{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=15\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=17\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=7283\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":16,"next_page":17,"prev_page":15,"total_pages":7283,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":150,"total_count":72826,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01_c08","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"15.1.8: Bankruptcy markup\n Sessions","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01_c08","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01_c08"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01_c08","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials","15.1.8: Bankruptcy markup\n Sessions"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bankruptcy markup\n Sessions","title_ssm":["15.1.8: Bankruptcy markup\n Sessions"],"title_tesim":["15.1.8: Bankruptcy markup\n Sessions"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15.1.8: Bankruptcy markup\n Sessions"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":314,"_nest_path_":"/components#15/components#0/components#7","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01_c08"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subject Files and Research\n Materials","title_ssm":["15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials"],"title_tesim":["15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15.1: Subject Files and Research\n Materials"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":245,"_nest_path_":"/components#15/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c01"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"15.2.1: Uniform Bankruptcy\n File","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02_c01"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files","15.2.1: Uniform Bankruptcy\n File"],"title_filing_ssi":"Uniform Bankruptcy\n File","title_ssm":["15.2.1: Uniform Bankruptcy\n File"],"title_tesim":["15.2.1: Uniform Bankruptcy\n File"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15.2.1: Uniform Bankruptcy\n File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":144,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":318,"_nest_path_":"/components#15/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","15: Bankruptcy Legislation \n \n 1972-1978","15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files","title_ssm":["15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files"],"title_tesim":["15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15.2: Ken Klee's Bankruptcy\n Files"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":317,"_nest_path_":"/components#15/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c16_c02"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"(1566) Icarus","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel Herrick Papers","Series VIII. Manuscript Calculations"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel Herrick Papers","Series VIII. Manuscript Calculations"],"text":["Samuel Herrick Papers","Series VIII. Manuscript Calculations","(1566) Icarus"],"title_filing_ssi":"(1566) Icarus","title_ssm":["(1566) Icarus"],"title_tesim":["(1566) Icarus"],"normalized_title_ssm":["(1566) Icarus"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Herrick Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":31,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":1280,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research with the exception of Box 74, which is restricted for use. Items in Box 74 are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:14:48.260Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1323.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Herrick, Samuel, Papers","title_ssm":["Samuel Herrick Papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Herrick Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930-1974"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930-1974"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1978.002"],"text":["Ms.1978.002","Samuel Herrick Papers","Astronomy","Science and Technology","Astrodynamics","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Astronomers","Aerospace engineers","The collection is open for research with the exception of Box 74, which is restricted for use. Items in Box 74 are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Astrodynamics","The Betulia Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1580) Betulia, named for Samuel Herrick's wife, Betulia Toro Herrick. This includes an article, calculations, correspondence, ephemerides, numerical integration, observations, elements, oppositions, and representations. The Icarus Files contain materials relating to the near-Earth object (1566) Icarus, including ephemerides, residuals, correspondence, history and facts, observations, orbit graphs, and publications. The Geographos Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1620) Geographos, including early Encke orbit files, elements, ellipse graphs, ephemerides, general information, publicity, variation of parameters, and possible exploration. The Jupiter IX and Jupiter XII Files contain materials relating to Jupiter IX (an irregular satellite of Jupiter now known as Sinope) and Jupiter XII (an irregular moon of Jupiter now known as Ananke). This includes Cowell integrations, ephemeris, graphs, basic calculations, history, general information, variation of constants, observations and representations, and publicity. Items not included in the above files consist of materials relating to other minor planets and objects, such as Lanzia, the Swift comet, and the Wilson object. This includes graphs and calculations, articles, observations, general information, history, ephemerides, opposition graphs, formulae, and procedures. Also included are Minor Planet Center Notices 151 through 2800, and 3535 through 3602. ","This series has been divided into further sub-series by subject:","\nSub-Series A. Academic Activites and Affairs, includes files from Herrick's time as an instructor and professor at UCLA, including budgets, public and university service, appointment and promotional committees, and the UCLA space program. This sub-series also includes papers on the faculty senate, the Guggenheim Fellowship, letters of appreciation to Herrick, patents, and complimentary reviews of Herrick's publications.","Sub-Series B. Correspondence, consists of correspondence with faculty, university departments, and schools such as UCLA and Berkeley. It also includes correspondence with Robert H. Goddard, American professor, engineer, physicist, and inventor.","Sub-Series C. Course Materials, is made up of materials from courses Herrick taught, such as History of Astrodynamics, Fundamental Astronomy, and short co0urses in astrodynamics. These include notes, course outlines, syllabi, exams and exercises, flash cards and practice problems, and course evaluations.","Sub-Series D. SH Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, includes work by students Herrick taught. Their work includes drafts and completed dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams.","Sub-Series E. Williams College, consists of materials from Herrick's time as an undergraduate student at Williams College. This includes Herrick's course notes, papers, and outlines. ","\nWithin these sub-series the materials have remained in the order they were received.","This series is arranged alphabetically according to who Herrick was corresponding with.","Materials in this series have been listed in alphabetical order for ease of use.","This series has been divided into sub-series according to the original arrangement of materials:","Sub-Series A. \"S\" series of files, chiefly reprints of articles, includes reprints of articles by others that were identified as \"S\" series by Herrick. These articles and papers are on topics such as comets, grid navigation, orbits, and advancements in the field of astrodynamics. The files are numbered sequentially, maintaining the original order, and there are a number of folders with an \"S\" number, but no title. ","Sub-Series B. Article Reprints, includes reprints of articles and technical papers by others. These files are organized alphabetically by author name and include topics such as celestial mechanics, orbits, and the space sciences.","Sub-Series C. SH Publications, consists of notes, drafts, and revisions of Herrick's Astrodynamics . It also includes errata, vellums, research reports, and bibliography materials.","Sub-Series D. SH Numbered Publications (see also listing in Box 1), is made up of Herrick's publications numbers 1 through 233. They are numbered in accordance with his bibliography (located in Box 1) and include drafts and reprints of his work, as well as correspondence relating to it. Topics include orbit methods, comet observations, position determination, celestial navigation, planetary grids, ephemeris of minor planets and objects, rocket trajectories, space travel, lunar exploration, astronomical values, and advancements in astrodynamics. ","Sub-Series E. Drafts of Articles and Book Chapters, includes additional notes and drafts of articles and book chapters, such as Herrick's Contribution to CRC \"Handbook of Tables for Mathematics,\" 1965-1966, Gibb's Contribution to Orbit Theory, and Herrick's review of Einstein books. It also contains correspondence related to Herrick's drafts and publications.","This Sub-Series is arranged in alphabetical order by author.","This series largely maintains the order it was received. Materials relating to Halley's Comet and (1566) Icarus have been grouped together for ease of use.","This series largely maintains the order in which it was received. Oversized materials have been separated into additional boxes.","This series has been separated into four parts to maintain the original order and separation of materials.","The Betulia Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1580) Betulia, named for Samuel Herrick's wife, Betulia Toro Herrick. This includes an article, calculations, correspondence, ephemerides, numerical integration, observations, elements, oppositions, and representations. The Icarus Files contain materials relating to the near-Earth object (1566) Icarus, including ephemerides, residuals, correspondence, history and facts, observations, orbit graphs, and publications. The Geographos Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1620) Geographos, including early Encke orbit files, elements, ellipse graphs, ephemerides, general information, publicity, variation of parameters, and possible exploration. The Jupiter IX and Jupiter XII Files contain materials relating to Jupiter IX (an irregular satellite of Jupiter now known as Sinope) and Jupiter XII (an irregular moon of Jupiter now known as Ananke). This includes Cowell integrations, ephemeris, graphs, basic calculations, history, general information, variation of constants, observations and representations, and publicity. Items not included in the above files consist of materials relating to other minor planets and objects, such as Lanzia, the Swift comet, and the Wilson object. This includes graphs and calculations, articles, observations, general information, history, ephemerides, opposition graphs, formulae, and procedures. Also included are Minor Planet Center Notices 151 through 2800, and 3535 through 3602. ","Samuel Herrick, generally recognized as the founder of the field of astrodynamics, was born in Madison County, Virginia, in 1911. He received a B. S. in Mathematics from Williams College in 1932 and a Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of California at Berkeley in 1936. Most of his teaching career was spent at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Herrick served as an instructor in the Astronomy Department from 1937 to 1942; as an assistant professor from 1942 to 1947; as an associate professor from 1947 to 1952; and as a professor from 1952 to 1962. He was the Hunsaker Professor of Astronomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1961-1962 and was made a professor in the Astronomy and Engineering Departments at UCLA in 1962. Herrick died in 1974. ","Herrick's work applied the classic disciplines of celestial mechanics and mathematics to the special problems of space trajectory research. His studies of the celestial mechanics aspects of space navigation date from 1931, when he received advice and encouragement from R. H. Goddard. As early as 1936, he formulated a development program for the utilization of celestial mechanics in the solution of space navigation problems destined to become real problems only two decades later. In 1946, Herrick instituted a course in Rocket Navigation, the world's first university course designed specifically for astronautics. In 1957, he founded the Astrodynamics Colloquium at UCLA to facilitate communication among scientists engaged in rocket research. ","Herrick's publications number over two hundred items, culminating in his comprehensive two-volume work on Astrodynamics , published by Van Nostrand in 1971-1972. His principal contributions to scientific theory are in the areas of orbit determination and ephemeris integration; universal variables; perturbation theory and variation of parameters; differential correction and least squares; space navigation; and sea and air navigation. Further information on Herrick and his accomplishments can be found in the biographical files in Box 1 of the collection. ","The guide to the Samuel Herrick Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Some of the materials in this folder are in French.","Some materials in this folder are written in French.","This folder contains glass plates, some of which have broken. Please use caution when handling the materials.","Minimal description was completed prior to 1998.","Additional processing, arrangement and description of the Samuel Herrick Papers was completed as part of the project, \"Piercing the Veil: Creating Access to the Archives of American Aerospace Exploration at Virginia Tech,\" funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) in 2024. ","This collection is made up of the personal and professional papers of Samuel Herrick (1911-1974), astronomer and founder of the field of astrodynamics. It contains personal materials such as biographical and bibliographical information, correspondence, and personal subject files. This collection also contains materials that document Herrick's career in astronomy, beginning with his B.S. in Mathematics from Williams College and including his time teaching at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Among these are notes, drafts of publications, files relating to astrodynamics courses, computer printouts, manuscript calculations, and reprints of the works on others in astronomy and the space sciences. These include notable materials such as correspondence with R. H. Goddard, a development program for the utilization of celestial mechanics in the solution of space navigation problems, the founding of the Astrodynamics Colloquium at UCLA, consulting files for NASA's Project Mercury and the film \"The Day the Earth Stood Still,\" and a comprehensive two-volume work on Astrodynamics , published by Van Nostrand in 1971-1972. Materials are largely textual, consisting of correspondence, memoranda, reports, clippings, publications, and others. This collection also includes glass plates, Fortran computer printouts, and some drawings.","Series I. Biographical Information, 1949-1973. This series is made up of materials relating to Herrick's life, such as biographical sketches of Herrick, biographical directory files, complete and partial bibliographies, and a personal reading log. These include information about his life, professional activities, honors and memeberships in societies, publications, and citations.","Series II. Academic Files, 1930-1974. This series contains materials related to Herrick's academic activities. This includes files and notes from his time as a student at Williams College, correspondence with faculty, files from his time with UCLA, course notes and materials from courses he taught, and student dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams. ","Sub-Series A. Academic Activities and Affairs, 1935-1973, includes academic affairs files (1930-1970), UCLA Astronomy Dept.; Guggenheim fellowship (1945-1951); UCLA files; Hunsaker professorship at MIT (1961-1962); reviews of others' works; Los Angeles Advisory Committee (1964-1968); and participation in \"Los Angeles in Paris\" trip (1967-1968).","Sub-Series B. Correspondence, 1931-1972, consists of academic correspondence, including correspondence with R. H. Goddard.","Sub-Series C. Course Materials, 1948-1974. This sub-series includes course notes, outlines, and exams for space navigation (1955) and astrodynamics courses.","Sub-Series D. S.H. Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, 1965-1973, includes drafts and completed versions of dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams from students Herrick taught.","Sub-Series E. Williams College, 1930-1969. This sub-series includes Williams College course notes; S.H. thesis and papers; and William College Correspondence.","Series III. Correspondence, 1930-1973. This series contains correspondence between Herrick and others ranging from 1930 to 1973.","Series IV. Consulting, 1940-1966. This series includes contracts and consultations, such as Ohio State Mapping Lab, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Army Air Force, NSF Grant G976, Western Data Processing Center, and 20th Century Fox [Consulting for \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"]. It also includes materials such as monthly reports, proposals, and logs.","Series V. Presentations and Lectures, 1955-1964. This series consists of notes, outlines, slides, and other materials related to talks, presentations, and lectures given by Herrick. This includes talks and presentations given for organizations such as AIAA and IAU, covering topics such as differential correction, variation of parameters, planetary motions, and asteroids.","Series VI. Professional Societies, 1925-1973. This series includes materials related to professional societies in the space sciences, including, but not limited to: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Academy of Mechanics, American Academy of Sciences, American Rocket Society, British Interplanetary Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. Materials include membership information, board of directors files, awards, annual meeting and conference notes, committees, reports, and journals.","Series VII. Publications, including Reprints and Drafts, 1932-1973. This series includes drafts and reprints of Herrick's many works, notably Astrodynamics , published in 1971-1972. The series also contains correspondence about Herrick's publications or his reviews of work published by others. There are also reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences.","Series VIII. Manuscript Calculations, 1948-1972. This series consists of calculations used in Herrick's studies of minor planets and objects. It includes materials such as shock waves of Icarus calculations, Project 15, minor planets and objects, perturbations, geophysical constraints and correction methods, collection of formulae, and ephemeral calculations. ","Series IX. Computer Printouts, 1965-1973. This series includes early SH printouts, calculations, and Fortran computer runs such as Betulia ephemeris, Icarus ephemerides, Geographos, planetary coordinates, and two-body problems. Much of the computer printouts were created by Gary R. Smith, who received his Ph.D. in astrodynamics at UCLA in 1972 from Herrick.","Series X. Card Files, n.d. This series contains 4 sets card files with names and addresses of Herrick's contacts and bibliographies for celestial mechanics and astrodynamics.","Series XI. Subject Files, 1924-1981. This series includes Herrick's files on a variety of subjects. These materials reflect his professional and personal interests, including early computers, minor planets, space exploration, and piano music. Notable materials include Aeronutronic Systems Division-Ford files, Technical Study #3, mathematics publications, Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports, files on Betulia, Icarus, Geographos, and Jupiter IX and XII, Minor Planet Center Notices, and notes on navigation.","Series XII. Drawings and Calculations, 1949, n.d. This series consists of oversize drawings and calculations, including rectilinear tables, the nonimal system, and navigational drawings.","This series is made up of materials relating to Herrick's life, such as biographical sketches of Herrick, biographical directory files, complete and partial bibliographies, and a personal reading log. These include information about his life, professional activities, honors and memeberships in societies, publications, and citations.","This series contains materials related to Herrick's academic activities. This includes files and notes from his time as a student at Williams College, correspondence with faculty, files from his time with UCLA, course notes and materials from courses he taught, and student dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams. ","Sub-Series A. Academic Activities and Affairs, 1935-1973, includes academic affairs files (1930-1970), UCLA Astronomy Dept.; Guggenheim fellowship (1945-1951); UCLA files; Hunsaker professorship at MIT (1961-1962); reviews of others' works; Los Angeles Advisory Committee (1964-1968); and participation in \"Los Angeles in Paris\" trip (1967-1968).","Sub-Series B. Correspondence, 1931-1972, consists of academic correspondence, including correspondence with R. H. Goddard.","Sub-Series C. Course Materials, 1948-1974. This sub-series includes course notes, outlines, and exams for space navigation (1955) and astrodynamics courses.","Sub-Series D. S.H. Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, 1965-1973, includes drafts and completed versions of dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams from students Herrick taught.","Sub-Series E. Williams College, 1930-1969. This sub-series includes Williams College course notes; S.H. thesis and papers; and William College Correspondence.","This series contains correspondence between Herrick and others ranging from 1930 to 1973.","This series includes contracts and consultations, such as Ohio State Mapping Lab, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Army Air Force, NSF Grant G976, Western Data Processing Center, and 20th Century Fox [Consulting for \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"]. It also includes materials such as monthly reports, proposals, and logs.","This series consists of notes, outlines, slides, and other materials related to talks, presentations, and lectures given by Herrick. This includes talks and presentations given for organizations such as AIAA and IAU, covering topics such as differential correction, variation of parameters, planetary motions, and asteroids.","This series includes materials related to professional societies in the space sciences, including, but not limited to: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Academy of Mechanics, American Academy of Sciences, American Rocket Society, British Interplanetary Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. Materials include membership information, board of directors files, awards, annual meeting and conference notes, committees, reports, and journals.","This series includes drafts and reprints of Herrick's many works, notably Astrodynamics , published in 1971-1972. The series also contains correspondence about Herrick's publications or his reviews of work published by others. There are also reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences.","This series consists of calculations used in Herrick's studies of minor planets and objects. It includes materials such as shock waves of Icarus calculations, Project 15, minor planets and objects, perturbations, geophysical constraints and correction methods, collection of formulae, and ephemeral calculations.","This series includes early SH printouts, calculations, and Fortran computer runs such as Betulia ephemeris, Icarus ephemerides, Geographos, planetary coordinates, and two-body problems. ","Much of the computer printouts were created by Gary R. Smith, who received his Ph.D. in astrodynamics at UCLA in 1972 from Herrick.","This series contains 4 sets card files with names and addresses of Herrick's contacts and bibliographies for celestial mechanics and astrodynamics.","This series includes Herrick's files on a variety of subjects. These materials reflect his professional and personal interests, including early computers, minor planets, space exploration, and piano music. Notable materials include Aeronutronic Systems Division-Ford files, Technical Study #3, mathematics publications, Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports, files on Betulia, Icarus, Geographos, and Jupiter IX and XII, Minor Planet Center Notices, and notes on navigation.","This series consists of oversize drawings and calculations, including rectilinear tables, the nonimal system, and navigational drawings.","The following publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection:","Harbold, Norris B. The Log of Air Navigation . San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1970.","Mechanics .Edited by N.C. Lind. Compiled and produced by American Academy of Mechanics, 1970.","Mechanics .Edited by N.C. Lind. Compiled and produced by American Academy of Mechanics, 1971.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Samuel Herrick was an astronomer who specialized in celestial mechanics, generally recognized as the founder of the field of astrodynamics. His papers consist of correspondence, notes, drafts of publications, files relating to students and courses, and reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences. Other highlights include Herrick's consulting files for projects such as NASA's Project Mercury, the film \"\"The Day the Earth Stood Still\" (1951), and private industry. This collection is part of the Archives of American Aerospace Exploration at Virginia Tech.","Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974","Most of the materials in this collection are in English. Some materials in Series VI. Professional Societies, Series VII. Publications, and Series XI. Subject Files are in French, German, Russian, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, or Japanese."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1978.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Herrick Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Herrick Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Herrick Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974"],"creator_ssim":["Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974"],"creators_ssim":["Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Samuel Herrick Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1978."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Astronomy","Science and Technology","Astrodynamics","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Astronomers","Aerospace engineers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Astronomy","Science and Technology","Astrodynamics","Archives of American Aerospace Exploration (AAAE)","Astronomers","Aerospace engineers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 85 Cubic Feet 74 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 85 Cubic Feet 74 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research with the exception of Box 74, which is restricted for use. Items in Box 74 are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research with the exception of Box 74, which is restricted for use. Items in Box 74 are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation.","Contents in this folder are restricted for use until 75 years after date of creation."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/325\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAstrodynamics\u003c/title\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eThe Betulia Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1580) Betulia, named for Samuel Herrick's wife, Betulia Toro Herrick. This includes an article, calculations, correspondence, ephemerides, numerical integration, observations, elements, oppositions, and representations.\u003c/li\u003e\n \n \u003cli\u003eThe Icarus Files contain materials relating to the near-Earth object (1566) Icarus, including ephemerides, residuals, correspondence, history and facts, observations, orbit graphs, and publications.\u003c/li\u003e\n \n \u003cli\u003eThe Geographos Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1620) Geographos, including early Encke orbit files, elements, ellipse graphs, ephemerides, general information, publicity, variation of parameters, and possible exploration.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe Jupiter IX and Jupiter XII Files contain materials relating to Jupiter IX (an irregular satellite of Jupiter now known as Sinope) and Jupiter XII (an irregular moon of Jupiter now known as Ananke). This includes Cowell integrations, ephemeris, graphs, basic calculations, history, general information, variation of constants, observations and representations, and publicity.\u003c/li\u003e\n \n \u003cli\u003eItems not included in the above files consist of materials relating to other minor planets and objects, such as Lanzia, the Swift comet, and the Wilson object. This includes graphs and calculations, articles, observations, general information, history, ephemerides, opposition graphs, formulae, and procedures. Also included are Minor Planet Center Notices 151 through 2800, and 3535 through 3602. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series has been divided into further sub-series by subject:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSub-Series A. Academic Activites and Affairs, includes files from Herrick's time as an instructor and professor at UCLA, including budgets, public and university service, appointment and promotional committees, and the UCLA space program. This sub-series also includes papers on the faculty senate, the Guggenheim Fellowship, letters of appreciation to Herrick, patents, and complimentary reviews of Herrick's publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence, consists of correspondence with faculty, university departments, and schools such as UCLA and Berkeley. It also includes correspondence with Robert H. Goddard, American professor, engineer, physicist, and inventor.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Course Materials, is made up of materials from courses Herrick taught, such as History of Astrodynamics, Fundamental Astronomy, and short co0urses in astrodynamics. These include notes, course outlines, syllabi, exams and exercises, flash cards and practice problems, and course evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. SH Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, includes work by students Herrick taught. Their work includes drafts and completed dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Williams College, consists of materials from Herrick's time as an undergraduate student at Williams College. This includes Herrick's course notes, papers, and outlines. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWithin these sub-series the materials have remained in the order they were received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged alphabetically according to who Herrick was corresponding with.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this series have been listed in alphabetical order for ease of use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series has been divided into sub-series according to the original arrangement of materials:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. \"S\" series of files, chiefly reprints of articles, includes reprints of articles by others that were identified as \"S\" series by Herrick. These articles and papers are on topics such as comets, grid navigation, orbits, and advancements in the field of astrodynamics. The files are numbered sequentially, maintaining the original order, and there are a number of folders with an \"S\" number, but no title. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Article Reprints, includes reprints of articles and technical papers by others. These files are organized alphabetically by author name and include topics such as celestial mechanics, orbits, and the space sciences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. SH Publications, consists of notes, drafts, and revisions of Herrick's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAstrodynamics\u003c/title\u003e. It also includes errata, vellums, research reports, and bibliography materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. SH Numbered Publications (see also listing in Box 1), is made up of Herrick's publications numbers 1 through 233. They are numbered in accordance with his bibliography (located in Box 1) and include drafts and reprints of his work, as well as correspondence relating to it. Topics include orbit methods, comet observations, position determination, celestial navigation, planetary grids, ephemeris of minor planets and objects, rocket trajectories, space travel, lunar exploration, astronomical values, and advancements in astrodynamics. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Drafts of Articles and Book Chapters, includes additional notes and drafts of articles and book chapters, such as Herrick's Contribution to CRC \"Handbook of Tables for Mathematics,\" 1965-1966, Gibb's Contribution to Orbit Theory, and Herrick's review of Einstein books. It also contains correspondence related to Herrick's drafts and publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis Sub-Series is arranged in alphabetical order by author.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series largely maintains the order it was received. Materials relating to Halley's Comet and (1566) Icarus have been grouped together for ease of use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series largely maintains the order in which it was received. Oversized materials have been separated into additional boxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series has been separated into four parts to maintain the original order and separation of materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eThe Betulia Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1580) Betulia, named for Samuel Herrick's wife, Betulia Toro Herrick. This includes an article, calculations, correspondence, ephemerides, numerical integration, observations, elements, oppositions, and representations.\u003c/li\u003e\n \n \u003cli\u003eThe Icarus Files contain materials relating to the near-Earth object (1566) Icarus, including ephemerides, residuals, correspondence, history and facts, observations, orbit graphs, and publications.\u003c/li\u003e\n \n \u003cli\u003eThe Geographos Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1620) Geographos, including early Encke orbit files, elements, ellipse graphs, ephemerides, general information, publicity, variation of parameters, and possible exploration.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThe Jupiter IX and Jupiter XII Files contain materials relating to Jupiter IX (an irregular satellite of Jupiter now known as Sinope) and Jupiter XII (an irregular moon of Jupiter now known as Ananke). This includes Cowell integrations, ephemeris, graphs, basic calculations, history, general information, variation of constants, observations and representations, and publicity.\u003c/li\u003e\n \n \u003cli\u003eItems not included in the above files consist of materials relating to other minor planets and objects, such as Lanzia, the Swift comet, and the Wilson object. This includes graphs and calculations, articles, observations, general information, history, ephemerides, opposition graphs, formulae, and procedures. Also included are Minor Planet Center Notices 151 through 2800, and 3535 through 3602. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Astrodynamics","The Betulia Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1580) Betulia, named for Samuel Herrick's wife, Betulia Toro Herrick. This includes an article, calculations, correspondence, ephemerides, numerical integration, observations, elements, oppositions, and representations. The Icarus Files contain materials relating to the near-Earth object (1566) Icarus, including ephemerides, residuals, correspondence, history and facts, observations, orbit graphs, and publications. The Geographos Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1620) Geographos, including early Encke orbit files, elements, ellipse graphs, ephemerides, general information, publicity, variation of parameters, and possible exploration. The Jupiter IX and Jupiter XII Files contain materials relating to Jupiter IX (an irregular satellite of Jupiter now known as Sinope) and Jupiter XII (an irregular moon of Jupiter now known as Ananke). This includes Cowell integrations, ephemeris, graphs, basic calculations, history, general information, variation of constants, observations and representations, and publicity. Items not included in the above files consist of materials relating to other minor planets and objects, such as Lanzia, the Swift comet, and the Wilson object. This includes graphs and calculations, articles, observations, general information, history, ephemerides, opposition graphs, formulae, and procedures. Also included are Minor Planet Center Notices 151 through 2800, and 3535 through 3602. ","This series has been divided into further sub-series by subject:","\nSub-Series A. Academic Activites and Affairs, includes files from Herrick's time as an instructor and professor at UCLA, including budgets, public and university service, appointment and promotional committees, and the UCLA space program. This sub-series also includes papers on the faculty senate, the Guggenheim Fellowship, letters of appreciation to Herrick, patents, and complimentary reviews of Herrick's publications.","Sub-Series B. Correspondence, consists of correspondence with faculty, university departments, and schools such as UCLA and Berkeley. It also includes correspondence with Robert H. Goddard, American professor, engineer, physicist, and inventor.","Sub-Series C. Course Materials, is made up of materials from courses Herrick taught, such as History of Astrodynamics, Fundamental Astronomy, and short co0urses in astrodynamics. These include notes, course outlines, syllabi, exams and exercises, flash cards and practice problems, and course evaluations.","Sub-Series D. SH Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, includes work by students Herrick taught. Their work includes drafts and completed dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams.","Sub-Series E. Williams College, consists of materials from Herrick's time as an undergraduate student at Williams College. This includes Herrick's course notes, papers, and outlines. ","\nWithin these sub-series the materials have remained in the order they were received.","This series is arranged alphabetically according to who Herrick was corresponding with.","Materials in this series have been listed in alphabetical order for ease of use.","This series has been divided into sub-series according to the original arrangement of materials:","Sub-Series A. \"S\" series of files, chiefly reprints of articles, includes reprints of articles by others that were identified as \"S\" series by Herrick. These articles and papers are on topics such as comets, grid navigation, orbits, and advancements in the field of astrodynamics. The files are numbered sequentially, maintaining the original order, and there are a number of folders with an \"S\" number, but no title. ","Sub-Series B. Article Reprints, includes reprints of articles and technical papers by others. These files are organized alphabetically by author name and include topics such as celestial mechanics, orbits, and the space sciences.","Sub-Series C. SH Publications, consists of notes, drafts, and revisions of Herrick's Astrodynamics . It also includes errata, vellums, research reports, and bibliography materials.","Sub-Series D. SH Numbered Publications (see also listing in Box 1), is made up of Herrick's publications numbers 1 through 233. They are numbered in accordance with his bibliography (located in Box 1) and include drafts and reprints of his work, as well as correspondence relating to it. Topics include orbit methods, comet observations, position determination, celestial navigation, planetary grids, ephemeris of minor planets and objects, rocket trajectories, space travel, lunar exploration, astronomical values, and advancements in astrodynamics. ","Sub-Series E. Drafts of Articles and Book Chapters, includes additional notes and drafts of articles and book chapters, such as Herrick's Contribution to CRC \"Handbook of Tables for Mathematics,\" 1965-1966, Gibb's Contribution to Orbit Theory, and Herrick's review of Einstein books. It also contains correspondence related to Herrick's drafts and publications.","This Sub-Series is arranged in alphabetical order by author.","This series largely maintains the order it was received. Materials relating to Halley's Comet and (1566) Icarus have been grouped together for ease of use.","This series largely maintains the order in which it was received. Oversized materials have been separated into additional boxes.","This series has been separated into four parts to maintain the original order and separation of materials.","The Betulia Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1580) Betulia, named for Samuel Herrick's wife, Betulia Toro Herrick. This includes an article, calculations, correspondence, ephemerides, numerical integration, observations, elements, oppositions, and representations. The Icarus Files contain materials relating to the near-Earth object (1566) Icarus, including ephemerides, residuals, correspondence, history and facts, observations, orbit graphs, and publications. The Geographos Files contain materials relating to the asteroid (1620) Geographos, including early Encke orbit files, elements, ellipse graphs, ephemerides, general information, publicity, variation of parameters, and possible exploration. The Jupiter IX and Jupiter XII Files contain materials relating to Jupiter IX (an irregular satellite of Jupiter now known as Sinope) and Jupiter XII (an irregular moon of Jupiter now known as Ananke). This includes Cowell integrations, ephemeris, graphs, basic calculations, history, general information, variation of constants, observations and representations, and publicity. Items not included in the above files consist of materials relating to other minor planets and objects, such as Lanzia, the Swift comet, and the Wilson object. This includes graphs and calculations, articles, observations, general information, history, ephemerides, opposition graphs, formulae, and procedures. Also included are Minor Planet Center Notices 151 through 2800, and 3535 through 3602. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Herrick, generally recognized as the founder of the field of astrodynamics, was born in Madison County, Virginia, in 1911. He received a B. S. in Mathematics from Williams College in 1932 and a Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of California at Berkeley in 1936. Most of his teaching career was spent at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Herrick served as an instructor in the Astronomy Department from 1937 to 1942; as an assistant professor from 1942 to 1947; as an associate professor from 1947 to 1952; and as a professor from 1952 to 1962. He was the Hunsaker Professor of Astronomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1961-1962 and was made a professor in the Astronomy and Engineering Departments at UCLA in 1962. Herrick died in 1974. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHerrick's work applied the classic disciplines of celestial mechanics and mathematics to the special problems of space trajectory research. His studies of the celestial mechanics aspects of space navigation date from 1931, when he received advice and encouragement from R. H. Goddard. As early as 1936, he formulated a development program for the utilization of celestial mechanics in the solution of space navigation problems destined to become real problems only two decades later. In 1946, Herrick instituted a course in Rocket Navigation, the world's first university course designed specifically for astronautics. In 1957, he founded the Astrodynamics Colloquium at UCLA to facilitate communication among scientists engaged in rocket research. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHerrick's publications number over two hundred items, culminating in his comprehensive two-volume work on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAstrodynamics\u003c/title\u003e, published by Van Nostrand in 1971-1972. His principal contributions to scientific theory are in the areas of orbit determination and ephemeris integration; universal variables; perturbation theory and variation of parameters; differential correction and least squares; space navigation; and sea and air navigation. Further information on Herrick and his accomplishments can be found in the biographical files in Box 1 of the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Herrick, generally recognized as the founder of the field of astrodynamics, was born in Madison County, Virginia, in 1911. He received a B. S. in Mathematics from Williams College in 1932 and a Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of California at Berkeley in 1936. Most of his teaching career was spent at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Herrick served as an instructor in the Astronomy Department from 1937 to 1942; as an assistant professor from 1942 to 1947; as an associate professor from 1947 to 1952; and as a professor from 1952 to 1962. He was the Hunsaker Professor of Astronomy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1961-1962 and was made a professor in the Astronomy and Engineering Departments at UCLA in 1962. Herrick died in 1974. ","Herrick's work applied the classic disciplines of celestial mechanics and mathematics to the special problems of space trajectory research. His studies of the celestial mechanics aspects of space navigation date from 1931, when he received advice and encouragement from R. H. Goddard. As early as 1936, he formulated a development program for the utilization of celestial mechanics in the solution of space navigation problems destined to become real problems only two decades later. In 1946, Herrick instituted a course in Rocket Navigation, the world's first university course designed specifically for astronautics. In 1957, he founded the Astrodynamics Colloquium at UCLA to facilitate communication among scientists engaged in rocket research. ","Herrick's publications number over two hundred items, culminating in his comprehensive two-volume work on Astrodynamics , published by Van Nostrand in 1971-1972. His principal contributions to scientific theory are in the areas of orbit determination and ephemeris integration; universal variables; perturbation theory and variation of parameters; differential correction and least squares; space navigation; and sea and air navigation. Further information on Herrick and his accomplishments can be found in the biographical files in Box 1 of the collection. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Samuel Herrick Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome of the materials in this folder are in French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome materials in this folder are written in French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains glass plates, some of which have broken. Please use caution when handling the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description","Language of Materials","Language of Materials","Caution"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Samuel Herrick Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Some of the materials in this folder are in French.","Some materials in this folder are written in French.","This folder contains glass plates, some of which have broken. Please use caution when handling the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Herrick Papers, Ms1978-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Herrick Papers, Ms1978-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMinimal description was completed prior to 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional processing, arrangement and description of the Samuel Herrick Papers was completed as part of the project, \"Piercing the Veil: Creating Access to the Archives of American Aerospace Exploration at Virginia Tech,\" funded by the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.archives.gov/nhprc\"\u003eNational Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)\u003c/a\u003e in 2024. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Minimal description was completed prior to 1998.","Additional processing, arrangement and description of the Samuel Herrick Papers was completed as part of the project, \"Piercing the Veil: Creating Access to the Archives of American Aerospace Exploration at Virginia Tech,\" funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) in 2024. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is made up of the personal and professional papers of Samuel Herrick (1911-1974), astronomer and founder of the field of astrodynamics. It contains personal materials such as biographical and bibliographical information, correspondence, and personal subject files. This collection also contains materials that document Herrick's career in astronomy, beginning with his B.S. in Mathematics from Williams College and including his time teaching at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Among these are notes, drafts of publications, files relating to astrodynamics courses, computer printouts, manuscript calculations, and reprints of the works on others in astronomy and the space sciences. These include notable materials such as correspondence with R. H. Goddard, a development program for the utilization of celestial mechanics in the solution of space navigation problems, the founding of the Astrodynamics Colloquium at UCLA, consulting files for NASA's Project Mercury and the film \"The Day the Earth Stood Still,\" and a comprehensive two-volume work on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAstrodynamics\u003c/title\u003e, published by Van Nostrand in 1971-1972. Materials are largely textual, consisting of correspondence, memoranda, reports, clippings, publications, and others. This collection also includes glass plates, Fortran computer printouts, and some drawings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Biographical Information, 1949-1973. This series is made up of materials relating to Herrick's life, such as biographical sketches of Herrick, biographical directory files, complete and partial bibliographies, and a personal reading log. These include information about his life, professional activities, honors and memeberships in societies, publications, and citations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Academic Files, 1930-1974. This series contains materials related to Herrick's academic activities. This includes files and notes from his time as a student at Williams College, correspondence with faculty, files from his time with UCLA, course notes and materials from courses he taught, and student dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Academic Activities and Affairs, 1935-1973, includes academic affairs files (1930-1970), UCLA Astronomy Dept.; Guggenheim fellowship (1945-1951); UCLA files; Hunsaker professorship at MIT (1961-1962); reviews of others' works; Los Angeles Advisory Committee (1964-1968); and participation in \"Los Angeles in Paris\" trip (1967-1968).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence, 1931-1972, consists of academic correspondence, including correspondence with R. H. Goddard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Course Materials, 1948-1974. This sub-series includes course notes, outlines, and exams for space navigation (1955) and astrodynamics courses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. S.H. Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, 1965-1973, includes drafts and completed versions of dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams from students Herrick taught.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Williams College, 1930-1969. This sub-series includes Williams College course notes; S.H. thesis and papers; and William College Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Correspondence, 1930-1973. This series contains correspondence between Herrick and others ranging from 1930 to 1973.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Consulting, 1940-1966. This series includes contracts and consultations, such as Ohio State Mapping Lab, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Army Air Force, NSF Grant G976, Western Data Processing Center, and 20th Century Fox [Consulting for \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"]. It also includes materials such as monthly reports, proposals, and logs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Presentations and Lectures, 1955-1964. This series consists of notes, outlines, slides, and other materials related to talks, presentations, and lectures given by Herrick. This includes talks and presentations given for organizations such as AIAA and IAU, covering topics such as differential correction, variation of parameters, planetary motions, and asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Professional Societies, 1925-1973. This series includes materials related to professional societies in the space sciences, including, but not limited to: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Academy of Mechanics, American Academy of Sciences, American Rocket Society, British Interplanetary Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. Materials include membership information, board of directors files, awards, annual meeting and conference notes, committees, reports, and journals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Publications, including Reprints and Drafts, 1932-1973. This series includes drafts and reprints of Herrick's many works, notably \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAstrodynamics\u003c/title\u003e, published in 1971-1972. The series also contains correspondence about Herrick's publications or his reviews of work published by others. There are also reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Manuscript Calculations, 1948-1972. This series consists of calculations used in Herrick's studies of minor planets and objects. It includes materials such as shock waves of Icarus calculations, Project 15, minor planets and objects, perturbations, geophysical constraints and correction methods, collection of formulae, and ephemeral calculations. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Computer Printouts, 1965-1973. This series includes early SH printouts, calculations, and Fortran computer runs such as Betulia ephemeris, Icarus ephemerides, Geographos, planetary coordinates, and two-body problems. Much of the computer printouts were created by Gary R. Smith, who received his Ph.D. in astrodynamics at UCLA in 1972 from Herrick.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Card Files, n.d. This series contains 4 sets card files with names and addresses of Herrick's contacts and bibliographies for celestial mechanics and astrodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XI. Subject Files, 1924-1981. This series includes Herrick's files on a variety of subjects. These materials reflect his professional and personal interests, including early computers, minor planets, space exploration, and piano music. Notable materials include Aeronutronic Systems Division-Ford files, Technical Study #3, mathematics publications, Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports, files on Betulia, Icarus, Geographos, and Jupiter IX and XII, Minor Planet Center Notices, and notes on navigation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries XII. Drawings and Calculations, 1949, n.d. This series consists of oversize drawings and calculations, including rectilinear tables, the nonimal system, and navigational drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is made up of materials relating to Herrick's life, such as biographical sketches of Herrick, biographical directory files, complete and partial bibliographies, and a personal reading log. These include information about his life, professional activities, honors and memeberships in societies, publications, and citations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials related to Herrick's academic activities. This includes files and notes from his time as a student at Williams College, correspondence with faculty, files from his time with UCLA, course notes and materials from courses he taught, and student dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series A. Academic Activities and Affairs, 1935-1973, includes academic affairs files (1930-1970), UCLA Astronomy Dept.; Guggenheim fellowship (1945-1951); UCLA files; Hunsaker professorship at MIT (1961-1962); reviews of others' works; Los Angeles Advisory Committee (1964-1968); and participation in \"Los Angeles in Paris\" trip (1967-1968).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series B. Correspondence, 1931-1972, consists of academic correspondence, including correspondence with R. H. Goddard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series C. Course Materials, 1948-1974. This sub-series includes course notes, outlines, and exams for space navigation (1955) and astrodynamics courses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series D. S.H. Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, 1965-1973, includes drafts and completed versions of dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams from students Herrick taught.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSub-Series E. Williams College, 1930-1969. This sub-series includes Williams College course notes; S.H. thesis and papers; and William College Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains correspondence between Herrick and others ranging from 1930 to 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes contracts and consultations, such as Ohio State Mapping Lab, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Army Air Force, NSF Grant G976, Western Data Processing Center, and 20th Century Fox [Consulting for \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"]. It also includes materials such as monthly reports, proposals, and logs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of notes, outlines, slides, and other materials related to talks, presentations, and lectures given by Herrick. This includes talks and presentations given for organizations such as AIAA and IAU, covering topics such as differential correction, variation of parameters, planetary motions, and asteroids.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes materials related to professional societies in the space sciences, including, but not limited to: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Academy of Mechanics, American Academy of Sciences, American Rocket Society, British Interplanetary Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. Materials include membership information, board of directors files, awards, annual meeting and conference notes, committees, reports, and journals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes drafts and reprints of Herrick's many works, notably \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAstrodynamics\u003c/title\u003e, published in 1971-1972. The series also contains correspondence about Herrick's publications or his reviews of work published by others. There are also reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of calculations used in Herrick's studies of minor planets and objects. It includes materials such as shock waves of Icarus calculations, Project 15, minor planets and objects, perturbations, geophysical constraints and correction methods, collection of formulae, and ephemeral calculations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes early SH printouts, calculations, and Fortran computer runs such as Betulia ephemeris, Icarus ephemerides, Geographos, planetary coordinates, and two-body problems. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the computer printouts were created by Gary R. Smith, who received his Ph.D. in astrodynamics at UCLA in 1972 from Herrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 4 sets card files with names and addresses of Herrick's contacts and bibliographies for celestial mechanics and astrodynamics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Herrick's files on a variety of subjects. These materials reflect his professional and personal interests, including early computers, minor planets, space exploration, and piano music. Notable materials include Aeronutronic Systems Division-Ford files, Technical Study #3, mathematics publications, Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports, files on Betulia, Icarus, Geographos, and Jupiter IX and XII, Minor Planet Center Notices, and notes on navigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of oversize drawings and calculations, including rectilinear tables, the nonimal system, and navigational drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is made up of the personal and professional papers of Samuel Herrick (1911-1974), astronomer and founder of the field of astrodynamics. It contains personal materials such as biographical and bibliographical information, correspondence, and personal subject files. This collection also contains materials that document Herrick's career in astronomy, beginning with his B.S. in Mathematics from Williams College and including his time teaching at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). Among these are notes, drafts of publications, files relating to astrodynamics courses, computer printouts, manuscript calculations, and reprints of the works on others in astronomy and the space sciences. These include notable materials such as correspondence with R. H. Goddard, a development program for the utilization of celestial mechanics in the solution of space navigation problems, the founding of the Astrodynamics Colloquium at UCLA, consulting files for NASA's Project Mercury and the film \"The Day the Earth Stood Still,\" and a comprehensive two-volume work on Astrodynamics , published by Van Nostrand in 1971-1972. Materials are largely textual, consisting of correspondence, memoranda, reports, clippings, publications, and others. This collection also includes glass plates, Fortran computer printouts, and some drawings.","Series I. Biographical Information, 1949-1973. This series is made up of materials relating to Herrick's life, such as biographical sketches of Herrick, biographical directory files, complete and partial bibliographies, and a personal reading log. These include information about his life, professional activities, honors and memeberships in societies, publications, and citations.","Series II. Academic Files, 1930-1974. This series contains materials related to Herrick's academic activities. This includes files and notes from his time as a student at Williams College, correspondence with faculty, files from his time with UCLA, course notes and materials from courses he taught, and student dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams. ","Sub-Series A. Academic Activities and Affairs, 1935-1973, includes academic affairs files (1930-1970), UCLA Astronomy Dept.; Guggenheim fellowship (1945-1951); UCLA files; Hunsaker professorship at MIT (1961-1962); reviews of others' works; Los Angeles Advisory Committee (1964-1968); and participation in \"Los Angeles in Paris\" trip (1967-1968).","Sub-Series B. Correspondence, 1931-1972, consists of academic correspondence, including correspondence with R. H. Goddard.","Sub-Series C. Course Materials, 1948-1974. This sub-series includes course notes, outlines, and exams for space navigation (1955) and astrodynamics courses.","Sub-Series D. S.H. Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, 1965-1973, includes drafts and completed versions of dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams from students Herrick taught.","Sub-Series E. Williams College, 1930-1969. This sub-series includes Williams College course notes; S.H. thesis and papers; and William College Correspondence.","Series III. Correspondence, 1930-1973. This series contains correspondence between Herrick and others ranging from 1930 to 1973.","Series IV. Consulting, 1940-1966. This series includes contracts and consultations, such as Ohio State Mapping Lab, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Army Air Force, NSF Grant G976, Western Data Processing Center, and 20th Century Fox [Consulting for \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"]. It also includes materials such as monthly reports, proposals, and logs.","Series V. Presentations and Lectures, 1955-1964. This series consists of notes, outlines, slides, and other materials related to talks, presentations, and lectures given by Herrick. This includes talks and presentations given for organizations such as AIAA and IAU, covering topics such as differential correction, variation of parameters, planetary motions, and asteroids.","Series VI. Professional Societies, 1925-1973. This series includes materials related to professional societies in the space sciences, including, but not limited to: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Academy of Mechanics, American Academy of Sciences, American Rocket Society, British Interplanetary Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. Materials include membership information, board of directors files, awards, annual meeting and conference notes, committees, reports, and journals.","Series VII. Publications, including Reprints and Drafts, 1932-1973. This series includes drafts and reprints of Herrick's many works, notably Astrodynamics , published in 1971-1972. The series also contains correspondence about Herrick's publications or his reviews of work published by others. There are also reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences.","Series VIII. Manuscript Calculations, 1948-1972. This series consists of calculations used in Herrick's studies of minor planets and objects. It includes materials such as shock waves of Icarus calculations, Project 15, minor planets and objects, perturbations, geophysical constraints and correction methods, collection of formulae, and ephemeral calculations. ","Series IX. Computer Printouts, 1965-1973. This series includes early SH printouts, calculations, and Fortran computer runs such as Betulia ephemeris, Icarus ephemerides, Geographos, planetary coordinates, and two-body problems. Much of the computer printouts were created by Gary R. Smith, who received his Ph.D. in astrodynamics at UCLA in 1972 from Herrick.","Series X. Card Files, n.d. This series contains 4 sets card files with names and addresses of Herrick's contacts and bibliographies for celestial mechanics and astrodynamics.","Series XI. Subject Files, 1924-1981. This series includes Herrick's files on a variety of subjects. These materials reflect his professional and personal interests, including early computers, minor planets, space exploration, and piano music. Notable materials include Aeronutronic Systems Division-Ford files, Technical Study #3, mathematics publications, Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports, files on Betulia, Icarus, Geographos, and Jupiter IX and XII, Minor Planet Center Notices, and notes on navigation.","Series XII. Drawings and Calculations, 1949, n.d. This series consists of oversize drawings and calculations, including rectilinear tables, the nonimal system, and navigational drawings.","This series is made up of materials relating to Herrick's life, such as biographical sketches of Herrick, biographical directory files, complete and partial bibliographies, and a personal reading log. These include information about his life, professional activities, honors and memeberships in societies, publications, and citations.","This series contains materials related to Herrick's academic activities. This includes files and notes from his time as a student at Williams College, correspondence with faculty, files from his time with UCLA, course notes and materials from courses he taught, and student dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams. ","Sub-Series A. Academic Activities and Affairs, 1935-1973, includes academic affairs files (1930-1970), UCLA Astronomy Dept.; Guggenheim fellowship (1945-1951); UCLA files; Hunsaker professorship at MIT (1961-1962); reviews of others' works; Los Angeles Advisory Committee (1964-1968); and participation in \"Los Angeles in Paris\" trip (1967-1968).","Sub-Series B. Correspondence, 1931-1972, consists of academic correspondence, including correspondence with R. H. Goddard.","Sub-Series C. Course Materials, 1948-1974. This sub-series includes course notes, outlines, and exams for space navigation (1955) and astrodynamics courses.","Sub-Series D. S.H. Students' Dissertations, Theses, and Comprehensive Exams, 1965-1973, includes drafts and completed versions of dissertations, theses, and comprehensive exams from students Herrick taught.","Sub-Series E. Williams College, 1930-1969. This sub-series includes Williams College course notes; S.H. thesis and papers; and William College Correspondence.","This series contains correspondence between Herrick and others ranging from 1930 to 1973.","This series includes contracts and consultations, such as Ohio State Mapping Lab, Lockheed, North American Aviation, Army Air Force, NSF Grant G976, Western Data Processing Center, and 20th Century Fox [Consulting for \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\"]. It also includes materials such as monthly reports, proposals, and logs.","This series consists of notes, outlines, slides, and other materials related to talks, presentations, and lectures given by Herrick. This includes talks and presentations given for organizations such as AIAA and IAU, covering topics such as differential correction, variation of parameters, planetary motions, and asteroids.","This series includes materials related to professional societies in the space sciences, including, but not limited to: the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American Academy of Mechanics, American Academy of Sciences, American Rocket Society, British Interplanetary Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. Materials include membership information, board of directors files, awards, annual meeting and conference notes, committees, reports, and journals.","This series includes drafts and reprints of Herrick's many works, notably Astrodynamics , published in 1971-1972. The series also contains correspondence about Herrick's publications or his reviews of work published by others. There are also reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences.","This series consists of calculations used in Herrick's studies of minor planets and objects. It includes materials such as shock waves of Icarus calculations, Project 15, minor planets and objects, perturbations, geophysical constraints and correction methods, collection of formulae, and ephemeral calculations.","This series includes early SH printouts, calculations, and Fortran computer runs such as Betulia ephemeris, Icarus ephemerides, Geographos, planetary coordinates, and two-body problems. ","Much of the computer printouts were created by Gary R. Smith, who received his Ph.D. in astrodynamics at UCLA in 1972 from Herrick.","This series contains 4 sets card files with names and addresses of Herrick's contacts and bibliographies for celestial mechanics and astrodynamics.","This series includes Herrick's files on a variety of subjects. These materials reflect his professional and personal interests, including early computers, minor planets, space exploration, and piano music. Notable materials include Aeronutronic Systems Division-Ford files, Technical Study #3, mathematics publications, Jet Propulsion Laboratory reports, files on Betulia, Icarus, Geographos, and Jupiter IX and XII, Minor Planet Center Notices, and notes on navigation.","This series consists of oversize drawings and calculations, including rectilinear tables, the nonimal system, and navigational drawings."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarbold, Norris B. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Log of Air Navigation\u003c/title\u003e. San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMechanics\u003c/title\u003e.Edited by N.C. Lind. Compiled and produced by American Academy of Mechanics, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMechanics\u003c/title\u003e.Edited by N.C. Lind. Compiled and produced by American Academy of Mechanics, 1971.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following publications have been separated to the Rare Book Collection:","Harbold, Norris B. The Log of Air Navigation . San Antonio: The Naylor Company, 1970.","Mechanics .Edited by N.C. Lind. Compiled and produced by American Academy of Mechanics, 1970.","Mechanics .Edited by N.C. Lind. Compiled and produced by American Academy of Mechanics, 1971."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_acc4d01cb676f92a1d153a36c3fb189e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSamuel Herrick was an astronomer who specialized in celestial mechanics, generally recognized as the founder of the field of astrodynamics. His papers consist of correspondence, notes, drafts of publications, files relating to students and courses, and reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences. Other highlights include Herrick's consulting files for projects such as NASA's Project Mercury, the film \"\"The Day the Earth Stood Still\" (1951), and private industry. This collection is part of the Archives of American Aerospace Exploration at Virginia Tech.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Samuel Herrick was an astronomer who specialized in celestial mechanics, generally recognized as the founder of the field of astrodynamics. His papers consist of correspondence, notes, drafts of publications, files relating to students and courses, and reprints of the works of others in astronomy and space sciences. Other highlights include Herrick's consulting files for projects such as NASA's Project Mercury, the film \"\"The Day the Earth Stood Still\" (1951), and private industry. This collection is part of the Archives of American Aerospace Exploration at Virginia Tech."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4fc81cde4ab25c82e0187aaee248b2b7\"\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePlease note:\u003c/emph\u003e This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Please note: This collection is in off-site storage and requires 2-3 days notice for retrieval. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Herrick, Samuel, 1911-1974"],"language_ssim":["Most of the materials in this collection are in English. Some materials in Series VI. Professional Societies, Series VII. Publications, and Series XI. Subject Files are in French, German, Russian, Italian, Dutch, Portuguese, or Japanese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2166,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:14:48.260Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1323_c08_c03"}},{"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c15","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"15. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick, scanner ready copy \n 1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c15#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02_c15","ref_ssm":["viu_viu02732_c02_c15"],"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c15","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n \n 1980-1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n \n 1980-1997"],"text":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n \n 1980-1997","15. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick, scanner ready copy \n 1992","Box 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"15. \n A Conservative View by\n James J. Kilpatrick, scanner ready copy \n 1992","title_ssm":["15. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick, scanner ready copy \n 1992"],"title_tesim":["15. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick, scanner ready copy \n 1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick, scanner ready copy \n 1992"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":23,"containers_ssim":["Box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#14","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:35:10.999Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu02732","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu02732.xml","title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["6626-s"],"text":["6626-s","The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","ca. 450 items (2\n Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n feet)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged chronologically by subject.","James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n Richmond News Leader ,\n television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n columnist.","This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n The Foxes' Union ;\n correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n National Geographic Traveler ,\n concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n Writer's Art.\"","See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","This collection consists of James\n J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n correspondence.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["6626-s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were given to the University of Virginia\n Library by James J. Kilpatrick on June 8, 1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 450 items (2\n Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n feet)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/title\u003e,\n television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n columnist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n Richmond News Leader ,\n television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n columnist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick Papers, 1908, 1963-1997,\n Accession #6626-s, Special Collections Department,\n University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick Papers, 1908, 1963-1997,\n Accession #6626-s, Special Collections Department,\n University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the additional papers of James\n J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Foxes' Union\u003c/title\u003e;\n correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNational Geographic Traveler\u003c/title\u003e,\n concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n Writer's Art.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n The Foxes' Union ;\n correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n National Geographic Traveler ,\n concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n Writer's Art.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of James\n J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n correspondence.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of James\n J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n correspondence."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:35:10.999Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c15"}},{"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c15","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"15. Banner with Political Buttons, etc. \n \n 1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c15#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12_c15","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01993_c12_c15"],"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c15","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"text":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA","15. Banner with Political Buttons, etc. \n \n 1955","Box 301"],"title_filing_ssi":"15. Banner with Political Buttons, etc. \n \n 1955","title_ssm":["15. Banner with Political Buttons, etc. \n \n 1955"],"title_tesim":["15. Banner with Political Buttons, etc. \n \n 1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["15. Banner with Political Buttons, etc. \n \n 1955"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2357,"containers_ssim":["Box 301"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#14","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01993","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01993.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9973"],"text":["9973","Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","The papers of Homer\n Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items.","There are no restrictions.","GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n of the series: \n I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n 207-233) \n V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n prints file) \n XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n XII. Memorabilia \n XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n 1939-1956 \n XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n XIX. Motion Picture Films \n XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n place first, followed by the other family members in\n alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n within each folder are in chronological order. \n 1. \n Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n 2. \n Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n 1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n 3. \n May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n 4. \n Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n 1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n and son. \n 5. \n Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n 1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n Cummings, and to her estate. \n 6. \n Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n death. \n 7. \n Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n 1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n corresponded with many political leaders and government\n officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n Walker. \n This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n 1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n Wilson. \n In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930. \n The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n 1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n 1. \n General Correspondence File :\n Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n file of their own. \n This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n politics, and general interest in national and international\n affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n folders. \n Of particular interest is correspondence between\n Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n Roosevelt. \n 2. \n Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n order: \n a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n secretaries. \n c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n in international affairs, and the World Court. \n A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n speeches about crime control and the administration of\n criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n judicial reorganization. \n A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n the presidential campaign of 1936. \n Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n that the second series is not complete even for its year\n range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n chronologically. \n 2. \n Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n he discussed his political and official activities including\n meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n contain many political references as well. There is also a\n travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n 2. \n Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n 1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n 1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n on these last two projects. \n Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n participated in historic events and associated with many other\n powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n would find them very useful. \n The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n Morgenthau. \n Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n and government, describing various Democratic National\n Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n particular contains several references to events in the years\n 1832-1937. \n ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n 1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n arranged chronologically. \n ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n 1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n 1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n correspondence, 1934-1938. \n ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n 1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n 1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n as attorney general, including: participation in national\n conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n was attorney general. \n The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n The second portion of the collection, the personal\n photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n The final portion of the collection contains\n photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n albums. \n A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n other relatives. \n ","The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n 1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n famous case of \n State V. Harold Israel in which\n he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n 1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n Liberty Under Law and\n Administration (1934); \n Federal Justice , with Carl\n McFarland (1937); \n We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n 1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.","The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n the material in the first category was generated by his\n service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n around party politics, national affairs, and various\n individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n corresponded with many government officials, political\n leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n working relationship between the two men and highlights\n Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n Federal Justice and \n The Biography of a Department ,\n correspondence about these books and \n The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n that is another valuable resource for students of\n twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n and telegrams. \n Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n 1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n 83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n 91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n the American Legion","See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["9973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were a gift to the library from Professor\n Carl McFarland, School of Law, University of Virginia, on\n 14 December 1976. They were originally deposited in the\n library on 21 June and 26 July 1974."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The papers of Homer\n Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n of the series: \n I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n 207-233) \n V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n prints file) \n XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n XII. Memorabilia \n XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n 1939-1956 \n XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n XIX. Motion Picture Films \n XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n place first, followed by the other family members in\n alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n within each folder are in chronological order. \n 1. \n Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n 2. \n Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n 1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n 3. \n May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n 4. \n Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n 1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n and son. \n 5. \n Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n 1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n Cummings, and to her estate. \n 6. \n Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n death. \n 7. \n Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n 1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n corresponded with many political leaders and government\n officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n Walker. \n This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n 1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n Wilson. \n In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930. \n The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n 1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n 1. \n General Correspondence File :\n Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n file of their own. \n This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n politics, and general interest in national and international\n affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n folders. \n Of particular interest is correspondence between\n Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n Roosevelt. \n 2. \n Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n order: \n a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n secretaries. \n c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n in international affairs, and the World Court. \n A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n speeches about crime control and the administration of\n criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n judicial reorganization. \n A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n the presidential campaign of 1936. \n Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n that the second series is not complete even for its year\n range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n chronologically. \n 2. \n Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n he discussed his political and official activities including\n meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n contain many political references as well. There is also a\n travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n 2. \n Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n 1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n 1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n on these last two projects. \n Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n participated in historic events and associated with many other\n powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n would find them very useful. \n The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n Morgenthau. \n Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n and government, describing various Democratic National\n Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n particular contains several references to events in the years\n 1832-1937. \n ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n 1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n arranged chronologically. \n ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n 1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n 1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n correspondence, 1934-1938. \n ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n 1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n 1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n as attorney general, including: participation in national\n conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n was attorney general. \n The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n The second portion of the collection, the personal\n photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n The final portion of the collection contains\n photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n albums. \n A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n other relatives. \n "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n D. Lockwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n 1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n famous case of \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eState V. Harold Israel\u003c/title\u003ein which\n he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n 1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n at the Connecticut State Prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n valuable that the president asked him to remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n judicial system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n court-packing measure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was the author of four books: \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLiberty Under Law and\n Administration\u003c/title\u003e(1934); \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e, with Carl\n McFarland (1937); \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWe Can Prevent Crime\u003c/title\u003e(1937); and\n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Tired Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1939) as well as\n numerous articles and speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n and Omicron Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n 1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n 1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n famous case of \n State V. Harold Israel in which\n he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n 1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n Liberty Under Law and\n Administration (1934); \n Federal Justice , with Carl\n McFarland (1937); \n We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n 1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n 9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n 9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n court-packing struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n the material in the first category was generated by his\n service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n around party politics, national affairs, and various\n individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second group of political papers primarily relate to\n Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n corresponded with many government officials, political\n leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n working relationship between the two men and highlights\n Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n travel diaries, are also found here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe many speeches and articles included in the collection\n reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003eand \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Biography of a Department\u003c/title\u003e,\n correspondence about these books and \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Selected Letters of Homer S.\n Cummings\u003c/title\u003e, and research material for projected books on\n military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n that is another valuable resource for students of\n twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence deals with capture of this\n dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n investigation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n trials in Russia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBenjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHarry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles Devens (1877-1881) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJohn W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJudson Harmon (1895-1897) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePhilander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLevi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJoseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJames C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWaynes McVeagh (1881) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H. Moody (1904-1906) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Olney (1893-1895) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Rush (1814-1817) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAlphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge H. Williams (1872-1875) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n and telegrams. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 1-7 (Box 284)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 8-13 (Box 285)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 14-18 (Box 286)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 19-24 (Box 287)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 25-30 (Box 288)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 31-36 (Box 289)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 37-41 (Box 290)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 42-46 (Box 291)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 47-52 (Box 292)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 53-57 (Box 293)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 58-60 (Box 294)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n newspaper clippings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n newspaper clippings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n 1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n 83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n 91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n sympathy cards)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n public support.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n last May.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n Head, Speak.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstallation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n the American Legion\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n the material in the first category was generated by his\n service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n around party politics, national affairs, and various\n individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n corresponded with many government officials, political\n leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n working relationship between the two men and highlights\n Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n Federal Justice and \n The Biography of a Department ,\n correspondence about these books and \n The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n that is another valuable resource for students of\n twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n and telegrams. \n Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n 1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n 83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n 91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n the American Legion"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2709,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eGENERAL BACKGROUND\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n of the series: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n 207-233) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eV. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eX. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n prints file) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXII. Memorabilia \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n 1939-1956 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIX. Motion Picture Films \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDESCRIPTION OF SERIES\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eSeries I: Family Papers\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of general personal correspondence\n and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n place first, followed by the other family members in\n alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n within each folder are in chronological order. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHomer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n 1890-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This group includes correspondence re:\n personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAudie S. Cummings, Papers,\n 1921-1925\u003c/emph\u003e: This group of correspondence and papers of\n Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMay Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Letters\n of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n 1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n and son. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHelen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n 1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955\u003c/emph\u003e: This material\n relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n Cummings, and to her estate. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eJulia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This papers include\n correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n death. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMarguerite T. Owings Cummings\n (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Most of these papers\n concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Political Papers to 1933,\n 1899-1933\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series includes correspondence and papers on the\n following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n corresponded with many political leaders and government\n officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n Walker. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n 1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n Wilson. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIn addition to the political correspondence, there are\n papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n 1933-1956\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eGeneral Correspondence File\u003c/emph\u003e:\n Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n file of their own. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n politics, and general interest in national and international\n affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n folders. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOf particular interest is correspondence between\n Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n Roosevelt. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMiscellaneous Papers\u003c/emph\u003e. This is\n an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n order: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eb) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n secretaries. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ec) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ed) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Speeches and Articles\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSpeeches, 1886-1950\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSpeeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n in international affairs, and the World Court. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n speeches about crime control and the administration of\n criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n judicial reorganization. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n the presidential campaign of 1936. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n that the second series is not complete even for its year\n range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles, 1918-1945\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings'\n articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. Literary Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDiaries, 1919-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings\n kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n he discussed his political and official activities including\n meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n contain many political references as well. There is also a\n travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLiterary Papers, 1750-1953\u003c/emph\u003e:\n This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n 1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n 1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n on these last two projects. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTwo card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n participated in historic events and associated with many other\n powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAll but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n would find them very useful. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFrom the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n Morgenthau. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBesides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n and government, describing various Democratic National\n Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n particular contains several references to events in the years\n 1832-1937. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n 1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n arranged chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n 1892-1953\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThere are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n 1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n correspondence, 1934-1938. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMany excellent photographs, of a personal and\n professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n 1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n 1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n as attorney general, including: participation in national\n conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n was attorney general. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe second portion of the collection, the personal\n photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe final portion of the collection contains\n photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n albums. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n other relatives. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c15"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.5: Branch Records","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records","1.5: Branch Records","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections)."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.5: Branch Records","title_ssm":["1.5: Branch Records"],"title_tesim":["1.5: Branch Records"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["c.1960s-1990s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1954-2013"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1954/2013, bulk 1960/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.5: Branch Records"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":108,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":399,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such."],"date_range_isim":[1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Sub-Series Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_157.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/157","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1937-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"text":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157","Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries.","Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.","This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives","Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.","Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff","Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.3. Circulation Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.5. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.5. Web Archives\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Notes on Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/1939-sit-in\"\u003eMore details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/about-us#timeline\"\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8c5ffb42-5524-4dc7-a8b4-a73f7efd331e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|894c2868-34c0-45cb-bbd7-b6116cb9124d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2775e1f7-a255-42c9-bb05-66ec592b14d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|f0eba518-9a04-4088-93a1-f0cd5291c627/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9ab292a5-45ac-48a7-8149-b59f50daf32d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2988ea9f-6da2-4aab-9e64-25c5f5ccba22/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a960a00f-aef4-4102-a090-28ef0e774a1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e07d27c-0667-496c-9fc9-a759401ea84b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dd86645-aee7-4dc0-a448-8b1a366ca43d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7289215-eaca-4f70-9db5-d618c4b4268c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aaecee73-770b-4dc0-a5fb-ad424505e3af/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8f393379-c7c0-4289-aa97-126c07454c2d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|65ba51a6-9980-437c-a0a8-9b812c7bcc1e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3cb9e051-78a0-4171-b705-aa095bc9dc16/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e3006d3f-5648-4960-bfb3-9cde4dbd0ef8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa233c09-5939-412e-ac97-bde4def034fd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b99e3355-3be7-4288-a295-1b89032f8de2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42d1f5cf-e5b5-4129-abf6-30490e68519e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|32b50591-64c3-4030-995c-1b642c546c40/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|59d54aa3-37dd-419e-897c-f610719602b7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b5be668b-4c36-4186-8982-c16a1e229d20/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5508d012-7643-425b-9b49-31611b2325d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d3219ad0-703a-41e9-8972-5bfbaed888fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d2bc9b53-ce4d-4869-b028-4ef1fcb073d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b85331ca-2989-4d5f-a470-b747374c2e26/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|54f81cf7-7e77-4afc-86f0-85ee02d37d9d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|90873c83-9782-4565-bbf8-4ed37cdb2e30/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8e9971ee-f82c-4f42-a701-f3c0fd9ed4d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7d24ac36-712a-4d1b-a5c3-39689988ba89/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3898e720-d3d6-4504-aa3c-6ced13f46f0a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c930dfaa-faf1-4aaf-802c-aa69bc9d0255/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42ee1234-2a7a-4586-b695-537409ca618d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b1455d2e-d41b-4e0b-a840-cddafdb00d1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|939d736b-20ce-4597-91fd-b898bae33ee8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa0f3389-f894-4fd8-8646-a6279a20e2e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bd555e9e-6bd1-4deb-ae8e-29fac38fa0f3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|24ecb5a1-ca62-43cd-82dc-58e78eb5b0a6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd71f510-2900-4932-b5c8-773d356aa74d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|46aa3cbc-c3ca-428b-a3eb-9f864ded1fbe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a1b1a124-cb67-4004-8a52-cabc0540ba50/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|156e31ad-c793-4d9f-95e2-593309eba75f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d5866300-0f94-4c3e-be37-bfafcd4df310/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e7f934e4-04aa-4a51-9c3a-696a98984e7b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cd7d450f-3958-4cfa-a637-a8e9b5f9a32e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78bf04d9-2a23-43c7-9f14-b6a1b23cacad/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a5f9bab-d6c2-4194-ba71-5b17d55f7a72/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a9ddda38-eeb7-4fdc-946b-729494c91c2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a453d9f-7d9f-4a8b-8204-d513852f7af7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37d51356-2123-4ac7-bcf3-9428ed029bd3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9d4ae49-f62c-4abe-b5ce-d23640fbc58c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37dc006e-c5f4-459a-bffb-17c61fc31ccf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684bd62b-8c67-4e5b-a1ba-c1e58e3f39d7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac73a1cb-67b8-4866-9499-bc01d4094795/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2a3c6321-c868-4e7e-8ac4-50406bc2364f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5c81d4b1-2478-4441-a007-6e226a86dc57/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4f88a2f1-2c40-4dff-8ea4-7d619258ddf2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9eea9153-d572-49d3-89e6-5dde9c707fb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8d26fcf8-3240-42a3-980a-5a9b5c36a799/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_5f5caa20-94ee-4a8c-aa92-4846b9d4bb06/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2ccfcc8f-1750-4827-93e5-a48b087f848e/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_57f3ac3b-1b71-4822-b7ab-d385c0745fd6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3f9debd1-c9cd-4829-9c4d-faeff29054eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2a03f7ca-b38c-4d5a-806a-44e43d2cd07f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3cd4c4fd-ac94-4ecd-8b1c-ebbf68947ebf/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_377eaa24-a27b-4ab8-b9d7-e646dd0acd04/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e8c1dbe2-0cd7-4630-8fa7-7c0a3600b2ba/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ad33be2f-988d-46dc-8af1-7570646ec86c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c807fe07-5c93-4f45-b127-f34f69792d14/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1050a027-9948-4d50-a0b8-9ad8209ddf43/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9de17d10-3ff9-4b7a-8ada-bcb8516bbf44/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0ddb12b6-9660-4beb-8c3e-1cddf6dbc5d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_92648e88-c666-4240-ba23-b63f38c2f7f5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_baeb425f-988d-4260-b03d-42f14f27ed35/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3dd28149-ff59-4338-9377-3b57908d60be/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_306e35f6-f6e4-4dc8-881f-de7789226254/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d923bbd1-f787-40e4-b734-fe774de9d671/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_16446faa-6fa3-438c-8d22-508fb5086ea4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a4d69cb1-8bfa-4dcf-9fe3-8aba298089ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2de9865f-5bba-4df1-823e-09dc3854550b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_81823870-b373-467a-bcbd-6da2615b67fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_757b7a02-74da-4f7d-b452-452b6a1b03d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08c3f44c-3a27-41ef-84b3-8d1119221242/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08826eda-2d9f-487b-bafe-033492030b15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfb5087b-4b70-4dd6-9ce5-47eab9f8cbb4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e11f0483-c0ae-4bb1-8f7b-5ce0309bcd1a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1cb336fd-b790-463d-8428-0107d1fb51ed/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a98401b5-cece-43b1-8b86-13ae83f2d5d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7217f04a-471e-4390-947d-d79144bf6bf3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b4694a54-c2de-4ce3-a020-1a42ec6dea9c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36e0020f-b6e2-4a1e-b595-22b71499d4a3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6fc46310-c142-46af-b700-3c65782a67ad/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3bce1e32-92ea-40ce-b685-781487e455bb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_be6795b0-32eb-4cde-b3e0-f0a64366f38a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_62d33928-cff8-4acc-a43b-ee03a0f65e9b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9c0e9d98-b00d-4205-866c-8bd43f29d524/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_63d1c489-23ca-4587-b414-46d48961c2f9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0216e8ce-4243-4cca-9aa6-9abcc56d58ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_517ff26e-273c-4573-b8aa-aa627c5b0ebc/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_29801f28-6292-4b61-872d-b43c8b6d06c9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c6c9bafe-52e9-433f-8661-0018a88bc75d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b66676d3-9a94-46c8-a6ea-15307467d6f8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9a91b309-7768-4318-96f1-3cfbcbebfd01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_047cc9f1-21a6-4413-9fad-423b2a6b1287/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9def87fa-923f-42aa-91d4-d523b217572c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b600ef6a-88a3-4b9c-bf74-544ff932504c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_41f7a306-87ba-4f8d-8bcb-0b1e585beab4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_df338f73-4e79-4e24-ab1a-a79f6a7173ab/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e7ad605a-1b53-4cc0-8c0e-19e79b6eae27/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d4b38950-b6fc-4069-a664-af4b1ce0f9d3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7df4a52c-ca65-42cb-8c2c-09b723adf9b1/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0f521b29-f4d6-4302-8cd8-a1eac6f300e2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6c25b7fa-1db7-42c9-8948-7d3805eb7108/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_24877cf2-aa65-4b49-aaee-e15fe97595e6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3631fba4-c057-4cf9-bbaa-5dda3f2aba99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36a3db3c-3fdc-4d8f-8605-6b19ca02bbcb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_489cc776-71f8-4e02-9e21-c1c0a4f3d7eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e132f549-c44e-400d-802b-1e0b138dfd87/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a3fc3610-a308-41bd-b18d-1d646c686c93/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ecc756a-5465-41dc-aa80-9bbe20a4e035/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_412c87c9-163e-4d24-9357-34df2d5b2e13/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_86226d16-3485-4c02-9899-416b154faf4f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d71c63e2-497e-4148-895e-76585974cc7f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1e293ccb-6685-4d42-8754-46ad7af35cd5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_98258815-7f00-4c3f-9d17-c541d81a5b0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cec40410-d1be-4bb0-9bab-39f7f1862657/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a69eac6f-09a7-4ee9-8824-29f6b50aaa7c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d2489d87-1587-457a-9a0f-c6f94c163579/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0d92ea83-e458-4751-9063-9fb3bd142972/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_f99b2dd5-b7a3-4b07-a02c-f4841a44a8d0/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8273f353-7452-4a28-87e0-ce616e9f2824/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c3e2b27f-4697-4fc4-a5ab-bde61ba57cc5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_bfbbea77-dbaa-4eef-9079-275157ebaf30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_65863205-3ff9-4761-84af-7761f2975e01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1691260a-b4bd-4744-85e2-d1169db31b74/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfaf4395-77de-4b9b-b77b-05a456df6544/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|18e5b879-6f2c-4dc3-89e5-443adff9d573/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_82a998a6-8b94-42a9-8a79-1581409e01ca/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c56c7e77-c8f4-4e70-97bc-7514347c11a8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7002486d-6012-4b1e-8b7b-cb949e624ef4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0aa7d5cd-e501-4cba-a140-9205abd05e15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_15a41923-5fd3-454c-99bc-2c496ecd248d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_4f02dfee-b8f7-4fde-abd1-6f3963571a2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e165e654-085c-4d9b-bf5e-786ed83b6f30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|469929aa-96de-404c-b28a-dad33a3fbf61/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd1b19e2-354f-4a0a-b8cb-b7972dfd577d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e4d695b7-bcb3-4de9-a6da-69868a468dc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a27070eb-8bbd-40f6-a778-8a6a471dab0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4b87dab3-2ee7-4afd-acd2-c600aa643096/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|95a9052a-3434-468e-a53e-310b85f4798c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7df764bf-7bf5-4d68-9f36-283a4bd781fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/20256\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://alexlibraryva.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.facebook.com/AlexLibraryVA/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://instagram.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://twitter.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.youtube.com/@AlexandriaLibrary\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://outofthestacks.com/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Alexandria-Library-Foundation/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://beatleyfriends.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.friendsofduncanlibrary.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Other Finding Aids","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital image","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital image.","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library Board Records\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128\"\u003eAlexandria Library Company Records (MS002)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFacebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYoutube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnline donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntranet website for Alexandria Library staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Series Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Description","Content Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"persname_ssim":["Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c06","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.5: Damages\n 1964","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c06"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00017","vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00017","vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999","1: Subject Files \n \n 1960-1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999","1: Subject Files \n \n 1960-1995"],"text":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999","1: Subject Files \n \n 1960-1995","1.5: Damages\n 1964","Carton \n 4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Damages 1964","title_ssm":["1.5: Damages\n 1964"],"title_tesim":["1.5: Damages\n 1964"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.5: Damages\n 1964"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":7,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00017.xml","title_ssm":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"title_tesim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["017\n"],"text":["017\n","A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999",".","Collection is open to research.\n","Asbury Christian Compton (October 24, 1929 – April 9, 2006) was an American attorney and judge who served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1974 until 2000, and as a Senior justice until his death.","Compton was a native of Ashland in Hanover County, Virginia, and graduated from Ashland High School in 1946. Compton earned his B.A. in history and politics from Washington and Lee in 1950 and his LL.B. from the Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1953. While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the Cotillion Club.","Compton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953-1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953-1961. He practiced law in Richmond with May, Garrett, Miller, Newman and Compton from 1957-1966.","In 1966, Gov. Mills Godwin appointed Compton to the Law \u0026 Equity Court of the City of Richmond and then to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1974. The General Assembly re-elected him to another term in 1987. He retired from the Supreme Court in February 2000 and began service as a senior justice.","Compton maintained strong ties to Washington and Lee throughout his career. He served as president of the Alumni Association from 1972-1973. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws from his alma mater in 1975. He served member of the Board of Trustees from 1978-1989. He selected most of his law clerks from the top graduates of Washington and Lee School of Law.","Compton was married to Betty Stephenson Compton for 52 years until his death. They had three daughters-Leigh Compton Kiczales, Mary Compton Psyllos, Melissa Compton Patterson; and eight grandsons. (Source: Wikipedia, 5 October 2016.)","The A. Christian Compton Papers consist of four record cartons of subject files and three record cartons of his Supreme Court of Virginia case files. Much of the subject files deal with Compton's service to his alma mater, Washington and Lee University, as a board member and as an active alumnus. The case files contain appeal documents with an occasional newspaper clipping or letter.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Powell Archives stacks\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["017\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"collection_ssim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"creator_ssm":["A. Christian Compton\n"],"creator_ssim":["A. Christian Compton\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["From the estate of A. Christian Compton.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["7 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["7 cubic feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAsbury Christian Compton (October 24, 1929 \u0026#x2013; April 9, 2006) was an American attorney and judge who served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1974 until 2000, and as a Senior justice until his death.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCompton was a native of Ashland in Hanover County, Virginia, and graduated from Ashland High School in 1946. Compton earned his B.A. in history and politics from Washington and Lee in 1950 and his LL.B. from the Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1953. While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the Cotillion Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953-1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953-1961. He practiced law in Richmond with May, Garrett, Miller, Newman and Compton from 1957-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, Gov. Mills Godwin appointed Compton to the Law \u0026amp; Equity Court of the City of Richmond and then to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1974. The General Assembly re-elected him to another term in 1987. He retired from the Supreme Court in February 2000 and began service as a senior justice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompton maintained strong ties to Washington and Lee throughout his career. He served as president of the Alumni Association from 1972-1973. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws from his alma mater in 1975. He served member of the Board of Trustees from 1978-1989. He selected most of his law clerks from the top graduates of Washington and Lee School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompton was married to Betty Stephenson Compton for 52 years until his death. They had three daughters-Leigh Compton Kiczales, Mary Compton Psyllos, Melissa Compton Patterson; and eight grandsons. (Source: Wikipedia, 5 October 2016.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Asbury Christian Compton (October 24, 1929 – April 9, 2006) was an American attorney and judge who served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1974 until 2000, and as a Senior justice until his death.","Compton was a native of Ashland in Hanover County, Virginia, and graduated from Ashland High School in 1946. Compton earned his B.A. in history and politics from Washington and Lee in 1950 and his LL.B. from the Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1953. While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the Cotillion Club.","Compton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953-1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953-1961. He practiced law in Richmond with May, Garrett, Miller, Newman and Compton from 1957-1966.","In 1966, Gov. Mills Godwin appointed Compton to the Law \u0026 Equity Court of the City of Richmond and then to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1974. The General Assembly re-elected him to another term in 1987. He retired from the Supreme Court in February 2000 and began service as a senior justice.","Compton maintained strong ties to Washington and Lee throughout his career. He served as president of the Alumni Association from 1972-1973. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws from his alma mater in 1975. He served member of the Board of Trustees from 1978-1989. He selected most of his law clerks from the top graduates of Washington and Lee School of Law.","Compton was married to Betty Stephenson Compton for 52 years until his death. They had three daughters-Leigh Compton Kiczales, Mary Compton Psyllos, Melissa Compton Patterson; and eight grandsons. (Source: Wikipedia, 5 October 2016.)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA. Christian Compton Papers, Ms 017,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, Ms 017,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe A. Christian Compton Papers consist of four record cartons of subject files and three record cartons of his Supreme Court of Virginia case files. Much of the subject files deal with Compton's service to his alma mater, Washington and Lee University, as a board member and as an active alumnus. The case files contain appeal documents with an occasional newspaper clipping or letter.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The A. Christian Compton Papers consist of four record cartons of subject files and three record cartons of his Supreme Court of Virginia case files. Much of the subject files deal with Compton's service to his alma mater, Washington and Lee University, as a board member and as an active alumnus. The case files contain appeal documents with an occasional newspaper clipping or letter.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Storage Location\"\u003ePowell Archives stacks\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Powell Archives stacks\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c06"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.5 Other Print Work","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01_c05"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01","parent_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers","Series 1: Original Work"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers","Series 1: Original Work"],"text":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers","Series 1: Original Work","1.5 Other Print Work"],"title_filing_ssi":"1.5 Other Print Work","title_ssm":["1.5 Other Print Work"],"title_tesim":["1.5 Other Print Work"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.5 Other Print Work"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":27,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":155,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is opern for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:33:44.920Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Larsen, Carl E. \"Chick\", papers","title_ssm":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers"],"title_tesim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-1989, undated","1960-1980"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1960-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-1989, undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M.417","/repositories/5/resources/655"],"text":["M.417","/repositories/5/resources/655","Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers","This collection is opern for research.","The collection is arranged into three series, Series 1: Original Work, Series 2: Correspondence and Personal Materials, and Series 3: Bound Publications.","Series 1: Original Work is subdivided into 5 subseries:\n1.1 Editorial Cartoons by Subject are undated final-draft editoral cartoons organized by primary subject. They are then arranged alphabetically in the finding aid for ease of discoverability. Physically they are arranged by subject and by size. Oversized materials are housed separately from smaller materials.\n1.2 Editorial Cartoons by Date are arranged chronologically.\n1.3 Editorial Cartoon Drafts are drafts of Larsen's editorial cartoons, filed alphabetically by subject.\n1.4 Other Original Work is cartoonist work from Larsen outside of his editorial cartoons, including RPI classwork, Carrier Toons, mock-ups, and sketches. They are arraned alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n1.5 Other Print Works are published copies of Larsen's original works, including book jackets and magazine covers, work for municipal governments, flyers, RPI publications, and newspaper clippings. They are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.","Series 2: Correpsondence and Personal Materials contains the correspondence of Chick Larsen, as well as a few family photographs. This series is arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","Series 3: Bound Publications contains bound materials such as conference programs, catalogs, and books. They are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen was born in Newport News, Virginia, on February 2 1923. He acquired the nickname \"Chicken,\" later shortened to \"Chick,\" after eating three whole chickens after a skating outing with friends when he was 18. During World War II he served as a water tender third class in the U.S. Navy on the USS Argon. He married Dorothy M. McCutcheon in May 1944 and worked as a machinist in Newport News after the war. The Larsens had three children Carl Daniel, Karen, and Barbara. In 1950, the family moved to Richmond, Virginia, where Chick enrolled in the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), graduating in 1954 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Commercial Art. ","Chick Larsen is best known for his editorial work, much of which appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch during his tenure at the newspaper, beginning as a staff artist in 1951. He was made an editorial cartoonist in 1968 and remained so until 1977 when he was appointed graphics presentation manager in the advertising department for Richmond Newspapers, Inc. His \"Carrier Toons\" strip was syndicated in Sunday newspapers from 1978 to 1986, and his work was featured on magazine ad book covers. He retired in 1988 and died in April 1991.","The collection primarily contains Larsen's editorial and other cartoon works from his time with the Richmond Times-Dispatch . This includes final copies as well as drafts and sketches of ideas. There are also newspaper copies of many of these works, particularly his \"Carrier Toons\" series. \nThe remainder of the collection is a small selection of correspondence, materials from his time as a student at Richmond Professional Institute, other professional work outside of his career as a cartoonist, and industry publications.","There are no restrictions","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M.417","/repositories/5/resources/655"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers"],"collection_ssim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara"],"creator_ssim":["Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara"],"creators_ssim":["Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.76 Linear Feet and one oversize drawer."],"extent_tesim":["13.76 Linear Feet and one oversize drawer."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is opern for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is opern for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series, Series 1: Original Work, Series 2: Correspondence and Personal Materials, and Series 3: Bound Publications.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Original Work is subdivided into 5 subseries:\n1.1 Editorial Cartoons by Subject are undated final-draft editoral cartoons organized by primary subject. They are then arranged alphabetically in the finding aid for ease of discoverability. Physically they are arranged by subject and by size. Oversized materials are housed separately from smaller materials.\n1.2 Editorial Cartoons by Date are arranged chronologically.\n1.3 Editorial Cartoon Drafts are drafts of Larsen's editorial cartoons, filed alphabetically by subject.\n1.4 Other Original Work is cartoonist work from Larsen outside of his editorial cartoons, including RPI classwork, Carrier Toons, mock-ups, and sketches. They are arraned alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n1.5 Other Print Works are published copies of Larsen's original works, including book jackets and magazine covers, work for municipal governments, flyers, RPI publications, and newspaper clippings. They are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correpsondence and Personal Materials contains the correspondence of Chick Larsen, as well as a few family photographs. This series is arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Bound Publications contains bound materials such as conference programs, catalogs, and books. They are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series, Series 1: Original Work, Series 2: Correspondence and Personal Materials, and Series 3: Bound Publications.","Series 1: Original Work is subdivided into 5 subseries:\n1.1 Editorial Cartoons by Subject are undated final-draft editoral cartoons organized by primary subject. They are then arranged alphabetically in the finding aid for ease of discoverability. Physically they are arranged by subject and by size. Oversized materials are housed separately from smaller materials.\n1.2 Editorial Cartoons by Date are arranged chronologically.\n1.3 Editorial Cartoon Drafts are drafts of Larsen's editorial cartoons, filed alphabetically by subject.\n1.4 Other Original Work is cartoonist work from Larsen outside of his editorial cartoons, including RPI classwork, Carrier Toons, mock-ups, and sketches. They are arraned alphabetically and chronologically therein.\n1.5 Other Print Works are published copies of Larsen's original works, including book jackets and magazine covers, work for municipal governments, flyers, RPI publications, and newspaper clippings. They are arranged alphabetically and chronologically therein.","Series 2: Correpsondence and Personal Materials contains the correspondence of Chick Larsen, as well as a few family photographs. This series is arranged alphabetically and then chronologically.","Series 3: Bound Publications contains bound materials such as conference programs, catalogs, and books. They are arranged alphabetically and then chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl E. \"Chick\" Larsen was born in Newport News, Virginia, on February 2 1923. He acquired the nickname \"Chicken,\" later shortened to \"Chick,\" after eating three whole chickens after a skating outing with friends when he was 18. During World War II he served as a water tender third class in the U.S. Navy on the USS Argon. He married Dorothy M. McCutcheon in May 1944 and worked as a machinist in Newport News after the war. The Larsens had three children Carl Daniel, Karen, and Barbara. In 1950, the family moved to Richmond, Virginia, where Chick enrolled in the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), graduating in 1954 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Commercial Art. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChick Larsen is best known for his editorial work, much of which appeared in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e during his tenure at the newspaper, beginning as a staff artist in 1951. He was made an editorial cartoonist in 1968 and remained so until 1977 when he was appointed graphics presentation manager in the advertising department for Richmond Newspapers, Inc. His \"Carrier Toons\" strip was syndicated in Sunday newspapers from 1978 to 1986, and his work was featured on magazine ad book covers. He retired in 1988 and died in April 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen was born in Newport News, Virginia, on February 2 1923. He acquired the nickname \"Chicken,\" later shortened to \"Chick,\" after eating three whole chickens after a skating outing with friends when he was 18. During World War II he served as a water tender third class in the U.S. Navy on the USS Argon. He married Dorothy M. McCutcheon in May 1944 and worked as a machinist in Newport News after the war. The Larsens had three children Carl Daniel, Karen, and Barbara. In 1950, the family moved to Richmond, Virginia, where Chick enrolled in the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), graduating in 1954 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Commercial Art. ","Chick Larsen is best known for his editorial work, much of which appeared in the Richmond Times-Dispatch during his tenure at the newspaper, beginning as a staff artist in 1951. He was made an editorial cartoonist in 1968 and remained so until 1977 when he was appointed graphics presentation manager in the advertising department for Richmond Newspapers, Inc. His \"Carrier Toons\" strip was syndicated in Sunday newspapers from 1978 to 1986, and his work was featured on magazine ad book covers. He retired in 1988 and died in April 1991."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers, 1950-1989, Collection # M 417, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Carl E. \"Chick\" Larsen papers, 1950-1989, Collection # M 417, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains Larsen's editorial and other cartoon works from his time with the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e. This includes final copies as well as drafts and sketches of ideas. There are also newspaper copies of many of these works, particularly his \"Carrier Toons\" series. \nThe remainder of the collection is a small selection of correspondence, materials from his time as a student at Richmond Professional Institute, other professional work outside of his career as a cartoonist, and industry publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection primarily contains Larsen's editorial and other cartoon works from his time with the Richmond Times-Dispatch . This includes final copies as well as drafts and sketches of ideas. There are also newspaper copies of many of these works, particularly his \"Carrier Toons\" series. \nThe remainder of the collection is a small selection of correspondence, materials from his time as a student at Richmond Professional Institute, other professional work outside of his career as a cartoonist, and industry publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Larsen, Barbara"],"persname_ssim":["Larsen, Carl Edgar\"Chick\" (1923 -1991)","Larsen, Barbara"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":199,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:33:44.920Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_655_c01_c05"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":53},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arlington Public Library","value":"Arlington Public Library","hits":750},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Arlington+Public+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County Historical Society","value":"Augusta County Historical Society","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+Historical+Society\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Christiansburg Institute Museum and Archives","value":"Christiansburg Institute Museum and Archives","hits":28},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Christiansburg+Institute+Museum+and+Archives\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":5094},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonial Williamsburg","value":"Colonial Williamsburg","hits":75},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center","value":"Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+Circuit+Court+Historic+Records+Center\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public Library","hits":83},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+County+Public+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":494},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":98},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"Glass Ceilings: Highlights from the International Archive of Women in Architecture Center,\" selected exhibit panels","value":"\"Glass Ceilings: Highlights from the International Archive of Women in Architecture Center,\" selected exhibit panels","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Glass+Ceilings%3A++Highlights+from+the+International+Archive+of+Women+in+Architecture+Center%2C%22+selected+exhibit+panels\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1867-1899","value":"1867-1899","hits":36},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=1867-1899\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Collection of the Professional and Personal Papers of Paul Neff Garber: The Garber Collection\n1899-1972","value":"A Collection of the Professional and Personal Papers of Paul Neff Garber: The Garber Collection\n1899-1972","hits":55},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Collection+of+the+Professional+and+Personal+Papers+of+Paul+Neff+Garber%3A+The+Garber+Collection%0A1899-1972\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter Roberts","value":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter Roberts","hits":44},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+To+the+Papers+of+Harry+Walter+Roberts\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Burton-Neighbors Addendums","value":"A Guide to Burton-Neighbors Addendums","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Burton-Neighbors+Addendums\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Congressman Richard Poff Collection","value":"A Guide to the Congressman Richard Poff Collection","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Congressman+Richard+Poff+Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Contents of the Huff Lane Elementary School Time Capsule","value":"A Guide to the Contents of the Huff Lane Elementary School Time Capsule","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Contents+of+the+Huff+Lane+Elementary+School+Time+Capsule\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Delta Omega Chapter of\n Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc., \n 1921,\n 1988","value":"A Guide to the Delta Omega Chapter of\n Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc., \n 1921,\n 1988","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Delta+Omega+Chapter+of%0A+++++++++Alpha+Kappa+Alpha+Sorority+Inc.%2C+%0A+++++++++1921%2C%0A+++++++++1988\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","value":"A Guide to the Department of Education, School Buildings Service, Architectural drawings and plans,\n1920-1970","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Department+of+Education%2C+School+Buildings+Service%2C+Architectural+drawings+and+plans%2C%0A1920-1970\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]","value":"A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor E. Lee Trinkle, \n1919-1929 [bulk 1922-1926]","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Executive+Papers+of+Governor+E.+Lee+Trinkle%2C+%0A1919-1929+%5Bbulk+1922-1926%5D\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930","value":"A Guide to the Executive Papers of Governor Harry F. Byrd, \n1926-1930","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Executive+Papers+of+Governor+Harry+F.+Byrd%2C+%0A1926-1930\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"994","value":"994","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=994\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"995","value":"995","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=995\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"996","value":"996","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=996\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"997","value":"997","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=997\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"998","value":"998","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=998\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"999","value":"999","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=999\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1000","value":"1000","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1001","value":"1001","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1001\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1002","value":"1002","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1002\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1003","value":"1003","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1003\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1004","value":"1004","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1004\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Beck Engraving Company","value":"Beck Engraving Company","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Beck+Engraving+Company\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bernard, Simon, 1779-1839","value":"Bernard, Simon, 1779-1839","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bernard%2C+Simon%2C+1779-1839\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Blanding, Magdalen Gordon, 1823-1885","value":"Blanding, Magdalen Gordon, 1823-1885","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Blanding%2C+Magdalen+Gordon%2C+1823-1885\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bowman, Bernard D.","value":"Bowman, Bernard D.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bowman%2C+Bernard+D.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","value":"Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Buffalo+Society+of+Natural+Sciences\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","value":"Chace, Abby Wheaton Pearce","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Chace%2C+Abby+Wheaton+Pearce\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cole, Fred Carrington","value":"Cole, Fred Carrington","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cole%2C+Fred+Carrington\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","value":"Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Comegys%2C+Harriet+Clayton%2C+1840-1927\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","value":"Couper, Wm. (William), 1884-1964","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Couper%2C+Wm.+%28William%29%2C+1884-1964\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","value":"Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cunningham%2C+Ann+Pamela%2C+1816-1875\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Davis, William W.","value":"Davis, William W.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Davis%2C+William+W.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\n Blackburn, Hon. Joseph E.","value":"\n Blackburn, Hon. Joseph E.","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++++++++Blackburn%2C+Hon.+Joseph+E.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n Bolling, Mrs. A. Stuart","value":"\n Bolling, Mrs. A. Stuart","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++++++++Bolling%2C+Mrs.+A.+Stuart\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n M[ining]","value":"\n M[ining]","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++++++++M%5Bining%5D\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n T[erritory]","value":"\n T[erritory]","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A++++++++++++++++++++++++T%5Berritory%5D\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n Alex[ander]","value":"\n Alex[ander]","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++Alex%5Bander%5D\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n B[enjamin]","value":"\n B[enjamin]","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++B%5Benjamin%5D\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n Brentano's","value":"\n Brentano's","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++Brentano%27s\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n Elizabeth","value":"\n Elizabeth","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++Elizabeth\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n F[rancis]co","value":"\n F[rancis]co","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++F%5Brancis%5Dco\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n Nath[anie]l","value":"\n Nath[anie]l","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++Nath%5Banie%5Dl\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"\n R[ichard]","value":"\n R[ichard]","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=%0A+++++++++++++++++++++R%5Bichard%5D\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Belvoir Mansion","value":"Belvoir Mansion","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Belvoir+Mansion\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bolton Building","value":"Bolton Building","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bolton+Building\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bowling Green Entrance","value":"Bowling Green Entrance","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bowling+Green+Entrance\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Central Passage","value":"Central Passage","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Central+Passage\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Circle Storehouse, Clerk's Quarters and Paint Cellar","value":"Circle Storehouse, Clerk's Quarters and Paint Cellar","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Circle+Storehouse%2C+Clerk%27s+Quarters+and+Paint+Cellar\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Coach House","value":"Coach House","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Coach+House\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colonnades","value":"Colonnades","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Colonnades\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cupola","value":"Cupola","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Cupola\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"East Lawn","value":"East Lawn","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=East+Lawn\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fredericksburg (Va.)","value":"Fredericksburg (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Fredericksburg+%28Va.%29\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Front Parlor","value":"Front Parlor","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Front+Parlor\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"American Bar Association","value":"American Bar Association","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=American+Bar+Association\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Bar Association. Young Lawyers Division","value":"American Bar Association. Young Lawyers Division","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=American+Bar+Association.+Young+Lawyers+Division\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bar associations","value":"Bar associations","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bar+associations\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Baseball","value":"Baseball","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Baseball\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Basketball","value":"Basketball","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Basketball\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Boats and boating","value":"Boats and boating","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Boats+and+boating\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Choral music","value":"Choral music","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Choral+music\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cross country","value":"Cross country","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cross+country\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"DVDs","value":"DVDs","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=DVDs\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dickey, James -- Correspondence","value":"Dickey, James -- Correspondence","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Dickey%2C+James+--+Correspondence\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dickey, James -- Deliverance (book)","value":"Dickey, James -- Deliverance (book)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Dickey%2C+James+--+Deliverance+%28book%29\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":72826},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":24},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=16\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}}]}