{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions+--+19th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+conditions+--+19th+century\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_781#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tim Abbott Americana","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_781#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The account book documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_781#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_781.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County account book"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County account book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1874-1885"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874-1885"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1874/1885"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885"],"text":["Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885","SC 0400","/repositories/4/resources/781","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","African American agricultural laborers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Agricultural laborers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Account books","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The creator of the account book is unknown. Contextual evidence (i.e. patron names, vendor stamp inside front cover) suggests the account book originates in Rockingham County, Virginia.","Loose items were removed and placed in a sub-folder with the account book.","The account book, likely kept by one individual, documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.","The account book is arranged by patron name with entries listed chronologically. Entries describe the type of work completed (i.e. thrashing wheat, harvesting, shelling corn, general labor, etc.), goods bought and sold, and other services provided or paid for. The book also includes entries for laborers presumed to be in the employ of the creator of the account book. The volume also includes pages of entries labeled \"Money paid out\" and \"Money taken in\" for each year. Surnames represented in the account book include Huffman, Dungeon, Winegard, King, Stephens, Pitt, Falls, Dovel, Bowman, Carrier, Armentrout, Fridley, and others.","Of interest are several pages of account entries (1879) with John Dungeon, a local Black laborer and brother to Israel Dungeon who established Dungeon's Chapel, a historic Black church in the Pleasant Valley area of Rockingham County. Abe Dungeon and Robert (Bobb) Dungeon, sons of John Dungeon, are also listed. Additional extensive entries document money paid out toward building a barn (1880; pgs. 88, 91) and grain taken to a mill (1883, pg. 85). Two pages document an account with \"Coulored Lewis\" (1880, pgs. 32-33). The listing of money paid out in 1884 includes a July 1 entry for \"cash pd to negroes for harvesting - $34.09.\"","An 1881 election ticket for the Readjuster Party, an invoice for Richard A. Stevens' subscription to the Episcopal Methodist, and other financial documents and notes are loose and placed in a sub-folder. A braided lock of hair is laid in the account book.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Contextual evidence (i.e. patron names, vendor stamp inside front cover) suggests the account book originates in Rockingham County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rockingham County account book, 1874-1885, SC 0400, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rockingham County account book, 1874-1885, SC 0400, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose items were removed and placed in a sub-folder with the account book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose items were removed and placed in a sub-folder with the account book."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe account book, likely kept by one individual, documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account book is arranged by patron name with entries listed chronologically. Entries describe the type of work completed (i.e. thrashing wheat, harvesting, shelling corn, general labor, etc.), goods bought and sold, and other services provided or paid for. The book also includes entries for laborers presumed to be in the employ of the creator of the account book. The volume also includes pages of entries labeled \"Money paid out\" and \"Money taken in\" for each year. Surnames represented in the account book include Huffman, Dungeon, Winegard, King, Stephens, Pitt, Falls, Dovel, Bowman, Carrier, Armentrout, Fridley, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf interest are several pages of account entries (1879) with John Dungeon, a local Black laborer and brother to Israel Dungeon who established Dungeon's Chapel, a historic Black church in the Pleasant Valley area of Rockingham County. Abe Dungeon and Robert (Bobb) Dungeon, sons of John Dungeon, are also listed. Additional extensive entries document money paid out toward building a barn (1880; pgs. 88, 91) and grain taken to a mill (1883, pg. 85). Two pages document an account with \"Coulored Lewis\" (1880, pgs. 32-33). The listing of money paid out in 1884 includes a July 1 entry for \"cash pd to negroes for harvesting - $34.09.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn 1881 election ticket for the Readjuster Party, an invoice for Richard A. Stevens' subscription to the Episcopal Methodist, and other financial documents and notes are loose and placed in a sub-folder. A braided lock of hair is laid in the account book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The account book, likely kept by one individual, documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.","The account book is arranged by patron name with entries listed chronologically. Entries describe the type of work completed (i.e. thrashing wheat, harvesting, shelling corn, general labor, etc.), goods bought and sold, and other services provided or paid for. The book also includes entries for laborers presumed to be in the employ of the creator of the account book. The volume also includes pages of entries labeled \"Money paid out\" and \"Money taken in\" for each year. Surnames represented in the account book include Huffman, Dungeon, Winegard, King, Stephens, Pitt, Falls, Dovel, Bowman, Carrier, Armentrout, Fridley, and others.","Of interest are several pages of account entries (1879) with John Dungeon, a local Black laborer and brother to Israel Dungeon who established Dungeon's Chapel, a historic Black church in the Pleasant Valley area of Rockingham County. Abe Dungeon and Robert (Bobb) Dungeon, sons of John Dungeon, are also listed. Additional extensive entries document money paid out toward building a barn (1880; pgs. 88, 91) and grain taken to a mill (1883, pg. 85). Two pages document an account with \"Coulored Lewis\" (1880, pgs. 32-33). The listing of money paid out in 1884 includes a July 1 entry for \"cash pd to negroes for harvesting - $34.09.\"","An 1881 election ticket for the Readjuster Party, an invoice for Richard A. Stevens' subscription to the Episcopal Methodist, and other financial documents and notes are loose and placed in a sub-folder. A braided lock of hair is laid in the account book."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_960c4a216958db71c023361f45121ffe\"\u003eThe account book documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The account book documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana"],"names_coll_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana","Stephens family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"famname_ssim":["Stephens family"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","Stephens family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:22:31.732Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_781","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_781.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County account book"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County account book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1874-1885"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874-1885"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1874/1885"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885"],"text":["Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885","SC 0400","/repositories/4/resources/781","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","African American agricultural laborers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Agricultural laborers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Account books","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The creator of the account book is unknown. Contextual evidence (i.e. patron names, vendor stamp inside front cover) suggests the account book originates in Rockingham County, Virginia.","Loose items were removed and placed in a sub-folder with the account book.","The account book, likely kept by one individual, documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.","The account book is arranged by patron name with entries listed chronologically. Entries describe the type of work completed (i.e. thrashing wheat, harvesting, shelling corn, general labor, etc.), goods bought and sold, and other services provided or paid for. The book also includes entries for laborers presumed to be in the employ of the creator of the account book. The volume also includes pages of entries labeled \"Money paid out\" and \"Money taken in\" for each year. Surnames represented in the account book include Huffman, Dungeon, Winegard, King, Stephens, Pitt, Falls, Dovel, Bowman, Carrier, Armentrout, Fridley, and others.","Of interest are several pages of account entries (1879) with John Dungeon, a local Black laborer and brother to Israel Dungeon who established Dungeon's Chapel, a historic Black church in the Pleasant Valley area of Rockingham County. Abe Dungeon and Robert (Bobb) Dungeon, sons of John Dungeon, are also listed. Additional extensive entries document money paid out toward building a barn (1880; pgs. 88, 91) and grain taken to a mill (1883, pg. 85). Two pages document an account with \"Coulored Lewis\" (1880, pgs. 32-33). The listing of money paid out in 1884 includes a July 1 entry for \"cash pd to negroes for harvesting - $34.09.\"","An 1881 election ticket for the Readjuster Party, an invoice for Richard A. Stevens' subscription to the Episcopal Methodist, and other financial documents and notes are loose and placed in a sub-folder. A braided lock of hair is laid in the account book.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The account book documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","Stephens family","Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County account book, 1874/1885"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0400","/repositories/4/resources/781"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0400","/repositories/4/resources/781"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Tim Abbott Americana"],"creator_ssim":["Tim Abbott Americana"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stephens family"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Richard A., 1831-1890","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Tim Abbott Americana","Stephens family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Contextual evidence (i.e. patron names, vendor stamp inside front cover) suggests the account book originates in Rockingham County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rockingham County account book, 1874-1885, SC 0400, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rockingham County account book, 1874-1885, SC 0400, James Madison University Special Collections, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose items were removed and placed in a sub-folder with the account book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose items were removed and placed in a sub-folder with the account book."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe account book, likely kept by one individual, documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account book is arranged by patron name with entries listed chronologically. Entries describe the type of work completed (i.e. thrashing wheat, harvesting, shelling corn, general labor, etc.), goods bought and sold, and other services provided or paid for. The book also includes entries for laborers presumed to be in the employ of the creator of the account book. The volume also includes pages of entries labeled \"Money paid out\" and \"Money taken in\" for each year. Surnames represented in the account book include Huffman, Dungeon, Winegard, King, Stephens, Pitt, Falls, Dovel, Bowman, Carrier, Armentrout, Fridley, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf interest are several pages of account entries (1879) with John Dungeon, a local Black laborer and brother to Israel Dungeon who established Dungeon's Chapel, a historic Black church in the Pleasant Valley area of Rockingham County. Abe Dungeon and Robert (Bobb) Dungeon, sons of John Dungeon, are also listed. Additional extensive entries document money paid out toward building a barn (1880; pgs. 88, 91) and grain taken to a mill (1883, pg. 85). Two pages document an account with \"Coulored Lewis\" (1880, pgs. 32-33). The listing of money paid out in 1884 includes a July 1 entry for \"cash pd to negroes for harvesting - $34.09.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn 1881 election ticket for the Readjuster Party, an invoice for Richard A. Stevens' subscription to the Episcopal Methodist, and other financial documents and notes are loose and placed in a sub-folder. A braided lock of hair is laid in the account book.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The account book, likely kept by one individual, documents payments made and received for labor and farming activities, household expenses, and other goods and services in Rockingham County.","The account book is arranged by patron name with entries listed chronologically. Entries describe the type of work completed (i.e. thrashing wheat, harvesting, shelling corn, general labor, etc.), goods bought and sold, and other services provided or paid for. The book also includes entries for laborers presumed to be in the employ of the creator of the account book. The volume also includes pages of entries labeled \"Money paid out\" and \"Money taken in\" for each year. Surnames represented in the account book include Huffman, Dungeon, Winegard, King, Stephens, Pitt, Falls, Dovel, Bowman, Carrier, Armentrout, Fridley, and others.","Of interest are several pages of account entries (1879) with John Dungeon, a local Black laborer and brother to Israel Dungeon who established Dungeon's Chapel, a historic Black church in the Pleasant Valley area of Rockingham County. Abe Dungeon and Robert (Bobb) Dungeon, sons of John Dungeon, are also listed. Additional extensive entries document money paid out toward building a barn (1880; pgs. 88, 91) and grain taken to a mill (1883, pg. 85). Two pages document an account with \"Coulored Lewis\" (1880, pgs. 32-33). The listing of money paid out in 1884 includes a July 1 entry for \"cash pd to negroes for harvesting - $34.09.\"","An 1881 election ticket for the Readjuster Party, an invoice for Richard A. Stevens' subscription to the Episcopal Methodist, and other financial documents and notes are loose and placed in a sub-folder. A braided lock of hair is laid in the account book."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Evans \u0026 Associates","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_747#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two daybooks, presumably from a Mt. Crawford area/Rockingham County store, documenting the sale of goods and provisions.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_747#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_747","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_747","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_747","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_747","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_747.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County store daybooks"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County store daybooks"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858","1860"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1858","1860"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County store daybooks, 1858"],"text":["Rockingham County store daybooks, 1858","SC 0374","/repositories/4/resources/747","Mount Crawford (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","General stores -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Account books -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Merchants -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Records and correspondence","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Daybooks","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The name of the business and proprietors are unknown. It is possible the daybooks document the sales from a Mt. Crawford area general store. Customers Silas Skelton, Jacob Lago, Peter Tutwiler, Samuel Lutz, and Emanuel Beam and others were all Mt. Crawford residents.","From the estate of Larry Derrer, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Two daybooks, presumably from a Mt. Crawford area/Rockingham County store, documenting the sale of goods and provisions. Customers are identified with the items purchased and their sale price. Items include food (butter, molasses, coffee, eggs, sugar), household goods (calico, shoes, cambric, matches, nails, ribbon), and other sundries (tobacco). 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Surnames of customers are common to Rockingham County and the central Shenandoah Valley. Frequent surnames include Roller, Showalter, Miller, Huffman, Lago, Dinges, Skelton, Cline, Switzer, Tutwiler, and many others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5c3236d719b1e1e437193af575f47d3f\"\u003eTwo daybooks, presumably from a Mt. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The name of the business and proprietors are unknown. It is possible the daybooks document the sales from a Mt. Crawford area general store. Customers Silas Skelton, Jacob Lago, Peter Tutwiler, Samuel Lutz, and Emanuel Beam and others were all Mt. Crawford residents.","From the estate of Larry Derrer, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Two daybooks, presumably from a Mt. Crawford area/Rockingham County store, documenting the sale of goods and provisions. Customers are identified with the items purchased and their sale price. Items include food (butter, molasses, coffee, eggs, sugar), household goods (calico, shoes, cambric, matches, nails, ribbon), and other sundries (tobacco). 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Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Equipment and supplies","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Confiscations and contributions","United States -- History -- World War, 1939-1945 -- Transportation","Farmers -- Virginia","Business records -- Sources","Dairy farming -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Selling -- Corn","Timber -- Contracts and specifications -- Virginia","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","World War, 1914-1918 -- Economic aspects -- United States","Military supplies -- Economic aspects -- United States","Estates (Law) -- Virginia -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Wayland, John W. The Bowmans: A Pioneering Family in Virginia, Kentucky and the Northwest Territory. Staunton, Va.: McClure Co. 1943.","The Bowman family is a very prominent one that has been established in the Rockingham County area since the eighteenth century. The first of the Bowmans to settle in the area was George Bowman and his wife Mary Hite, who traveled from Philadelphia with her family to start a colony in the Shenandoah Valley around 1731. George and Mary had thirteen children in total: John George, John Jacob, Emma Maria, Elizabeth, Johannes, Sarah, Regina, Rebecca, George, Abraham, Joseph, Catherine, and Isaac. They made their home on Cedar Creek and built a large stone house which was passed to their son Isaac. John, Joseph, Abraham, and Isaac went on to become prominent members of society and in the military during the Revolutionary War, in which they were high ranking officers that contributed greatly to the fight for independence.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3092.","The Sam Bowman Papers, 1848-1967, consists of one folder of miscellaneous papers and seven business ledgers that document operations of the Bowman family dairy farm in Rockingham County, Virginia. The miscellaneous folder contains tax receipts from 1859 and 1865, an 1862 receipt for military supplies of twenty bushels of corn, an 1882 Constitution of the West Rockingham Mutual Fire Insurance Company, an 1891 receipt for a claim for property taken by U.S. soldiers in the Civil War, a 1929 timber contract, 1942 Certificates of War necessity for Vehicle, and a summary of the S.R. Bowman Estate, 1936-1960. Ledger 7 is the partnership book of R.L. and S.R. Bowman, 1963-1967.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Sam Bowman Papers, 1848-1967, consist of miscellaneous materials and seven business ledgers that document operations of the Bowman family dairy farm in Rockingham County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Rockingham Mutual Fire Insurance Company (Title of work: Constitution.)","Bowman family","Bowman, Sam","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Sam Bowman Papers, 1848/1967"],"collection_ssim":["Sam Bowman Papers, 1848/1967"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0147","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0147","/repositories/4/resources/294"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Economic conditions -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Equipment and supplies","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Confiscations and contributions","United States -- History -- World War, 1939-1945 -- Transportation"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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