{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Lloyd%2C+Vicki","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Lloyd%2C+Vicki\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_593#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_593#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_593#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_593.xml","title_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593"],"text":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593","African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories","Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open to research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Reed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978.","Dr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992.","Recorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Collection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018.","The African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","Supplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026 hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creator_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creators_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection was donated on June 4, 1991 by Dr. Inez Ramsey."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.46 cubic feet 7 folders, 15 audiocassettes, 15 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.46 cubic feet 7 folders, 15 audiocassettes, 15 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open to research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eReed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Reed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview"],"odd_tesim":["Recorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, SdArch 0005, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, SdArch 0005, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026amp; hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","Supplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026 hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5e4cc2762f8096ae5d44c5fcee1d2e32\"\u003eAfrican Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University."],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)"],"persname_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_593.xml","title_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593"],"text":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593","African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories","Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open to research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Reed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978.","Dr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992.","Recorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Collection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018.","The African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","Supplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026 hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. 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Simms School (Public school)","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creator_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creators_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection was donated on June 4, 1991 by Dr. Inez Ramsey."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.46 cubic feet 7 folders, 15 audiocassettes, 15 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.46 cubic feet 7 folders, 15 audiocassettes, 15 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open to research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eReed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Reed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview"],"odd_tesim":["Recorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, SdArch 0005, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, SdArch 0005, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. 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Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026amp; hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","Supplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026 hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5e4cc2762f8096ae5d44c5fcee1d2e32\"\u003eAfrican Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University."],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)"],"persname_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_593"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Willie Nickens interviewed by Inez Ramsey and Vicki Lloyd","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_593_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_593_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_593_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_593"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_593"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"text":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories","Willie Nickens interviewed by Inez Ramsey and Vicki Lloyd","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Lloyd, Vicki","Staropoli, Theresa","Zenda (Rockingham County, Va.)","Oral history is open for research.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"title_filing_ssi":"Willie Nickens interviewed by Inez Ramsey and Vicki Lloyd","title_ssm":["Willie Nickens interviewed by Inez Ramsey and Vicki Lloyd"],"title_tesim":["Willie Nickens interviewed by Inez Ramsey and Vicki Lloyd"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978 July 17, 20, 24 and 1979 February 14"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978/1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Willie Nickens interviewed by Inez Ramsey and Vicki Lloyd"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"creator_ssim":["Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Lloyd, Vicki","Staropoli, Theresa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979],"names_ssim":["Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Lloyd, Vicki","Staropoli, Theresa"],"persname_ssim":["Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Lloyd, Vicki","Staropoli, Theresa"],"geogname_ssim":["Zenda (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Zenda (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Zenda (Rockingham County, Va.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Oral history is open for research."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Location of Interview"],"odd_tesim":["The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_593.xml","title_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593"],"text":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593","African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories","Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open to research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Reed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978.","Dr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992.","Recorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Collection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018.","The African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","Supplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026 hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. Simms School (Public school)","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025","Curry, Peggy Ann Harris, 1929-2009","Hollins, Eugene \"Ickey\"","Staropoli, Theresa","Nickens, Virginia \"Willie\" Rouser, 1895-1985","Lloyd, Vicki","Stuart, Minnie Bell, 1894-1983","McCormick, Brenda","Wells, Helen Lucille Irvin, 1898-1996","Hobson, Carolyn","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Bemisderfer, Vicki","Curry, James Alfred \"Billy\", 1927-1998","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0005","/repositories/4/resources/593"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creator_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"creators_ssim":["Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection was donated on June 4, 1991 by Dr. Inez Ramsey."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.46 cubic feet 7 folders, 15 audiocassettes, 15 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.46 cubic feet 7 folders, 15 audiocassettes, 15 cds"],"date_range_isim":[1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to the Oral Histories is governed by agreements with the narrators. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open to research.","Oral history is open for research.","Oral history is open for research."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eReed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Reed, Gary. \"Workshop seeks to preserve local black heritage.\" The Breeze, August 2, 1978."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. Inez Ramsay was a librarian and professor of  JMU from 1975 until her retirement in 1998. In 1978, Ramsay served as the project director for the summer workshop, \"Oral Tradition and Storytelling in the Black Community of Harrisonburg,\" in which she worked with six JMU students to conduct interviews that would \"reconstruct the kind of lives black people in Harrisonburg have lived over the years.\" Legal releases from interviewees were obtained in 1991 and 1992."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview","Location of Interview"],"odd_tesim":["Recorded at the home of Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of Willie Nickens in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Minnie Bell Stuart in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The Virginia Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The home of James Curry's son in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, SdArch 0005, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, SdArch 0005, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection was cataloged at the item level in 1993; the descriptive metadata was compiled into a Finding Aid format in 2019. Cassette tapes were transferred to MAMA-R 700MB gold cd-r using Tascam cc-222 mkII; 618mb. Audio recordings were digitized by Kirsten Mlodynia, Digital Project Specialist at JMU Libraries in July 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSupplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026amp; hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.","Supplemental information includes list of persons buried in \"Newtown Cemetery,\" the \"colored cemetery\" located on Kelly and Hill Streets, Harrisonburg, Va; \"Roll of colored voters in Rockingham in the early 1900's,\" researched by Johnny Dove; 2 pages from the \"History of the Augusta Street Methodist Church.\" Newspaper articles include: \"Earl Johnson,\" from AFRO Magazine, Nov. 21, 1953, \"R.E. Johnson dies; former Olympian\" (Harrisonburg, Va. Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Mr. Harris has 93rd birthday,\" retired principal of Lucy Simms School (H'burg Daily News-Record (?), n.d.); \"Simms School,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Aug. 22, 1978); \"Despite segregation law, 'people were kind',\" by Chris Simmons (H'burg Daily News-Record, Thurs., July 3, 1980); \"Roberta Webb, a Valley treasure: black educator lived her religion,\" (H'burg Daily News-Record, Tues., Feb. 7, 1995).  Photographs and negatives of Miss Lucy Simms and school children.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Peggy Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., wife of James Curry. Describes childhood including education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), busing of black children from surrounding areas including Elkton, McGaheysville, Grottoes to Harrisonburg), teachers, special days at school, black basketball team; Madison College (May Day); home remedies; segregation (swimming); and the free black community at Zenda. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Peggy Curry, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 22, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Virginia \"Willie\" Josephine Nickens (b. 1895) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher and maid for twenty years at Madison College. Describes childhood incl. experiences driving cattle thru town for Siebert family; \"switching\" (discipline); riding horses, downtown stable, local race track; roller skating, double decker sleds; bear and snake stories, fortune telling by Bob Rawls, the half-breed Indian blacksmith; heating with pot bellied stoves, lighting by kerosene lamps; early education (Effinger, Lucy Simms schools -- knew about Tin Cup Alley school, teachers Fannie Wilson, L. Simms and brother), training at Hampton Institute and meeting President Taft; cooking (quince honey, apple butter); gardening; home remedies; Madison College (Newman farms, first men on campus, soldiers, three sorority houses at Fine Arts bldg. where she was maid); stories of Indians in Bath County where her mother was born, also in Rockingham County (dug a tunnel from Hilltop to spring at Court Square in Harrisonburg); Red Hill and Zenda; churches (AME church and the missionary from Africa, John Wesley Methodist Church, Rev. Ronald Colley); Court days; various town personalities and black businesses (barber shops, black restaurant owner, first black policeman, Joseph Williams, the Olympian, R. Earl Johnson); her family (incl. story of her mother, born into slavery -- father the master, later escaped and caught), her children; mixed race families, voting privileges; and relations between blacks and whites over the years. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Willie Nickens, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 17, 20, 24, 1978 and Feb. 14, 1979. Tapes for four interviews. Note that some tapes contain blank sides: 5-3f (side 2 of tape 3); 5-3h (side 2 of tape 4); 5-3i (side 1 of tape 5)","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart (b. 1894) of Harrisonburg, Va., known as Miss Minnie. Describes her childhood living in the black community of Depot Hill and Tin Cup Alley; importance of church in life as a preacher's kid, her grandmother teaching Sunday school to both black and white children from Effinger Street, founding of the AME Church (preacher from Africa, Rev. Marion Gioper, also Rev. Collings); daily life fetching water at the Spring House, using Black's Run as a community gathering place, picking wood from railroad tracks; black businesses (lady who owned a second-hand store, fishmonger who sold fish from Baltimore), other downtown buildings/businesses; courting practices; clothes people/boys wore; home remedies (dandelion wine); people and Asbury Methodist Church she worked for as a cleaning maid; and information about her family and children. Recorded at the home of Mrs. Minnie Bell Stuart, Harrisonburg, Va. in July of 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells (b. 1898) of Harrisonburg, Va., school teacher at Grottoes, Elkton and Bridgewater Elementary schools and cook at Madison College for fifteen years. Describes her childhood incl. holiday observances (Easter, Christmas); games, ghost stories told by the half-breed Indian, making dolls \u0026 hats from corn husks, honeysuckle baskets; education (Effinger School, recollections of L. Simms, her brother, the poet U.G. Wilson, spelling contests, school schedule based on farming seasons), and later education at Va. State College); histories of local Methodist churches (circuit preachers John Wesley, Mr. Otterbein), gardening, canning, recipes (scripture cake); making quilts, hook rugs, and tatting (making lace). Recorded at the home of Mrs. Helen Irvin Wells, Harrisonburg, Va. on July 18, 1978 (?).  Includes 4-leaf paper contains recollections of the well known teacher, Lucy Simms, the names of local black Civil War veterans, and a list of prominent black leaders within the community. Note that the paper indicates three dates (July 18-20, 1978).","Records the reminiscences of Mrs. Roberta Morgan Webb (b. 1889), a teacher for many years in the Harrisonburg, Va. area. Born in Raleigh, N.C., she spent her formative years with the Middleditches, a white family. Describes childhood (games, farming, holidays); education in integrated schools in Pa. and N.J. (ex. Ridley and Westfield, N.J.), graduation at Hampton College, teaching with L. Simms, Effinger School; home remedies; R. Earl Johnson; her family and children; and relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the Va. Mennonite Nursing Home in Harrisonburg, Va. on July 20, 1978.","Records the reminiscences of Mr. James Curry of Harrisonburg, Va., custodian of Spotswood Elementary School and first black deacon of the Mennonite Church in Va. Describes childhood including life on the farm, discipline of children, education (Effinger and Lucy Simms schools), childhood games; his family; black churches including the Broad Street Mennonite Church, Pleasant Hill AME Church; black communities (Port Republic, Bridgewater, Red Hill in Harrisonburg); black businesses (carpenter shop, taxi business, the candy man/Dixie Williams' Store), professional teachers (Lucy Simms, Jeannie Francis) and doctors (Dr. Dickerson and the flu epidemic); home remedies; Madison College as a women's school; Harrisonburg as a small town (ex. watching horses being driven thru town, brick/cobblestone streets); reminiscences of WWI (changing of German St. to Liberty St.) and WW II (rationing, black soldiers); and general relations between blacks and whites. Recorded at the home of Mr. James Curry's son, Harrisonburg, Va. on Aug. 2, 1978."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","Copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5e4cc2762f8096ae5d44c5fcee1d2e32\"\u003eAfrican Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["African Americans in Harrisonburg Oral Histories, 1978-1979, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, photographs and background research of interviews with black residents of Harrisonburg, conducted by students under the supervision of Inez L. Ramsey, Professor of Library Science and Secondary Education at James Madison University."],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger Street School","Ramsey, Inez Linn, 1938-2025"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Effinger Street School","Lucy F. 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