{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Simms%2C+Lucy+F.+%28Lucy+Frances%29%2C+1856-1934","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Simms%2C+Lucy+F.+%28Lucy+Frances%29%2C+1856-1934\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":10,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"66. Students at Effinger Street Colored School","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds","\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds","\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds","\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)","66. Students at Effinger Street Colored School","Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman."],"title_filing_ssi":"66. Students at Effinger Street Colored School","title_ssm":["66. Students at Effinger Street Colored School"],"title_tesim":["66. Students at Effinger Street Colored School"],"normalized_title_ssm":["66. Students at Effinger Street Colored School"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":74,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"names_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934"],"corpname_ssim":["Effinger Street School"],"persname_ssim":["Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06_c06"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_260","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Dale F. Harter Collection of \"Undocumented Deeds: An Exhibit on the History of Harrisonburg's African-American Community from 1930-1985\"","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_260#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Harter, Dale F.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_260#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"These four folders contain items and information used in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American Community.\" The exhibit was curated by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_260#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_260","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_260","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_260","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_260","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_260.xml","title_ssm":["Dale F. Harter Collection of \"Undocumented Deeds: An Exhibit on the History of Harrisonburg's African-American Community from 1930-1985\""],"title_tesim":["Dale F. Harter Collection of \"Undocumented Deeds: An Exhibit on the History of Harrisonburg's African-American Community from 1930-1985\""],"unitdate_ssm":["1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0105","/repositories/4/resources/260"],"text":["SC 0105","/repositories/4/resources/260","Dale F. Harter Collection of \"Undocumented Deeds: An Exhibit on the History of Harrisonburg's African-American Community from 1930-1985\"","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","African American athletes  -- United States -- Biography","African American teachers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African American teachers and the community -- Sources","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African American churches -- History -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Genealogy","African Americans -- Education (Elementary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Secondary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Social life and customs -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Economic conditions -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Exhibit scripts","Genealogies (histories)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged topically in folders. Folder one contains items relating to the exhibit and the Harrisonburg Rockingham Historical Society, such as fliers, newspaper clippings, and donor gift/loan contracts between Dale Harter and H-RHS. Folder two contains an account of Bethel A.M.E. Church History and other church newsletters. Folder three contains information for the 4th reunion of the Lucy Simms - Effinger Street School in 1991 and other documents related to the school. Folder four contains miscellaneous information about local area","Some (but not all) of the people or groups mentioned in the collection:","Ebony Players  Effinger Street School  Harris, W. N. P.  Harrisonburg-Adjacent Community Choir  Lucy Simms School  Non-sectarian Chorus  Sampson, Ralph (Sr. and Jr.)  Shades of Ebony  Simms, Lucy F.  Webb, Roberta ","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2085 .","This collection consists of photocopies of news clippings, school reunion programs, portions of church histories, scrapbooks, newsletters, photographs, and other items displayed in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American community\" compiled by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991. Information pertains largely to the time period 1930-1985. Most items were loaned for the display, and the collection includes copies of the loan contracts. Also included is a 3-page chronology of African-American history in Harrisonburg by Dale Harter.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","These four folders contain items and information used in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American Community.\" The exhibit was curated by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Bethel A.M.E. 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Harter Collection of \"Undocumented Deeds: An Exhibit on the History of Harrisonburg's African-American Community, 1930-1985\", SC 0105, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Dale F. 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This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2085 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of photocopies of news clippings, school reunion programs, portions of church histories, scrapbooks, newsletters, photographs, and other items displayed in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American community\" compiled by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991. Information pertains largely to the time period 1930-1985. Most items were loaned for the display, and the collection includes copies of the loan contracts. Also included is a 3-page chronology of African-American history in Harrisonburg by Dale Harter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of photocopies of news clippings, school reunion programs, portions of church histories, scrapbooks, newsletters, photographs, and other items displayed in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American community\" compiled by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991. Information pertains largely to the time period 1930-1985. Most items were loaned for the display, and the collection includes copies of the loan contracts. Also included is a 3-page chronology of African-American history in Harrisonburg by Dale Harter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02030425259afe5ec23373cc0d37a7ed\"\u003eThese four folders contain items and information used in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American Community.\" The exhibit was curated by Dale F. 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Harrisonburg-Adjacent Community Choir  Lucy Simms School  Non-sectarian Chorus  Sampson, Ralph (Sr. and Jr.)  Shades of Ebony  Simms, Lucy F.  Webb, Roberta ","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2085 .","This collection consists of photocopies of news clippings, school reunion programs, portions of church histories, scrapbooks, newsletters, photographs, and other items displayed in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American community\" compiled by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991. Information pertains largely to the time period 1930-1985. Most items were loaned for the display, and the collection includes copies of the loan contracts. 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Also included is a 3-page chronology of African-American history in Harrisonburg by Dale Harter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02030425259afe5ec23373cc0d37a7ed\"\u003eThese four folders contain items and information used in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American Community.\" The exhibit was curated by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["These four folders contain items and information used in the exhibit \"Undocumented Deeds: an exhibit on the history of Harrisonburg's African-American Community.\" The exhibit was curated by Dale F. Harter and held in the Warren-Sipe Museum of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society in the autumn of 1991."],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Bethel A.M.E. Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Bundy's Boys Band","Ebony Players (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Shades of Ebony (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Harrisonburg-Adjacent Community Choir","Non-Sectarian Chorus (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Sampson, Ralph, 1960-","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Sampson, Ralph, Sr.","Stevens, Howard"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Bethel A.M.E. Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Bundy's Boys Band","Ebony Players (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Shades of Ebony (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Harrisonburg-Adjacent Community Choir","Non-Sectarian Chorus (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Harter, Dale F.","Sampson, Ralph, 1960-","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Sampson, Ralph, Sr.","Stevens, Howard"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Bethel A.M.E. Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Bundy's Boys Band","Ebony Players (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Shades of Ebony (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Harrisonburg-Adjacent Community Choir","Non-Sectarian Chorus (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Harter, Dale F.","Sampson, Ralph, 1960-","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Sampson, Ralph, Sr.","Stevens, Howard"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_260"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lucy Simms oral histories","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_665#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Getachew, Wondwossen","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_665#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_665#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_665.xml","title_ssm":["Lucy Simms oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Lucy Simms oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0020","/repositories/4/resources/665"],"text":["SdArch 0020","/repositories/4/resources/665","Lucy Simms oral histories","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","African American teachers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African American teachers and the community -- Sources","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Elementary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Secondary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Social life and customs -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","Social change","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","oral histories (literary works)","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Collection materials are arranged according to interviewee.","Lucy Frances Simms was born into slavery in 1856 at the Hill Top Plantation located along Harrisonburg's northeast boundary. After Emancipation, her family settled on the same land where they were formerly enslaved, known as Newtown. As a young girl, Simms attended the Whipple School, Harrisonburg's first African American schoolhouse near Blacks Run, and later enrolled at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Hampton, Virginia where she studied alongside Booker T. Washington. After graduating in 1877 with a teaching certificate, Simms returned to the Harrisonburg area, where she taught three generations of Black students over the course of five decades. She began her teaching career at Long's Chapel schoolhouse in Zenda where she taught for one year before taking a position at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg. Simms taught there for fifty-one years until her death in 1934. She is buried in Newtown Cemetery. Her advocacy and commitment to teaching was commemorated by the Lucy F. Simms School which was built in 1939 as the city's new school for Black students and named in Simms's honor. The school, now known as the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center, was in operation until 1966 when the local schools desegregated.","Recorded at Ellen Walker's residence at 231 East Johnson Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was the former residence of Lucy F. Simms.","Recorded at 192 Kelly Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 424 Myrtle Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 366 Effinger Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","At some point after their donation in 2001, the cassette tapes were reformatted into a digital format.","The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house. Topics discussed include Lucy Simms as an educator and her teaching style; local African American education more broadly; and social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods.","Records the reminiscences of Ellen Walker, who purchased and renovated Lucy Simms' Harrisonburg house in 1997. Describes her childhood and school experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the 1950s and 1960s, during the transition from segregation to integration. Discusses the economic and social impact of segregation on the school systems. Relates how she moved to Harrisonburg in 1994, where she found the Simms house, abandoned and in disrepair. Describes the process of buying the house from the City of Harrisonburg and renovating it with the help of volunteers from the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Mentions a number of Simms' papers and letters found in the attic, during renovation. Describes Simms' family, including her mother, sister, and two brothers; John Simms and Ulysses Wilson. Gives a brief account of the final days and death of Lucy Simms in the house, in 1934.","Records the reminiscences of Carlotta Newman Harris, who was a neighbor and student of Lucy Simms in the early twentieth century. Recounts her early family life and her experiences as a student in Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg, Va. (ca. 1917). Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor. Discusses the daily routine at the school, including the role of the principal, her future father-in-law, William Harris, whom she calls \"Dembe.\" Mentions events in subsequent primary grades and her eventual high school graduation from that same school in 1929. Includes recollections of the friendship between her mother and Simms, as well as Simms' standing and reputation in the community. Briefly describes the physical and social changes in her Harrisonburg neighborhood over several decades.","Records the reminiscences of Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, and Louise Winston, three former students of Lucy Simms at the Effinger Street School. Describes Simms' teaching style and her standing in the community. Includes a brief physical description of the Effinger Street School, as well as the Lucy F. Simms School, where all three students were transferred in 1939. Refers to Mary Fairfax, who taught at the Simms School. Discusses the social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods after a major redevelopment project in the 1940s.","Records the reminiscences of Elon Rhodes, a lifelong resident of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Recounts his early family life and his experiences as a student in Lucy Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School (circa 1928), and his subsequent high school graduation from that same school in 1939. Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor, as well as the physical layout of the school building. Mentions the Lucy F. Simms school building, which opened the year he graduated from Effinger Street, in 1939. Briefly mentions the Effinger Street School's principal, William Harris, who would hold the same position at the Simms School. Describes race relations in Harrisonburg, as well as the changing demographic and social structure of the city over several decades. Touches briefly on his service in a segregated Army unit in World War II and his subsequent entry into Harrisonburg municipal government upon his return from the war. Discusses his two terms on the school board and his two years as the vice-mayor of Harrisonburg.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School","Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Walker, Ellen, 1951-","Harris, Carlotta (Mary Carlotta Newman), 1911-2015","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Johnson, Edgar, 1925-2003","Johnson, Wilhelmina","Winston, Louise Helen, 1921-2019","Rhodes, Elon W. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Cassette tapes, transcripts, and background paper were donated to Special Collections by interviewer Wondwossen Getachew in January 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American teachers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African American teachers and the community -- Sources","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Elementary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Secondary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Social life and customs -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","Social change","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American teachers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African American teachers and the community -- Sources","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Elementary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Secondary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Social life and customs -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","Social change","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.09 cubic feet 5 folders, 6 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.09 cubic feet 5 folders, 6 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection materials are arranged according to interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection materials are arranged according to interviewee."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLucy Frances Simms was born into slavery in 1856 at the Hill Top Plantation located along Harrisonburg's northeast boundary. After Emancipation, her family settled on the same land where they were formerly enslaved, known as Newtown. As a young girl, Simms attended the Whipple School, Harrisonburg's first African American schoolhouse near Blacks Run, and later enrolled at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Hampton, Virginia where she studied alongside Booker T. Washington. After graduating in 1877 with a teaching certificate, Simms returned to the Harrisonburg area, where she taught three generations of Black students over the course of five decades. She began her teaching career at Long's Chapel schoolhouse in Zenda where she taught for one year before taking a position at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg. Simms taught there for fifty-one years until her death in 1934. She is buried in Newtown Cemetery. Her advocacy and commitment to teaching was commemorated by the Lucy F. Simms School which was built in 1939 as the city's new school for Black students and named in Simms's honor. The school, now known as the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center, was in operation until 1966 when the local schools desegregated.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Frances Simms was born into slavery in 1856 at the Hill Top Plantation located along Harrisonburg's northeast boundary. After Emancipation, her family settled on the same land where they were formerly enslaved, known as Newtown. As a young girl, Simms attended the Whipple School, Harrisonburg's first African American schoolhouse near Blacks Run, and later enrolled at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Hampton, Virginia where she studied alongside Booker T. Washington. After graduating in 1877 with a teaching certificate, Simms returned to the Harrisonburg area, where she taught three generations of Black students over the course of five decades. She began her teaching career at Long's Chapel schoolhouse in Zenda where she taught for one year before taking a position at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg. Simms taught there for fifty-one years until her death in 1934. She is buried in Newtown Cemetery. Her advocacy and commitment to teaching was commemorated by the Lucy F. Simms School which was built in 1939 as the city's new school for Black students and named in Simms's honor. The school, now known as the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center, was in operation until 1966 when the local schools desegregated."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecorded at Ellen Walker's residence at 231 East Johnson Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was the former residence of Lucy F. Simms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at 192 Kelly Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at 424 Myrtle Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at 366 Effinger Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview"],"odd_tesim":["Recorded at Ellen Walker's residence at 231 East Johnson Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was the former residence of Lucy F. Simms.","Recorded at 192 Kelly Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 424 Myrtle Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 366 Effinger Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Lucy Simms Oral Histories, 2000, SdArch 0020, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Lucy Simms Oral Histories, 2000, SdArch 0020, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt some point after their donation in 2001, the cassette tapes were reformatted into a digital format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["At some point after their donation in 2001, the cassette tapes were reformatted into a digital format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house. Topics discussed include Lucy Simms as an educator and her teaching style; local African American education more broadly; and social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Ellen Walker, who purchased and renovated Lucy Simms' Harrisonburg house in 1997. Describes her childhood and school experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the 1950s and 1960s, during the transition from segregation to integration. Discusses the economic and social impact of segregation on the school systems. Relates how she moved to Harrisonburg in 1994, where she found the Simms house, abandoned and in disrepair. Describes the process of buying the house from the City of Harrisonburg and renovating it with the help of volunteers from the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Mentions a number of Simms' papers and letters found in the attic, during renovation. Describes Simms' family, including her mother, sister, and two brothers; John Simms and Ulysses Wilson. Gives a brief account of the final days and death of Lucy Simms in the house, in 1934.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Carlotta Newman Harris, who was a neighbor and student of Lucy Simms in the early twentieth century. Recounts her early family life and her experiences as a student in Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg, Va. (ca. 1917). Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor. Discusses the daily routine at the school, including the role of the principal, her future father-in-law, William Harris, whom she calls \"Dembe.\" Mentions events in subsequent primary grades and her eventual high school graduation from that same school in 1929. Includes recollections of the friendship between her mother and Simms, as well as Simms' standing and reputation in the community. Briefly describes the physical and social changes in her Harrisonburg neighborhood over several decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, and Louise Winston, three former students of Lucy Simms at the Effinger Street School. Describes Simms' teaching style and her standing in the community. Includes a brief physical description of the Effinger Street School, as well as the Lucy F. Simms School, where all three students were transferred in 1939. Refers to Mary Fairfax, who taught at the Simms School. Discusses the social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods after a major redevelopment project in the 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Elon Rhodes, a lifelong resident of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Recounts his early family life and his experiences as a student in Lucy Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School (circa 1928), and his subsequent high school graduation from that same school in 1939. Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor, as well as the physical layout of the school building. Mentions the Lucy F. Simms school building, which opened the year he graduated from Effinger Street, in 1939. Briefly mentions the Effinger Street School's principal, William Harris, who would hold the same position at the Simms School. Describes race relations in Harrisonburg, as well as the changing demographic and social structure of the city over several decades. Touches briefly on his service in a segregated Army unit in World War II and his subsequent entry into Harrisonburg municipal government upon his return from the war. Discusses his two terms on the school board and his two years as the vice-mayor of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house. Topics discussed include Lucy Simms as an educator and her teaching style; local African American education more broadly; and social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods.","Records the reminiscences of Ellen Walker, who purchased and renovated Lucy Simms' Harrisonburg house in 1997. Describes her childhood and school experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the 1950s and 1960s, during the transition from segregation to integration. Discusses the economic and social impact of segregation on the school systems. Relates how she moved to Harrisonburg in 1994, where she found the Simms house, abandoned and in disrepair. Describes the process of buying the house from the City of Harrisonburg and renovating it with the help of volunteers from the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Mentions a number of Simms' papers and letters found in the attic, during renovation. Describes Simms' family, including her mother, sister, and two brothers; John Simms and Ulysses Wilson. Gives a brief account of the final days and death of Lucy Simms in the house, in 1934.","Records the reminiscences of Carlotta Newman Harris, who was a neighbor and student of Lucy Simms in the early twentieth century. Recounts her early family life and her experiences as a student in Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg, Va. (ca. 1917). Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor. Discusses the daily routine at the school, including the role of the principal, her future father-in-law, William Harris, whom she calls \"Dembe.\" Mentions events in subsequent primary grades and her eventual high school graduation from that same school in 1929. Includes recollections of the friendship between her mother and Simms, as well as Simms' standing and reputation in the community. Briefly describes the physical and social changes in her Harrisonburg neighborhood over several decades.","Records the reminiscences of Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, and Louise Winston, three former students of Lucy Simms at the Effinger Street School. Describes Simms' teaching style and her standing in the community. Includes a brief physical description of the Effinger Street School, as well as the Lucy F. Simms School, where all three students were transferred in 1939. Refers to Mary Fairfax, who taught at the Simms School. Discusses the social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods after a major redevelopment project in the 1940s.","Records the reminiscences of Elon Rhodes, a lifelong resident of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Recounts his early family life and his experiences as a student in Lucy Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School (circa 1928), and his subsequent high school graduation from that same school in 1939. Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor, as well as the physical layout of the school building. Mentions the Lucy F. Simms school building, which opened the year he graduated from Effinger Street, in 1939. Briefly mentions the Effinger Street School's principal, William Harris, who would hold the same position at the Simms School. Describes race relations in Harrisonburg, as well as the changing demographic and social structure of the city over several decades. Touches briefly on his service in a segregated Army unit in World War II and his subsequent entry into Harrisonburg municipal government upon his return from the war. Discusses his two terms on the school board and his two years as the vice-mayor of Harrisonburg."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c0804b18f89737cff3d0ea6cda7a102b\"\u003eThe oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School","Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School","Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Walker, Ellen, 1951-","Harris, Carlotta (Mary Carlotta Newman), 1911-2015","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Johnson, Edgar, 1925-2003","Johnson, Wilhelmina","Winston, Louise Helen, 1921-2019","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School"],"persname_ssim":["Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Walker, Ellen, 1951-","Harris, Carlotta (Mary Carlotta Newman), 1911-2015","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Johnson, Edgar, 1925-2003","Johnson, Wilhelmina","Winston, Louise Helen, 1921-2019","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:27.342Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_665","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_665.xml","title_ssm":["Lucy Simms oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Lucy Simms oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["2000"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0020","/repositories/4/resources/665"],"text":["SdArch 0020","/repositories/4/resources/665","Lucy Simms oral histories","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- Race relations","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","African American teachers -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African American teachers and the community -- Sources","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Elementary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Education (Secondary) -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Social life and customs -- Sources","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Segregation in education -- Virginia -- History","Social change","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","oral histories (literary works)","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Collection materials are arranged according to interviewee.","Lucy Frances Simms was born into slavery in 1856 at the Hill Top Plantation located along Harrisonburg's northeast boundary. After Emancipation, her family settled on the same land where they were formerly enslaved, known as Newtown. As a young girl, Simms attended the Whipple School, Harrisonburg's first African American schoolhouse near Blacks Run, and later enrolled at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Hampton, Virginia where she studied alongside Booker T. Washington. After graduating in 1877 with a teaching certificate, Simms returned to the Harrisonburg area, where she taught three generations of Black students over the course of five decades. She began her teaching career at Long's Chapel schoolhouse in Zenda where she taught for one year before taking a position at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg. Simms taught there for fifty-one years until her death in 1934. She is buried in Newtown Cemetery. Her advocacy and commitment to teaching was commemorated by the Lucy F. Simms School which was built in 1939 as the city's new school for Black students and named in Simms's honor. The school, now known as the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center, was in operation until 1966 when the local schools desegregated.","Recorded at Ellen Walker's residence at 231 East Johnson Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was the former residence of Lucy F. Simms.","Recorded at 192 Kelly Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 424 Myrtle Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 366 Effinger Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","At some point after their donation in 2001, the cassette tapes were reformatted into a digital format.","The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house. Topics discussed include Lucy Simms as an educator and her teaching style; local African American education more broadly; and social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods.","Records the reminiscences of Ellen Walker, who purchased and renovated Lucy Simms' Harrisonburg house in 1997. Describes her childhood and school experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the 1950s and 1960s, during the transition from segregation to integration. Discusses the economic and social impact of segregation on the school systems. Relates how she moved to Harrisonburg in 1994, where she found the Simms house, abandoned and in disrepair. Describes the process of buying the house from the City of Harrisonburg and renovating it with the help of volunteers from the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Mentions a number of Simms' papers and letters found in the attic, during renovation. Describes Simms' family, including her mother, sister, and two brothers; John Simms and Ulysses Wilson. Gives a brief account of the final days and death of Lucy Simms in the house, in 1934.","Records the reminiscences of Carlotta Newman Harris, who was a neighbor and student of Lucy Simms in the early twentieth century. Recounts her early family life and her experiences as a student in Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg, Va. (ca. 1917). Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor. Discusses the daily routine at the school, including the role of the principal, her future father-in-law, William Harris, whom she calls \"Dembe.\" Mentions events in subsequent primary grades and her eventual high school graduation from that same school in 1929. Includes recollections of the friendship between her mother and Simms, as well as Simms' standing and reputation in the community. Briefly describes the physical and social changes in her Harrisonburg neighborhood over several decades.","Records the reminiscences of Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, and Louise Winston, three former students of Lucy Simms at the Effinger Street School. Describes Simms' teaching style and her standing in the community. Includes a brief physical description of the Effinger Street School, as well as the Lucy F. Simms School, where all three students were transferred in 1939. Refers to Mary Fairfax, who taught at the Simms School. Discusses the social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods after a major redevelopment project in the 1940s.","Records the reminiscences of Elon Rhodes, a lifelong resident of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Recounts his early family life and his experiences as a student in Lucy Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School (circa 1928), and his subsequent high school graduation from that same school in 1939. Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor, as well as the physical layout of the school building. Mentions the Lucy F. Simms school building, which opened the year he graduated from Effinger Street, in 1939. Briefly mentions the Effinger Street School's principal, William Harris, who would hold the same position at the Simms School. Describes race relations in Harrisonburg, as well as the changing demographic and social structure of the city over several decades. Touches briefly on his service in a segregated Army unit in World War II and his subsequent entry into Harrisonburg municipal government upon his return from the war. Discusses his two terms on the school board and his two years as the vice-mayor of Harrisonburg.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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She began her teaching career at Long's Chapel schoolhouse in Zenda where she taught for one year before taking a position at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg. Simms taught there for fifty-one years until her death in 1934. She is buried in Newtown Cemetery. Her advocacy and commitment to teaching was commemorated by the Lucy F. Simms School which was built in 1939 as the city's new school for Black students and named in Simms's honor. The school, now known as the Lucy F. Simms Continuing Education Center, was in operation until 1966 when the local schools desegregated."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecorded at Ellen Walker's residence at 231 East Johnson Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia. It was the former residence of Lucy F. 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Simms.","Recorded at 192 Kelly Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 424 Myrtle Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at 366 Effinger Street, Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Lucy Simms Oral Histories, 2000, SdArch 0020, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Lucy Simms Oral Histories, 2000, SdArch 0020, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt some point after their donation in 2001, the cassette tapes were reformatted into a digital format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["At some point after their donation in 2001, the cassette tapes were reformatted into a digital format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house. 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Briefly describes the physical and social changes in her Harrisonburg neighborhood over several decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, and Louise Winston, three former students of Lucy Simms at the Effinger Street School. Describes Simms' teaching style and her standing in the community. Includes a brief physical description of the Effinger Street School, as well as the Lucy F. Simms School, where all three students were transferred in 1939. Refers to Mary Fairfax, who taught at the Simms School. Discusses the social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods after a major redevelopment project in the 1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Elon Rhodes, a lifelong resident of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Recounts his early family life and his experiences as a student in Lucy Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School (circa 1928), and his subsequent high school graduation from that same school in 1939. Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor, as well as the physical layout of the school building. Mentions the Lucy F. Simms school building, which opened the year he graduated from Effinger Street, in 1939. Briefly mentions the Effinger Street School's principal, William Harris, who would hold the same position at the Simms School. Describes race relations in Harrisonburg, as well as the changing demographic and social structure of the city over several decades. Touches briefly on his service in a segregated Army unit in World War II and his subsequent entry into Harrisonburg municipal government upon his return from the war. Discusses his two terms on the school board and his two years as the vice-mayor of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house. Topics discussed include Lucy Simms as an educator and her teaching style; local African American education more broadly; and social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods.","Records the reminiscences of Ellen Walker, who purchased and renovated Lucy Simms' Harrisonburg house in 1997. Describes her childhood and school experiences in Charlottesville, Virginia, in the 1950s and 1960s, during the transition from segregation to integration. Discusses the economic and social impact of segregation on the school systems. Relates how she moved to Harrisonburg in 1994, where she found the Simms house, abandoned and in disrepair. Describes the process of buying the house from the City of Harrisonburg and renovating it with the help of volunteers from the local chapter of Habitat for Humanity. Mentions a number of Simms' papers and letters found in the attic, during renovation. Describes Simms' family, including her mother, sister, and two brothers; John Simms and Ulysses Wilson. Gives a brief account of the final days and death of Lucy Simms in the house, in 1934.","Records the reminiscences of Carlotta Newman Harris, who was a neighbor and student of Lucy Simms in the early twentieth century. Recounts her early family life and her experiences as a student in Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School in Harrisonburg, Va. (ca. 1917). Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor. Discusses the daily routine at the school, including the role of the principal, her future father-in-law, William Harris, whom she calls \"Dembe.\" Mentions events in subsequent primary grades and her eventual high school graduation from that same school in 1929. Includes recollections of the friendship between her mother and Simms, as well as Simms' standing and reputation in the community. Briefly describes the physical and social changes in her Harrisonburg neighborhood over several decades.","Records the reminiscences of Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, and Louise Winston, three former students of Lucy Simms at the Effinger Street School. Describes Simms' teaching style and her standing in the community. Includes a brief physical description of the Effinger Street School, as well as the Lucy F. Simms School, where all three students were transferred in 1939. Refers to Mary Fairfax, who taught at the Simms School. Discusses the social, economic, and demographic changes to Harrisonburg's African American neighborhoods after a major redevelopment project in the 1940s.","Records the reminiscences of Elon Rhodes, a lifelong resident of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Recounts his early family life and his experiences as a student in Lucy Simms' first grade class at the Effinger Street School (circa 1928), and his subsequent high school graduation from that same school in 1939. Describes Simms' teaching technique and classroom demeanor, as well as the physical layout of the school building. Mentions the Lucy F. Simms school building, which opened the year he graduated from Effinger Street, in 1939. Briefly mentions the Effinger Street School's principal, William Harris, who would hold the same position at the Simms School. Describes race relations in Harrisonburg, as well as the changing demographic and social structure of the city over several decades. Touches briefly on his service in a segregated Army unit in World War II and his subsequent entry into Harrisonburg municipal government upon his return from the war. Discusses his two terms on the school board and his two years as the vice-mayor of Harrisonburg."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c0804b18f89737cff3d0ea6cda7a102b\"\u003eThe oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The oral history collection includes the recollections of Carlotta Harris, Edgar Johnson and wife, Wilhelmina Johnson, Louise Winston, and Elon Rhodes, former students of Lucy Simms, and Ellen Walker, current owner of the Lucy Simms house."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School","Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School","Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Walker, Ellen, 1951-","Harris, Carlotta (Mary Carlotta Newman), 1911-2015","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Johnson, Edgar, 1925-2003","Johnson, Wilhelmina","Winston, Louise Helen, 1921-2019","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Effinger Street School"],"persname_ssim":["Getachew, Wondwossen","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Walker, Ellen, 1951-","Harris, Carlotta (Mary Carlotta Newman), 1911-2015","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Johnson, Edgar, 1925-2003","Johnson, Wilhelmina","Winston, Louise Helen, 1921-2019","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:27.342Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_665"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Papers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers"],"text":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. 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The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[2007,2008,2009],"names_ssim":["Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harter, Dale F.","Henry, Mary Ellen","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Koons, Kenneth E.","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-"],"persname_ssim":["Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harter, Dale F.","Henry, Mary Ellen","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Koons, Kenneth E.","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"text":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009","The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 .","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in 2008 by Joseph Whitehorne, one of the organizers of SVRSS and a faculty member at Lord Fairfax Community College. Several papers were added after the initial donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1995-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePapers, 1990-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort description of project only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral chapters from her dissertation only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis chapter only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo script with abstract and 2 CVs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes timeline and pictures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV statement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith update to Figure 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith copy containing handwritten note and CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV and emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides with CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished article with presentation abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of New Hampshire thesis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject proposal only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith book abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides and 2 CDs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis with abstract and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41951ed8c891ff37302db7926a2bc4fa\"\u003eThis collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. 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(Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. 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(Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"title_filing_ssi":"Papers","title_ssm":["Papers"],"title_tesim":["Papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":15,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"names_ssim":["Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. 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Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Browning, Joan C.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","McDermott, Paul D.","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harter, Dale F.","Henry, Mary Ellen","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Koons, Kenneth E.","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"text":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009","The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 .","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in 2008 by Joseph Whitehorne, one of the organizers of SVRSS and a faculty member at Lord Fairfax Community College. Several papers were added after the initial donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1995-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePapers, 1990-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort description of project only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral chapters from her dissertation only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis chapter only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo script with abstract and 2 CVs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes timeline and pictures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV statement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith update to Figure 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith copy containing handwritten note and CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV and emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides with CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished article with presentation abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of New Hampshire thesis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject proposal only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith book abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides and 2 CDs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis with abstract and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41951ed8c891ff37302db7926a2bc4fa\"\u003eThis collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":126,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Photograph tri-folds","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Effinger Street School","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)"],"title_filing_ssi":"Photograph tri-folds","title_ssm":["Photograph tri-folds"],"title_tesim":["Photograph tri-folds"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1893-circa 2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photograph tri-folds"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"names_ssim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Effinger Street School","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)"],"corpname_ssim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School"],"persname_ssim":["Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Toliver, Ruth M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds"],"text":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Photograph tri-folds","\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)","Effinger Street School","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Tri-fold board F"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)","title_ssm":["\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)"],"title_tesim":["\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1945-circa 1959"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/1959"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Schools and Military\" (photographs 61-72)"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":12,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":68,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"names_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Effinger Street School"],"persname_ssim":["Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006"],"containers_ssim":["Tri-fold board F"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_644.xml","title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1875-2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"text":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644","Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers","Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.","The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.","Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.","Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.","A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.","George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.","One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0313","/repositories/4/resources/644"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"creators_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005"],"places_ssim":["Newtown (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated to Special Collections by Ruth and Lowell Toliver in February 2021. Ruth Toliver is George A. Newman's granddaughter. The Tolivers made additional donations in September 2021, October 2021, and January 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American neighborhoods -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Urban renewal -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","African American churches -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- History","Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"extent_tesim":["3.8 cubic feet in 3 boxes and 12 tri-folds"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Photographs","Minutes (administrative records)","Manuscripts (documents)","Ledgers (account books)","Letters (correspondence)","Pamphlets","Speeches (Documents)","Brochures","Church records","Sheet music"],"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNewman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at \u003cextref href=\"https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\" show=\"new\"\u003ehttps://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available","Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript and the individual photographs comprising the twelve tri-folds were digitized per the donor's request. George Newman's speech was also digitized. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request.","Newman's manuscript \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" was published for the first time in 2025 and edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. It is available in printed form or online at  https://pressbooks.lib.jmu.edu/newmanmiserablerevenge/ .","The manuscript was digitized in February-April 2021 and is available upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically with the exception of the Gerald Harris and Wendell Temple papers which are intellectually and physically arranged as sub-groups at the end of the collection.","George Newman's manuscript is housed in one folder and two archival quality binders. The first two manuscript pages are on legal sized paper and were removed to a folder to ensure their physical integrity. Folder 1 includes manuscript pages 1-2. Binder 1 includes manuscript pages 3-140. The first four manuscript pages, approximately, were transcribed at an unknown time and are included in binder 1. Binder 2 includes manuscript pages 141-480. Missing pages are outlined in the Scope and Content note. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order. Each page is individually sleeved with a few exceptions, for example when it was discovered during scanning that two pages were in the same sleeve. In these instances the pages were kept in the same sleeve but repositioned so that both could be viewed."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eToliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Toliver, Ruth M. Keeping Up With Yesterday. Olney, MD: Lowell A. or Ruth M. Toliver, 2009.","Toliver, Ruth M. History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906. Gaithersburg, MD: Signature Books, 1998.","Obituary for Austin G. Harris, Daily News-Record, April 8, 2005."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906\u003c/emph\u003e (1998) and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eKeeping Up With Yesterday\u003c/emph\u003e (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRuby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAustin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026amp;M University and Wilberforce University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth M. Toliver is a retired English teacher, local and family historian, and the author of   History of Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church, Newtown, Harrisonburg, Virginia, 1892-1906  (1998) and  Keeping Up With Yesterday  (2009). She is the daughter of Eugene Murdock and Myrtle Newman Murdock (1901-2000) and the granddaughter of George Ambrose Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. Ruth Toliver inherited many of the family papers that comprise this collection from her cousin Wendell Temple (d. 2005), son of Ruby Newman Temple. She married Lowell Toliver, son of Theodore Tolliver (1902-1967) and Phoebe Harper Tolliver (1906-1982). Lowell Toliver, who was born and raised in Harrisonburg, entered the U. S. Army in January 1953 and it was at this point that the spelling of his last name changed from Tolliver to Toliver.","Born February 4, 1855 in Winchester, Virginia to free Black parents, George Ambrose Newman moved to Harrisonburg in 1875 to serve as principal of the local African American school. Newman learned to read and write at an early age and also pursued his interests in music. He served for 33 years as a teacher and administrator in the city school system—chiefly at the Effinger Street School—and also held teaching positions in Warren County, Augusta County, and West Virginia. Six of Newman's children also pursued teaching and began their careers in Rockingham County. Along with Ulysses G. Wilson, local educator and half-brother of Lucy F. Simms, Newman paid the poll taxes of local Black men in response to disenfranchisement tactics during segregation. In addition to being an influential educator Newman was a minister, musician, a member of the Mt. Zion Lodge of Masons in Staunton, and a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church (variously known as John Wesley Methodist Church and John Wesley M. E. Church) in Harrisonburg. Outside of teaching, Newman took positions as an agent of the Internal Revenue Service and a U.S. Deputy Marshall. ","George A. Newman married Margaret \"Maggie\" Dallard (1859-1887), daughter of Ambrose and Harriett Dallard, in 1877 and together they had four children. After Maggie's death in 1887, George Newman married Maggie's sister, Mary F. Dallard (1869-1968), as was Ghanian tradition. They had ten children. Newman is remembered as a trailblazing member of Harrisonburg's early African American community and a respected educational leader. Per his obituary, Newman had started his 66th reading of the Bible just months prior to his death. Newman passed away on April 6, 1944 at the age of 89.","Ruby Edith Newman (1898-1983) was born in Harrisonburg to George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman. She married Junius Leroy Temple in 1920. Ruby Newman Temple was a member of the John Wesley United Methodist Church and served for many years as the secretary of the church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS). WSCS met monthly at either the church or the home of a society member.","Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) was born in Harrisonburg to Carlotta Newman Harris and Austin St. Clair \"Dick\" Harris. He was the grandson of George A. Newman and Mary Dallard Newman on his mother's side and W. N. P. Harris and Geraldine Robinson Harris on his father's side. Harris attended Lucy F. Simms School and while a student entered a local \"How To Beautify Your City\" contest sponsored by the Spotswood Garden Club's Road Beautification Committee. Due to Harrisonburg and Rockingham County's connection to turkeys, Harris submitted the idea and complementary design for turkey monuments to be placed at the highway approaches to Rockingham County. Harris's submission was selected as the winner and the monuments were subsequently dedicated in December 1955. Harris also attended Banneker Junior High School and Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, DC. After graduation from Roosevelt, Harris matriculated at Howard University where he graduated in 1964. While a student at Howard, Harris was a member of the ROTC. Harris obtained his master's degree from Syracuse University and later worked at Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Syracuse) and Associated Utilities Company (New Jersey).","Wendell Ambrose Temple (1923-2005) was born in Harrisonburg, Virginia to Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983) and Junius Leroy Temple (1898-1937). Locally, he attended Effinger High School and Lucy F. Simms School. He was an accomplished pianist and musician, and described as a child prodigy in the local newspaper. As a youth, Temple won state-wide music contests and performed at Harrisonburg's State Theater. He received his early training almost exclusively by local music instructor Thurston DeMasters. Temple graduated from Oberlin Conservatory of Music and the University of Iowa. He taught at Florida A\u0026M University and Wilberforce University.","George A. Newman, Ruby Newman Temple, and Gerald Harris are all buried in Newtown Cemetery along with many of their immediate and extended family members.","Beyond the Newman family, much of this collection more generally documents Newtown, Harrisonburg's historically African American community located in the northeast section of the city. After Emancipation, this area was settled by formerly enslaved people who began purchasing lots in the Zirkle addition which was farmland located on the northeast edge of town that was newly opened up to residential development. During the 1950s and 1960s, Harrisonburg engaged in urban renewal (Project R4) during which the city identified \"blight\" areas and after acquiring homes and land under eminent domain, sold the property to developers. As a result many Black-owned homes and businesses in the Newtown area were razed, and community members were forced to relocate."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["A portion of the original photographs copied for the tri-folds were provided to the Tolivers by community and family members."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, SC 0313, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAllison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026amp; Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["George Newman's manuscript was digitized per the donor's request in February 2021. The digital scans are available to researchers upon request. Numerous manuscript pages have writing on their verso side (back) though these were not scanned. All of those pages were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","Original description of the photographs created by the donor was largely retained within descriptive elements of the container list (e.g. thematic titles of tri-folds and item-level titles).","Loose programs and handwritten documents were removed from George Newman's notebook documenting the history of the John Wesley M. E. Church and arranged according to material type.","Materials related to Gerald Harris were largely kept in the same topical order in which they were received.","Allison Lyttle, JMU Libraries Music \u0026 Media Metadata Specialist, assisted in identifying, sorting, and describing Wendell Temple's sheet music which was donated in no discernable order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Records, 1892-1905. Accession 37081, Church records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccording to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary: \u003cblockquote\u003e\"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"\u003c/blockquote\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026amp; D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026amp; D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSix minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFour hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaterials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDemetrius, Fred Jr., George\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIndentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncluded are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eQueen for Eastern Star Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePh.D., University of Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrdained United Methodist minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessional athlete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandson Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.","According to Ruth Toliver, George A. Newman's 480-page manuscript titled \"A Miserable Revenge: A story of life in Virginia\" is a work of fiction with autobiographical elements. The manuscript is divided into 40 chapters and begins: \"A finer estate than that of Joshua Sowers could not be found in all Virginia. We will not give the exact date, let it suffice for us to say we begin our story April the first, in a certain part of the nineteenth century. The morning was a clear, beautiful one. We locate the scene of our story in the county of Frederick, a short distance from the then small town of Winchester. The estate was rightly named Brookland, for the land was covered with brooks. Mr. Sowers owned a large mill.\" Newman introduces a character named William G. Reed as the hero of the story who is leaving Brookland for Chicago. While not explicitly discussed in the manuscript, it is presumed that both Sowers and Reed are white men. African American characters include Jack, Joshua Sowers's \"faithful servant;\" Aunt Sally, the Sowers' enslaved cook; and George, a free child who lived with Sowers. Researchers should note that the manuscript contains the use of racial slurs and further, the enslaved African American characters are depicted as speaking in a stereotypical dialect as was common practice in late 19th century American literature. George, on the other hand, \"had learned to read and write and he always spoke very fluently.\" ","The manuscript was published for the first time in 2025 by James Madison University Libraries Press Books and was edited by Mollie Godfrey, Brooks E. Hefner, Jeslyn Poole, and Evan Sizemore. The back cover book blurb provides the following context and summary:  \"In the mid-1870s, a young African American educator arrived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he wrote a novel about antebellum life in the Shenandoah Valley. George A. Newman's A Miserable Revenge: A Story of Life in Virginia appears here in print for the first time, nearly 150 years after its composition. The earliest known example of a 'white life' novel--a Black-authored novel about white protagonists--A Miserable Revenge is set in and around Winchester, Virginia, in the 1840s. It draws on the sensationalist conventions of popular fiction of the time to spin a story of dark secrets, lost relatives, mistaken identities, crime and detection, and romance. In the novel, Newman describes the relationship between free and enslaved Black Virginians, drawing on his experience as a free Black child indentured to a white landowner in Winchester before the Civil War.\"","The manuscript pages are numbered in the same hand as the manuscript (George A. Newman's). The following pages are not extant and are missing from the manuscript entirely: pages 71-72, 76-82, 84, 267, 272-275, 289-291, and 375. Newman's page number for page 331 was torn away and at a later time was numbered as page 332, but contextual clues confirm that it is in fact page 331. The page was marked as such by the archivist and the incorrect page number was also retained. Only two pages are present between pages 346-349, and for both of the extant pages the page numbers are at least partially torn away rendering them illegible and their exact order unclear. The pages were kept in the order in which they were received with the exception of a few instances in which numbered pages were clearly misordered and were reordered by the archivist to reflect the accurate numerical page order.","While the manuscript is undated, writings potentially in Newman's hand and appearing on select verso pages date to 1875 and 1876. Editors of the published version of the manuscript date the document to mid-1870s. The aforementioned writings largely appear to be handwriting exercises or draft correspondence and also include a nine page essay titled \"An Essay on Truth\" which begins on the verso of page 391 continuing through page 409 on the odd page numbers with a few pages skipped. While undated, context clues within the essay, specifically an anecdote regarding New York Senator Roscoe Conkling recently returning from Europe, suggest a date of 1877. Internal evidence suggests that the remarks were likely given by Newman to the local order of the African American fraternal organization Independent Sons and Daughters of Purity, only identified in the essay by the abbreviation \"I. S. \u0026 D. P.\" and \"Sons \u0026 D. of P.\" In this same essay, Newman writes about having to keep his remarks brief due to an upcoming teacher's examination. All of the manuscript pages with writing on their versos were flagged by the archivist with a \"SEE VERSO\" slip of paper.","George Newman's speech \"Observations on the Negro Problem\" primarily concerns education with commentary on industrial education, choice of occupation, and a comparison of education funding for American Indian students vs. African American students. Newman also discusses the topic of African colonization of Black individuals as proposed by \"so-called statesmen and mis-named philanthropists.\" Newman argues \"It is paradoxical to speak of sending him to a place when he is already there. We are to the manor born. This is now our native home....\" Newman recognizes that certain voting laws that require meeting educational and property qualifications are examples of \"adverse legislation,\" but argues that they might be a \"blessing in disguise.\" Newman concludes with a call for an equitably educated citizenry regardless of status. Edits made to the speech suggest that it may have originally been written circa 1902 and presented again in 1913. As such, a date of 1913 is applied to the speech given the contextual clues within despite the document being undated. A draft transcript created by Special Collections staff is filed with the speech.","Twelve cardboard tri-folds compiled by Lowell Toliver include approximately 133 facsimile photographs documenting people and places in Newtown and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood. The photograph descriptions were also compiled by Toliver as was the thematic arrangement of each tri-fold. Family names of people identified in the photographs include Harper, Tolliver/Toliver, Sampson, Yokley, Newman, Bundy, Dallard, Temple, Vickers, Brown, Nickens, and Johnson. Local churches and schools include John Wesley Methodist Church, Bethel AME Church, Effinger Street School, and Simms School. Researchers should note that the surname Toliver is spelled variously as Tolover, Tolliver, etc. in the collection. Lowell Toliver's last name was changed slightly from Tolliver to Toliver when he enlisted in the military.","Six minute books document the financial and administrative functions of the John Wesley Methodist Church's Woman's Society of Christian Service (WSCS) between 1943 and 1976. Ruby Newman Temple served as WSCS's secretary for a period of time and kept monthly minutes for the society. Member lists and membership dues are also documented in the minute books. WSCS meetings typically included prayer, scripture reading, hymn singing, a business report, and a program or a topic of discussion. WSCS engaged in community outreach by providing Christmas baskets for the sick in the community, sending sympathy cards, and making charitable donations. The Ruby Newman Temple correspondence primarily relates to her work with WSCS. ","Other materials related to John Wesley Methodist Church include anniversary programs as well as member lists and a brief church history compiled by George Newman. Printed materials related to the United Methodist Church but not specific to John Wesley Methodist Church are also included. ","Four hand-colored sketches by George A. Newman, son of Frederick Newman (1883-1959) are dated August 28, 1929. ","Materials related to Gerald Harris largely concern his design of the turkey monuments that are located on the highway approaches into Harrisonburg and his schooling and coursework at Lucy F. Simms School, Banneker Junior High School, Theodore Roosevelt Senior High School, and Howard University. Report cards and tuition receipts are included. Of interest is a 1954 letter from A. M. Stitt, Lucy F. Simms School principal, certifying that Harris was vaccinated as well as Harris's polio vaccination card.","Materials created by Wendell Temple primarily comprise original handwritten sheet music for piano. Pieces specifically written for the organ, pianoforte, and violin are also included. The bulk of the sheet music is undated but likely dates to the mid-1930s to late 1940s. The compositions are in various states of completeness and order. Sheet music was written on lined notebook paper, blank pages of voter rolls for the 1928 presidential election, and the back of letterhead for the Castle Hall of Rockingham Star Lodge No. 72 Knights of Pythias and the Democratic Campaign Committee. Additional papers include correspondence from Temple to his mother Ruby Newman Temple and an Effinger High School report card.","Among the guests are Cuetta Howard, Valley Terrell, Hattie Washington, Phoebe Tolliver, and Julia Howard.","Pictured are Marguerite Yokley, Doris Harper, Lois Rouser, Altee Beale, Bessie Goodloe, Louise Winston, Lavinia Temple, Peggy Yokley, Buddy Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Betty Yokley, Clara Bruce, Savilla Vickers, Della Harper, Betty Atkins, Norma Edmonds, Selena Duncan, Eddie Caul, Phoebe Tolliver, Vallie Terrell, [unknown first name] Stitt.","Pictured are all of those in 4. Formal party at Tolliver's as well as Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Yokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, and Henry Rouser.","Included are Robert Harper, Warren Temple, Joe Kokley, Willie Harper, A. Stitt, [unknown first name] Tankins, Norris Atkins, Woodrow Hollins, Theodore Tolliver, Bernice Tolliver, Clarence Gibson, James Strother, Henry Rouser.","Ruth, Myrtle, Mary, Hattie, and Carlotta","Jessie Carter, Lowell Toliver, Bernice Tolliver, Buddy Tolliver, Theodore Tolliver","Included are Ruby, Hattie, Myrtle, and Ruth.","Marguerite and Joe Yokley, Mattie Hollins, Phoebe and Theodore Tolliver, Willie Harper, Savilla Vickers, Martha Hollins, Carl Hollins","Demetrius, Fred Jr., George","Included are A. Stitt, Henry Vickers, Andrew Temple, Elon Rhodes, Buddy Tolliver, Harold Mitchell, and Fleming Jordan.","Included are Ruby Temple, Phoebe Tolliver, Lottie Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Douglass Bowman, Mary Newman, Marian Bowman, Ruth Murdock, Mary Murdock, Savilla Vickers, Dennish Bundy, Gladys Bundy, Arizona Wardy, Johnny Harper, Bud Laird, and Carlotta Newman.","Pictured are Nettie Ray, Lottie Brown, Mary Johnson, Mary Newman, Willie Johnson, Albert Brown, Desmond Johnson, Vivian Redd, Minerva Redd, Lucille Watson, Hattie Watson, Gladys Bundy, Hattie Mitchell, Everett Howard, Fleming Jordan, Louise Winston, and \"Chip\" Johnson.","Included are Jim Guy, Arbutus Sampson, Pauline Carter, Clarence Whitelow, Lowell Toliver, and Frances Scott.","Included are Lucy Simms, Henry Vickers, and Joseph Newman.","Indentifiable are Goldie Francis and Myrtle Newman.","Included are Elon Rhodes, Joe Nickens, Edgar Johnson, Henry Rouser, Everett Howard, Lorenzo Strother, and Alfred Howard.","Included are Ruth Jones, Lois Rouser, Clara Bruce, Betty Yokley, Stitts, \"Duke\" Duncan, Edgar Johnson, Wilhelmina Johnson, Frank Duncan, Peggy Howard, Theodore and Phoebe Tolliver, and Everett Howard.","Included are Willie Harper, Frank Duncan, Willie Bryant, and Theodore Tolliver.","Queen for Eastern Star Organization.","Professional athlete.","Ph.D., University of Iowa.","Ordained United Methodist minister.","Professional athlete.","Lowell Toliver, Justin Banks, Carlton, Banks, Chief Z, and Marc Shifflett.","Transcript included.","Includes a composition notebook with the label \"The property of G. A. Newman, Recording Steward, John Wesley M. E. Church.\" The titled lists include Charter Members of John Wesley M. E. Church Organized October 1865, Deceased Superintendents of John Wesley M. E. Church School, and Partial list of Deceased Members of John Wesley M. E. Church. An untitled list includes member names by street and another just includes member names. These documents appear to be largely in the hand of George A. Newman.","The Vesper Choir of Mother A. M. E. Zion Cathedral [New York] Presents The Sanctuary Choristers program dated April 28, 1968 is inscribed to Ruby [E. Temple] from Lydia [M. Rogers].","\"Dedicated to Rudolph Friml for the inspiration received from his \"Indian Love Call.\"","Includes a lock of hair tied with a red ribbon."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["One copy of the pamphlet Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the John Wesley Methodist Church, Harrisonburg, Virginia, October 20th through 27th, 1940 was removed from the collection and cataloged separately as part of Special Collections' rare book holdings. A second copy remains in the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4bcb0d86958b487646d5b5f8bec1dc4e\"\u003eThe Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ruth and Lowell Toliver Collection of Newman Family Papers, circa 1875-2005, comprises a manuscript, writings, personal papers, facsimile photographs, church records, and correspondence related to George A. Newman (1855-1944), his daughter Ruby Newman Temple (1898-1983), his grandsons Austin Gerald Harris (1941-2005) and Wendell Temple (1923-2005), and Harrisonburg's Northeast Neighborhood and Newtown."],"names_coll_ssim":["Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)","Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.)","John Wesley United Methodist Church (Harrisonburg, Va.). Woman's Society of Christian Service","Effinger Street School","Kelley Street United Brethren in Christ Church (Newtown, Rockingham County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Toliver, Ruth M.","Toliver, Lowell","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Temple, Ruby Edith Newman, 1898-1983","Harris, Austin Gerald, 1941-2005","Temple, Wendell A. (Wendell Ambrose), 1923-2005","Allen, Doris Harper, 1927-2021","Rhodes, Elon W. (Elon Walter), 1922-2006","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Dickerson, Eugene, (Physician)","Friml, Rudolf, 1879-1972"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_644_c02_c06"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"text":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009","The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 .","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in 2008 by Joseph Whitehorne, one of the organizers of SVRSS and a faculty member at Lord Fairfax Community College. Several papers were added after the initial donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1995-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePapers, 1990-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort description of project only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral chapters from her dissertation only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis chapter only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo script with abstract and 2 CVs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes timeline and pictures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV statement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith update to Figure 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith copy containing handwritten note and CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV and emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides with CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished article with presentation abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of New Hampshire thesis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject proposal only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith book abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides and 2 CDs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis with abstract and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41951ed8c891ff37302db7926a2bc4fa\"\u003eThis collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":126,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"text":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009","The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 .","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in 2008 by Joseph Whitehorne, one of the organizers of SVRSS and a faculty member at Lord Fairfax Community College. Several papers were added after the initial donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1995-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePapers, 1990-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort description of project only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral chapters from her dissertation only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis chapter only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo script with abstract and 2 CVs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes timeline and pictures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV statement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith update to Figure 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith copy containing handwritten note and CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV and emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides with CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished article with presentation abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of New Hampshire thesis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject proposal only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith book abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides and 2 CDs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis with abstract and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41951ed8c891ff37302db7926a2bc4fa\"\u003eThis collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":126,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Walter Ghant, \"Colored\" Teachers in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia, 1900-1940: Pedagogy of Service and Learning","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c05"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers"],"text":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers","Walter Ghant, \"Colored\" Teachers in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia, 1900-1940: Pedagogy of Service and Learning","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","box 5","folder 1","With emailed abstract"],"title_filing_ssi":"Walter Ghant, \"Colored\" Teachers in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia, 1900-1940: Pedagogy of Service and Learning","title_ssm":["Walter Ghant, \"Colored\" Teachers in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia, 1900-1940: Pedagogy of Service and Learning"],"title_tesim":["Walter Ghant, \"Colored\" Teachers in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia, 1900-1940: Pedagogy of Service and Learning"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2008 February 15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter Ghant, \"Colored\" Teachers in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia, 1900-1940: Pedagogy of Service and Learning"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"creator_ssim":["Ghant, Walter"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":104,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[2008],"names_ssim":["Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006"],"persname_ssim":["Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006"],"containers_ssim":["box 5","folder 1"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["With emailed abstract"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"text":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009","The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 .","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in 2008 by Joseph Whitehorne, one of the organizers of SVRSS and a faculty member at Lord Fairfax Community College. Several papers were added after the initial donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1995-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePapers, 1990-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort description of project only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral chapters from her dissertation only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis chapter only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo script with abstract and 2 CVs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes timeline and pictures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV statement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith update to Figure 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith copy containing handwritten note and CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV and emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides with CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished article with presentation abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of New Hampshire thesis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject proposal only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith book abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides and 2 CDs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis with abstract and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41951ed8c891ff37302db7926a2bc4fa\"\u003eThis collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. 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Harter Collection of \"Undocumented Deeds: An Exhibit on the History of Harrisonburg's African-American Community from 1930-1985\"","value":"Dale F. 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