{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=New+Haven+%28Conn.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=New+Haven+%28Conn.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium], 1972/1977","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c01"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03","parent_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04","virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium]","title_ssm":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium]"],"title_tesim":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium], 1972/1977"],"text":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium], 1972/1977","Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977","35mm","box VA-04 Box 32","Item VA04.04.03.001.T1","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.","Digital positive created by VMFA.","In Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1975"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":3366,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"physdesc_tesim":["35mm"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white negatives"],"containers_ssim":["box VA-04 Box 32","Item VA04.04.03.001.T1"],"creator_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust."],"persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"names_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital positive created by VMFA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.","Digital positive created by VMFA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:47.567Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_37.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/37","title_filing_ssi":"Draper, Louis (VA-04)","title_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04)"],"title_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"text":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37","Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching","The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.","The collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"","Series 1\n        Manuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Publications, 1959-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Photography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Photography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Photography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Photography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        Portfolios, 1964, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Photographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Audiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Born Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 11\n        Photographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated","Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Growing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019","Louis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","Virginia Artist File: Louis Draper","International Artist File: Kamoinge","Louis Hansel Draper","Born: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ","While a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.","Throughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.","In 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.","Draper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.","In 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"","In the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.","In 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.","In 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.","Essence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.","In 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.","Interspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.","From 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.","Draper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"","Louis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006.","Saretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (email to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019).","At that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection.","In February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (email to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019).","In 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.","While the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.","Processing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Darkroom \u0026 creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","Holford, Mary","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Baum, Ralph","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","McCoy, Regina","Viksjo, Cathy","Post, Kevin","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Kimbrough, Larry","Fischl \u0026 Hartman","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Madison, Clarence","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Lawrenceville School","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Kenyon, Kathleen","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. (George Edward), 1927-","Dutton Juvenile","Taha, Halima","Crown Publishers","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Mannas, James \"Jimmie\" M., 1941-","Rudolph, Sa","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Jackson, Miles M., Jr., 1929-","Mayer, Grace M.","Hoffman, Michael E. (Michael Eugene), 1942-2001","Porter, Allan, 1934-2022","Crawford, Joe","Liska, Jane","Cobb, Vandell","Romais, Miriam","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Fournier, Collette","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","Hinzmann, Hilary","Lawrence, Steve","Smith, Evelyn","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Howard, Herman","Martin, Steve","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Barboza, Ken","Clarke, LeRoy, 1938-","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. 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Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creator_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Recording Institute of America","Darkroom \u0026 creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Bucks County Community College","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Edwal Scientific Products","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Hackensack Public Schools","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","New York State Council on the Arts","Holford, Mary","Creative Resources Institute","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","The Rotkin Review","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Princeton Photography Club","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Photo Workshop","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","George Eastman House","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Charles McCollough Studio","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","General Artists Agency","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Virginia Statesman","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Baum, Ralph","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Associated Press","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Photography Year","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Dialogue","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","Hightstown Gazette","McCoy, Regina","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","Viksjo, Cathy","Argo","Post, Kevin","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Courier-Post","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Princeton Living","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Kimbrough, Larry","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman","Sepia Tones","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Madison, Clarence","First Time Photo Gallery","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Morris Museum","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Mariboe Gallery","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","Lawrenceville School","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Light Impressions Corporation","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Kenyon, Kathleen","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Ten.8","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. 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(Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Art Direction","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","College of New Rochelle","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. 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Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"creators_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Recording Institute of America","Darkroom \u0026 creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Bucks County Community College","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Edwal Scientific Products","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Hackensack Public Schools","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","New York State Council on the Arts","Holford, Mary","Creative Resources Institute","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","The Rotkin Review","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Princeton Photography Club","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Photo Workshop","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","George Eastman House","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Charles McCollough Studio","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","General Artists Agency","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Virginia Statesman","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Baum, Ralph","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Associated Press","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Photography Year","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Dialogue","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","Hightstown Gazette","McCoy, Regina","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","Viksjo, Cathy","Argo","Post, Kevin","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Courier-Post","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Princeton Living","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Kimbrough, Larry","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman","Sepia Tones","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Madison, Clarence","First Time Photo Gallery","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Morris Museum","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Mariboe Gallery","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","Lawrenceville School","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Light Impressions Corporation","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Kenyon, Kathleen","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Ten.8","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. (George Edward), 1927-","Dutton Juvenile","Taha, Halima","Crown Publishers","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Mannas, James \"Jimmie\" M., 1941-","Rudolph, Sa","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Jackson, Miles M., Jr., 1929-","Mayer, Grace M.","Hoffman, Michael E. (Michael Eugene), 1942-2001","Porter, Allan, 1934-2022","Crawford, Joe","Liska, Jane","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","Cobb, Vandell","Romais, Miriam","Kenyon College","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Fournier, Collette","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Hinzmann, Hilary","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Lawrence, Steve","Culturefront","Smith, Evelyn","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Howard, Herman","Martin, Steve","Newsweek","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Barboza, Ken","Clarke, LeRoy, 1938-","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Art Direction","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","College of New Rochelle","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. Daniel","American Visions","Parks, Toni","Pinderhughes, John, 1946-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Robinson, Herb","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Wilmer, Val (Valerie), 1941-","Photo/Chronicles","Smith, Morgan, 1910-1993","Smith, Marvin, 1910-2003","Smith, Ming, 1950-","Steichen, Edward, 1879-1973","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","Greene, Cheryll Y., 1943-2013","Sleet, Moneta, Jr., 1926-1996","Stewart, Charles (Chuck), 1927-2017","Wilkinson, Carlton","Kauffman, Aubrey","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Baskakov, Andrew","Brodsky, Judith","Berezin, Valentin Solomonovich","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Nesterova, Natalʹi︠a︡, 1944-","Chilnikov, Sergey","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Mari ASSR Photographic Art Society","Suprun, Aleksandr","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Dobrynkin, A.","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Hanley, John P.","Bullock, Joanne B.","Corwin, Luene Holmes, 1937-","Dowd, Jennifer Ann","Mathias, John","Weiss, Celia","Bundy, Roy","Flynn, William J.","Hain, Josh","Rivera, Frank","White, Larry","Barksdale, William E., 1927-","Dietrich, Marilyn","Duncan, Noreen","Lobby Gallery","Hymans, Kay","Lamba, Marie","Hopewell Valley News","Stender, Barbara","Artifacts Gallery","Town Topics","Chronicle","Beacon","Williams, Gray","New Jersey Department of Higher Education","Osborne, Linda","Caruso, Jennifer","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Moran, Daniel Thomas","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Bateson, Michael A.","Audio Visual Product News","Davis, Gail","Gray, Jeanne","Clyde","Smith, W. Eugene, 1918-1978","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","Von Hildebrand, Alice, 1923-2022","Von Hildebrand, Dietrich, 1889-1977","O'Daniel, Therman B. (Therman Benjamin), 1908-1986","William Morrow and Company","Hathaway, Paul R.","Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1917-1977","Johnson, Thomas A., 1928-2008","Gillespie, Marcia","Reynolds, Barbara Ann","Jackson, Jacqueline, 1944-","Moore, Marjorie","Fouch, Barbara","James, Delores","McDougall, Joyce, 1926-2011","Lebovici, Serge, 1915-2000","Avon Books","Hearst Corporation","Clark, Duvie","Ebert, Alan","Bryant, Joyce, 1927-2022","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","Bower, Sue","Kiley, Frederick S. (Frederick Spencer), 1922-2002","Wright, Giles R.","New Jersey Historical Commission","Allen, Jules, 1947-","Anderson, Julie","Chycota, Johanna","Anderson, Mary B.","Pendergrass, Teddy, 1950-2010","Paul, Billy, 1934-2016","Shinee, Ntozake","Ferman, Terry","Barboza, Leanette","Barboza, Linda Anderson","Barboza, Tim","Bass, George Houston, 1938-1990","Builder, Levy, 1942-","Fuller, Naimah","Bennett, Alan","Bickal, Janet","Blake, Nina","Blake, Eubie, 1887-1983","Bobo, Anne","Bogle, Donald, 1944-","McNatt, Rosemary Bray","Brenner, Glen","Brooks, Wenonah","Bulaj, Marek","Johnson, Barbara Piasecka, 1937-2013","Burton, Sandy","Callender, Arlene","Campbell, Diane","Carty, Delores","Ceglia, Vincent","Chambers, Paul, 1935-1969","Chapman, Glenn Edward","Chavez, Lynn","Chavez, Pete","Chavooshian, Marge","Colavita, James J., 1949-1996","Collins, Lucrentia","Cook, Molly","Simao, Teresa","Crawley, Hazel","Critchlow, Carol","Crotty, Mary","Cummings, Blondell, 1944-2015","Davis, Daryl","Davis, Judy","Davis, Miles, 1926-1991","De Veaux, Alexis, 1948-","Banks, Diane","Deveaux, Pam","Dixon, Mel","Douglas, Clara","Dunham, Katherine, 1909-2006","Esquila, Ramon","Evans, Scott","Fennar, Miya","Koho, Keiko","Fennar, Tad","Folmer, Daniella","Fontaine, Walter","Durniak, John","Galeano, Cheryl","Gibson, Pat","Goldman, Midge","Goodkin, Vera Herman","Guitar Shorty, 1939-2022","Flakes, Jacqueline Hamer, 1966-","Moore, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1893-1978","Harper, Toy","Johnson, Hall, 1887-1970","Harper, Ves","Heck, Soskia","Henry, John","Heywood, Jeni","Hicks, Bernice S.","Hilton, Larry","Hunter, Clementine, 1886-1988","Anderson, Madeline","Iman, 1955-","Jackson, Jesse Louis, 1941-","Jessua, Alain, 1932-2017","Jones, Billy","Kim, Yung Ju","Konrad, Adolf Ferdinand, 1915-2004","Kucay, Susan","Landau, Jacob, 1917-2001","Lawrence, Jacob, 1917-2000","Lehman, Harold","Leipzig, Francesca","Leipzig, Joshua","Graves, Michael, 1934-2015","Lewis, Byron E., Sr., 1931-","Lindfors, Viveca, 1920-1995","Littwin, Michael","Livingston, Bud","Lowing, Donald","Malloy, Tom, 1912-2008","Marshall, Paula","McNichol, Terri","Medina, Pablo, 1948-","Merlino, Joseph","Merlino, Molly","Goldman, Irene","Miller, Robert","Miller, Tony","Michaux, Lewis H., 1885-1976","Novak, Josie","Palmer, Nancy","Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975","Passer, Ivan, 1933-2020","Pastira, Sangeeta","Patterson, Latta","Freed, Arthur","Perkoff, Sarah","Ryan, Dave","Polar, Maria","Santiago, Nilsa","Pietroski, Susan","Portee, Natalie","Purdy, Janet, Dr.","Purdy, John","Rachlin, Margaret","Randall, Rosalind","Reaves, Gail","Reaves, Kenny","Reiner, Eric","Reynolds, Rene","Richardson, Al","Richardson, Beverly","Rodriguez, Cecilio","Rosskam, Louise, 1910-2003","Ruffner, Jim","Rutkowski, Catherine","Samad, Marianne","Sandler, Kathe","Sandler, Eve","Sandler, Joan","Santos, Delissa","Sartezky, Anya","Schulte, Judy","Puccio, Victor","Schulte, Lynn M.","Schwartz, Lise","Selwood, Maureen","Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, 1903-2004","Sherman, Terry","Simmons, Ron","Slater, Xandria","Smith, Catherine","Smith, Gregory","Lee-Smith, Hughie, 1915-1999","Smith, Kevin","Smith, Mingus","Standard, Michael","Taylor, John","Taylor, Susan, 1946-","Teneny, Ralph","Sommerville, Tom","Tooker, Holly","Torres, Jose","Van Der Zee, James, 1886-1983","Wallace, Douglas","Weiss, Jiří, 1913-2004","Welliver, Michael","White, Hazel","Wiggins, Ernie","Wilkerson, Lisa","Williams, Ace","Williams, Jim","Wood, Michelle","X., Malcolm, 1925-1965","Draper-Winston, Nell","Winston, Charles","Johnson, Beverly, 1952-","Davidhazy, Andrew","Baldwin, James, 1924-1987","Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Jackson, Valerie Richardson, 1949-","Hamer, Perry","Cook, Susan","Palmer, Douglas, 1951-","Harrell, Hugh","Smith, Aileen","Jorrin, Mario","Calla, Henry","Angelou, Maya, 1928-2014","Maynard, Joan, 1921-1998","Cronkite, Walter, 1916-2009","Cavett, Dick, 1936-","Hurwitz, Leo T., 1909-1991","Chiarenza, Carl, 1935-","Cauthen, Steve, 1960-","Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989","Scott, Seret","Deleo, Fame P.","Toppin, Christopher","Deileo, Fame","Mick, Chianese","Peck, Mary S.","Boeing, Loran K.","Doter, ?","Dill, Timothy","Jaborski, Pierre","Libsohn, Sol, 1914-2001","Linder, Evan","Pope-Lance, Elton","Jean-Bart, Leslie","McBride, Will","Ryan, Joe","Long, Kadar","Malloy","Mike","Hashimoto","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["37.5 Linear Feet 170 boxes; 6,605 items"],"extent_tesim":["37.5 Linear Feet 170 boxes; 6,605 items"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmfa.museum/collections/search-archives/louis-h-draper-archive-portal/\"\u003eVMFA Collections Search website\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eManuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1959-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePortfolios, 1964, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAudiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBorn Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"","Series 1\n        Manuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Publications, 1959-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Photography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Photography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Photography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Photography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        Portfolios, 1964, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Photographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Audiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Born Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 11\n        Photographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWorking Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eGrowing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLouis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eTimeless, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  ","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Artist File: Louis Draper\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Kamoinge\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Books","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Artist Files"],"bibliography_tesim":["Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Growing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019","Louis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","Virginia Artist File: Louis Draper","International Artist File: Kamoinge"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis Hansel Draper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEssence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Louis Hansel Draper","Born: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ","While a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.","Throughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.","In 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.","Draper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.","In 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"","In the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.","In 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.","In 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.","Essence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.","In 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.","Interspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.","From 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.","Draper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSaretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (\u003ci\u003eemail to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019\u003c/i\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (\u003ci\u003eemail to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019\u003c/i\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Louis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006.","Saretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (email to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019).","At that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection.","In February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (email to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.","While the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.","Processing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80d4d02edaa46a99725ed524cbb90700\"\u003eThe extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"names_coll_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. 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(Richard Benjamin), 1893-1978","Harper, Toy","Johnson, Hall, 1887-1970","Harper, Ves","Heck, Soskia","Henry, John","Heywood, Jeni","Hicks, Bernice S.","Hilton, Larry","Hunter, Clementine, 1886-1988","Anderson, Madeline","Iman, 1955-","Jackson, Jesse Louis, 1941-","Jessua, Alain, 1932-2017","Jones, Billy","Kim, Yung Ju","Konrad, Adolf Ferdinand, 1915-2004","Kucay, Susan","Landau, Jacob, 1917-2001","Lawrence, Jacob, 1917-2000","Lehman, Harold","Leipzig, Francesca","Leipzig, Joshua","Graves, Michael, 1934-2015","Lewis, Byron E., Sr., 1931-","Lindfors, Viveca, 1920-1995","Littwin, Michael","Livingston, Bud","Lowing, Donald","Malloy, Tom, 1912-2008","Marshall, Paula","McNichol, Terri","Medina, Pablo, 1948-","Merlino, Joseph","Merlino, Molly","Goldman, Irene","Miller, Robert","Miller, Tony","Michaux, Lewis H., 1885-1976","Novak, Josie","Palmer, Nancy","Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975","Passer, Ivan, 1933-2020","Pastira, Sangeeta","Patterson, Latta","Freed, Arthur","Perkoff, Sarah","Ryan, Dave","Polar, Maria","Santiago, Nilsa","Pietroski, Susan","Portee, Natalie","Purdy, Janet, Dr.","Purdy, John","Rachlin, Margaret","Randall, Rosalind","Reaves, Gail","Reaves, Kenny","Reiner, Eric","Reynolds, Rene","Richardson, Al","Richardson, Beverly","Rodriguez, Cecilio","Rosskam, Louise, 1910-2003","Ruffner, Jim","Rutkowski, Catherine","Samad, Marianne","Sandler, Kathe","Sandler, Eve","Sandler, Joan","Santos, Delissa","Sartezky, Anya","Schulte, Judy","Puccio, Victor","Schulte, Lynn M.","Schwartz, Lise","Selwood, Maureen","Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, 1903-2004","Sherman, Terry","Simmons, Ron","Slater, Xandria","Smith, Catherine","Smith, Gregory","Lee-Smith, Hughie, 1915-1999","Smith, Kevin","Smith, Mingus","Standard, Michael","Taylor, John","Taylor, Susan, 1946-","Teneny, Ralph","Sommerville, Tom","Tooker, Holly","Torres, Jose","Van Der Zee, James, 1886-1983","Wallace, Douglas","Weiss, Jiří, 1913-2004","Welliver, Michael","White, Hazel","Wiggins, Ernie","Wilkerson, Lisa","Williams, Ace","Williams, Jim","Wood, Michelle","X., Malcolm, 1925-1965","Draper-Winston, Nell","Winston, Charles","Johnson, Beverly, 1952-","Davidhazy, Andrew","Baldwin, James, 1924-1987","Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Jackson, Valerie Richardson, 1949-","Hamer, Perry","Cook, Susan","Palmer, Douglas, 1951-","Harrell, Hugh","Smith, Aileen","Jorrin, Mario","Calla, Henry","Angelou, Maya, 1928-2014","Maynard, Joan, 1921-1998","Cronkite, Walter, 1916-2009","Cavett, Dick, 1936-","Hurwitz, Leo T., 1909-1991","Chiarenza, Carl, 1935-","Cauthen, Steve, 1960-","Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989","Scott, Seret","Deleo, Fame P.","Toppin, Christopher","Deileo, Fame","Mick, Chianese","Peck, Mary S.","Boeing, Loran K.","Doter, ?","Dill, Timothy","Jaborski, Pierre","Libsohn, Sol, 1914-2001","Linder, Evan","Pope-Lance, Elton","Jean-Bart, Leslie","McBride, Will","Ryan, Joe","Long, Kadar","Malloy","Mike","Hashimoto"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":6758,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:47.567Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c01"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium], 1972/1977","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c02"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03","parent_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04","virmu_repositories_2_resources_37_c04_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium]","title_ssm":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium]"],"title_tesim":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium]"],"normalized_title_ssm":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium], 1972/1977"],"text":["New Haven [poster installation in an auditorium], 1972/1977","Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977","35mm","box VA-04 Box 32","Item VA04.04.03.001.T2","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.","Digital positive created by VMFA.","In Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","Series 4: Photography: United States Locations, 1957/1999","Sub-Series 4.3: Connecticut, 1972/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1975"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":3367,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"physdesc_tesim":["35mm"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white negatives"],"containers_ssim":["box VA-04 Box 32","Item VA04.04.03.001.T2"],"creator_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust."],"persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"names_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund."],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital positive created by VMFA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible in part by the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor.","Digital positive created by VMFA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: ©Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce this material for educational and publicity purposes only by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#2/components#1","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:47.567Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_37.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/37","title_filing_ssi":"Draper, Louis (VA-04)","title_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04)"],"title_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005"],"text":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04), 1945/2005","VA-04","/repositories/2/resources/37","Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching","The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.","The collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"","Series 1\n        Manuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Publications, 1959-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Photography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Photography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Photography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Photography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        Portfolios, 1964, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Photographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Audiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Born Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 11\n        Photographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated","Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Growing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019","Louis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","Virginia Artist File: Louis Draper","International Artist File: Kamoinge","Louis Hansel Draper","Born: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ","While a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.","Throughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.","In 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.","Draper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.","In 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"","In the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.","In 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.","In 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.","Essence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.","In 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.","Interspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.","From 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.","Draper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"","Louis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006.","Saretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (email to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019).","At that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection.","In February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (email to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019).","In 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.","While the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.","Processing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. 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Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"creators_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Recording Institute of America","Darkroom \u0026 creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Bucks County Community College","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Edwal Scientific Products","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Hackensack Public Schools","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","New York State Council on the Arts","Holford, Mary","Creative Resources Institute","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","The Rotkin Review","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Princeton Photography Club","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Photo Workshop","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","George Eastman House","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Charles McCollough Studio","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","General Artists Agency","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Virginia Statesman","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Baum, Ralph","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Associated Press","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Photography Year","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Dialogue","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","Hightstown Gazette","McCoy, Regina","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","Viksjo, Cathy","Argo","Post, Kevin","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Courier-Post","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Princeton Living","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Kimbrough, Larry","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman","Sepia Tones","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Madison, Clarence","First Time Photo Gallery","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Morris Museum","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Mariboe Gallery","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","Lawrenceville School","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Light Impressions Corporation","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Kenyon, Kathleen","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Ten.8","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. (George Edward), 1927-","Dutton Juvenile","Taha, Halima","Crown Publishers","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Mannas, James \"Jimmie\" M., 1941-","Rudolph, Sa","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Jackson, Miles M., Jr., 1929-","Mayer, Grace M.","Hoffman, Michael E. (Michael Eugene), 1942-2001","Porter, Allan, 1934-2022","Crawford, Joe","Liska, Jane","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","Cobb, Vandell","Romais, Miriam","Kenyon College","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Fournier, Collette","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Hinzmann, Hilary","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Lawrence, Steve","Culturefront","Smith, Evelyn","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Howard, Herman","Martin, Steve","Newsweek","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Barboza, Ken","Clarke, LeRoy, 1938-","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Art Direction","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","College of New Rochelle","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. Daniel","American Visions","Parks, Toni","Pinderhughes, John, 1946-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Robinson, Herb","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Wilmer, Val (Valerie), 1941-","Photo/Chronicles","Smith, Morgan, 1910-1993","Smith, Marvin, 1910-2003","Smith, Ming, 1950-","Steichen, Edward, 1879-1973","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","Greene, Cheryll Y., 1943-2013","Sleet, Moneta, Jr., 1926-1996","Stewart, Charles (Chuck), 1927-2017","Wilkinson, Carlton","Kauffman, Aubrey","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Baskakov, Andrew","Brodsky, Judith","Berezin, Valentin Solomonovich","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Nesterova, Natalʹi︠a︡, 1944-","Chilnikov, Sergey","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Mari ASSR Photographic Art Society","Suprun, Aleksandr","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Dobrynkin, A.","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Hanley, John P.","Bullock, Joanne B.","Corwin, Luene Holmes, 1937-","Dowd, Jennifer Ann","Mathias, John","Weiss, Celia","Bundy, Roy","Flynn, William J.","Hain, Josh","Rivera, Frank","White, Larry","Barksdale, William E., 1927-","Dietrich, Marilyn","Duncan, Noreen","Lobby Gallery","Hymans, Kay","Lamba, Marie","Hopewell Valley News","Stender, Barbara","Artifacts Gallery","Town Topics","Chronicle","Beacon","Williams, Gray","New Jersey Department of Higher Education","Osborne, Linda","Caruso, Jennifer","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Moran, Daniel Thomas","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Bateson, Michael A.","Audio Visual Product News","Davis, Gail","Gray, Jeanne","Clyde","Smith, W. Eugene, 1918-1978","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","Von Hildebrand, Alice, 1923-2022","Von Hildebrand, Dietrich, 1889-1977","O'Daniel, Therman B. (Therman Benjamin), 1908-1986","William Morrow and Company","Hathaway, Paul R.","Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1917-1977","Johnson, Thomas A., 1928-2008","Gillespie, Marcia","Reynolds, Barbara Ann","Jackson, Jacqueline, 1944-","Moore, Marjorie","Fouch, Barbara","James, Delores","McDougall, Joyce, 1926-2011","Lebovici, Serge, 1915-2000","Avon Books","Hearst Corporation","Clark, Duvie","Ebert, Alan","Bryant, Joyce, 1927-2022","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","Bower, Sue","Kiley, Frederick S. (Frederick Spencer), 1922-2002","Wright, Giles R.","New Jersey Historical Commission","Allen, Jules, 1947-","Anderson, Julie","Chycota, Johanna","Anderson, Mary B.","Pendergrass, Teddy, 1950-2010","Paul, Billy, 1934-2016","Shinee, Ntozake","Ferman, Terry","Barboza, Leanette","Barboza, Linda Anderson","Barboza, Tim","Bass, George Houston, 1938-1990","Builder, Levy, 1942-","Fuller, Naimah","Bennett, Alan","Bickal, Janet","Blake, Nina","Blake, Eubie, 1887-1983","Bobo, Anne","Bogle, Donald, 1944-","McNatt, Rosemary Bray","Brenner, Glen","Brooks, Wenonah","Bulaj, Marek","Johnson, Barbara Piasecka, 1937-2013","Burton, Sandy","Callender, Arlene","Campbell, Diane","Carty, Delores","Ceglia, Vincent","Chambers, Paul, 1935-1969","Chapman, Glenn Edward","Chavez, Lynn","Chavez, Pete","Chavooshian, Marge","Colavita, James J., 1949-1996","Collins, Lucrentia","Cook, Molly","Simao, Teresa","Crawley, Hazel","Critchlow, Carol","Crotty, Mary","Cummings, Blondell, 1944-2015","Davis, Daryl","Davis, Judy","Davis, Miles, 1926-1991","De Veaux, Alexis, 1948-","Banks, Diane","Deveaux, Pam","Dixon, Mel","Douglas, Clara","Dunham, Katherine, 1909-2006","Esquila, Ramon","Evans, Scott","Fennar, Miya","Koho, Keiko","Fennar, Tad","Folmer, Daniella","Fontaine, Walter","Durniak, John","Galeano, Cheryl","Gibson, Pat","Goldman, Midge","Goodkin, Vera Herman","Guitar Shorty, 1939-2022","Flakes, Jacqueline Hamer, 1966-","Moore, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1893-1978","Harper, Toy","Johnson, Hall, 1887-1970","Harper, Ves","Heck, Soskia","Henry, John","Heywood, Jeni","Hicks, Bernice S.","Hilton, Larry","Hunter, Clementine, 1886-1988","Anderson, Madeline","Iman, 1955-","Jackson, Jesse Louis, 1941-","Jessua, Alain, 1932-2017","Jones, Billy","Kim, Yung Ju","Konrad, Adolf Ferdinand, 1915-2004","Kucay, Susan","Landau, Jacob, 1917-2001","Lawrence, Jacob, 1917-2000","Lehman, Harold","Leipzig, Francesca","Leipzig, Joshua","Graves, Michael, 1934-2015","Lewis, Byron E., Sr., 1931-","Lindfors, Viveca, 1920-1995","Littwin, Michael","Livingston, Bud","Lowing, Donald","Malloy, Tom, 1912-2008","Marshall, Paula","McNichol, Terri","Medina, Pablo, 1948-","Merlino, Joseph","Merlino, Molly","Goldman, Irene","Miller, Robert","Miller, Tony","Michaux, Lewis H., 1885-1976","Novak, Josie","Palmer, Nancy","Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975","Passer, Ivan, 1933-2020","Pastira, Sangeeta","Patterson, Latta","Freed, Arthur","Perkoff, Sarah","Ryan, Dave","Polar, Maria","Santiago, Nilsa","Pietroski, Susan","Portee, Natalie","Purdy, Janet, Dr.","Purdy, John","Rachlin, Margaret","Randall, Rosalind","Reaves, Gail","Reaves, Kenny","Reiner, Eric","Reynolds, Rene","Richardson, Al","Richardson, Beverly","Rodriguez, Cecilio","Rosskam, Louise, 1910-2003","Ruffner, Jim","Rutkowski, Catherine","Samad, Marianne","Sandler, Kathe","Sandler, Eve","Sandler, Joan","Santos, Delissa","Sartezky, Anya","Schulte, Judy","Puccio, Victor","Schulte, Lynn M.","Schwartz, Lise","Selwood, Maureen","Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, 1903-2004","Sherman, Terry","Simmons, Ron","Slater, Xandria","Smith, Catherine","Smith, Gregory","Lee-Smith, Hughie, 1915-1999","Smith, Kevin","Smith, Mingus","Standard, Michael","Taylor, John","Taylor, Susan, 1946-","Teneny, Ralph","Sommerville, Tom","Tooker, Holly","Torres, Jose","Van Der Zee, James, 1886-1983","Wallace, Douglas","Weiss, Jiří, 1913-2004","Welliver, Michael","White, Hazel","Wiggins, Ernie","Wilkerson, Lisa","Williams, Ace","Williams, Jim","Wood, Michelle","X., Malcolm, 1925-1965","Draper-Winston, Nell","Winston, Charles","Johnson, Beverly, 1952-","Davidhazy, Andrew","Baldwin, James, 1924-1987","Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Jackson, Valerie Richardson, 1949-","Hamer, Perry","Cook, Susan","Palmer, Douglas, 1951-","Harrell, Hugh","Smith, Aileen","Jorrin, Mario","Calla, Henry","Angelou, Maya, 1928-2014","Maynard, Joan, 1921-1998","Cronkite, Walter, 1916-2009","Cavett, Dick, 1936-","Hurwitz, Leo T., 1909-1991","Chiarenza, Carl, 1935-","Cauthen, Steve, 1960-","Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989","Scott, Seret","Deleo, Fame P.","Toppin, Christopher","Deileo, Fame","Mick, Chianese","Peck, Mary S.","Boeing, Loran K.","Doter, ?","Dill, Timothy","Jaborski, Pierre","Libsohn, Sol, 1914-2001","Linder, Evan","Pope-Lance, Elton","Jean-Bart, Leslie","McBride, Will","Ryan, Joe","Long, Kadar","Malloy","Mike","Hashimoto","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Photography, Artistic","Photography, Artistic -- Exhibitions","Photography--History--20th century","Photography--History--21st century","Photographers -- Virginia","Photography--Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["37.5 Linear Feet 170 boxes; 6,605 items"],"extent_tesim":["37.5 Linear Feet 170 boxes; 6,605 items"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmfa.museum/collections/search-archives/louis-h-draper-archive-portal/\"\u003eVMFA Collections Search website\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research. Digitization of the collection has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website.","A limited number of files are restricted. Access to restricted materials may require written permission of the donor and/or the VMFA Director."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eManuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1959-2005, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePortfolios, 1964, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAudiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBorn Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series. Arrangement within each series varies based upon the material. In general, the manuscript materials are arranged chronologically (where possible), and the photographic material is arranged thematically, often by geographic location. The only series that is arranged alphabetically is Series 3.1: Identified Subjects.\"","Series 1\n        Manuscripts, 1947-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Publications, 1959-2005, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Photography: Portraits, 1958-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Photography: United States Locations, 1957-1999, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Photography: International Locations, 1978-1990, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Photography: Landscapes and Abstractions, 1960-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        Portfolios, 1964, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Photographic Equipment, 1945-1988, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Audiovisual Materials, 1972-2000, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Born Digital Files, 1996-2001, undated\n      \n      \n        Series 11\n        Photographs by Others, 1946-1998, undated"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWorking Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eGrowing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eLouis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eTimeless, 2015\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  ","\u003cbibref\u003eVirginia Artist File: Louis Draper\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eInternational Artist File: Kamoinge\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Books","Related Materials - VMFA Library: Artist Files"],"bibliography_tesim":["Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop, 2020","Growing up in Civil Rights Richmond: A Community Remembers, 2019","Louis H. Draper: Selected Photographs, 2015","Timeless, 2015","The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family, 2004","Virginia Artist File: Louis Draper","International Artist File: Kamoinge"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis Hansel Draper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEssence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDraper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\"\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Louis Hansel Draper","Born: September 24, 1935, Richmond, VA\nDied: February 18, 2002, Trenton, NJ","While a student at Virginia State College (now University) Lou Draper wrote to his father, Hansel, with the news that he had joined the school newspaper. His father—an amateur photographer in Richmond's East End—gave Draper his first camera. After joining the college camera club, he dropped a bottle of acid while trying to develop his film. As a result of trying to mop it up, he was hospitalized and subsequently kicked out of the club. Despite this initial setback, Draper resolved to be a photographer after seeing the exhibition catalogue for The Family of Man (1955). Realizing that the work he admired was made by photographers in New York, Draper left Virginia State during his final semester and, with the support of his family, moved to New York City.","Throughout the late 1950s Draper worked as a medical clerk while studying at the New York Institute of Photography. He dropped out realizing he could learn the same information through magazines like Modern Photography. In 1958 Draper enrolled in a photography workshop led by Harold Feinstein, where he met professional photographers like David Vestal and Herb Randall. Draper also worked as an assistant to studio photographers Larence Shustak and John Rawlings.","In 1959 Draper exhibited two works in the Photography at Mid-Century exhibition curated by Beaumont Newhall at the George Eastman House (now Museum). He also exhibited his work in Greenwich Village galleries, including the Image Gallery run by Larry Siegel.","Draper enrolled in workshops at the New School for Social Research, including W. Eugene Smith's course \"Photography Made Difficult: Photojournalism, the Construction of Picture Stories and Picture Essays\" and began working with the prolific magazine photographer around 1960. In addition to assisting in the darkroom, Draper was a teaching aide for \"Photography Made More Difficult\" hosted at Smith's Flower-District loft.","In 1963 Draper turned his attention to the Kamoinge Workshop and quickly emerged as one of the group's teachers. Draper contributed to major workshop projects in the early to mid-1960s beginning with Portfolio No. 1 through the \"Harlem\" photo-essay in the July 1966 issue of Camera magazine, which featured his photograph John Henry on the cover. Portfolio No. 2 and the photoessay included Draper's poem \"Colonial Legacy.\"","In the late 1960s Draper taught photography courses while taking classes in film production. Between 1966 and 1968 Draper worked with Randall, Ray Francis, and Jimmie Mannas at the Youth in Action program in Bedford-Stuyvesant, teaching photography to teenagers and young adults. He also participated in the Channel 13 Black Journal Workshop where he concentrated on learning motion picture production. In 1968 he enrolled in the graduate program at the New York University Institute of Film and Television along with future Kamoinge member Danny Dawson. Draper gained professional film experience by working for Mannas's Jymie Productions and assisted Mannas with two short documentaries, Head and Heart and The Folks. He was also a cameraman for commercial and independent projects led by NYU professors like cinematographer Bedrich (Beda) Batka and worked on a number of productions as a still photographer. In 1982 he was a script supervisor and photographer for the feature-length film Losing Ground.","In 1967 he began teaching a class in photographic techniques at Central Brooklyn Neighborhood College, which was supported by the Pratt Institute Center for Community Improvement. He left the program in 1969 but returned to Pratt in 1974 to teach a college-level photography course for design students. Draper joined the staff of the Multi-Media Project at Intermediate School 201 in the Bronx in 1971 where Herb Randall, Calvin Wilson, and Ray Francis also served as photographers and teachers. He also worked with the Photography for Rehabilitation program at the New York State Division for Youth in 1974.","In 1971 the director of the Studio Museum in Harlem, Edward Spriggs, called a meeting of photographers to address how they could use photography to support the neighborhood. Draper and Beuford Smith were among the founding members of a group named the Collective Black Photographers. During Draper's tenure as chairman of the group they organized a fundraisers and community photography projects. Draper also served on the Studio Museum's Photography Committee.","Essence sent Draper to Ruleville, Mississippi, to photograph civil rights activist Fannie Lou Hamer and the Freedom Farm Cooperative. These photographs were part of the feature story \"Fannie Lou Hamer Speaks Out\" in the magazine's October 1971 issue. The next month, Essence published Draper's portraits of the some of the mothers of the \"Harlem Six,\" a group of young Black men who were wrongly accused of murder in New York City in 1964.","In 1973 Draper won a Creative Artists Public Service (CAPS) program grant \"to create a set of film-strips about Ruleville, Mississippi . . . for use in New York City public schools and for public presentation.\" CAPS award panels included leading photographers such as Harry Callahan, and not only provided funding for artists but also enriched the creative community. In 1976 the CAPS publication Exposure: Work by Ten Photographers included work by Draper and Anthony Barboza. From 1974 to 1975 Draper served as coordinator of photography for the CAPS program and was an award panelist in 1982.","Interspersed with his teaching assignments, Draper explored other artistic media and forms. In addition to taking screenwriting classes at NYU, he attended workshops at the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in 1982, studying screenwriting with Fred Hudson and Elihu Weiner and videotape production with Vernard Gantt. Building on his experiences with W. Eugene Smith, Draper studied page design at the C. Richard Read Studio. On occasion, he worked as a studio assistant to Herb Robinson and Barboza. He was also a cofounder of Northlight Studios, which operated from 1975 to 1985.","From 1978 to 1982 Draper taught and coordinated photography courses for schools in New Jersey, through the Creative Resources Institute. Afterward, he began teaching photography for Mercer County Community College in Trenton. Draper finally received his bachelor of arts degree from Thomas A. Edison State College in 1987. He participated in organizations like the Trenton Artists Workshop Association (TAWA) and was an artist in residence at Light Work in Syracuse, New York, where he printed his series New Jersey Artists, which included portraits of painters Hughie Lee-Smith and Bernarda Bryson Shahn, among others.","Draper taught at Mercer until his death in 2002.","The biography above, written by Sharayah Cochran, has been reproduced from the catalog \"Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop.\""],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSaretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (\u003ci\u003eemail to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019\u003c/i\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (\u003ci\u003eemail to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019\u003c/i\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Louis Draper's sister, Nell Draper-Winston, inherited his estate upon his death in 2002. The collection remained at Mercer Community College in Trenton, New Jersey while Gary Saretzky (Draper's friend and colleague, as well as an Archivist for the Monmouth County Archives) organized it from 2002-2006.","Saretzky created a detailed finding aid for the photographs and archives before transferring them (on Draper-Winston's behalf) to the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. The collection arrived at the University of Virginia on December 26, 2006, and left in November 2012 to come to Candela Books and Photographs in Richmond, Virginia (email to Courtney Tkacz from Heather Riser, Head of Operations, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, July 1, 2019).","At that time, Candela represented the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust and housed the collection until it was acquired by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in December 2015 as part of a gift-purchase of the archive and 35 photographs for the museum's art collection.","In February 2008, Don Lowing, a darkroom technician at Mercer County Community College located other materials including cameras, disks, and photographic materials (mainly negatives). These additional materials were inventoried by Saretzky and sent to the University of Virginia to be integrated into the rest of the collection (email to Courtney Tkacz from Gary Saretzky, June 28, 2019)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLouis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Louis H. Draper Artist Archives (VA-04). Acquired from the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust with the Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Endowment Fund. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained.    \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2017, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 29 months of work that transformed this extremely large, physical archive into a rich digital resource. An interdepartmental grant team was assembled from across the museum, including staff members of the Library/Archives, Imaging Resources, Curatorial, and Conservation departments.","While the physical archive had been well organized previously, the digitization process allowed the team to rethink the intellectual arrangement and determine an ideal numbering scheme for a photography archive. The result was a system designed around the organizing principle of the photoshoot itself, and now all related contact sheets, prints, slides, and negatives are described together.","Processing and description of the manuscript materials was performed by Courtney Yevich Tkacz from 2016-2017, and processing and description of the photographic material was performed by Margo Lentz-Meyer from 2017-2019. All materials were digitized in their original sleeves, then rehoused, but all sleeves with Draper's handwriting were retained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1945-2005, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1960s-1990s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, negatives, contact sheets, slides, prints, and photographic equipment."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_80d4d02edaa46a99725ed524cbb90700\"\u003eThe extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The extensive collection documents the life and work of Richmond-born photographer and educator Louis Draper (1935–2002). Manuscript and photographic materials document Draper's experience and work as an African American photographer, including his recognition of his photography as a form of \"engaged resistance\" that not only bore witness to leaders of the civil rights movement, but also offered a richer and more diverse perspective of African American life than provided by the mainstream media. \n\nIn 1963, he was a founding member of the Kamoinge Workshop, a collective of African American photographers, and the collection includes significant materials from the early years of the Kamoinge Workshop and document his perspective on the professional challenges that he and the collective confronted in the process of finding publications that would publish photographs of African Americans made by African Americans. \n\nHis photographs of significant 20th-century artists, writers, musicians, and performers reflect the wide array of personal connections that Draper made after moving to New York from Richmond, Virginia in 1957. Printed photographs and contact sheets in Draper's archive show a broad view of city life and the everyday interactions between people and also offer a unique vision of African American neighborhoods in the 1960s and 1970s."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster"],"names_coll_ssim":["Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002"],"persname_ssim":["Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Shaw-Beach","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Recording Institute of America","Darkroom \u0026 creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Bucks County Community College","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Edwal Scientific Products","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Hackensack Public Schools","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","New York State Council on the Arts","Holford, Mary","Creative Resources Institute","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","The Rotkin Review","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Princeton Photography Club","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. (Richard Donald), 1925-2012","Henderson, Wanda","Naar, Harry I.","Photo Workshop","Wiley, Mary Helen","Collier, David E., 1929-2012","Kokotajlo, Stan","Troeller, Linda, 1949-","Fabbri, Anne R.","The Noyes Museum","Saretzky, Gary D.","Serbin, Glen","Deering, Bill","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Cook, Sue","Simad, Teresa","Carty, Diane","Williams, Ann","The Morris Museum","Rand, Henry","Aparicio, Roxana","George Eastman House","Earenfight, Phillip, 1962-","Russell, Lisa","Tolin, Ann","McCollough, Charles","Charles McCollough Studio","Smith, Beuford, 1941-","Morris, Jennifer","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","Lehman, Arnold L.","Duganne, Erina","General Artists Agency","Bertoli, Barbara","Stephanini, Pat","Pavilion Gallery Sculpture Garden","Nini, Rose","Pearce, Jeannie","O'Boyle, Bob","Virginia Statesman","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Baum, Ralph","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","Vestal, David, 1924-2013","Associated Press","Petit, Philippe, 1949-","Photography Year","Norton, Eleanor Holmes, 1937-","Ms.","Rivera, Christine","Dialogue","Cagan, Steve","Doan-Johnson, Susan","Hightstown Gazette","McCoy, Regina","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","Viksjo, Cathy","Argo","Post, Kevin","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Bledsoe, Lysbeth","Courier-Post","Shipley, Barbara","Heisler, Wendy","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger","Seidel, Mitchell","Carlson, Michele","Small, Michael C.","Mutterperl, Mindy","Crossman, Lorraine","Fone, Lisa","Addis, Amanda","Purcell, Janet","Monroe Township View","Orsi, Chris","Princeton Living","Beres, Derek","Dube, Ilene","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Kimbrough, Larry","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman","Sepia Tones","General Motors Corporation. Chevrolet Motor Division","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Madison, Clarence","First Time Photo Gallery","Maddox, James","Noyes Museum","Morris Museum","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Mariboe Gallery","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","Lawrenceville School","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Light Impressions Corporation","Kismaric, Carole, 1942-2002","Palaszczuk, Mary Ellen","Fernandez, Isabelle","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Kenyon, Kathleen","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Weems, Carrie Mae, 1953-","Ten.8","Walker, Shawn, 1940-","Sullivan, George E. (George Edward), 1927-","Dutton Juvenile","Taha, Halima","Crown Publishers","DeCarava, Roy, 1919-2009","Mannas, James \"Jimmie\" M., 1941-","Rudolph, Sa","Francis, James \"Ray\"","Jackson, Miles M., Jr., 1929-","Mayer, Grace M.","Hoffman, Michael E. (Michael Eugene), 1942-2001","Porter, Allan, 1934-2022","Crawford, Joe","Liska, Jane","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","Cobb, Vandell","Romais, Miriam","Kenyon College","Wilson, Calvin, 1924-","Fournier, Collette","Stewart, Frank, 1949-","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Hinzmann, Hilary","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Lawrence, Steve","Culturefront","Smith, Evelyn","Fennar, Albert, 1938-","Howard, Herman","Martin, Steve","Newsweek","Barboza, Anthony, 1944-","Barboza, Ken","Clarke, LeRoy, 1938-","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Cowans, Adger W., 1936-","Art Direction","Preston, George Nelson, 1938-","Bearden, Romare, 1911-1988","College of New Rochelle","Dix, Seldon","Littles, Dolores Allen","Dawson, C. Daniel","American Visions","Parks, Toni","Pinderhughes, John, 1946-","Randall, Herbert, 1936-","Robinson, Herb","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Wilmer, Val (Valerie), 1941-","Photo/Chronicles","Smith, Morgan, 1910-1993","Smith, Marvin, 1910-2003","Smith, Ming, 1950-","Steichen, Edward, 1879-1973","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","Greene, Cheryll Y., 1943-2013","Sleet, Moneta, Jr., 1926-1996","Stewart, Charles (Chuck), 1927-2017","Wilkinson, Carlton","Kauffman, Aubrey","Leipzig, Melvin, 1935-","Baskakov, Andrew","Brodsky, Judith","Berezin, Valentin Solomonovich","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Nesterova, Natalʹi︠a︡, 1944-","Chilnikov, Sergey","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Mari ASSR Photographic Art Society","Suprun, Aleksandr","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Dobrynkin, A.","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Hanley, John P.","Bullock, Joanne B.","Corwin, Luene Holmes, 1937-","Dowd, Jennifer Ann","Mathias, John","Weiss, Celia","Bundy, Roy","Flynn, William J.","Hain, Josh","Rivera, Frank","White, Larry","Barksdale, William E., 1927-","Dietrich, Marilyn","Duncan, Noreen","Lobby Gallery","Hymans, Kay","Lamba, Marie","Hopewell Valley News","Stender, Barbara","Artifacts Gallery","Town Topics","Chronicle","Beacon","Williams, Gray","New Jersey Department of Higher Education","Osborne, Linda","Caruso, Jennifer","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Moran, Daniel Thomas","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Bateson, Michael A.","Audio Visual Product News","Davis, Gail","Gray, Jeanne","Clyde","Smith, W. Eugene, 1918-1978","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","Von Hildebrand, Alice, 1923-2022","Von Hildebrand, Dietrich, 1889-1977","O'Daniel, Therman B. (Therman Benjamin), 1908-1986","William Morrow and Company","Hathaway, Paul R.","Hamer, Fannie Lou, 1917-1977","Johnson, Thomas A., 1928-2008","Gillespie, Marcia","Reynolds, Barbara Ann","Jackson, Jacqueline, 1944-","Moore, Marjorie","Fouch, Barbara","James, Delores","McDougall, Joyce, 1926-2011","Lebovici, Serge, 1915-2000","Avon Books","Hearst Corporation","Clark, Duvie","Ebert, Alan","Bryant, Joyce, 1927-2022","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","Bower, Sue","Kiley, Frederick S. (Frederick Spencer), 1922-2002","Wright, Giles R.","New Jersey Historical Commission","Allen, Jules, 1947-","Anderson, Julie","Chycota, Johanna","Anderson, Mary B.","Pendergrass, Teddy, 1950-2010","Paul, Billy, 1934-2016","Shinee, Ntozake","Ferman, Terry","Barboza, Leanette","Barboza, Linda Anderson","Barboza, Tim","Bass, George Houston, 1938-1990","Builder, Levy, 1942-","Fuller, Naimah","Bennett, Alan","Bickal, Janet","Blake, Nina","Blake, Eubie, 1887-1983","Bobo, Anne","Bogle, Donald, 1944-","McNatt, Rosemary Bray","Brenner, Glen","Brooks, Wenonah","Bulaj, Marek","Johnson, Barbara Piasecka, 1937-2013","Burton, Sandy","Callender, Arlene","Campbell, Diane","Carty, Delores","Ceglia, Vincent","Chambers, Paul, 1935-1969","Chapman, Glenn Edward","Chavez, Lynn","Chavez, Pete","Chavooshian, Marge","Colavita, James J., 1949-1996","Collins, Lucrentia","Cook, Molly","Simao, Teresa","Crawley, Hazel","Critchlow, Carol","Crotty, Mary","Cummings, Blondell, 1944-2015","Davis, Daryl","Davis, Judy","Davis, Miles, 1926-1991","De Veaux, Alexis, 1948-","Banks, Diane","Deveaux, Pam","Dixon, Mel","Douglas, Clara","Dunham, Katherine, 1909-2006","Esquila, Ramon","Evans, Scott","Fennar, Miya","Koho, Keiko","Fennar, Tad","Folmer, Daniella","Fontaine, Walter","Durniak, John","Galeano, Cheryl","Gibson, Pat","Goldman, Midge","Goodkin, Vera Herman","Guitar Shorty, 1939-2022","Flakes, Jacqueline Hamer, 1966-","Moore, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1893-1978","Harper, Toy","Johnson, Hall, 1887-1970","Harper, Ves","Heck, Soskia","Henry, John","Heywood, Jeni","Hicks, Bernice S.","Hilton, Larry","Hunter, Clementine, 1886-1988","Anderson, Madeline","Iman, 1955-","Jackson, Jesse Louis, 1941-","Jessua, Alain, 1932-2017","Jones, Billy","Kim, Yung Ju","Konrad, Adolf Ferdinand, 1915-2004","Kucay, Susan","Landau, Jacob, 1917-2001","Lawrence, Jacob, 1917-2000","Lehman, Harold","Leipzig, Francesca","Leipzig, Joshua","Graves, Michael, 1934-2015","Lewis, Byron E., Sr., 1931-","Lindfors, Viveca, 1920-1995","Littwin, Michael","Livingston, Bud","Lowing, Donald","Malloy, Tom, 1912-2008","Marshall, Paula","McNichol, Terri","Medina, Pablo, 1948-","Merlino, Joseph","Merlino, Molly","Goldman, Irene","Miller, Robert","Miller, Tony","Michaux, Lewis H., 1885-1976","Novak, Josie","Palmer, Nancy","Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 1922-1975","Passer, Ivan, 1933-2020","Pastira, Sangeeta","Patterson, Latta","Freed, Arthur","Perkoff, Sarah","Ryan, Dave","Polar, Maria","Santiago, Nilsa","Pietroski, Susan","Portee, Natalie","Purdy, Janet, Dr.","Purdy, John","Rachlin, Margaret","Randall, Rosalind","Reaves, Gail","Reaves, Kenny","Reiner, Eric","Reynolds, Rene","Richardson, Al","Richardson, Beverly","Rodriguez, Cecilio","Rosskam, Louise, 1910-2003","Ruffner, Jim","Rutkowski, Catherine","Samad, Marianne","Sandler, Kathe","Sandler, Eve","Sandler, Joan","Santos, Delissa","Sartezky, Anya","Schulte, Judy","Puccio, Victor","Schulte, Lynn M.","Schwartz, Lise","Selwood, Maureen","Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, 1903-2004","Sherman, Terry","Simmons, Ron","Slater, Xandria","Smith, Catherine","Smith, Gregory","Lee-Smith, Hughie, 1915-1999","Smith, Kevin","Smith, Mingus","Standard, Michael","Taylor, John","Taylor, Susan, 1946-","Teneny, Ralph","Sommerville, Tom","Tooker, Holly","Torres, Jose","Van Der Zee, James, 1886-1983","Wallace, Douglas","Weiss, Jiří, 1913-2004","Welliver, Michael","White, Hazel","Wiggins, Ernie","Wilkerson, Lisa","Williams, Ace","Williams, Jim","Wood, Michelle","X., Malcolm, 1925-1965","Draper-Winston, Nell","Winston, Charles","Johnson, Beverly, 1952-","Davidhazy, Andrew","Baldwin, James, 1924-1987","Jackson, Maynard, 1938-2003","Jackson, Valerie Richardson, 1949-","Hamer, Perry","Cook, Susan","Palmer, Douglas, 1951-","Harrell, Hugh","Smith, Aileen","Jorrin, Mario","Calla, Henry","Angelou, Maya, 1928-2014","Maynard, Joan, 1921-1998","Cronkite, Walter, 1916-2009","Cavett, Dick, 1936-","Hurwitz, Leo T., 1909-1991","Chiarenza, Carl, 1935-","Cauthen, Steve, 1960-","Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989","Scott, Seret","Deleo, Fame P.","Toppin, Christopher","Deileo, Fame","Mick, Chianese","Peck, Mary S.","Boeing, Loran K.","Doter, ?","Dill, Timothy","Jaborski, Pierre","Libsohn, Sol, 1914-2001","Linder, Evan","Pope-Lance, Elton","Jean-Bart, Leslie","McBride, Will","Ryan, Joe","Long, Kadar","Malloy","Mike","Hashimoto"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Louis H. Draper Preservation Trust","Kamoinge Inc.‏","Random House (Firm). Penguin Books, Inc.","United States Civil Service Commission","Junior Courier","Bedford-Stuyvesant Youth in Action","Honeywell Information Systems, Inc.","American Telephone and Telegraph Company","Nikon, Inc.","New Bridge Baptist Church","American Negro Commemorative Society","Shaw-Beach","New York Foundation for the Arts","Pratt Institute. Art School","U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission","Urban Bikeway Design Collaborative","Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)","Free Library of Philadelphia","New Jersey State Teen Arts Program","Brooklyn Museum of Art","Riverside Church Weekday School","Mercer County Community College (N.J.)","Gallery Henoch","Rochester Institute of Technology","Virginia State College","New York University. Institute of Graduate Film and Television","Temple University","Thomas Edison State College","Eastman Kodak Company","Recording Institute of America","Indiana University. Independent Study Division","Preston Publications","Bucks County Community College","Edwal Scientific Products","Studio Museum in Harlem","Hackensack Public Schools","New York State Council on the Arts","Creative Resources Institute","Allen Memorial Art Museum","Trenton Writers Guild","Greater Bordentown Chamber of Commerce","The Rotkin Review","Princeton Photography Club","John Young Audio-Visual Production","Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center","Mercer County (N.J.)","Stockton State College","Ansel Adams Gallery (Yosemite National Park, Calif.)","Rider College Art Gallery","Photo Workshop","Mercer Medical Center","Noyes Museum of Art","Photographers Forum","Art Kane Photo Workshop","Morris Museum","Essence","New York University. American Photography Institute","George Eastman House","Art in the Atrium","Johnson \u0026 Johnson","Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","Webster University","Charles McCollough Studio","Anacostia Museum and Center for African American History and Culture","University of Texas at Austin‏","General Artists Agency","Pavilion Gallery. Sculpture Garden","Virginia Statesman","Camera (Lucerne, Switzerland)","The Arrow","Like It Is","Photography Project of the President's Council on Youth Opportunity","Industrial Photography","Inside Out","New York Times company","Popular Photography","The Honeywell World","New York post","Associated Press","Photography Year","Black enterprise","College Voice","Dialogue","Trentonian","Trenton Sunday Times. The Magazine","Round-up","Trenton Sunday Times","Hightstown Gazette","Whoot","Garden State Press Clipping Bureau","Press of Atlantic City","Weekend Beacon","New Jersey Clipping Service","Argo","Asbury Park Press","Burlington Times","Courier-Post","Mercer","Time Off","New Jersey Herald","Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.)","Art Matters","Trenton Times","Viking","United States Highway 1","Princeton Packet","The Monroe Township View","Voice","Princeton Living","The Link","Lawrence Ledger","Light Work (Organization : Syracuse, N.Y.)","Merrimack Publishing Corp.","Decathlon Corporation","Paramount Pictures Corporation","Fischl \u0026 Hartman Photographs","Sepia Tones","Image Gallery","Community Gallery","Countee Cullen Library","International Center of Photography","Corcoran Gallery of Art","First Time Photo Gallery","George Washington University","Artists Space (Gallery)","Arts Council of Rockland","Rockland Community College (Suffern, N.Y.)","Memorial Hospital of Burlington County","Mariboe Gallery","Peddie School","Artworks","Princeton Art Association","Allan P. Kirby Arts Center Gallery","The Lawrenceville School","May Gallery","New York University. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences","Trenton Artists Workshop Association","Forum Notes","Empire State College","New York African American Institute","J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College","Creative Artists Public Service Program","Light Impressions Corporation","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.)","Fashion Institute of Technology (New York, N.Y.). Galleries","Catskill Center for Photography (Woodstock, N.Y.)","Photo Newsletter","James Van DerZee Institute","Obscura","Los Angeles Center For Photographic Studies","Ten.8","Crown Publishers, Inc.","Atlanta University","Aperture, Inc.","Black Photographers Annual","Madison Art Center","Columbia College (Chicago, Ill.)","En Foco, Inc.","Kenyon College","W.W. Norton \u0026 Company","Institute for Youth Entrepreneurship","Culturefront","Newsweek","New York (N.Y.). Department of Commerce and Industrial Development","Uniworld Group, Inc. (Bethesda, Md.)","Mingo, Jones, Guilmenot, Inc.","De-Lite Records","PolyGram Records, Inc.","David Deutsch Associates","Art Direction","College of New Rochelle","Hofstra University","National Urban League","Gallery 62","Césaire Photo Agency","Photo/Chronicles Ltd.","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Just Above Midtown Gallery","Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.)","New Jersey State Museum","Gordon Parks Gallery","School of New Resources","Crawford \u0026 Sloan Gallery","International Black Photographers","Trenton City Museum","Ellarslie Mansion","Pavilion Galleries","TAWA Soviet Exchange Committee","Photographic Association of the USSR","Planeta Publishers","Sovart Inc.","Chuvash ASSR Photographic Art Society","Perm Scientific Methodological Center for Folk Art and Cultural and Educational Work","People's Photostudio of Perm","Reticulation","Chuvashskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet im. I.N. Ulʹi︠a︡nova","Mercer County Community College News","Bucks County Technical School (Bucks County, Pa.)","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Activities Department","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). Student Government Association","St. Lawrence Rehabilitation Center. Lobby Gallery","Hopewell Valley News","Artifacts Gallery","Mercer County Library. Ewing Branch","Mercer County Community College (N.J.). East Windsor Municipal Building","Pennington Post","Queenstown Gallery","Hamilton Township Public Library","Messenger-Press","Town Topics","Chronicle","Mercer Messenger","Beacon","New Jersey. Department of Higher Education","Infinity","American Society of Magazine Photographers","Barksdale Gallery","American Academy of Arts and Letters","Audio Visual Product News","County College of Morris","UFA Gallery","Gallery of South Orange","Jubilee","William Morrow and Company","Black Creation","New York University. Institute of African-American Affairs","Avon Books.","Hearst Corporation","Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center","Another View, Inc.","Langston Hughes Society","Brown University","Garland Publishing, Inc.","U.S. Lakeland Terrier Club","South Trenton Review","New Jersey Historical Commission","Transmondo","Sekonic","Hasselblad USA","Lindahl","Staticmaster","Draper, Louis H., 1935-2002","Faulkner, William, 1897-1962","Harris, Charles \"Teenie\", 1908-1998","Parker, Pat","Gloster, Dorothy","Williams, Henry A.","Draper, Hansel H.","Beach, George A. (George Anderson), 1902-1994","Massey, Cal, 1927-1972","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","Morgan, Margaret","Collins, Kathleen, 1942-1988","Gray, Ronald K.","Gloster, Brandon","Schulte, Roger","Hudson, Fred","Marcus","Szarkowski, John, 1925-2007","Bunnell, Peter C., 1937-","Caponigro, Paul, 1932-","Bat'ka, Bedřich, 1922-1994","Tangney, Ralph","Reno, Mike","Darkroom \u0026 creative camera techniques","Jilg, Mark","McNutt, Dennis","Beach, Donald","Felip, John","Carter, David","Moman-Bell, Patricia","Russo, Eleanor","Kolovakos, Gregory, 1951-1990","Holford, Mary","Moutoussamy-Ashe, Jeanne, 1951-","Olander, William, 1950-1989","Collins, Denise","Salewski, Randal","Horwitz, Alan","Levin, David","Remer, Lisa","West, Janice M.","Blackford, Eva","Holl-Madara, Lynn","Siskind, Carroll","Conklin, D. David","Chiego, William J., 1943-","Rotkin, Charles E., 1916-","Rosado, Maria","Price, Pamela","Steele, Diana","Fawcetter, Caroline","Young, John","Willis, Deborah, 1948-","Bey, Dawoud, 1953-","Pope, Sharon","Mathesius, Bill","Feinstein, Harold, 1931-2015","Schneeman, Liane","Williams, H. G.","Adams, Jeanne","Zakia, Richard D. 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Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall Carving a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio","title_ssm":["Wigfall Carving a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio"],"title_tesim":["Wigfall Carving a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wigfall Carving a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio, 1954"],"text":["Wigfall Carving a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio, 1954","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020","2.5 x 2.5","Item VA12.01.2.002","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","VA12.08.1.008","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":11,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"physdesc_tesim":["2.5 x 2.5"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.01.2.002"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"date_range_isim":[1954],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVA12.08.1.008\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["VA12.08.1.008"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. 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Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c02"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wigfall Holding a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio, 1954","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c03"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall Holding a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio","title_ssm":["Wigfall Holding a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio"],"title_tesim":["Wigfall Holding a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wigfall Holding a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio, 1954"],"text":["Wigfall Holding a Woodblock in the Yale University Studio, 1954","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020","2.5 x 2.5","Item VA12.01.2.003","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","VA12.08.1.008","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":12,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"physdesc_tesim":["2.5 x 2.5"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.01.2.003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"date_range_isim":[1954],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVA12.08.1.008\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["VA12.08.1.008"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c03"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wigfall in the Yale University Studio, 1954","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c05","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c05"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c05","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall in the Yale University Studio","title_ssm":["Wigfall in the Yale University Studio"],"title_tesim":["Wigfall in the Yale University Studio"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wigfall in the Yale University Studio, 1954"],"text":["Wigfall in the Yale University Studio, 1954","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020","2.5 x 2.5","Item VA12.01.2.005","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":14,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"physdesc_tesim":["2.5 x 2.5"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.01.2.005"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"date_range_isim":[1954],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#4","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c05"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wigfall Looking at a Print in the Yale University Studio, 1954","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c04","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c04"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c04","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall Looking at a Print in the Yale University Studio","title_ssm":["Wigfall Looking at a Print in the Yale University Studio"],"title_tesim":["Wigfall Looking at a Print in the Yale University Studio"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wigfall Looking at a Print in the Yale University Studio, 1954"],"text":["Wigfall Looking at a Print in the Yale University Studio, 1954","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020","2.5 x 2.5","Item VA12.01.2.004","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","2022.198","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":13,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"physdesc_tesim":["2.5 x 2.5"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.01.2.004"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"date_range_isim":[1954],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2022.198\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["2022.198"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c04"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wigfall Working at the Press in the Yale University Studio, 1954","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c06","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c06"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c06","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall Working at the Press in the Yale University Studio","title_ssm":["Wigfall Working at the Press in the Yale University Studio"],"title_tesim":["Wigfall Working at the Press in the Yale University Studio"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wigfall Working at the Press in the Yale University Studio, 1954"],"text":["Wigfall Working at the Press in the Yale University Studio, 1954","Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020","2.5 x 2.5","Item VA12.01.2.006","New Haven (Conn.)","Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","Series 1: Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944/2023","Sub-Series 1.2: Education, 1944/2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1954"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":15,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"physdesc_tesim":["2.5 x 2.5"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Black-and-white photographs"],"containers_ssim":["Item VA12.01.2.006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"geogname_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"geogname_ssm":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"places_ssim":["New Haven (Conn.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello."],"date_range_isim":[1954],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Digitization has been made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#5","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_465","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_465.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/465","title_filing_ssi":"Wigfall, Benjamin (VA-12)","title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-2023"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-2023"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/2023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"text":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023","VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465","Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints).","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020","Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.","The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.","In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers, 1880/2023"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"unitid_tesim":["VA-12","/repositories/2/resources/465"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creators_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American","Art, American -- 20th century -- Virginia","Painting -- 20th century","Prints -- Technique","Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"extent_tesim":["21.875 Linear Feet 50 boxes; 63 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Woodcuts (prints).","Etchings (prints)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCommunications Village, 1880-1980\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWatermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMigrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNew York, 1917-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eArt and Printmaking, 1951-1993\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhotography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOther Artists and Friends, 1949-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into 10 series, and items are generally arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are generally placed at the end at each series.","Series 1\n        Benjamin L. Wigfall, 1944-2023\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Mary Carter Wigfall, 1949-2017\n      \n      \n        Series 3\n        Wigfall Family Records, 1944-2014\n      \n      \n        Series 4\n        Communications Village, 1880-1980\n      \n      \n        Series 5\n        Watermark/Cargo Gallery, 1969-2004\n      \n      \n        Series 6\n        Migrant Children's Center, 1965-1999\n      \n      \n        Series 7\n        New York, 1917-2018\n      \n      \n        Series 8\n        Art and Printmaking, 1951-1993\n      \n      \n        Series 9\n        Photography Projects - Communications Village, 1970s-2000s\n      \n      \n        Series 10\n        Other Artists and Friends, 1949-2020"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Leroy Wigfall was born on November 17th, 1930 in Richmond, VA to parents James Andrew and Willie Cogena Wigfall. Wigfall attended the segregated George Mason Elementary School in Richmond until 1944, and moved to Armstrong High School (also segregated) for his secondary education until 1948. Armstrong High School is where Wigfall began to grow artistically, with the help of his senior-year art teacher, Stafford W. Evans, who introduced him to the VMFA. After high school, Wigfall attended Hampton Institute (now University) in 1948, taking part of his first year for a medical leave of absence due to his epilepsy.","After receiving his Bachelor in Art Education from Hampton Institute in 1953, Wigfall transferred to Yale University in order to continue his graduate studies in 1954. During this time, he also took another leave of absence to teach at Hampton Institute as an Art Educator. Wigfall re-entered Yale in 1958, and finished with his Master of Fine Arts from Yale University's Department of Design.","Wigfall went on to found both Communications Village Ltd., a community arts center in Kingston, NY, and the Watermark/Cargo Gallery, a contemporary and African art gallery also in Kingston, New York."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was donated by the artist's estate in December 2022. It was packed at Wigfall's home and studio in New Paltz, New York in September 2022."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Benjamin L. Wigfall Artist Archives and Mary Carter Wigfall Personal Papers (VA-12). Gift of Michael Gino Wigfall and Gia Oke-Bello. VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2021, the museum was awarded a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to fund 9 months of work for a graduate level intern during the 2022-2023 academic year. From October 2022 to June 2023, Nuelle Johnson performed all of the processing, description, rehousing and select digitization for the collection.","Item-level cataloging completed by Nuelle Johnson will continue to be added and updated in ArchivesSpace by Archivist Emily Johnson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1880-2023, with the bulk of the material dating from the 1940s-1970s. The collection is comprised of correspondence, ephemera, publications, prints, slides, woodblocks, metal plates, photographs, certificates, financial documents, and more related to the life and work of both Benjamin L. Wigfall and Mary C. Wigfall."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTransmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. VMFA has been granted a non-exclusive license to reproduce the collection only for their educational and publicity purposes by the Benjamin Wigfall Estate. Other digitized content is licensed for use under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License.","Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4aa27f66a6c0c2bf8444280ed5caacf4\"\u003eThe collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the life and work of Benjamin L. Wigfall, African American abstract expressionist artist. Benjamin L. Wigfall was the second African American artist to have a painting aquired by the VMFA, as well as the youngest ever artist to do the same. In addition to his work as an artist, Wigfall also taught and mentored in both Virginia at Hampton Institute, as well as New York at SUNY New Paltz and in his own community. Additionally, the collection contains documents related to the life and career of artist and educator, Mary Carter Wigfall, Benjamin L. Wigfall's wife. Mary C. Wigfall founded and directed the Migrant Childcare Center in New York from the early 1970s until her retirement in 1992."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"persname_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"names_coll_ssim":["Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Wigfall, Benjamin L., 1930-2017","Wigfall, Mary Carter, 1932-2020","Peebles, Jesse","Van Dyke, Vera","Hotton, Julia","Fitzgerald, George","VanDerzee, Betty Royal","Hatcher, Lester","Scott, Edward","Carpenter, Larry","Van Dyke, Michael","Gordon, Martin","Howell, Kenny","Drake, Alfreda","Easter, Sonia","Barnes, Phyllis","Washington, Debbie","Washington, Dawn","Hunt, Val","Peebles, Vanella","Lewis, Jackie","Wade, Melrin","Lewis, Margaret Wade","Van Dyke, Sharon","Easter, Yvonne Thomas","Renner, Frank","Jackson, Annie","Raleigh, Henry","Crichlow, Ernest, 1914-2005.","Washington, Leroy","Washington, Dennis","Johnson, George H. Ben, 1888-1970."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":397,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_465_c01_c02_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","hits":7},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=New+Haven+%28Conn.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=New+Haven+%28Conn.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Benjamin L. 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