B. Virginia Military Institute,\nLexington Virginia, 1861-1864 -- which  he commanded at the  Battle of New Market, May 15th  1864, the only  battle recorded in history which was won by school boys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShafer  was born  in 1844 near  Leesburg, Virginia, which  is in Loudoun County, location of the  farm  documented by the  account  book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["L \u0026 T Respess purchased the  account book  from  a bookseller in Boston  who  had (at the time of their purchase, in 2010) acquired it from  one of his regular scouts, at a local (i.e., somewhere in New England) estate sale.","The book itself has ownership notes  inside the  front cover: \"This  book, once  the property of Carlton  Shafer, is given to  A. Piatt  Andrew  by his cousin and friend, Sara Andrew  Shafer, March  1910.    Her husband's name  [i.e. Carlton Shafer] will always  be remembered as Cadet Captain of Co. B. Virginia Military Institute,\nLexington Virginia, 1861-1864 -- which  he commanded at the  Battle of New Market, May 15th  1864, the only  battle recorded in history which was won by school boys.\"","Shafer  was born  in 1844 near  Leesburg, Virginia, which  is in Loudoun County, location of the  farm  documented by the  account  book."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason family manuscript account book, C0214, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mason family manuscript account book, C0214, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in July 2012 by Jordan Patty. Abstract, Biographical Note, Scope and Content, and Bibliography edited/added by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2022. EAD markup completed in 2012 by Jordan Patty.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in July 2012 by Jordan Patty. Abstract, Biographical Note, Scope and Content, and Bibliography edited/added by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2022. EAD markup completed in 2012 by Jordan Patty."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr title=\"Elizabeth Fairfax cookbook\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/193\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and other materials on the greater Mason family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cextptr title=\"Enslaved Children of George Mason Project\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://ecgm.omeka.net/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e \"seeks to reconstruct the 18th-century experiences of enslaved children and adults on the Gunston Hall Plantation. The purpose of [their] research is to raise awareness that the namesake of George Mason University sought the benefits of slavery and believed that the people he owned were property without free will or basic rights.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and other materials on the greater Mason family.","The  \"seeks to reconstruct the 18th-century experiences of enslaved children and adults on the Gunston Hall Plantation. The purpose of [their] research is to raise awareness that the namesake of George Mason University sought the benefits of slavery and believed that the people he owned were property without free will or basic rights.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University. Included in the accounting are extensive records for the operation of Raspberry Plain Farm (which once belonged to George Mason IV) near Leesburg (Loudoun County), Virginia. The account book includes records of the people the Masons enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStevens Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1792 until his death in 1803. Financial information about his legal practice and fees appear on pages 52-54, 68-90, and intermittent throughout.  There is also information on expenses and other transactions connected with Raspberry Plain Farm in Leesburg, Virginia.  After the death of Stevens Thomson, it remained in possession of his widow but was operated by Armistead Thomson Mason.  Included are general expenses for goods and services, such as hauling and plowing, information on the hire or purchase of enslaved people, and overseers' wages. Much of the information on enslavement appears on pages 11-51, 55-67, and 91-92. There are also miscellaneous personal and family accounts throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1810 until his death in 1819. Expenses and other transactions connected both with his own farm (Selma) and with Raspberry Plain Farm, including enslaved people hired, owned, bought and sold, and overseers' wages.  Much of this information appears on pages 96-101 and 103-104.  The descriptions of enslavement at Raspberry Plain Faim continue on pages 105-108 in the accounts with his sister, Mary Mason, with whom he operated Raspberry Plain Farm. Some of the descriptions of enslavement include names and incidents such as an expense \"for apprehending their negro man John Tebbs …Joe ran away in August...has never been heard of since…\" on pages 153-155.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe accounts also include descriptions of land transactions and other business. An account with his older brother John Thomson Mason relating to lands in Kentucky and to purchase of his interest in Raspberry Plain Farm on page 151. Armistead Thomson worked as the as executor of the estate of General Hugh Douglas. An extensive record of this account appears on pages 112, 133-148, 161-163, 171, and 178-179. Douglas, the son of Loudoun County Sheriff William Douglas, served in American Revolution and the War of 1812, and he died in 1815. He also managed an account as trustee of his father's estate as noted on pages 157-159. Page 157 includes a reference to \"General Washington's Executors.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Stevens Thomson and Armistead Thomson authored most of the account entries, William Temple Thomson Mason also contributed a number of entries including the account of the estate of Armistead Thomson Mason on pages 184-186. Other entries in hand of William Temple can be found on pages 129, 150, 159, and 164. He was the half-brother of Stevens Thomson and the uncle of Armistead Thomson. Other Mason family members represented in the accounts include John Thomson Mason (1765-1824) on page 47, John Thomson Mason (1787-1850) on page 151, Stevens Thomson Mason, Jr. (1789-1815) on pages 96-101, Mary Mason on pages 105-108, Robert Armistead on page 111, and Elizabeth and Mary Armistead on pages 153-155.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University. Included in the accounting are extensive records for the operation of Raspberry Plain Farm (which once belonged to George Mason IV) near Leesburg (Loudoun County), Virginia. The account book includes records of the people the Masons enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended.","Stevens Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1792 until his death in 1803. Financial information about his legal practice and fees appear on pages 52-54, 68-90, and intermittent throughout.  There is also information on expenses and other transactions connected with Raspberry Plain Farm in Leesburg, Virginia.  After the death of Stevens Thomson, it remained in possession of his widow but was operated by Armistead Thomson Mason.  Included are general expenses for goods and services, such as hauling and plowing, information on the hire or purchase of enslaved people, and overseers' wages. Much of the information on enslavement appears on pages 11-51, 55-67, and 91-92. There are also miscellaneous personal and family accounts throughout.","Armistead Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1810 until his death in 1819. Expenses and other transactions connected both with his own farm (Selma) and with Raspberry Plain Farm, including enslaved people hired, owned, bought and sold, and overseers' wages.  Much of this information appears on pages 96-101 and 103-104.  The descriptions of enslavement at Raspberry Plain Faim continue on pages 105-108 in the accounts with his sister, Mary Mason, with whom he operated Raspberry Plain Farm. Some of the descriptions of enslavement include names and incidents such as an expense \"for apprehending their negro man John Tebbs …Joe ran away in August...has never been heard of since…\" on pages 153-155.","The accounts also include descriptions of land transactions and other business. An account with his older brother John Thomson Mason relating to lands in Kentucky and to purchase of his interest in Raspberry Plain Farm on page 151. Armistead Thomson worked as the as executor of the estate of General Hugh Douglas. An extensive record of this account appears on pages 112, 133-148, 161-163, 171, and 178-179. Douglas, the son of Loudoun County Sheriff William Douglas, served in American Revolution and the War of 1812, and he died in 1815. He also managed an account as trustee of his father's estate as noted on pages 157-159. Page 157 includes a reference to \"General Washington's Executors.\"","Although Stevens Thomson and Armistead Thomson authored most of the account entries, William Temple Thomson Mason also contributed a number of entries including the account of the estate of Armistead Thomson Mason on pages 184-186. Other entries in hand of William Temple can be found on pages 129, 150, 159, and 164. He was the half-brother of Stevens Thomson and the uncle of Armistead Thomson. Other Mason family members represented in the accounts include John Thomson Mason (1765-1824) on page 47, John Thomson Mason (1787-1850) on page 151, Stevens Thomson Mason, Jr. (1789-1815) on pages 96-101, Mary Mason on pages 105-108, Robert Armistead on page 111, and Elizabeth and Mary Armistead on pages 153-155."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_026fbadbc5693cea96810ff996878af8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eManuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7650aba258757119c310df8b4cc1ee5f\"\u003eR46, C1, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R46, C1, S5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Mason"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mason"],"persname_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason","Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:37.194Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_330","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_330.xml","title_ssm":["Mason family manuscript account book"],"title_tesim":["Mason family manuscript account book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1792-1820"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1792-1820"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792/1820"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820"],"text":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820","C0214","/repositories/2/resources/330","Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Agriculture -- Virginia","Plantations -- Virginia","Slavery -- United States","Account books","Manuscripts","There are no access restrictions.","A digital version of the account book is available .","The account book is organized chronologically with an index of names in the first part of the book.","Bracey, Alexis. \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade.\" Enslaved Children of George Mason. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://ecgm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/family-connections-to-the-slav/family-connections-to-the-slav","Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References,\" accessed April 23, 2022. https://lfportal.loudoun.gov/LFPortalInternet/0/edoc/549076/Slave%20Issues%20Fiduciary%20References%20formatted%20for%20website.pdf.","Raspberry Plain Manor. \"Raspberry Plain Manor History.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.raspberryplainmanor.com/history","Selma Mansion. \"Families of Selma.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://selmamansionrebirth.com/selma-in-history/families-of-selma/","Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) was the nephew of George Mason IV, the George Mason University namesake.  As highlighted by the Enslaved Children of George Mason project, Stevens's father, Thomson Mason, was an active participant in the trade of enslaved people kidnapped from West Africa (Alexis Bracey, \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade\"). Stevens Mason inherited Raspberry Plain Farm, from his father in 1785 (Raspberry Plain Manor, \"Raspberry Plain Manor History\"). According to the Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, Mason enslaved 69 people listed in his will at the time of his death in 1803 (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records And Deeds Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). Mason served as a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, an aide to General George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, and a Republican Senator from Virginia (1794-1803), succeeding James Monroe.  He was a delegate to the Virginia ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788, and a graduate of William and Mary College.","Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819) was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason and a grandnephew of George Mason IV. He was given land that had been part of Raspberry Plain Farm in 1808, on which he built Selma (Selma Mansion, \"Families of Selma\"). At his death in 1819, he enslaved 71 people who were listed in his will (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). He served as a United States Senator from Virginia (1816-1817), and he also graduated from William and Mary College. He was appointed to Brigadier General of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812. He was killed by his cousin, John M. McCarty, in an infamous duel over a disputed election.","L \u0026 T Respess purchased the  account book  from  a bookseller in Boston  who  had (at the time of their purchase, in 2010) acquired it from  one of his regular scouts, at a local (i.e., somewhere in New England) estate sale.","The book itself has ownership notes  inside the  front cover: \"This  book, once  the property of Carlton  Shafer, is given to  A. Piatt  Andrew  by his cousin and friend, Sara Andrew  Shafer, March  1910.    Her husband's name  [i.e. Carlton Shafer] will always  be remembered as Cadet Captain of Co. B. Virginia Military Institute,\nLexington Virginia, 1861-1864 -- which  he commanded at the  Battle of New Market, May 15th  1864, the only  battle recorded in history which was won by school boys.\"","Shafer  was born  in 1844 near  Leesburg, Virginia, which  is in Loudoun County, location of the  farm  documented by the  account  book.","Processed in July 2012 by Jordan Patty. Abstract, Biographical Note, Scope and Content, and Bibliography edited/added by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2022. EAD markup completed in 2012 by Jordan Patty.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and other materials on the greater Mason family.","The  \"seeks to reconstruct the 18th-century experiences of enslaved children and adults on the Gunston Hall Plantation. The purpose of [their] research is to raise awareness that the namesake of George Mason University sought the benefits of slavery and believed that the people he owned were property without free will or basic rights.\"","Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University. Included in the accounting are extensive records for the operation of Raspberry Plain Farm (which once belonged to George Mason IV) near Leesburg (Loudoun County), Virginia. The account book includes records of the people the Masons enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended.","Stevens Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1792 until his death in 1803. Financial information about his legal practice and fees appear on pages 52-54, 68-90, and intermittent throughout.  There is also information on expenses and other transactions connected with Raspberry Plain Farm in Leesburg, Virginia.  After the death of Stevens Thomson, it remained in possession of his widow but was operated by Armistead Thomson Mason.  Included are general expenses for goods and services, such as hauling and plowing, information on the hire or purchase of enslaved people, and overseers' wages. Much of the information on enslavement appears on pages 11-51, 55-67, and 91-92. There are also miscellaneous personal and family accounts throughout.","Armistead Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1810 until his death in 1819. Expenses and other transactions connected both with his own farm (Selma) and with Raspberry Plain Farm, including enslaved people hired, owned, bought and sold, and overseers' wages.  Much of this information appears on pages 96-101 and 103-104.  The descriptions of enslavement at Raspberry Plain Faim continue on pages 105-108 in the accounts with his sister, Mary Mason, with whom he operated Raspberry Plain Farm. Some of the descriptions of enslavement include names and incidents such as an expense \"for apprehending their negro man John Tebbs …Joe ran away in August...has never been heard of since…\" on pages 153-155.","The accounts also include descriptions of land transactions and other business. An account with his older brother John Thomson Mason relating to lands in Kentucky and to purchase of his interest in Raspberry Plain Farm on page 151. Armistead Thomson worked as the as executor of the estate of General Hugh Douglas. An extensive record of this account appears on pages 112, 133-148, 161-163, 171, and 178-179. Douglas, the son of Loudoun County Sheriff William Douglas, served in American Revolution and the War of 1812, and he died in 1815. He also managed an account as trustee of his father's estate as noted on pages 157-159. Page 157 includes a reference to \"General Washington's Executors.\"","Although Stevens Thomson and Armistead Thomson authored most of the account entries, William Temple Thomson Mason also contributed a number of entries including the account of the estate of Armistead Thomson Mason on pages 184-186. Other entries in hand of William Temple can be found on pages 129, 150, 159, and 164. He was the half-brother of Stevens Thomson and the uncle of Armistead Thomson. Other Mason family members represented in the accounts include John Thomson Mason (1765-1824) on page 47, John Thomson Mason (1787-1850) on page 151, Stevens Thomson Mason, Jr. (1789-1815) on pages 96-101, Mary Mason on pages 105-108, Robert Armistead on page 111, and Elizabeth and Mary Armistead on pages 153-155.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University.","R46, C1, S5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason","Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820"],"collection_ssim":["Mason family manuscript account book, 1792/1820"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0214","/repositories/2/resources/330"],"unitid_tesim":["C0214","/repositories/2/resources/330"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Mason"],"creators_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Mason"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Virginia","Plantations -- Virginia","Slavery -- United States","Account books","Manuscripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Virginia","Plantations -- Virginia","Slavery -- United States","Account books","Manuscripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 volume, 344 pages"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 volume, 344 pages"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts"],"date_range_isim":[1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digital version of the account book is available \u003cextptr href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/s/t6x143\" title=\"here\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A digital version of the account book is available ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe account book is organized chronologically with an index of names in the first part of the book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The account book is organized chronologically with an index of names in the first part of the book."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBracey, Alexis. \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade.\" \u003ci\u003eEnslaved Children of George Mason\u003c/i\u003e. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://ecgm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/family-connections-to-the-slav/family-connections-to-the-slav\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eLoudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References,\" accessed April 23, 2022. https://lfportal.loudoun.gov/LFPortalInternet/0/edoc/549076/Slave%20Issues%20Fiduciary%20References%20formatted%20for%20website.pdf.\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eRaspberry Plain Manor. \"Raspberry Plain Manor History.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.raspberryplainmanor.com/history\u003c/p\u003e ","\u003cp\u003eSelma Mansion. \"Families of Selma.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://selmamansionrebirth.com/selma-in-history/families-of-selma/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Bracey, Alexis. \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade.\" Enslaved Children of George Mason. Accessed April 22, 2022. https://ecgm.omeka.net/exhibits/show/family-connections-to-the-slav/family-connections-to-the-slav","Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References,\" accessed April 23, 2022. https://lfportal.loudoun.gov/LFPortalInternet/0/edoc/549076/Slave%20Issues%20Fiduciary%20References%20formatted%20for%20website.pdf.","Raspberry Plain Manor. \"Raspberry Plain Manor History.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://www.raspberryplainmanor.com/history","Selma Mansion. \"Families of Selma.\" Accessed April 22, 2022. https://selmamansionrebirth.com/selma-in-history/families-of-selma/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) was the nephew of George Mason IV, the George Mason University namesake.  As highlighted by the Enslaved Children of George Mason project, Stevens's father, Thomson Mason, was an active participant in the trade of enslaved people kidnapped from West Africa (Alexis Bracey, \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade\"). Stevens Mason inherited Raspberry Plain Farm, from his father in 1785 (Raspberry Plain Manor, \"Raspberry Plain Manor History\"). According to the Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, Mason enslaved 69 people listed in his will at the time of his death in 1803 (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records And Deeds Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). Mason served as a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, an aide to General George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, and a Republican Senator from Virginia (1794-1803), succeeding James Monroe.  He was a delegate to the Virginia ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788, and a graduate of William and Mary College.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819) was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason and a grandnephew of George Mason IV. He was given land that had been part of Raspberry Plain Farm in 1808, on which he built Selma (Selma Mansion, \"Families of Selma\"). At his death in 1819, he enslaved 71 people who were listed in his will (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). He served as a United States Senator from Virginia (1816-1817), and he also graduated from William and Mary College. He was appointed to Brigadier General of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812. He was killed by his cousin, John M. McCarty, in an infamous duel over a disputed election.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) was the nephew of George Mason IV, the George Mason University namesake.  As highlighted by the Enslaved Children of George Mason project, Stevens's father, Thomson Mason, was an active participant in the trade of enslaved people kidnapped from West Africa (Alexis Bracey, \"Family Connections to the Slave Trade\"). Stevens Mason inherited Raspberry Plain Farm, from his father in 1785 (Raspberry Plain Manor, \"Raspberry Plain Manor History\"). According to the Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, Mason enslaved 69 people listed in his will at the time of his death in 1803 (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records And Deeds Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). Mason served as a colonel in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, an aide to General George Washington at the Battle of Yorktown, and a Republican Senator from Virginia (1794-1803), succeeding James Monroe.  He was a delegate to the Virginia ratification of the United States Constitution in 1788, and a graduate of William and Mary College.","Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819) was the son of Stevens Thomson Mason and a grandnephew of George Mason IV. He was given land that had been part of Raspberry Plain Farm in 1808, on which he built Selma (Selma Mansion, \"Families of Selma\"). At his death in 1819, he enslaved 71 people who were listed in his will (Loudoun County Clerk of the Circuit Court Historic Records and Deed Research, \"Enslaved Issues: Fiduciary References\"). He served as a United States Senator from Virginia (1816-1817), and he also graduated from William and Mary College. He was appointed to Brigadier General of the Virginia Militia during the War of 1812. He was killed by his cousin, John M. McCarty, in an infamous duel over a disputed election."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eL \u0026amp; T Respess purchased the  account book  from  a bookseller in Boston  who  had (at the time of their purchase, in 2010) acquired it from  one of his regular scouts, at a local (i.e., somewhere in New England) estate sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe book itself has ownership notes  inside the  front cover: \"This  book, once  the property of Carlton  Shafer, is given to  A. Piatt  Andrew  by his cousin and friend, Sara Andrew  Shafer, March  1910.    Her husband's name  [i.e. Carlton Shafer] will always  be remembered as Cadet Captain of Co. B. Virginia Military Institute,\nLexington Virginia, 1861-1864 -- which  he commanded at the  Battle of New Market, May 15th  1864, the only  battle recorded in history which was won by school boys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShafer  was born  in 1844 near  Leesburg, Virginia, which  is in Loudoun County, location of the  farm  documented by the  account  book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["L \u0026 T Respess purchased the  account book  from  a bookseller in Boston  who  had (at the time of their purchase, in 2010) acquired it from  one of his regular scouts, at a local (i.e., somewhere in New England) estate sale.","The book itself has ownership notes  inside the  front cover: \"This  book, once  the property of Carlton  Shafer, is given to  A. Piatt  Andrew  by his cousin and friend, Sara Andrew  Shafer, March  1910.    Her husband's name  [i.e. Carlton Shafer] will always  be remembered as Cadet Captain of Co. B. Virginia Military Institute,\nLexington Virginia, 1861-1864 -- which  he commanded at the  Battle of New Market, May 15th  1864, the only  battle recorded in history which was won by school boys.\"","Shafer  was born  in 1844 near  Leesburg, Virginia, which  is in Loudoun County, location of the  farm  documented by the  account  book."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason family manuscript account book, C0214, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Mason family manuscript account book, C0214, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in July 2012 by Jordan Patty. Abstract, Biographical Note, Scope and Content, and Bibliography edited/added by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2022. EAD markup completed in 2012 by Jordan Patty.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in July 2012 by Jordan Patty. Abstract, Biographical Note, Scope and Content, and Bibliography edited/added by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2022. EAD markup completed in 2012 by Jordan Patty."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr title=\"Elizabeth Fairfax cookbook\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/193\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and other materials on the greater Mason family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cextptr title=\"Enslaved Children of George Mason Project\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://ecgm.omeka.net/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e \"seeks to reconstruct the 18th-century experiences of enslaved children and adults on the Gunston Hall Plantation. The purpose of [their] research is to raise awareness that the namesake of George Mason University sought the benefits of slavery and believed that the people he owned were property without free will or basic rights.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  and other materials on the greater Mason family.","The  \"seeks to reconstruct the 18th-century experiences of enslaved children and adults on the Gunston Hall Plantation. The purpose of [their] research is to raise awareness that the namesake of George Mason University sought the benefits of slavery and believed that the people he owned were property without free will or basic rights.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University. Included in the accounting are extensive records for the operation of Raspberry Plain Farm (which once belonged to George Mason IV) near Leesburg (Loudoun County), Virginia. The account book includes records of the people the Masons enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStevens Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1792 until his death in 1803. Financial information about his legal practice and fees appear on pages 52-54, 68-90, and intermittent throughout.  There is also information on expenses and other transactions connected with Raspberry Plain Farm in Leesburg, Virginia.  After the death of Stevens Thomson, it remained in possession of his widow but was operated by Armistead Thomson Mason.  Included are general expenses for goods and services, such as hauling and plowing, information on the hire or purchase of enslaved people, and overseers' wages. Much of the information on enslavement appears on pages 11-51, 55-67, and 91-92. There are also miscellaneous personal and family accounts throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArmistead Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1810 until his death in 1819. Expenses and other transactions connected both with his own farm (Selma) and with Raspberry Plain Farm, including enslaved people hired, owned, bought and sold, and overseers' wages.  Much of this information appears on pages 96-101 and 103-104.  The descriptions of enslavement at Raspberry Plain Faim continue on pages 105-108 in the accounts with his sister, Mary Mason, with whom he operated Raspberry Plain Farm. Some of the descriptions of enslavement include names and incidents such as an expense \"for apprehending their negro man John Tebbs …Joe ran away in August...has never been heard of since…\" on pages 153-155.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe accounts also include descriptions of land transactions and other business. An account with his older brother John Thomson Mason relating to lands in Kentucky and to purchase of his interest in Raspberry Plain Farm on page 151. Armistead Thomson worked as the as executor of the estate of General Hugh Douglas. An extensive record of this account appears on pages 112, 133-148, 161-163, 171, and 178-179. Douglas, the son of Loudoun County Sheriff William Douglas, served in American Revolution and the War of 1812, and he died in 1815. He also managed an account as trustee of his father's estate as noted on pages 157-159. Page 157 includes a reference to \"General Washington's Executors.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough Stevens Thomson and Armistead Thomson authored most of the account entries, William Temple Thomson Mason also contributed a number of entries including the account of the estate of Armistead Thomson Mason on pages 184-186. Other entries in hand of William Temple can be found on pages 129, 150, 159, and 164. He was the half-brother of Stevens Thomson and the uncle of Armistead Thomson. Other Mason family members represented in the accounts include John Thomson Mason (1765-1824) on page 47, John Thomson Mason (1787-1850) on page 151, Stevens Thomson Mason, Jr. (1789-1815) on pages 96-101, Mary Mason on pages 105-108, Robert Armistead on page 111, and Elizabeth and Mary Armistead on pages 153-155.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University. Included in the accounting are extensive records for the operation of Raspberry Plain Farm (which once belonged to George Mason IV) near Leesburg (Loudoun County), Virginia. The account book includes records of the people the Masons enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended.","Stevens Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1792 until his death in 1803. Financial information about his legal practice and fees appear on pages 52-54, 68-90, and intermittent throughout.  There is also information on expenses and other transactions connected with Raspberry Plain Farm in Leesburg, Virginia.  After the death of Stevens Thomson, it remained in possession of his widow but was operated by Armistead Thomson Mason.  Included are general expenses for goods and services, such as hauling and plowing, information on the hire or purchase of enslaved people, and overseers' wages. Much of the information on enslavement appears on pages 11-51, 55-67, and 91-92. There are also miscellaneous personal and family accounts throughout.","Armistead Thomson Mason wrote the accounts from 1810 until his death in 1819. Expenses and other transactions connected both with his own farm (Selma) and with Raspberry Plain Farm, including enslaved people hired, owned, bought and sold, and overseers' wages.  Much of this information appears on pages 96-101 and 103-104.  The descriptions of enslavement at Raspberry Plain Faim continue on pages 105-108 in the accounts with his sister, Mary Mason, with whom he operated Raspberry Plain Farm. Some of the descriptions of enslavement include names and incidents such as an expense \"for apprehending their negro man John Tebbs …Joe ran away in August...has never been heard of since…\" on pages 153-155.","The accounts also include descriptions of land transactions and other business. An account with his older brother John Thomson Mason relating to lands in Kentucky and to purchase of his interest in Raspberry Plain Farm on page 151. Armistead Thomson worked as the as executor of the estate of General Hugh Douglas. An extensive record of this account appears on pages 112, 133-148, 161-163, 171, and 178-179. Douglas, the son of Loudoun County Sheriff William Douglas, served in American Revolution and the War of 1812, and he died in 1815. He also managed an account as trustee of his father's estate as noted on pages 157-159. Page 157 includes a reference to \"General Washington's Executors.\"","Although Stevens Thomson and Armistead Thomson authored most of the account entries, William Temple Thomson Mason also contributed a number of entries including the account of the estate of Armistead Thomson Mason on pages 184-186. Other entries in hand of William Temple can be found on pages 129, 150, 159, and 164. He was the half-brother of Stevens Thomson and the uncle of Armistead Thomson. Other Mason family members represented in the accounts include John Thomson Mason (1765-1824) on page 47, John Thomson Mason (1787-1850) on page 151, Stevens Thomson Mason, Jr. (1789-1815) on pages 96-101, Mary Mason on pages 105-108, Robert Armistead on page 111, and Elizabeth and Mary Armistead on pages 153-155."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_026fbadbc5693cea96810ff996878af8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eManuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Manuscript account book documenting the business, professional, family, and personal accounts of Stevens Thomson Mason (1760-1803) and Armistead Thomson Mason (1787-1819). The account book includes records of the people they enslaved, on whom their finances and wealth depended. The two men were father and son and the nephew and grandnephew of George Mason IV, the namesake of George Mason University."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7650aba258757119c310df8b4cc1ee5f\"\u003eR46, C1, S5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R46, C1, S5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["Mason"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mason"],"persname_ssim":["Mason, Armistead Thomson, 1787-1819","Mason, Stevens Thomson, 1760-1803"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Organizations in the collection include: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia State Water Control Board, Metropolitan Council of Governments, and Fairfax County Government.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_23","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_23","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_23","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_23","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_23.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers","title_ssm":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1962-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1962-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers"],"text":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers","C0066","/repositories/2/resources/23","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Fairfax County (Va.)","Virginia","Environmental policy -- Virginia","Correspondence","Newspapers","Video recordings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by subject.","Noman M. Cole, Jr. was a leading figure in the area of environmental quality in the Northern Virginia area and elsewhere. Mr. Cole served in a variety of state and local assignments pertaining to pollution control. He was technical and policy adviser to Governors John Dalton and Linwood Holton on energy and water pollution abatement. The government of Fairfax County and civic groups received guidance from him as well. Mr. Cole also was the principal author of the 1971 Occoquan Watershed Policy, which prompted creation of a sewage authority there as well as of a world-class treatment plant.","Mr. Cole's expertise also extended to global issues. He was a nuclear engineer who was a leader in the inspection and rectification of problems involving the reactor after the Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania. He served on the Ukrainian international jury reviewing proposals to stabilize Chernobyl Unit No. 4 after the disaster there. Mr. Cole assisted the Russian government in defueling its nuclear-powered submarines.","Later in his life, and most importantly for the Northern Virginia region, he developed a number of plants and processes to aid in the reclamation of water from the upper Occoquan and consequentially, the lower Potomac watersheds. His engineering expertise and unmitigated success in this area led grateful water treatment officials to name a plant in Lorton, Virginia in his name.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. 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Materials include reports on the design, operation, and performance of pollution control systems; correspondence; studies; news clippings; and motion picture film. Organizations in the collection include: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia State Water Control Board, Metropolitan Council of Governments, and Fairfax County Government.","R26, C2, S4 - C1, S7\nR26, C3, S2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Virginia. Department of Environmental Quality","Virginia. State Water Control Board","Cole, Norman M. (Norman Monroe), 1933-1997","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers"],"collection_ssim":["Noman M. 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Cole, Jr. was a leading figure in the area of environmental quality in the Northern Virginia area and elsewhere. Mr. Cole served in a variety of state and local assignments pertaining to pollution control. He was technical and policy adviser to Governors John Dalton and Linwood Holton on energy and water pollution abatement. The government of Fairfax County and civic groups received guidance from him as well. Mr. Cole also was the principal author of the 1971 Occoquan Watershed Policy, which prompted creation of a sewage authority there as well as of a world-class treatment plant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMr. Cole's expertise also extended to global issues. He was a nuclear engineer who was a leader in the inspection and rectification of problems involving the reactor after the Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania. He served on the Ukrainian international jury reviewing proposals to stabilize Chernobyl Unit No. 4 after the disaster there. Mr. Cole assisted the Russian government in defueling its nuclear-powered submarines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLater in his life, and most importantly for the Northern Virginia region, he developed a number of plants and processes to aid in the reclamation of water from the upper Occoquan and consequentially, the lower Potomac watersheds. His engineering expertise and unmitigated success in this area led grateful water treatment officials to name a plant in Lorton, Virginia in his name. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. was a leading figure in the area of environmental quality in the Northern Virginia area and elsewhere. Mr. Cole served in a variety of state and local assignments pertaining to pollution control. He was technical and policy adviser to Governors John Dalton and Linwood Holton on energy and water pollution abatement. 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His engineering expertise and unmitigated success in this area led grateful water treatment officials to name a plant in Lorton, Virginia in his name."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNoman M. Cole, Jr. papers, C0066, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Noman M. Cole, Jr. papers, C0066, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in March 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in March 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Carol D. 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He was a nuclear engineer who was a leader in the inspection and rectification of problems involving the reactor after the Three Mile Island accident in Pennsylvania. He served on the Ukrainian international jury reviewing proposals to stabilize Chernobyl Unit No. 4 after the disaster there. Mr. Cole assisted the Russian government in defueling its nuclear-powered submarines.","Later in his life, and most importantly for the Northern Virginia region, he developed a number of plants and processes to aid in the reclamation of water from the upper Occoquan and consequentially, the lower Potomac watersheds. His engineering expertise and unmitigated success in this area led grateful water treatment officials to name a plant in Lorton, Virginia in his name.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. 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Organizations in the collection include: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia State Water Control Board, Metropolitan Council of Governments, and Fairfax County Government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection covers his environmental work (particularly in the area of water pollution control and reclamation) in Northern Virginia and other areas in the Commonwealth. Materials include reports on the design, operation, and performance of pollution control systems; correspondence; studies; news clippings; and motion picture film. Organizations in the collection include: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia State Water Control Board, Metropolitan Council of Governments, and Fairfax County Government."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a2e18ac34f3d7a01844c39181dccf70a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection covers his environmental work (particularly in the area of water pollution control and reclamation) in Northern Virginia and other areas in the Commonwealth. Materials include reports on the design, operation, and performance of pollution control systems; correspondence; studies; news clippings; and motion picture film. Organizations in the collection include: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia State Water Control Board, Metropolitan Council of Governments, and Fairfax County Government.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection covers his environmental work (particularly in the area of water pollution control and reclamation) in Northern Virginia and other areas in the Commonwealth. Materials include reports on the design, operation, and performance of pollution control systems; correspondence; studies; news clippings; and motion picture film. Organizations in the collection include: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia State Water Control Board, Metropolitan Council of Governments, and Fairfax County Government."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_face964cea24f49c5e753c40dc0b2d8a\"\u003eR26, C2, S4 - C1, S7\nR26, C3, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R26, C2, S4 - C1, S7\nR26, C3, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Virginia. Department of Environmental Quality","Virginia. State Water Control Board"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia. Department of Environmental Quality","Virginia. State Water Control Board"],"persname_ssim":["Cole, Norman M. (Norman Monroe), 1933-1997"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Virginia. Department of Environmental Quality","Virginia. State Water Control Board","Cole, Norman M. (Norman Monroe), 1933-1997"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":316,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:31.450Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_23"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:21.201Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia farmer's diary","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_454.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia farmer's diary","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"text":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary","C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454","Virginia, Northern","Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","Diary entries are organized chronologically by date.","Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.","The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.","R54, C3, S2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"unitid_tesim":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessioned by the Special Collections Research Center in June 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDiary entries are organized chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Diary entries are organized chronologically by date."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cextptr href=\"https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1651244623.html?FMT=AI\" title=\"Vaughn, Curtis L. 'Freedom is Not Enough: African-Americans in Antebellum Fairfax County,' PhD. dissertation, George Mason University, 2014.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.fxva.com/275/history-essays/the-end-of-civil-war/\" title=\"Netherton, Nan, et. al. 'The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds,' Fairfax County Virginia: a History, 1978, Fairfax County Virginia, accessed June 11, 2018.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\")."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5397856004c87e44889c0e1f7464d08f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eDaily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7160e1e24183a0680dc5a52c6eecb2b2\"\u003eR54, C3, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C3, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_454.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia farmer's diary","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"text":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary","C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454","Virginia, Northern","Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","Diary entries are organized chronologically by date.","Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.","The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.","R54, C3, S2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"unitid_tesim":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessioned by the Special Collections Research Center in June 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDiary entries are organized chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Diary entries are organized chronologically by date."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cextptr href=\"https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1651244623.html?FMT=AI\" title=\"Vaughn, Curtis L. 'Freedom is Not Enough: African-Americans in Antebellum Fairfax County,' PhD. dissertation, George Mason University, 2014.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.fxva.com/275/history-essays/the-end-of-civil-war/\" title=\"Netherton, Nan, et. al. 'The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds,' Fairfax County Virginia: a History, 1978, Fairfax County Virginia, accessed June 11, 2018.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\")."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5397856004c87e44889c0e1f7464d08f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eDaily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7160e1e24183a0680dc5a52c6eecb2b2\"\u003eR54, C3, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C3, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Department of History","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_73.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia history colletion","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia history collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1911-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1987"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987"],"text":["Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987","C0123","/repositories/2/resources/73","Virginia, Northern -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Newsletters","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by date and subject.","The George Mason University Department of History was actively involved in the promotion and documentation of Northern Virginia history during the 1970s and 1980s. As other local history organizations became more involved in Northern Virginia history, the history department ceased collecting material.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","The Special Collections Research center holds many other collections on the history of Northern Virginia.","This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and eight boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0123","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"unitid_tesim":["C0123","/repositories/2/resources/73"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Department of History"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Department of History"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection was donated by the George Mason University Department of History."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Newsletters","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Newsletters","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 10 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by date and subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by date and subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University Department of History was actively involved in the promotion and documentation of Northern Virginia history during the 1970s and 1980s. As other local history organizations became more involved in Northern Virginia history, the history department ceased collecting material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The George Mason University Department of History was actively involved in the promotion and documentation of Northern Virginia history during the 1970s and 1980s. As other local history organizations became more involved in Northern Virginia history, the history department ceased collecting material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia history collection, C0123, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia history collection, C0123, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds many other collections on the history of Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds many other collections on the history of Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and eight boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and eight boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2fe6ce1de4b7eedc7c8b4cc4927571aa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_73.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia history colletion","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia history collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1911-1987"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1911-1987"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1911/1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987"],"text":["Northern Virginia history collection, 1911/1987","C0123","/repositories/2/resources/73","Virginia, Northern -- History","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History, Local","Newsletters","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by date and subject.","The George Mason University Department of History was actively involved in the promotion and documentation of Northern Virginia history during the 1970s and 1980s. As other local history organizations became more involved in Northern Virginia history, the history department ceased collecting material.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.","The Special Collections Research center holds many other collections on the history of Northern Virginia.","This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and eight boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. 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Department of History"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Department of History"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection was donated by the George Mason University Department of History."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Newsletters","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Newsletters","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet 10 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet 10 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by date and subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by date and subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George Mason University Department of History was actively involved in the promotion and documentation of Northern Virginia history during the 1970s and 1980s. 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EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds many other collections on the history of Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds many other collections on the history of Northern Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and eight boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and eight boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2fe6ce1de4b7eedc7c8b4cc4927571aa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains materials on the history of Northern Virginia, including \"Northern Virginia Heritage,\" a George Mason University local history journal from the 1980s, a few dozen issues of \"The Courier,\" newsletter for the Northern Virginia Association of Historians, and 8 boxes of newsclippings dating from 1911-1970, which were compiled by the GMU History Department in the 1970s."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Department of History","George Mason University","Northern Virginia Association for History"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:13.746Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_73"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_182","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia Music Center at Reston collection, 1967/1979","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_182#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Meir, Robert C.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_182#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Northern Virginia Music Center at Reston collection contains correspondence, articles, photographs, and 56 audiotape reels related to music center. 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In 1972, students and faculty traveled to Lausanne, Switzerland, to participate in a series of concerts. By the mid-1970s, the Music Center encountered budget problems, and many board members, including the president, Paul S. Frick, resigned and the Center gradually dissolved. The collection contains some materials from 1978 since some students and faculty from the Center later became associated with the Northern Virginia Youth Symphony Association.","Processed in November 2011 by Kate Grauvogel. EAD markup completed in January, 2012 by Kate Grauvogel and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in September 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on Reston, Virginia.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Northern Virginia Music Center at Reston collection contains correspondence, articles, photographs, and 56 audiotape reels related to music center.  Photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of the musicians.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of the musical recordings have been digitized. Please contact SCRC for more information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Music Center Papers, 1967-1979, consists of correspondence, programs, articles, and photographs documenting the Center and its performances. Funding, budget, board minutes, member mailings, photographs, and resumes of musicians visiting the Center constitute the bulk of the materials in series 1. The photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of musicians. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Reston Recordings, is a collection of 56 audiotape reels containing Music Center performances by both faculty and students from 1969-1972. 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Photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of the musicians.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Northern Virginia Music Center at Reston collection contains correspondence, articles, photographs, and 56 audiotape reels related to music center.  Photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of the musicians."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Meir, Robert C."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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In 1972, students and faculty traveled to Lausanne, Switzerland, to participate in a series of concerts. By the mid-1970s, the Music Center encountered budget problems, and many board members, including the president, Paul S. Frick, resigned and the Center gradually dissolved. The collection contains some materials from 1978 since some students and faculty from the Center later became associated with the Northern Virginia Youth Symphony Association.","Processed in November 2011 by Kate Grauvogel. EAD markup completed in January, 2012 by Kate Grauvogel and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in September 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other collections on Reston, Virginia.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The Northern Virginia Music Center at Reston collection contains correspondence, articles, photographs, and 56 audiotape reels related to music center.  Photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of the musicians.","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of the musical recordings have been digitized. Please contact SCRC for more information."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Music Center Papers, 1967-1979, consists of correspondence, programs, articles, and photographs documenting the Center and its performances. Funding, budget, board minutes, member mailings, photographs, and resumes of musicians visiting the Center constitute the bulk of the materials in series 1. The photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of musicians. This series is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Reston Recordings, is a collection of 56 audiotape reels containing Music Center performances by both faculty and students from 1969-1972. 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Photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of the musicians.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Northern Virginia Music Center at Reston collection contains correspondence, articles, photographs, and 56 audiotape reels related to music center.  Photographs include both images of performances as well as publicity shots of the musicians."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Meir, Robert C."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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