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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Each daybook is bound and housed in two oversize boxes.","Wayland, John Walter.  Men of mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia; portraits and biographies of men and women . Staunton, VA: McClure Co., 1943.","Wayland, John Walter.  A history of Rockingham County, Virginia . Dayton, VA: Ruebush-Elkins Co., 1912.","Samuel Shacklett was born in 1804, probably in Fauquier County, Virginia. By 1838 he had become a very successful businessman in Harrisonburg and in that year was elected a trustee of the city. He lived upstairs in a large brick house on the northeast corner of Court Square, with his store below in a space that would later be occupied by Fletcher drugstore. 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Men of mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia; portraits and biographies of men and women . Staunton, VA: McClure Co., 1943.","Wayland, John Walter.  A history of Rockingham County, Virginia . Dayton, VA: Ruebush-Elkins Co., 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Shacklett was born in 1804, probably in Fauquier County, Virginia. By 1838 he had become a very successful businessman in Harrisonburg and in that year was elected a trustee of the city. He lived upstairs in a large brick house on the northeast corner of Court Square, with his store below in a space that would later be occupied by Fletcher drugstore. He also owned a frame building on Main Street, the lower floor of which he used as a wareroom; the upper story was called Shacklett's Hall and was used for church services by Old School Baptist and Episcopalian congregations. In 1860 Shacklett was named a commissioner of the Harrisonburg Savings Bank by an Act of Assembly. 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Men of mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia; portraits and biographies of men and women . Staunton, VA: McClure Co., 1943.","Wayland, John Walter.  A history of Rockingham County, Virginia . Dayton, VA: Ruebush-Elkins Co., 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Shacklett was born in 1804, probably in Fauquier County, Virginia. By 1838 he had become a very successful businessman in Harrisonburg and in that year was elected a trustee of the city. He lived upstairs in a large brick house on the northeast corner of Court Square, with his store below in a space that would later be occupied by Fletcher drugstore. He also owned a frame building on Main Street, the lower floor of which he used as a wareroom; the upper story was called Shacklett's Hall and was used for church services by Old School Baptist and Episcopalian congregations. In 1860 Shacklett was named a commissioner of the Harrisonburg Savings Bank by an Act of Assembly. 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Beam (1870-1944) was a resident of Timberville in Rockingham County for the bulk of his life. In addition to being postmaster for Tenth Legion, Beam had other occupations. According to census and other vital records, Beam was a salesman, teacher, and carpenter at various points in his life."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Tenth Legion postmaster's account and record book, 1898-1901, SC 0422, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Tenth Legion postmaster's account and record book, 1898-1901, SC 0422, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePostmaster's account and record book for Tenth Legion, Virginia kept by postmaster Samuel Y. Beam. The account book tracks daily transactions; quarterly postal accounts; inventory of stamps, cards, and envelopes; and special delivery accounts. The account book is approximately half full.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Postmaster's account and record book for Tenth Legion, Virginia kept by postmaster Samuel Y. Beam. The account book tracks daily transactions; quarterly postal accounts; inventory of stamps, cards, and envelopes; and special delivery accounts. The account book is approximately half full."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Beam."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Beam, Samuel Y., 1870-1944"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Beam, Samuel Y., 1870-1944"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:17:52.266Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_805"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Virginia Theatre playbills","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_738#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_738#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, weekly schedules, and signage from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_738#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_738.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Theatre playbills"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Theatre playbills"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0366","/repositories/4/resources/738"],"text":["SC 0366","/repositories/4/resources/738","Virginia Theatre playbills","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Theater -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Theater programs -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Amusements -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Minstrels -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Playbills","Photographs","Playbills -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre (variously New Virginia Theatre) opened to the public in January 1914. Located on S. Main St., the Virginia Theatre hosted live performances including minstrels, theatrical revues, musical shows, and eventually movies. It was open under various management until it was demolished in 1990.","From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.","Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, minstrels, follies, musical comedies, and plays as well as weekly programming schedules and two identical signs from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.","The playbills feature advertisements from local businesses including Friddle's Restaurant, Joseph Ney \u0026 Sons Company, The Dean Studio, The Kavanaugh, W.L. Figgatt, Harrisonburg, Grocery Company, Denton's, Rockingham Milling Company, Yager's Shoe Store, Valley Blox, Wetsel Seed Co., and others.","The Follies of 1952 playbill includes eight original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.","Presented by Harrisonburg Lodge No. 450 B.P.O.E. and described as \"Everything from ragtime to grand opera.\"","Also titled \"The Elks Revue of 1928.\"","Includes original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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It was open under various management until it was demolished in 1990."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1952, SC 0366, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1952, SC 0366, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, minstrels, follies, musical comedies, and plays as well as weekly programming schedules and two identical signs from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe playbills feature advertisements from local businesses including Friddle's Restaurant, Joseph Ney \u0026amp; Sons Company, The Dean Studio, The Kavanaugh, W.L. Figgatt, Harrisonburg, Grocery Company, Denton's, Rockingham Milling Company, Yager's Shoe Store, Valley Blox, Wetsel Seed Co., and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Follies of 1952 playbill includes eight original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresented by Harrisonburg Lodge No. 450 B.P.O.E. and described as \"Everything from ragtime to grand opera.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso titled \"The Elks Revue of 1928.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, minstrels, follies, musical comedies, and plays as well as weekly programming schedules and two identical signs from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.","The playbills feature advertisements from local businesses including Friddle's Restaurant, Joseph Ney \u0026 Sons Company, The Dean Studio, The Kavanaugh, W.L. Figgatt, Harrisonburg, Grocery Company, Denton's, Rockingham Milling Company, Yager's Shoe Store, Valley Blox, Wetsel Seed Co., and others.","The Follies of 1952 playbill includes eight original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.","Presented by Harrisonburg Lodge No. 450 B.P.O.E. and described as \"Everything from ragtime to grand opera.\"","Also titled \"The Elks Revue of 1928.\"","Includes original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b0c4198525244b092b788ec5d3eab9cc\"\u003eComprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, weekly schedules, and signage from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, weekly schedules, and signage from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","W. E. Friddle's Restaurant","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","New Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","W. E. Friddle's Restaurant","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","New Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","W. E. Friddle's Restaurant"],"persname_ssim":["Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:51.369Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_738","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_738.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Theatre playbills"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Theatre playbills"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0366","/repositories/4/resources/738"],"text":["SC 0366","/repositories/4/resources/738","Virginia Theatre playbills","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Theater -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Theater programs -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Amusements -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Minstrels -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Playbills","Photographs","Playbills -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- 20th century","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre (variously New Virginia Theatre) opened to the public in January 1914. Located on S. Main St., the Virginia Theatre hosted live performances including minstrels, theatrical revues, musical shows, and eventually movies. It was open under various management until it was demolished in 1990.","From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.","Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, minstrels, follies, musical comedies, and plays as well as weekly programming schedules and two identical signs from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.","The playbills feature advertisements from local businesses including Friddle's Restaurant, Joseph Ney \u0026 Sons Company, The Dean Studio, The Kavanaugh, W.L. Figgatt, Harrisonburg, Grocery Company, Denton's, Rockingham Milling Company, Yager's Shoe Store, Valley Blox, Wetsel Seed Co., and others.","The Follies of 1952 playbill includes eight original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.","Presented by Harrisonburg Lodge No. 450 B.P.O.E. and described as \"Everything from ragtime to grand opera.\"","Also titled \"The Elks Revue of 1928.\"","Includes original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg's Virginia Theatre (variously New Virginia Theatre) opened to the public in January 1914. Located on S. Main St., the Virginia Theatre hosted live performances including minstrels, theatrical revues, musical shows, and eventually movies. 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It was open under various management until it was demolished in 1990."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1952, SC 0366, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1952, SC 0366, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Theatre and New Virginia Theatre Playbills, 1914-1924, SC 0080, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, minstrels, follies, musical comedies, and plays as well as weekly programming schedules and two identical signs from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe playbills feature advertisements from local businesses including Friddle's Restaurant, Joseph Ney \u0026amp; Sons Company, The Dean Studio, The Kavanaugh, W.L. Figgatt, Harrisonburg, Grocery Company, Denton's, Rockingham Milling Company, Yager's Shoe Store, Valley Blox, Wetsel Seed Co., and others.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Follies of 1952 playbill includes eight original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePresented by Harrisonburg Lodge No. 450 B.P.O.E. and described as \"Everything from ragtime to grand opera.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso titled \"The Elks Revue of 1928.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, minstrels, follies, musical comedies, and plays as well as weekly programming schedules and two identical signs from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.","The playbills feature advertisements from local businesses including Friddle's Restaurant, Joseph Ney \u0026 Sons Company, The Dean Studio, The Kavanaugh, W.L. Figgatt, Harrisonburg, Grocery Company, Denton's, Rockingham Milling Company, Yager's Shoe Store, Valley Blox, Wetsel Seed Co., and others.","The Follies of 1952 playbill includes eight original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected.","Presented by Harrisonburg Lodge No. 450 B.P.O.E. and described as \"Everything from ragtime to grand opera.\"","Also titled \"The Elks Revue of 1928.\"","Includes original portrait photographs of local women from whom the Follies Queen of 1952 was selected."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b0c4198525244b092b788ec5d3eab9cc\"\u003eComprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, weekly schedules, and signage from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Comprises playbills and programs for theatrical and musical performances, weekly schedules, and signage from Harrisonburg's Virginia Theatre."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","W. E. Friddle's Restaurant","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","New Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","W. E. Friddle's Restaurant","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","New Virginia Theatre (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","W. E. Friddle's Restaurant"],"persname_ssim":["Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:51.369Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_738"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_736#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ebel, Walter M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_736#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_736#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_736.xml","title_ssm":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"title_tesim":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910 April 15"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1910 April 15"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0364","/repositories/4/resources/736"],"text":["SC 0364","/repositories/4/resources/736","Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Jewelry trade -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.","One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly, located at the McCreery Hotel in Hinton, West Virginia, $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket. Context clues within the letter (mention of contracts, canceling engagements, opening at the theatre) suggest that Ebel is part of an entertainment group that is performing at Harrisonburg's Palace Theatre. The letter is written on Harrisonburg Daily Times letterhead but Ebel requests further correspondence be addressed to him in care of the Palace Theatre.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0364","/repositories/4/resources/736"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"collection_ssim":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"creator_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at Green Valley Auctions December 5th, 2023 sale of the Doug Bowman Estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jewelry trade -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jewelry trade -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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Kelly, 1910 April 15, SC 0364, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walter M. Ebel Letter to A. E. Kelly, 1910 April 15, SC 0364, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly, located at the McCreery Hotel in Hinton, West Virginia, $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket. Context clues within the letter (mention of contracts, canceling engagements, opening at the theatre) suggest that Ebel is part of an entertainment group that is performing at Harrisonburg's Palace Theatre. The letter is written on Harrisonburg Daily Times letterhead but Ebel requests further correspondence be addressed to him in care of the Palace Theatre.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly, located at the McCreery Hotel in Hinton, West Virginia, $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket. Context clues within the letter (mention of contracts, canceling engagements, opening at the theatre) suggest that Ebel is part of an entertainment group that is performing at Harrisonburg's Palace Theatre. The letter is written on Harrisonburg Daily Times letterhead but Ebel requests further correspondence be addressed to him in care of the Palace Theatre."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_588109a26e591a3fd8af3ae8d11ca2b6\"\u003eOne typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:20.538Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_736","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_736.xml","title_ssm":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"title_tesim":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910 April 15"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1910 April 15"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0364","/repositories/4/resources/736"],"text":["SC 0364","/repositories/4/resources/736","Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Jewelry trade -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.","One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly, located at the McCreery Hotel in Hinton, West Virginia, $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket. Context clues within the letter (mention of contracts, canceling engagements, opening at the theatre) suggest that Ebel is part of an entertainment group that is performing at Harrisonburg's Palace Theatre. The letter is written on Harrisonburg Daily Times letterhead but Ebel requests further correspondence be addressed to him in care of the Palace Theatre.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0364","/repositories/4/resources/736"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"collection_ssim":["Walter M. Ebel letter to A. E. Kelly"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"creator_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrom the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["From the estate of Doug Bowman, local collector of Harrisonburg memorabilia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walter M. Ebel Letter to A. E. Kelly, 1910 April 15, SC 0364, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walter M. Ebel Letter to A. E. Kelly, 1910 April 15, SC 0364, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly, located at the McCreery Hotel in Hinton, West Virginia, $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket. Context clues within the letter (mention of contracts, canceling engagements, opening at the theatre) suggest that Ebel is part of an entertainment group that is performing at Harrisonburg's Palace Theatre. The letter is written on Harrisonburg Daily Times letterhead but Ebel requests further correspondence be addressed to him in care of the Palace Theatre.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly, located at the McCreery Hotel in Hinton, West Virginia, $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket. Context clues within the letter (mention of contracts, canceling engagements, opening at the theatre) suggest that Ebel is part of an entertainment group that is performing at Harrisonburg's Palace Theatre. The letter is written on Harrisonburg Daily Times letterhead but Ebel requests further correspondence be addressed to him in care of the Palace Theatre."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_588109a26e591a3fd8af3ae8d11ca2b6\"\u003eOne typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["One typed letter dated 1910 April 15 regarding a recent sickness with Walter M. Ebel's wife which prevented Ebel from sending A. E. Kelly $15 towards a watch, chain, and locket."],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Ebel, Walter M.","Kelly, A.E.","Bowman, Douglas, 1948-2023"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:20.538Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_736"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_277#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_277#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Contains 36 B\u0026amp;W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_277#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_277.xml","title_ssm":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-1931"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0130","/repositories/4/resources/277"],"text":["SC 0130","/repositories/4/resources/277","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs","Logging -- Virginia","Logging -- West Virginia","Logging -- North Carolina ","Bark peeling -- Virginia","Bark peeling -- West Virginia","Bark peeling -- North Carolina ","Lumbering -- Virginia","Lumbering -- West Virginia","Lumbering -- North Carolina ","Forests and forestry -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- West Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- North Carolina  -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Photographs","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All photographs have been digitized and are available online via  JSTOR .","The photographs are housed in one folder.","The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company was incorporated in 1898 by William Luke and sons. Through the twentieth century it grew into a multinational wood products corporation and changed its name to Westvaco. At the end of the twentieth century it became MeadWestvaco.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3037.","Of the 36 black-and-white photographs in this collection, 25 carry identification on the back that specifies locations in North Carolina (Moravian Falls, Crutchfield, Sanford) and Virginia (Newcastle, Fort Union, Naruna, Rhoadesville, Gordonsville, Burkeville), dates the photos from 1927 to 1931, and explains the techniques of cutting, peeling, and axing out knots of poplar and pine trees for pulpwood that are demonstrated in the photos. In a few cases the comments on the back criticize poor practices, indicating that the photos may have been intended for training purposes. \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, PA\" is stamped on some photos; on the return address of the envelope in which the photos were housed, however, \"Tyrone\" has been crossed out and \"Covington, VA\" written in. Nine photos show African American workers; two show very young workers.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): May pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it east to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it easy to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. (next sentence crossed out) The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa. (handwritten) Why work all stooped over? It is usually possible to cross trees well off the ground.","Text on photo (typed): They say, \"Well trimmed is half peeled.\" It is true that much of the discouragement in peeling comes from tools striking knots or limbs that should have been chopped off close to the body of the tree. In fact, the trimmer should strike in with his axe just below the junction of limb and tree, leaving no projecting snags to catch the peeling tool. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Whether bark is on a smooth surface, or encased around a knot, it makes dirt in the paper if allowed to remain on pulpwood. It pays to put the wood in first-class shape as the trees are cut, rather than later on, when the knots are dried hard and the bark tight. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): Max Fleischer job. Gordonsville, Va. 11 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): One of Wm Allen's men with \"stripped pine\" near Burkeville, Va., 8 June '31.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): On W. C. Newman [illegible] job, near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sep. '28. Small trees left for cutting later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Stump peeled and then cut high enough to interfere with hauling. J. H. Clarke's place near Naruna, Va. 20 March, 1928.","Text on photo (handwritten): Peterson \u0026 Black Fork Union, Va. 10 June '31.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Many pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper, Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Sticks that must be split will yield most readily to an outfit made up of a ten-pound splitting hammer and three or four iron wedges. If there is much splitting to be done, about $3 invested in the right sort of tools should be well worth while. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co. Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel large poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.","Text on photo (handwritten): R. E. Farmer pine Crutchfield, N. C. 19 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Moravian Falls, N. C. 22 Apr. '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): J. W. Gilliam job near Sanford, N. C. 26 Apr. '29.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Contains 36 B\u0026W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0130","/repositories/4/resources/277"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Green Valley Auctions, Inc. in March 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Logging -- Virginia","Logging -- West Virginia","Logging -- North Carolina ","Bark peeling -- Virginia","Bark peeling -- West Virginia","Bark peeling -- North Carolina ","Lumbering -- Virginia","Lumbering -- West Virginia","Lumbering -- North Carolina ","Forests and forestry -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- West Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- North Carolina  -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Logging -- Virginia","Logging -- West Virginia","Logging -- North Carolina ","Bark peeling -- Virginia","Bark peeling -- West Virginia","Bark peeling -- North Carolina ","Lumbering -- Virginia","Lumbering -- West Virginia","Lumbering -- North Carolina ","Forests and forestry -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- West Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- North Carolina  -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll photographs have been digitized and are available online via \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://www.jstor.org/site/jamesmadisonuniversity/jamesmadisonuniversitywestvirginiapulpandpapercompanyloggingphotographs/\"\u003eJSTOR\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["All photographs have been digitized and are available online via  JSTOR ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs are housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The photographs are housed in one folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company was incorporated in 1898 by William Luke and sons. Through the twentieth century it grew into a multinational wood products corporation and changed its name to Westvaco. At the end of the twentieth century it became MeadWestvaco.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company was incorporated in 1898 by William Luke and sons. Through the twentieth century it grew into a multinational wood products corporation and changed its name to Westvaco. At the end of the twentieth century it became MeadWestvaco."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs, 1927-1931, SC 0130, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA. 22807\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs, 1927-1931, SC 0130, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA. 22807"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3037.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3037."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOf the 36 black-and-white photographs in this collection, 25 carry identification on the back that specifies locations in North Carolina (Moravian Falls, Crutchfield, Sanford) and Virginia (Newcastle, Fort Union, Naruna, Rhoadesville, Gordonsville, Burkeville), dates the photos from 1927 to 1931, and explains the techniques of cutting, peeling, and axing out knots of poplar and pine trees for pulpwood that are demonstrated in the photos. In a few cases the comments on the back criticize poor practices, indicating that the photos may have been intended for training purposes. \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, PA\" is stamped on some photos; on the return address of the envelope in which the photos were housed, however, \"Tyrone\" has been crossed out and \"Covington, VA\" written in. Nine photos show African American workers; two show very young workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): May pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it east to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it easy to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. (next sentence crossed out) The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa. (handwritten) Why work all stooped over? It is usually possible to cross trees well off the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): They say, \"Well trimmed is half peeled.\" It is true that much of the discouragement in peeling comes from tools striking knots or limbs that should have been chopped off close to the body of the tree. In fact, the trimmer should strike in with his axe just below the junction of limb and tree, leaving no projecting snags to catch the peeling tool. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Whether bark is on a smooth surface, or encased around a knot, it makes dirt in the paper if allowed to remain on pulpwood. It pays to put the wood in first-class shape as the trees are cut, rather than later on, when the knots are dried hard and the bark tight. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Max Fleischer job. Gordonsville, Va. 11 July '27.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): One of Wm Allen's men with \"stripped pine\" near Burkeville, Va., 8 June '31.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): On W. C. Newman [illegible] job, near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sep. '28. Small trees left for cutting later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Stump peeled and then cut high enough to interfere with hauling. J. H. Clarke's place near Naruna, Va. 20 March, 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Peterson \u0026amp; Black Fork Union, Va. 10 June '31.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Many pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper, Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Sticks that must be split will yield most readily to an outfit made up of a ten-pound splitting hammer and three or four iron wedges. If there is much splitting to be done, about $3 invested in the right sort of tools should be well worth while. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co. Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): A good way to peel large poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): A good way to peel poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): R. E. Farmer pine Crutchfield, N. C. 19 July '27.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Near Moravian Falls, N. C. 22 Apr. '27.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): J. W. Gilliam job near Sanford, N. C. 26 Apr. '29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Of the 36 black-and-white photographs in this collection, 25 carry identification on the back that specifies locations in North Carolina (Moravian Falls, Crutchfield, Sanford) and Virginia (Newcastle, Fort Union, Naruna, Rhoadesville, Gordonsville, Burkeville), dates the photos from 1927 to 1931, and explains the techniques of cutting, peeling, and axing out knots of poplar and pine trees for pulpwood that are demonstrated in the photos. In a few cases the comments on the back criticize poor practices, indicating that the photos may have been intended for training purposes. \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, PA\" is stamped on some photos; on the return address of the envelope in which the photos were housed, however, \"Tyrone\" has been crossed out and \"Covington, VA\" written in. Nine photos show African American workers; two show very young workers.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): May pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it east to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it easy to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. (next sentence crossed out) The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa. (handwritten) Why work all stooped over? It is usually possible to cross trees well off the ground.","Text on photo (typed): They say, \"Well trimmed is half peeled.\" It is true that much of the discouragement in peeling comes from tools striking knots or limbs that should have been chopped off close to the body of the tree. In fact, the trimmer should strike in with his axe just below the junction of limb and tree, leaving no projecting snags to catch the peeling tool. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Whether bark is on a smooth surface, or encased around a knot, it makes dirt in the paper if allowed to remain on pulpwood. It pays to put the wood in first-class shape as the trees are cut, rather than later on, when the knots are dried hard and the bark tight. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): Max Fleischer job. Gordonsville, Va. 11 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): One of Wm Allen's men with \"stripped pine\" near Burkeville, Va., 8 June '31.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): On W. C. Newman [illegible] job, near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sep. '28. Small trees left for cutting later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Stump peeled and then cut high enough to interfere with hauling. J. H. Clarke's place near Naruna, Va. 20 March, 1928.","Text on photo (handwritten): Peterson \u0026 Black Fork Union, Va. 10 June '31.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Many pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper, Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Sticks that must be split will yield most readily to an outfit made up of a ten-pound splitting hammer and three or four iron wedges. If there is much splitting to be done, about $3 invested in the right sort of tools should be well worth while. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co. Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel large poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.","Text on photo (handwritten): R. E. Farmer pine Crutchfield, N. C. 19 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Moravian Falls, N. C. 22 Apr. '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): J. W. Gilliam job near Sanford, N. C. 26 Apr. '29.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5884a89deb59186c9af7317d327e8d3d\"\u003eContains 36 B\u0026amp;W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains 36 B\u0026W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:20.538Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_277","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_277.xml","title_ssm":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"title_tesim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-1931"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0130","/repositories/4/resources/277"],"text":["SC 0130","/repositories/4/resources/277","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs","Logging -- Virginia","Logging -- West Virginia","Logging -- North Carolina ","Bark peeling -- Virginia","Bark peeling -- West Virginia","Bark peeling -- North Carolina ","Lumbering -- Virginia","Lumbering -- West Virginia","Lumbering -- North Carolina ","Forests and forestry -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- West Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- North Carolina  -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Photographs","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","All photographs have been digitized and are available online via  JSTOR .","The photographs are housed in one folder.","The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company was incorporated in 1898 by William Luke and sons. Through the twentieth century it grew into a multinational wood products corporation and changed its name to Westvaco. At the end of the twentieth century it became MeadWestvaco.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3037.","Of the 36 black-and-white photographs in this collection, 25 carry identification on the back that specifies locations in North Carolina (Moravian Falls, Crutchfield, Sanford) and Virginia (Newcastle, Fort Union, Naruna, Rhoadesville, Gordonsville, Burkeville), dates the photos from 1927 to 1931, and explains the techniques of cutting, peeling, and axing out knots of poplar and pine trees for pulpwood that are demonstrated in the photos. In a few cases the comments on the back criticize poor practices, indicating that the photos may have been intended for training purposes. \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, PA\" is stamped on some photos; on the return address of the envelope in which the photos were housed, however, \"Tyrone\" has been crossed out and \"Covington, VA\" written in. Nine photos show African American workers; two show very young workers.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): May pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it east to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it easy to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. (next sentence crossed out) The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa. (handwritten) Why work all stooped over? It is usually possible to cross trees well off the ground.","Text on photo (typed): They say, \"Well trimmed is half peeled.\" It is true that much of the discouragement in peeling comes from tools striking knots or limbs that should have been chopped off close to the body of the tree. In fact, the trimmer should strike in with his axe just below the junction of limb and tree, leaving no projecting snags to catch the peeling tool. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Whether bark is on a smooth surface, or encased around a knot, it makes dirt in the paper if allowed to remain on pulpwood. It pays to put the wood in first-class shape as the trees are cut, rather than later on, when the knots are dried hard and the bark tight. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): Max Fleischer job. Gordonsville, Va. 11 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): One of Wm Allen's men with \"stripped pine\" near Burkeville, Va., 8 June '31.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): On W. C. Newman [illegible] job, near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sep. '28. Small trees left for cutting later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Stump peeled and then cut high enough to interfere with hauling. J. H. Clarke's place near Naruna, Va. 20 March, 1928.","Text on photo (handwritten): Peterson \u0026 Black Fork Union, Va. 10 June '31.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Many pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper, Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Sticks that must be split will yield most readily to an outfit made up of a ten-pound splitting hammer and three or four iron wedges. If there is much splitting to be done, about $3 invested in the right sort of tools should be well worth while. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co. Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel large poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.","Text on photo (handwritten): R. E. Farmer pine Crutchfield, N. C. 19 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Moravian Falls, N. C. 22 Apr. '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): J. W. Gilliam job near Sanford, N. C. 26 Apr. '29.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Contains 36 B\u0026W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0130","/repositories/4/resources/277"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"collection_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Green Valley Auctions, Inc. in March 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Logging -- Virginia","Logging -- West Virginia","Logging -- North Carolina ","Bark peeling -- Virginia","Bark peeling -- West Virginia","Bark peeling -- North Carolina ","Lumbering -- Virginia","Lumbering -- West Virginia","Lumbering -- North Carolina ","Forests and forestry -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- West Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- North Carolina  -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Logging -- Virginia","Logging -- West Virginia","Logging -- North Carolina ","Bark peeling -- Virginia","Bark peeling -- West Virginia","Bark peeling -- North Carolina ","Lumbering -- Virginia","Lumbering -- West Virginia","Lumbering -- North Carolina ","Forests and forestry -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Forests and forestry -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- West Virginia -- 20th century","Forest products industry -- North Carolina  -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- West Virginia -- History -- 20th century","Agriculture and state -- North Carolina  -- History -- 20th century","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll photographs have been digitized and are available online via \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://www.jstor.org/site/jamesmadisonuniversity/jamesmadisonuniversitywestvirginiapulpandpapercompanyloggingphotographs/\"\u003eJSTOR\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["All photographs have been digitized and are available online via  JSTOR ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs are housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The photographs are housed in one folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company was incorporated in 1898 by William Luke and sons. Through the twentieth century it grew into a multinational wood products corporation and changed its name to Westvaco. At the end of the twentieth century it became MeadWestvaco.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company was incorporated in 1898 by William Luke and sons. Through the twentieth century it grew into a multinational wood products corporation and changed its name to Westvaco. At the end of the twentieth century it became MeadWestvaco."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs, 1927-1931, SC 0130, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA. 22807\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Logging Photographs, 1927-1931, SC 0130, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA. 22807"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3037.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3037."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOf the 36 black-and-white photographs in this collection, 25 carry identification on the back that specifies locations in North Carolina (Moravian Falls, Crutchfield, Sanford) and Virginia (Newcastle, Fort Union, Naruna, Rhoadesville, Gordonsville, Burkeville), dates the photos from 1927 to 1931, and explains the techniques of cutting, peeling, and axing out knots of poplar and pine trees for pulpwood that are demonstrated in the photos. In a few cases the comments on the back criticize poor practices, indicating that the photos may have been intended for training purposes. \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, PA\" is stamped on some photos; on the return address of the envelope in which the photos were housed, however, \"Tyrone\" has been crossed out and \"Covington, VA\" written in. Nine photos show African American workers; two show very young workers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): May pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it east to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it easy to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. (next sentence crossed out) The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa. (handwritten) Why work all stooped over? It is usually possible to cross trees well off the ground.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): They say, \"Well trimmed is half peeled.\" It is true that much of the discouragement in peeling comes from tools striking knots or limbs that should have been chopped off close to the body of the tree. In fact, the trimmer should strike in with his axe just below the junction of limb and tree, leaving no projecting snags to catch the peeling tool. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Whether bark is on a smooth surface, or encased around a knot, it makes dirt in the paper if allowed to remain on pulpwood. It pays to put the wood in first-class shape as the trees are cut, rather than later on, when the knots are dried hard and the bark tight. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Max Fleischer job. Gordonsville, Va. 11 July '27.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): One of Wm Allen's men with \"stripped pine\" near Burkeville, Va., 8 June '31.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): On W. C. Newman [illegible] job, near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sep. '28. Small trees left for cutting later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Stump peeled and then cut high enough to interfere with hauling. J. H. Clarke's place near Naruna, Va. 20 March, 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Peterson \u0026amp; Black Fork Union, Va. 10 June '31.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Many pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper, Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): Sticks that must be split will yield most readily to an outfit made up of a ten-pound splitting hammer and three or four iron wedges. If there is much splitting to be done, about $3 invested in the right sort of tools should be well worth while. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co. Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): A good way to peel large poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (typed): A good way to peel poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026amp; Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): R. E. Farmer pine Crutchfield, N. C. 19 July '27.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): Near Moravian Falls, N. C. 22 Apr. '27.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): J. W. Gilliam job near Sanford, N. C. 26 Apr. '29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eText on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Of the 36 black-and-white photographs in this collection, 25 carry identification on the back that specifies locations in North Carolina (Moravian Falls, Crutchfield, Sanford) and Virginia (Newcastle, Fort Union, Naruna, Rhoadesville, Gordonsville, Burkeville), dates the photos from 1927 to 1931, and explains the techniques of cutting, peeling, and axing out knots of poplar and pine trees for pulpwood that are demonstrated in the photos. In a few cases the comments on the back criticize poor practices, indicating that the photos may have been intended for training purposes. \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, PA\" is stamped on some photos; on the return address of the envelope in which the photos were housed, however, \"Tyrone\" has been crossed out and \"Covington, VA\" written in. Nine photos show African American workers; two show very young workers.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): May pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it east to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Cutting stumps low saves timber in the biggest part of the tree. Then again, cutting a low stump will often allow you to make an extra stick at the top of the tree. Low stumps make it easy to get wagons or trucks thru the woods or cuttings. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. (next sentence crossed out) The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa. (handwritten) Why work all stooped over? It is usually possible to cross trees well off the ground.","Text on photo (typed): They say, \"Well trimmed is half peeled.\" It is true that much of the discouragement in peeling comes from tools striking knots or limbs that should have been chopped off close to the body of the tree. In fact, the trimmer should strike in with his axe just below the junction of limb and tree, leaving no projecting snags to catch the peeling tool. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Whether bark is on a smooth surface, or encased around a knot, it makes dirt in the paper if allowed to remain on pulpwood. It pays to put the wood in first-class shape as the trees are cut, rather than later on, when the knots are dried hard and the bark tight. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Both the outer bark and inner skin may be taken off slick and clean during the peeling season. Note the large pieces of bark that have been readily removed. The trees have been felled \"criss-cross\" up off the ground, for convenience in peeling, as well as to hasten seasoning of the wood. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): Max Fleischer job. Gordonsville, Va. 11 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): One of Wm Allen's men with \"stripped pine\" near Burkeville, Va., 8 June '31.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sept. '28. Small trees left for cuttings later.","Text on photo (handwritten): On W. C. Newman [illegible] job, near Rhoadesville, Va. 10 Sep. '28. Small trees left for cutting later.","Text on photo (handwritten): Stump peeled and then cut high enough to interfere with hauling. J. H. Clarke's place near Naruna, Va. 20 March, 1928.","Text on photo (handwritten): Peterson \u0026 Black Fork Union, Va. 10 June '31.","Text on photo (typed): Pulpwood left lying on the ground will take up water, and become mouldy and dirty. It pays to stick wood up on end, or rick it up loosely as soon as it has been peeled. It is then in shape to dry out well so that large loads may be hauled. Freight charges on wet, soggy, or green wood are high. To pay freight on useless water involves a loss for someone to sustain. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Many pulpwood cutters throw the trees criss-cross to keep them up off the ground. Each tree is peeled thoroughly as soon as felled, and left in full tree lengths until the wood is dry. Then it is sawed up and hauled to the railroad. The wood is handled the least number of times, drys quickly, and is always off the ground. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper, Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): Sticks that must be split will yield most readily to an outfit made up of a ten-pound splitting hammer and three or four iron wedges. If there is much splitting to be done, about $3 invested in the right sort of tools should be well worth while. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co. Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel large poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (typed): A good way to peel poplar is to saw the trees in 5 foot blocks. Then split the bark along one side, stepping on the edge of the bark and tramping it off as the block is rolled down hill. With smaller trees, an ax is used to ring the bark every 5 to 8 feet. Then it is pried off in sections with the ax. West Virginia Pulp \u0026 Paper Co., Wood Dept., Tyrone, Pa.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931.","Text on photo (handwritten): R. E. Farmer pine Crutchfield, N. C. 19 July '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): Near Moravian Falls, N. C. 22 Apr. '27.","Text on photo (handwritten): J. W. Gilliam job near Sanford, N. C. 26 Apr. '29.","Text on photo (handwritten): A. L. Duncan Newcastle, Va. June 1, 1931."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5884a89deb59186c9af7317d327e8d3d\"\u003eContains 36 B\u0026amp;W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Contains 36 B\u0026W photographs of loggers (including African-American and child workers) cutting trees in North Carolina, Virginia, and unspecified locations. Some photos have hand-written or stamped information on the back explaining the techniques being used and identifying them as \"West Virginia Pulp and Paper Co.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","MeadWestvaco (Firm) -- History"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:20.538Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_277"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_732","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wilbur S. Pence letter to Nellie F. Zirkle","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_732#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pence, Wilbur S., 1906-1986","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_732#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Typed letter dated July 11, 1951 addressing Zirkle's complaint about students and spectators trespassing on her property to retrieve baseballs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_732#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_732","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_732","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_732","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_732.xml","title_ssm":["Wilbur S. Pence letter to Nellie F. 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