{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=14\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=13\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=15\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=7283\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":14,"next_page":15,"prev_page":13,"total_pages":7283,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":130,"total_count":72826,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vira_across-the-way_c01_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.3 Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vira_across-the-way_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vira_across-the-way_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["vira_across-the-way_c01_c03"],"id":"vira_across-the-way_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"vira_across-the-way","_root_":"vira_across-the-way","_nest_parent_":"vira_across-the-way_c01","parent_ssi":"vira_across-the-way_c01","parent_ssim":["vira_across-the-way","vira_across-the-way_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vira_across-the-way","vira_across-the-way_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016","1.Advertising/Promotional Material,\n2002-2016"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016","1.Advertising/Promotional Material,\n2002-2016"],"text":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016","1.Advertising/Promotional Material,\n2002-2016","1.3 Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival,",""],"title_filing_ssi":"1.3 Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival,","title_ssm":["1.3 Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival,"],"title_tesim":["1.3 Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2007-2015"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2007/2015"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.3 Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival,"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Radford University"],"collection_ssim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":28,"date_range_isim":[2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015],"language_ssim":[""],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:47:20.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vira_across-the-way","ead_ssi":"vira_across-the-way","_root_":"vira_across-the-way","_nest_parent_":"vira_across-the-way","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/ru/across-the-way.xml","title_ssm":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016"],"title_tesim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AC 035\n"],"text":["AC 035\n","Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016",".","Subject Terms\n Johnson, Erika Hodges,Kris Across the Way Productions, Inc. Floyd Fest Capital City Carnival and Microbew Fest Floyd Fandango Oddfella's Cantina The Phoenix--Across the Way Productions, Inc. Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival Virginia Wine Festival Virginia, Floyd Virginia, Roanoke Virginia, Southwest-- Music Festival","Collection is open to research.\n","Further additions to the collection are expected.\n","The records are arranged in chronological order with the exception of the live discs, which are arranged alphabetically in their respective binders in six series, all of which have been further organized into subseries. The series and subseries arrangement is as follows:\n","Series 1: Advertising/Promotional Material \n 1.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2016 1.2 Floyd Fandango, 2007-2016\n 1.3 Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival, 2007-2015 1.4 Virginia Wine Festival, 2009-2015 1.5 Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, 2016 1.6 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007 1.7 The Phoenix, 2006 \nSeries 2: Graphic Design for Festivals 2.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2016 2.2 Floyd Fandango, 2010-2016 2.3 Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival, 2006-2015 2.4 Virginia Wine Festival, 2009-2015 2.5 Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, Undated 2.6 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007 2.7 Accomplishments and Accolades, 2005-2011  \nSeries 3: Organization of the Festival 3.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2015 3.2 Floyd Fest Performers, 2004-2006 3.3 Floyd Fandango, Undated 3.4 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007  3.5 Sponsorship Information, 2002-2004 \nSeries 4: Newspaper Articles  4.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2015  \nSeries 5: Photographs and Multimedia  5.1 Assorted Photographs of Across the Way Productions Events, 2002-2014 5.2 Video Tapes, 2002-2003 5.3 Mini Discs, 2002 \nSeries 6: Live Discs  6.1 Commercial Collectors C.D's, 2002-2012 6.2 Miscellaneous C.D's, 2001-2012 6.3 Floyd Fest- July 26-29, 2007 6.4 Vintage Virginia, 2010 6.5 Fandango, 2010  6.6 Floyd Fest 8- July 23-26, 2009 6.7 Floyd Fest 7- July 24-27, 2008 6.8 Floyd Fest 9- July 22-25, 2010 6.9 Floyd Fest X- July 28- 31, 2011 6.10 Floyd Fest 11- July 26-29, 2012","Across the Way Productions, Inc. was founded in June 2000 by Kris Hodges in the town of Floyd, Virginia. His wife, Erika Johnson, was also opening her business, Oddfella's Cantina, simultaneously. The company was founded on the premise of bringing a world music festival to the town of Floyd, Virginia. The company sponsors events such as Floyd Fandango, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and much more. The company's most famous event is Floyd Fest, a music festival featuring artists from all over the globe, which takes place for 5 days each July. Oddfella's was sold in 2002 for funds to start Floyd Fest. Floyd Fandango is hosted near the fourth of July. Begun in 2009, it did not take place during the years 2012-2015, as the company needed time to make the festival more profitable. Floyd Fandango now draws crowds to the reimagined fest, which now includes outdoor sports and a farm to table dinner in addition to the staples of the festival- beer, cider, and wine tastings, workshops and performances by bands that also frequent Floyd Fest. The company expanded into Northern Virginia with its Capital Carnival and Microbrew Fest, the Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and the Virginia Wine Festival in 2007. Since the Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival had operated close to 3 decades, partnering with the event helped the company gain notoriety and establish themselves. In 2016, Across the Way Productions Inc. launched the Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, which featured Huey Lewis and The News, Blondie, and Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys' 50th Anniversary of the album \"Pet Sounds,\" that took place at Roanoke's Elmwood Park Amphitheater. Also in 2016, The Phoenix was started as a venue in Roanoke, Virginia. A nod to the battle of the bands format of the 80's and 90's, visitors to the Phoenix receive a token and votes for their favorite band at the end of the night. The winners of the battles go on to compete in Floyd Fests Annual On-The-Rise Artist Competition. The Phoenix battle of the bands competition was renewed for a second year and took place in 2017.\n","This collection features materials from Across the Way, Inc. located in Floyd, Virginia. It includes 5 linear inches of advertising material such as flyers, post cards, coasters and stickers for the events of Floyd Fest, Floyd Fandango, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival, Virginia Wine Festival, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series and The Phoenix, which were all created by the company 1.5 linear feet of oversize advertising materials are present in this collection. 5 linear inches of graphic designs for the events are included encompassing access, parking and camping passes and bracelets, tickets and schedule of events pamphlets. Also included with graphic materials are accomplishments and accolades of the company and its events such as a proclamation from the city of Roanoke. 3 linear inches of organization of the events created by the company are present in this collection and include job descriptions of staff, logistical details, business plans and other reports of that nature, catering plans, maps of the festivals grounds, performer travel and performance organization and FAQ information. 1,090 pictures show mainly daily happenings at various Floyd Fests, but also showcase Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and the Wine Down the Music Trail Festival and a trip to Ghana to search out talent for Floyd Fest. 1.5 linear feet of oversize photographs are also included in this collection. 2 linear inches of newspaper articles and clippings are also available in this collection and deal exclusively with Floyd Fest. These newspaper articles and clippings document the years of 2002-2015. There is approximately 1 linear foot of multimedia items in this collection that comprise of videos, mini discs and C.D.'s. Videotapes record live shows and show an interview with Kris Hodges on Virginia Tonight. Mini discs hold recordings of live performances as well. The C.D's account for 5 linear feet of the multimedia series and are of live performances done during various Floyd Fests and feature bands such as Donna the Buffalo, Trampling Turtles and African Showboys. As well as commercial C.D's produced from various Floyd Fests and other miscellaneous C.D's originally intended for private use.\n","Photographs of various activities from Floyd Fest and Capital City Carnival Events are housed in a folder and packed inside the box horizontally. Subjects of these photographs include Floyd Fest Field Day held on 6/22/02, various photographs from Floyd Fests 2002-2014, Capital City Carnival performances, pictures of a trip to Ghana, and photographs of the Wine Down the Music Trail Wine Festival in 2005. Photographs in sleeves are from the 2002 Floyd Fest (photographer Russ Helgren) and the Wine Down the Music Trail Wine Festival held in 2005. Folders denoting an OS mean that folder has been moved to an oversize box.","This subseries holds C.D's intended for private use that includes live performances and a graphics archive disc, which was created by Radford University Special Collections in April of 2017.","An appointment for research is required. The collection is open to research. No interlibrary loan. Access restricted in reference to financial information of Across the Way Productions.\n","Across the Way Productions Inc. was founded in 2002 by Kris Hodges and Erika Johnson. The two wished to create a world music festival in Floyd, Virginia and thus Floyd Fest began in September of 2002. This collection features materials from the events Floyd Fest, Floyd Fandango, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival, Virginia Wine Festival, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series and The Phoenix all created by Across the Way Productions, Inc. Materials include advertising/promotional items, graphic design elements, the organization and logistics of the events, newspaper clippings, photographs, videos, live discs and mini discs of the events.\n","Johnson, Erika","Hodges,Kris","Across the Way Productions, Inc.","Floyd Fest","Capital City Carnival and Microbew Fest","Floyd Fandango","Oddfella's Cantina","The Phoenix--Across the Way Productions, Inc.","Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series","Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival","Virginia Wine Festival","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["AC 035\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016"],"collection_title_tesim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016"],"collection_ssim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc., \n2002-2016"],"repository_ssm":["Radford University"],"repository_ssim":["Radford University"],"creator_ssm":["Across the Way Productions, Inc.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["9.5 Linear feet, 1,090 photographs, 3 mini discs, 6 videotapes, 5 linear feet of C.D's"],"extent_tesim":["9.5 Linear feet, 1,090 photographs, 3 mini discs, 6 videotapes, 5 linear feet of C.D's"],"indexes_html_tesm":["\u003cindex\u003e\n\u003chead\u003eSubject Terms\n\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eJohnson, Erika\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eHodges,Kris\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eAcross the Way Productions, Inc.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFloyd Fest\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eCapital City Carnival and Microbew Fest\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eFloyd Fandango\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eOddfella's Cantina\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eThe Phoenix--Across the Way Productions, Inc.\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eTotally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003cname\u003eVirginia Wine Festival\u003c/name\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003csubject\u003eVirginia, Floyd\u003c/subject\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003csubject\u003eVirginia, Roanoke\u003c/subject\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003cindexentry\u003e\n\u003csubject\u003eVirginia, Southwest-- Music Festival\u003c/subject\u003e\n\u003cref type=\"simple\"/\u003e\n\u003c/indexentry\u003e\n\u003c/index\u003e"],"indexes_tesim":["Subject Terms\n Johnson, Erika Hodges,Kris Across the Way Productions, Inc. Floyd Fest Capital City Carnival and Microbew Fest Floyd Fandango Oddfella's Cantina The Phoenix--Across the Way Productions, Inc. Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival Virginia Wine Festival Virginia, Floyd Virginia, Roanoke Virginia, Southwest-- Music Festival"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFurther additions to the collection are expected.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["Further additions to the collection are expected.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are arranged in chronological order with the exception of the live discs, which are arranged alphabetically in their respective binders in six series, all of which have been further organized into subseries. The series and subseries arrangement is as follows:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Advertising/Promotional Material \n\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2 Floyd Fandango, 2007-2016\n\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.3 Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival, 2007-2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4 Virginia Wine Festival, 2009-2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5 Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, 2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7 The Phoenix, 2006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nSeries 2: Graphic Design for Festivals\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2 Floyd Fandango, 2010-2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3 Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival, 2006-2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4 Virginia Wine Festival, 2009-2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5 Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, Undated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.7 Accomplishments and Accolades, 2005-2011 \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nSeries 3: Organization of the Festival\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.2 Floyd Fest Performers, 2004-2006\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3 Floyd Fandango, Undated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007 \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5 Sponsorship Information, 2002-2004\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nSeries 4: Newspaper Articles \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2015 \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nSeries 5: Photographs and Multimedia \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.1 Assorted Photographs of Across the Way Productions Events, 2002-2014\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.2 Video Tapes, 2002-2003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3 Mini Discs, 2002\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\nSeries 6: Live Discs \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n \n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1 Commercial Collectors C.D's, 2002-2012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2 Miscellaneous C.D's, 2001-2012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3 Floyd Fest- July 26-29, 2007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.4 Vintage Virginia, 2010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.5 Fandango, 2010 \u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.6 Floyd Fest 8- July 23-26, 2009\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.7 Floyd Fest 7- July 24-27, 2008\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.8 Floyd Fest 9- July 22-25, 2010\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.9 Floyd Fest X- July 28- 31, 2011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.10 Floyd Fest 11- July 26-29, 2012\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are arranged in chronological order with the exception of the live discs, which are arranged alphabetically in their respective binders in six series, all of which have been further organized into subseries. The series and subseries arrangement is as follows:\n","Series 1: Advertising/Promotional Material \n 1.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2016 1.2 Floyd Fandango, 2007-2016\n 1.3 Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival, 2007-2015 1.4 Virginia Wine Festival, 2009-2015 1.5 Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, 2016 1.6 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007 1.7 The Phoenix, 2006 \nSeries 2: Graphic Design for Festivals 2.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2016 2.2 Floyd Fandango, 2010-2016 2.3 Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival, 2006-2015 2.4 Virginia Wine Festival, 2009-2015 2.5 Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, Undated 2.6 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007 2.7 Accomplishments and Accolades, 2005-2011  \nSeries 3: Organization of the Festival 3.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2015 3.2 Floyd Fest Performers, 2004-2006 3.3 Floyd Fandango, Undated 3.4 Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, 2007  3.5 Sponsorship Information, 2002-2004 \nSeries 4: Newspaper Articles  4.1 Floyd Fest, 2002-2015  \nSeries 5: Photographs and Multimedia  5.1 Assorted Photographs of Across the Way Productions Events, 2002-2014 5.2 Video Tapes, 2002-2003 5.3 Mini Discs, 2002 \nSeries 6: Live Discs  6.1 Commercial Collectors C.D's, 2002-2012 6.2 Miscellaneous C.D's, 2001-2012 6.3 Floyd Fest- July 26-29, 2007 6.4 Vintage Virginia, 2010 6.5 Fandango, 2010  6.6 Floyd Fest 8- July 23-26, 2009 6.7 Floyd Fest 7- July 24-27, 2008 6.8 Floyd Fest 9- July 22-25, 2010 6.9 Floyd Fest X- July 28- 31, 2011 6.10 Floyd Fest 11- July 26-29, 2012"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcross the Way Productions, Inc. was founded in June 2000 by Kris Hodges in the town of Floyd, Virginia. His wife, Erika Johnson, was also opening her business, Oddfella's Cantina, simultaneously. The company was founded on the premise of bringing a world music festival to the town of Floyd, Virginia. The company sponsors events such as Floyd Fandango, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and much more. The company's most famous event is Floyd Fest, a music festival featuring artists from all over the globe, which takes place for 5 days each July. Oddfella's was sold in 2002 for funds to start Floyd Fest. Floyd Fandango is hosted near the fourth of July. Begun in 2009, it did not take place during the years 2012-2015, as the company needed time to make the festival more profitable. Floyd Fandango now draws crowds to the reimagined fest, which now includes outdoor sports and a farm to table dinner in addition to the staples of the festival- beer, cider, and wine tastings, workshops and performances by bands that also frequent Floyd Fest. The company expanded into Northern Virginia with its Capital Carnival and Microbrew Fest, the Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and the Virginia Wine Festival in 2007. Since the Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival had operated close to 3 decades, partnering with the event helped the company gain notoriety and establish themselves. In 2016, Across the Way Productions Inc. launched the Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, which featured Huey Lewis and The News, Blondie, and Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys' 50th Anniversary of the album \"Pet Sounds,\" that took place at Roanoke's Elmwood Park Amphitheater. Also in 2016, The Phoenix was started as a venue in Roanoke, Virginia. A nod to the battle of the bands format of the 80's and 90's, visitors to the Phoenix receive a token and votes for their favorite band at the end of the night. The winners of the battles go on to compete in Floyd Fests Annual On-The-Rise Artist Competition. The Phoenix battle of the bands competition was renewed for a second year and took place in 2017.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Across the Way Productions, Inc. was founded in June 2000 by Kris Hodges in the town of Floyd, Virginia. His wife, Erika Johnson, was also opening her business, Oddfella's Cantina, simultaneously. The company was founded on the premise of bringing a world music festival to the town of Floyd, Virginia. The company sponsors events such as Floyd Fandango, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and much more. The company's most famous event is Floyd Fest, a music festival featuring artists from all over the globe, which takes place for 5 days each July. Oddfella's was sold in 2002 for funds to start Floyd Fest. Floyd Fandango is hosted near the fourth of July. Begun in 2009, it did not take place during the years 2012-2015, as the company needed time to make the festival more profitable. Floyd Fandango now draws crowds to the reimagined fest, which now includes outdoor sports and a farm to table dinner in addition to the staples of the festival- beer, cider, and wine tastings, workshops and performances by bands that also frequent Floyd Fest. The company expanded into Northern Virginia with its Capital Carnival and Microbrew Fest, the Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and the Virginia Wine Festival in 2007. Since the Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival had operated close to 3 decades, partnering with the event helped the company gain notoriety and establish themselves. In 2016, Across the Way Productions Inc. launched the Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series, which featured Huey Lewis and The News, Blondie, and Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys' 50th Anniversary of the album \"Pet Sounds,\" that took place at Roanoke's Elmwood Park Amphitheater. Also in 2016, The Phoenix was started as a venue in Roanoke, Virginia. A nod to the battle of the bands format of the 80's and 90's, visitors to the Phoenix receive a token and votes for their favorite band at the end of the night. The winners of the battles go on to compete in Floyd Fests Annual On-The-Rise Artist Competition. The Phoenix battle of the bands competition was renewed for a second year and took place in 2017.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Across the Way Productions Collection, Special Collections, McConnell Library, Radford University, Radford, Virginia. Across the Way Productions, Inc.,, Accession # AC 035, University Archives, McConnell Library, Radford University \u003c!-- Add your institution's citation information --\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Across the Way Productions Collection, Special Collections, McConnell Library, Radford University, Radford, Virginia. Across the Way Productions, Inc.,, Accession # AC 035, University Archives, McConnell Library, Radford University "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection features materials from Across the Way, Inc. located in Floyd, Virginia. It includes 5 linear inches of advertising material such as flyers, post cards, coasters and stickers for the events of Floyd Fest, Floyd Fandango, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival, Virginia Wine Festival, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series and The Phoenix, which were all created by the company 1.5 linear feet of oversize advertising materials are present in this collection. 5 linear inches of graphic designs for the events are included encompassing access, parking and camping passes and bracelets, tickets and schedule of events pamphlets. Also included with graphic materials are accomplishments and accolades of the company and its events such as a proclamation from the city of Roanoke. 3 linear inches of organization of the events created by the company are present in this collection and include job descriptions of staff, logistical details, business plans and other reports of that nature, catering plans, maps of the festivals grounds, performer travel and performance organization and FAQ information. 1,090 pictures show mainly daily happenings at various Floyd Fests, but also showcase Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and the Wine Down the Music Trail Festival and a trip to Ghana to search out talent for Floyd Fest. 1.5 linear feet of oversize photographs are also included in this collection. 2 linear inches of newspaper articles and clippings are also available in this collection and deal exclusively with Floyd Fest. These newspaper articles and clippings document the years of 2002-2015. There is approximately 1 linear foot of multimedia items in this collection that comprise of videos, mini discs and C.D.'s. Videotapes record live shows and show an interview with Kris Hodges on Virginia Tonight. Mini discs hold recordings of live performances as well. The C.D's account for 5 linear feet of the multimedia series and are of live performances done during various Floyd Fests and feature bands such as Donna the Buffalo, Trampling Turtles and African Showboys. As well as commercial C.D's produced from various Floyd Fests and other miscellaneous C.D's originally intended for private use.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs of various activities from Floyd Fest and Capital City Carnival Events are housed in a folder and packed inside the box horizontally. Subjects of these photographs include Floyd Fest Field Day held on 6/22/02, various photographs from Floyd Fests 2002-2014, Capital City Carnival performances, pictures of a trip to Ghana, and photographs of the Wine Down the Music Trail Wine Festival in 2005. Photographs in sleeves are from the 2002 Floyd Fest (photographer Russ Helgren) and the Wine Down the Music Trail Wine Festival held in 2005. Folders denoting an OS mean that folder has been moved to an oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries holds C.D's intended for private use that includes live performances and a graphics archive disc, which was created by Radford University Special Collections in April of 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection features materials from Across the Way, Inc. located in Floyd, Virginia. It includes 5 linear inches of advertising material such as flyers, post cards, coasters and stickers for the events of Floyd Fest, Floyd Fandango, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival, Virginia Wine Festival, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series and The Phoenix, which were all created by the company 1.5 linear feet of oversize advertising materials are present in this collection. 5 linear inches of graphic designs for the events are included encompassing access, parking and camping passes and bracelets, tickets and schedule of events pamphlets. Also included with graphic materials are accomplishments and accolades of the company and its events such as a proclamation from the city of Roanoke. 3 linear inches of organization of the events created by the company are present in this collection and include job descriptions of staff, logistical details, business plans and other reports of that nature, catering plans, maps of the festivals grounds, performer travel and performance organization and FAQ information. 1,090 pictures show mainly daily happenings at various Floyd Fests, but also showcase Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival and the Wine Down the Music Trail Festival and a trip to Ghana to search out talent for Floyd Fest. 1.5 linear feet of oversize photographs are also included in this collection. 2 linear inches of newspaper articles and clippings are also available in this collection and deal exclusively with Floyd Fest. These newspaper articles and clippings document the years of 2002-2015. There is approximately 1 linear foot of multimedia items in this collection that comprise of videos, mini discs and C.D.'s. Videotapes record live shows and show an interview with Kris Hodges on Virginia Tonight. Mini discs hold recordings of live performances as well. The C.D's account for 5 linear feet of the multimedia series and are of live performances done during various Floyd Fests and feature bands such as Donna the Buffalo, Trampling Turtles and African Showboys. As well as commercial C.D's produced from various Floyd Fests and other miscellaneous C.D's originally intended for private use.\n","Photographs of various activities from Floyd Fest and Capital City Carnival Events are housed in a folder and packed inside the box horizontally. Subjects of these photographs include Floyd Fest Field Day held on 6/22/02, various photographs from Floyd Fests 2002-2014, Capital City Carnival performances, pictures of a trip to Ghana, and photographs of the Wine Down the Music Trail Wine Festival in 2005. Photographs in sleeves are from the 2002 Floyd Fest (photographer Russ Helgren) and the Wine Down the Music Trail Wine Festival held in 2005. Folders denoting an OS mean that folder has been moved to an oversize box.","This subseries holds C.D's intended for private use that includes live performances and a graphics archive disc, which was created by Radford University Special Collections in April of 2017."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn appointment for research is required. The collection is open to research. No interlibrary loan. Access restricted in reference to financial information of Across the Way Productions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["An appointment for research is required. The collection is open to research. No interlibrary loan. Access restricted in reference to financial information of Across the Way Productions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eAcross the Way Productions Inc. was founded in 2002 by Kris Hodges and Erika Johnson. The two wished to create a world music festival in Floyd, Virginia and thus Floyd Fest began in September of 2002. This collection features materials from the events Floyd Fest, Floyd Fandango, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival, Virginia Wine Festival, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series and The Phoenix all created by Across the Way Productions, Inc. Materials include advertising/promotional items, graphic design elements, the organization and logistics of the events, newspaper clippings, photographs, videos, live discs and mini discs of the events.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Across the Way Productions Inc. was founded in 2002 by Kris Hodges and Erika Johnson. The two wished to create a world music festival in Floyd, Virginia and thus Floyd Fest began in September of 2002. This collection features materials from the events Floyd Fest, Floyd Fandango, Vintage Virginia Wine and Food Festival, Virginia Wine Festival, Capital City Carnival and Microbrew Fest, Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series and The Phoenix all created by Across the Way Productions, Inc. Materials include advertising/promotional items, graphic design elements, the organization and logistics of the events, newspaper clippings, photographs, videos, live discs and mini discs of the events.\n"],"names_ssim":["Johnson, Erika","Hodges,Kris","Across the Way Productions, Inc.","Floyd Fest","Capital City Carnival and Microbew Fest","Floyd Fandango","Oddfella's Cantina","The Phoenix--Across the Way Productions, Inc.","Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series","Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival","Virginia Wine Festival"],"name_ssim":["Johnson, Erika","Hodges,Kris","Across the Way Productions, Inc.","Floyd Fest","Capital City Carnival and Microbew Fest","Floyd Fandango","Oddfella's Cantina","The Phoenix--Across the Way Productions, Inc.","Totally Rad Roanoke Star City Concert Series","Vintage Virginia Food and Wine Festival","Virginia Wine Festival"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":554,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:47:20.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vira_across-the-way_c01_c03"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c01","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"14.1: Evidence and Research\n                  Materials","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c01"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974","14.1: Evidence and Research\n                  Materials"],"title_filing_ssi":"Evidence and Research\n                  Materials","title_ssm":["14.1: Evidence and Research\n                  Materials"],"title_tesim":["14.1: Evidence and Research\n                  Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["14.1: Evidence and Research\n                  Materials"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":90,"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n            Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n               Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n            also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n              \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n               \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n               Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n               Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n              "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c01"}},{"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c23","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1422 Grant of lands in Karton,\n                  [Ringbourne] to [Saundre], with seal \n                  \n                  1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c23#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12_c23","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01993_c12_c23"],"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c23","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"text":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA","1422 Grant of lands in Karton,\n                  [Ringbourne] to [Saundre], with seal \n                  \n                  1955","AMs; item stored in the vault","Box 301"],"title_filing_ssi":"1422 Grant of lands in Karton,\n                  [Ringbourne] to [Saundre], with seal \n                   \n                  1955","title_ssm":["1422 Grant of lands in Karton,\n                  [Ringbourne] to [Saundre], with seal \n                  \n                  1955"],"title_tesim":["1422 Grant of lands in Karton,\n                  [Ringbourne] to [Saundre], with seal \n                  \n                  1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1422 Grant of lands in Karton,\n                  [Ringbourne] to [Saundre], with seal \n                  \n                  1955"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"physdesc_tesim":["AMs; item stored in the vault"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2365,"containers_ssim":["Box 301"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#22","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01993","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01993.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9973"],"text":["9973","Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","The papers of Homer\n         Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n         items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n         articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n         daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items.","There are no restrictions.","GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n          I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n          II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n          III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n          IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n          V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n          VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n          VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n          VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n          IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n          X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n          XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n          XII. Memorabilia \n          XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n          XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n          XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n          XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n          XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n          XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n          XIX. Motion Picture Films \n          XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n          XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n          1. \n          Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n          2. \n          Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n          3. \n          May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n          4. \n          Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n          5. \n          Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n          6. \n          Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n          7. \n          Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n          This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n          In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n          The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n          1. \n          General Correspondence File :\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n          This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n          The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n          Of particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n          The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n          2. \n          Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n          a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n          b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n          c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n          d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n          Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n          The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n          Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n          A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n          A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n          Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n          2. \n          Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n          Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n          2. \n          Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n          Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n          The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n          All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n          The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n          The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n          From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n          Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n          Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n          The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n          A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n          The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n          The second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n          The final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n          A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         ","The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n          State V. Harold Israel in which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n          Liberty Under Law and\n         Administration (1934); \n          Federal Justice , with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n          We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n          The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.","The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n          Federal Justice and \n          The Biography of a Department ,\n         correspondence about these books and \n          The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n          Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n                  dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n                  investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n                  trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n                Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n                Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n                Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n                Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n                William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n                Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n                John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n                Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n                Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n                Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n                Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n                James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n                Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n                William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n                William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n                Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n                A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n                Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n                Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n                Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n                Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n                Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n                George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n                George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n               ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n                  of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n                  activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n                  photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n                  and telegrams. \n                   Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n                   Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n                   Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n                   Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n                   Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n                   Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n                   Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n                   Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n                   Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n                   Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n                   Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n                   Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n                   Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n                   Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n                   Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n                   Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n                   Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n                   Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n                   Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n                   Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n                   Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n                   Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n                   Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n                   Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n                   Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n                   Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n                   Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n                   Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n                   Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n                   Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n                   Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n                   Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n                   Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n                   Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n                   Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n                   Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n                   Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n                   Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n                   Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n                   Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n                   Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n                   Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n                   Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n                   Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n                   Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n                   Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n                   Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n                   Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n                   Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n                   Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n                   Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n                   Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n                   Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n                   Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n                   Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n                   Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n                   Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n                   Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n                   Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n                   Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n                   Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n                  A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n                   Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n                   Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n                   Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n                   Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n                  ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n                   Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n                  Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n                   Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n                  July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n                  1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n                  83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n                  June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n                  from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n                  June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n                  Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n                  Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n                  Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n                  91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n                  sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n                  and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n                  (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n                  December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n                  stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n                  Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n                  public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n                  southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n                  last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n                  shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n                  uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n                  Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n                  Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n                  Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n                  the American Legion","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["9973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were a gift to the library from Professor\n            Carl McFarland, School of Law, University of Virginia, on\n            14 December 1976. They were originally deposited in the\n            library on 21 June and 26 July 1974."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The papers of Homer\n         Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n         items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n         articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n         daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n          I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n          II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n          III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n          IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n          V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n          VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n          VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n          VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n          IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n          X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n          XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n          XII. Memorabilia \n          XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n          XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n          XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n          XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n          XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n          XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n          XIX. Motion Picture Films \n          XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n          XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n          1. \n          Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n          2. \n          Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n          3. \n          May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n          4. \n          Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n          5. \n          Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n          6. \n          Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n          7. \n          Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n          This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n          In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n          The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n          1. \n          General Correspondence File :\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n          This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n          The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n          Of particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n          The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n          2. \n          Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n          a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n          b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n          c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n          d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n          Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n          The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n          Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n          A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n          A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n          Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n          2. \n          Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n          Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n          2. \n          Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n          Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n          The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n          All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n          The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n          The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n          From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n          Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n          Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n          The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n          A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n          The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n          The second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n          The final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n          A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eState V. Harold Israel\u003c/title\u003ein which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was the author of four books: \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLiberty Under Law and\n         Administration\u003c/title\u003e(1934); \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e, with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWe Can Prevent Crime\u003c/title\u003e(1937); and\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Tired Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n          State V. Harold Israel in which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n          Liberty Under Law and\n         Administration (1934); \n          Federal Justice , with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n          We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n          The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n            9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n            Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n            9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n            Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003eand \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Biography of a Department\u003c/title\u003e,\n         correspondence about these books and \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings\u003c/title\u003e, and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence deals with capture of this\n                  dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n                  investigation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n                  trials in Russia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBenjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHarry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles Devens (1877-1881) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJohn W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJudson Harmon (1895-1897) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePhilander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLevi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJoseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJames C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWaynes McVeagh (1881) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H. Moody (1904-1906) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Olney (1893-1895) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Rush (1814-1817) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAlphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge H. Williams (1872-1875) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n                  of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n                  activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n                  photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n                  and telegrams. \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 1-7 (Box 284)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 8-13 (Box 285)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 14-18 (Box 286)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 19-24 (Box 287)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 25-30 (Box 288)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 31-36 (Box 289)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 37-41 (Box 290)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 42-46 (Box 291)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 47-52 (Box 292)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 53-57 (Box 293)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 58-60 (Box 294)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n                  A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n                  newspaper clippings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n                  newspaper clippings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n                  Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n                  July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n                  1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n                  83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n                  June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n                  from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n                  June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n                  Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n                  Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n                  Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n                  91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n                  sympathy cards)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n                  and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n                  (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n                  December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n                  stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n                  Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n                  public support.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n                  southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n                  last May.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n                  shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n                  uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n                  Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n                  Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n                  Head, Speak.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstallation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n                  the American Legion\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n          Federal Justice and \n          The Biography of a Department ,\n         correspondence about these books and \n          The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n          Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n                  dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n                  investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n                  trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n                Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n                Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n                Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n                Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n                William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n                Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n                John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n                Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n                Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n                Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n                Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n                James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n                Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n                William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n                William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n                Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n                A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n                Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n                Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n                Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n                Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n                Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n                George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n                George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n               ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n                  of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n                  activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n                  photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n                  and telegrams. \n                   Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n                   Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n                   Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n                   Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n                   Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n                   Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n                   Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n                   Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n                   Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n                   Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n                   Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n                   Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n                   Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n                   Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n                   Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n                   Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n                   Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n                   Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n                   Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n                   Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n                   Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n                   Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n                   Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n                   Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n                   Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n                   Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n                   Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n                   Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n                   Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n                   Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n                   Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n                   Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n                   Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n                   Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n                   Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n                   Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n                   Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n                   Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n                   Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n                   Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n                   Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n                   Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n                   Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n                   Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n                   Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n                   Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n                   Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n                   Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n                   Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n                   Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n                   Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n                   Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n                   Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n                   Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n                   Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n                   Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n                   Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n                   Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n                   Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n                   Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n                   Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n                  A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n                   Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n                   Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n                   Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n                   Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n                  ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n                   Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n                  Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n                   Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n                  July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n                  1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n                  83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n                  June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n                  from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n                  June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n                  Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n                  Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n                  Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n                  91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n                  sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n                  and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n                  (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n                  December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n                  stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n                  Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n                  public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n                  southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n                  last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n                  shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n                  uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n                  Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n                  Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n                  Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n                  the American Legion"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2709,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eGENERAL BACKGROUND\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eV. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eX. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXII. Memorabilia \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIX. Motion Picture Films \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDESCRIPTION OF SERIES\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eSeries I: Family Papers\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHomer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAudie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925\u003c/emph\u003e: This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMay Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHelen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955\u003c/emph\u003e: This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eJulia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMarguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIn addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eGeneral Correspondence File\u003c/emph\u003e:\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOf particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMiscellaneous Papers\u003c/emph\u003e. This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eb) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ec) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ed) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Speeches and Articles\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSpeeches, 1886-1950\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSpeeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles, 1918-1945\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. Literary Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDiaries, 1919-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLiterary Papers, 1750-1953\u003c/emph\u003e:\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTwo card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAll but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFrom the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBesides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThere are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMany excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c23"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"14.2: Records of Impeachment Inquiry\n                  Proceedings","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974","14.2: Records of Impeachment Inquiry\n                  Proceedings","Carton \n                  47-48"],"title_filing_ssi":"Records of Impeachment Inquiry\n                  Proceedings","title_ssm":["14.2: Records of Impeachment Inquiry\n                  Proceedings"],"title_tesim":["14.2: Records of Impeachment Inquiry\n                  Proceedings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["14.2: Records of Impeachment Inquiry\n                  Proceedings"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":155,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n                  47-48"],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n            Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n               Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n            also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n              \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n               \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n               Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n               Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n              "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c02"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"14.3: Printed Materials","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/strong\u003eare primarily government documents from the period of the impeachment of Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974","14.3: Printed Materials","Carton \n                           49-53","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below."],"title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials","title_ssm":["14.3: Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["14.3: Printed Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["14.3: Printed Materials"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":175,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n                           49-53"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below."],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n            Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n               Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n            also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n              \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n               \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n               Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n               Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n              "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c03"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"14.4: Oral History\n                  Projects","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003cem\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/em\u003e, also published in the \u003cem\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/em\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974","14.4: Oral History\n                  Projects","Carton \n                  54-55","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen."],"title_filing_ssi":"Oral History\n                  Projects","title_ssm":["14.4: Oral History\n                  Projects"],"title_tesim":["14.4: Oral History\n                  Projects"],"normalized_title_ssm":["14.4: Oral History\n                  Projects"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":233,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n                  54-55"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n            also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen."],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n            Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n               Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n            also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n              \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n               \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n               Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n               Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n              "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c04"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"14.5: Printed Materials","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines are not government documents. There are copies of \u003cem\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eLife\u003c/em\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","14: Impeachment of Richard M. Nixon \n               \n               1973-1974","14.5: Printed Materials","Carton \n                  56","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period."],"title_filing_ssi":"Printed Materials\n                  ","title_ssm":["14.5: Printed Materials"],"title_tesim":["14.5: Printed Materials"],"normalized_title_ssm":["14.5: Printed Materials"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":243,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n                  56"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n              \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period."],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006","This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n         1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n            Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n         Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n         July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n         he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n         in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n         School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n         produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n         1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n         Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n         he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n         Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n         6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n         Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n         against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n         In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n         in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n         Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n         respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n         Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n         Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n         served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n         years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n         Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n         in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n         Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n         the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n         Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n         a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n         American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n         affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n         Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n            Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n            University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n               Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n                           \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n            also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n              \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n               \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n               Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n                        \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n                     \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n               Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n               \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n              "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n         M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n         Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n         into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n         releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n         constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n         Vice President; impeachment of President\n         Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n         Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n         for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n         Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n         Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n         generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n         the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n         Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed.  The gradual donation of materials over a period \n  of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n  are mostly described down to the folder level.  The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n  Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n    box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n          invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n          and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n              GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n              and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n            National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n            Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n            Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on  Face the Nation   to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n               arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n               location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n               topical index is present in addition to the\n               chronological listings that are available for all of the\n               years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n               inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n               during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n               generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n               of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n               before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n               The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n               alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n               through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n               to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n               (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n               and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n               chronologically and their indices provide brief\n               summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n                Members Personal Voting\n               Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n               First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n               Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n               cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n               Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n               page number, description, and members response. Each\n               record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n               to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n               congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n               personal voting record for this time.","The \n                Constituency Correspondence is\n               almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n               favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n               There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n               of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n                Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n               Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n               a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n               proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n               committee that investigated and voted on the \n                impeachment of President Richard M.\n               Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n               in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n               break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n               Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n               of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n               impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n               personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n               Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n               Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n               papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n               general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n               materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n               correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n               Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n               process, and these cassette recordings are included\n               here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n               present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n               project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n               1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n                Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n               from the period of the impeachment of\n               Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983.  Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n                           1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n                            Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n                           1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n                           1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n                           1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n                            I: Presidential Statements \n                            II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n                            III: Supplementary Documents \n                            IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n                        Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n                        of the United States Senate, November\n                        13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n              Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n            diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n            ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n            of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n            way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n            recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n            network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n            spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n            to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n            an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The  Roanoke Times , \n            also published in the  Virginian-Pilot  of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n            Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n            events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n            drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n            be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n            of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n            the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n            articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n            of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n            of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n             individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n            Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n            in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n            telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n            transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n            individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n            of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n              are not government documents. There are copies of  Time, Newsweek,  and\n               Life  magazines from the time of the impeachment.  There are also books and \n              a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n                Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n               cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n               drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n               as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n               present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n               markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n               memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n               hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n               Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n               supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n               relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n               three major components: 1)general materials in\n               ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n               assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n               \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n               materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n               easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n               A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n               Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n               provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n               Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n               perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n               arrangement of these records and includes references to\n               the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n               staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n               the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n               helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n               Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n               establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n               This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n               5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n               72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n               up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n               and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n               61 of the \n                American Bar Association\n               Journal (October, 1975).","The \n                general materials have been\n               removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n               hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n               corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n               housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n               printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n               Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n               the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n               numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n               Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n               16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n               235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n               comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n               2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n               is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n               notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n               versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n               \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n               general materials described above) contains the index to\n               the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n               information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n               for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n               section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n               Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n               Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n               on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n               divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n               municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n               subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n               Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n               Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n               numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n               statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n               drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n               proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n               is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n               with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n               drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n               reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n               alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n               correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n                         March 19-June 14, 1971 \n                         September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n                         December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n                         April 10-May 1, 1972 \n                         June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n                         October 9-10, 1972 \n                         November 13-14, 1972 \n                         December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n                         December 4-5, 1972 \n                         January 15-16, 1973 \n                         February 22-24, 1973 \n                         March 15-17, 1973 \n                         April 12-14, 1973 \n                         June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(E) \n                         (F) \n                         (G) \n                         (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n                        32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n                        carton 49.","(A) \n                         (B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","(A)","(B) \n                         (C)","(A) \n                         (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n                      Source 14 322-323 \n                      Source 15 336 \n                      Source 20 412-415 \n                      Source 23A 502 \n                      Source 50 549;554-555 \n                      Source 30 587-588 \n                      Source 31 595-596 \n                      Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n              ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n                        Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n               Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n               concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n               for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n               authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n               papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n               hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n               re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n               the Legal Services papers.)","The \n                Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises  Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n                National Bankruptcy Review\n               Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n               member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n               materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n               memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n               members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n               that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n                  \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c15_c05"}},{"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c24","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1482 Grant [of land], Wale to [Gromday},\n                  with seal \n                  \n                  1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12_c24","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01993_c12_c24"],"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c24","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"text":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA","1482 Grant [of land], Wale to [Gromday},\n                  with seal \n                  \n                  1955","AMs; item stored in the vault","Box 301"],"title_filing_ssi":"1482 Grant [of land], Wale to [Gromday},\n                  with seal \n                   \n                  1955","title_ssm":["1482 Grant [of land], Wale to [Gromday},\n                  with seal \n                  \n                  1955"],"title_tesim":["1482 Grant [of land], Wale to [Gromday},\n                  with seal \n                  \n                  1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1482 Grant [of land], Wale to [Gromday},\n                  with seal \n                  \n                  1955"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"physdesc_tesim":["AMs; item stored in the vault"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2366,"containers_ssim":["Box 301"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#23","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01993","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01993.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9973"],"text":["9973","Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956","The papers of Homer\n         Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n         items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n         articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n         daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items.","There are no restrictions.","GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n          I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n          II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n          III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n          IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n          V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n          VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n          VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n          VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n          IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n          X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n          XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n          XII. Memorabilia \n          XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n          XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n          XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n          XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n          XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n          XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n          XIX. Motion Picture Films \n          XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n          XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n          1. \n          Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n          2. \n          Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n          3. \n          May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n          4. \n          Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n          5. \n          Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n          6. \n          Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n          7. \n          Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n          This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n          In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n          The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n          1. \n          General Correspondence File :\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n          This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n          The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n          Of particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n          The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n          2. \n          Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n          a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n          b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n          c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n          d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n          Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n          The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n          Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n          A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n          A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n          Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n          2. \n          Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n          Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n          2. \n          Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n          Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n          The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n          All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n          The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n          The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n          From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n          Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n          Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n          The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n          A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n          The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n          The second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n          The final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n          A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         ","The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n          State V. Harold Israel in which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n          Liberty Under Law and\n         Administration (1934); \n          Federal Justice , with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n          We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n          The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.","The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n          Federal Justice and \n          The Biography of a Department ,\n         correspondence about these books and \n          The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n          Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n                  dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n                  investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n                  trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n                Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n                Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n                Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n                Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n                William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n                Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n                John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n                Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n                Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n                Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n                Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n                James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n                Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n                William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n                William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n                Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n                A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n                Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n                Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n                Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n                Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n                Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n                George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n                George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n               ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n                  of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n                  activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n                  photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n                  and telegrams. \n                   Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n                   Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n                   Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n                   Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n                   Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n                   Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n                   Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n                   Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n                   Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n                   Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n                   Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n                   Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n                   Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n                   Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n                   Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n                   Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n                   Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n                   Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n                   Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n                   Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n                   Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n                   Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n                   Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n                   Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n                   Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n                   Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n                   Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n                   Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n                   Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n                   Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n                   Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n                   Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n                   Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n                   Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n                   Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n                   Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n                   Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n                   Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n                   Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n                   Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n                   Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n                   Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n                   Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n                   Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n                   Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n                   Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n                   Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n                   Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n                   Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n                   Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n                   Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n                   Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n                   Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n                   Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n                   Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n                   Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n                   Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n                   Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n                   Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n                   Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n                   Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n                  A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n                   Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n                   Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n                   Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n                   Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n                  ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n                   Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n                  Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n                   Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n                  July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n                  1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n                  83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n                  June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n                  from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n                  June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n                  Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n                  Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n                  Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n                  91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n                  sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n                  and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n                  (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n                  December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n                  stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n                  Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n                  public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n                  southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n                  last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n                  shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n                  uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n                  Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n                  Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n                  Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n                  the American Legion","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["9973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n         \n         1850-1956"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were a gift to the library from Professor\n            Carl McFarland, School of Law, University of Virginia, on\n            14 December 1976. They were originally deposited in the\n            library on 21 June and 26 July 1974."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The papers of Homer\n         Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n         items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n         articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n         daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n          I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n          II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n          III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n          IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n          V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n          VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n          VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n          VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n          IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n          X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n          XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n          XII. Memorabilia \n          XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n          XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n          XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n          XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n          XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n          XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n          XIX. Motion Picture Films \n          XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n          XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n          1. \n          Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n          2. \n          Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n          3. \n          May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n          4. \n          Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n          5. \n          Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n          6. \n          Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n          7. \n          Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n          This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n          In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n          The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n          1. \n          General Correspondence File :\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n          This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n          The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n          Of particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n          The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n          2. \n          Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n          a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n          b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n          c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n          d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n          Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n          The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n          Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n          A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n          A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n          Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n          2. \n          Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n          Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n          2. \n          Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n          Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n          The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n          All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n          The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n          The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n          From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n          Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n          Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n          The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n          A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n          The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n          The second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n          The final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n          A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eState V. Harold Israel\u003c/title\u003ein which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was the author of four books: \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLiberty Under Law and\n         Administration\u003c/title\u003e(1934); \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e, with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWe Can Prevent Crime\u003c/title\u003e(1937); and\n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Tired Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n         Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n         April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n         School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n         University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n         years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n         Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n         from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n         University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n         Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n         College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n         commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n         Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n         Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n         then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n         D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n         subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n         of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n         1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n         delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n         National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n         latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n         party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n         but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n         was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n         vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n         was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n         identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n         party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n         from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n         famous case of \n          State V. Harold Israel in which\n         he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n         During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n         State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n         candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n         was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n         1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n         National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n         speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n         accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n         to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n         of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n         resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n         Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n         as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n         jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n         monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n         Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n         at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n         in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n         delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n         acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n         speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n         Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n         was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n         governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n         of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n         of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n         It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n         temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n         Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n         valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n         administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n         president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n         Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n         to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n         strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n         by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n         kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n         racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n         the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n         improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n         institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n         under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n         monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n         proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n         own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n         of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n         Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n         Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n         uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n         of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n         technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n         judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n         to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n         He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n         Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n         Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n         Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n         the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n         enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n         president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n         episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n         Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n         suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n         justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n         served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n         after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n         president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n         to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n         federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n         Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n         liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n         philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n         to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n         efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n         unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n         court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n         interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n         Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n         but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n         anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n         subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n         the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n         in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n         court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n         arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n         resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n         Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n         Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n         many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n          Liberty Under Law and\n         Administration (1934); \n          Federal Justice , with Carl\n         McFarland (1937); \n          We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n          The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n         numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n         Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n         belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n         of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n         Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n         Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n         and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n         had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n         They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n         married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n         1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n         died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n         February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n         September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n            9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n            Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n            9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n            Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003eand \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Biography of a Department\u003c/title\u003e,\n         correspondence about these books and \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings\u003c/title\u003e, and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence deals with capture of this\n                  dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n                  investigation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n                  trials in Russia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBenjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHarry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles Devens (1877-1881) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJohn W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJudson Harmon (1895-1897) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePhilander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLevi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJoseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJames C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWaynes McVeagh (1881) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H. Moody (1904-1906) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Olney (1893-1895) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Rush (1814-1817) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAlphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge H. Williams (1872-1875) \n               \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n                  of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n                  activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n                  photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n                  and telegrams. \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 1-7 (Box 284)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 8-13 (Box 285)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 14-18 (Box 286)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 19-24 (Box 287)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 25-30 (Box 288)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 31-36 (Box 289)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 37-41 (Box 290)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 42-46 (Box 291)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 47-52 (Box 292)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 53-57 (Box 293)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 58-60 (Box 294)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n                  A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n                  newspaper clippings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n                  newspaper clippings \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n                  Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n                  \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n                  July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n                  1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n                  83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n                  June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n                  from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n                  June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n                  Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n                  Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n                  Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n                  91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n                  sympathy cards)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n                  and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n                  (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n                  December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n                  stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n                  Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n                  public support.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n                  southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n                  last May.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n                  shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n                  uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n                  Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n                  Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n                  Head, Speak.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstallation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n                  the American Legion\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n         (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n         speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n         photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n         scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n         items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n         long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n         general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n         reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n         value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n         The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n         and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n         and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n         court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n         one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n         time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n         death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n         to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n         the material in the first category was generated by his\n         service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n         corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n         around party politics, national affairs, and various\n         individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n         of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n         described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n         vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n         Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n         leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n         McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n         House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n         documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n         Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n         continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n         corresponded with many government officials, political\n         leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n         Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n         Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n         letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n         policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n         FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n         Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n         working relationship between the two men and highlights\n         Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n         administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n         Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n         interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n         reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n         Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n         material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n         general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n         1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n         this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n         taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n         correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n         Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n         Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n         Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n         travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n         reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n         and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n         criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n         affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n         correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n         wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n         Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n         collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n         recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n         and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n         in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n         commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n          Federal Justice and \n          The Biography of a Department ,\n         correspondence about these books and \n          The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n         Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n         military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n         research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n         abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n          Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n         Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n         correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n         that is another valuable resource for students of\n         twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n         personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n         daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n         attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n         certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n         memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n         contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n         clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n                  dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n                  investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n                  trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n                Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n                Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n                Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n                Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n                William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n                Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n                John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n                Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n                Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n                Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n                Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n                James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n                Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n                William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n                William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n                Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n                A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n                Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n                Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n                Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n                Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n                Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n                George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n                George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n               ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n                  of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n                  activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n                  photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n                  and telegrams. \n                   Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n                   Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n                   Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n                   Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n                   Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n                   Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n                   Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n                   Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n                   Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n                   Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n                   Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n                   Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n                   Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n                   Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n                   Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n                   Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n                   Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n                   Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n                   Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n                   Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n                   Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n                   Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n                   Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n                   Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n                   Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n                   Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n                   Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n                   Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n                   Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n                   Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n                   Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n                   Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n                   Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n                   Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n                   Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n                   Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n                   Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n                   Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n                   Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n                   Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n                   Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n                   Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n                   Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n                   Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n                   Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n                   Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n                   Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n                   Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n                   Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n                   Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n                   Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n                   Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n                   Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n                   Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n                   Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n                   Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n                   Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n                   Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n                   Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n                   Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n                   Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n                  A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n                   Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n                  alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n                   Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n                   Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n                   Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n                   Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n                   Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n                  ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n                   Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n                  newspaper clippings \n                   Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n                  Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n                   Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n                  July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n                  1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n                  83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n                  June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n                  from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n                  June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n                  Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n                  Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n                  Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n                  91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n                  sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n                  and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n                  (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n                  December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n                  stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n                  Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n                  public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n                  southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n                  last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n                  shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n                  uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n                  Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n                  Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n                  Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n                  the American Legion"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2709,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eGENERAL BACKGROUND\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n         with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n         order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n         (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n         and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n         clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n         Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n         have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n         arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n         specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n         each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n         of the series: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n         post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n         207-233) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eV. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n         (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n         Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n         Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eX. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n         prints file) \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXII. Memorabilia \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n         1939-1956 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIX. Motion Picture Films \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDESCRIPTION OF SERIES\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eSeries I: Family Papers\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of general personal correspondence\n         and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n         four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n         Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n         Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n         material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n         place first, followed by the other family members in\n         alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n         arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n         within each folder are in chronological order. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHomer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n         1890-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This group includes correspondence re:\n         personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n         S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n         notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n         correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n         correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAudie S. Cummings, Papers,\n         1921-1925\u003c/emph\u003e: This group of correspondence and papers of\n         Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMay Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n         November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Letters\n         of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n         her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n         1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n         correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n         Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n         and son. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHelen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n         1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955\u003c/emph\u003e: This material\n         relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n         Cummings, and to her estate. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eJulia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n         February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This papers include\n         correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n         congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n         death. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMarguerite T. Owings Cummings\n         (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Most of these papers\n         concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n         estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Political Papers to 1933,\n         1899-1933\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series includes correspondence and papers on the\n         following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n         particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n         the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n         Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n         concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n         Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n         corresponded with many political leaders and government\n         officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n         Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n         Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n         McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n         correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n         campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n         George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n         Walker. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n         including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n         series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n         serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n         1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n         party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n         also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n         interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n         Wilson. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIn addition to the political correspondence, there are\n         papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n         investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n         in 1930. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n         groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n         within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n         General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n         1933-1956\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n         general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eGeneral Correspondence File\u003c/emph\u003e:\n         Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n         labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n         to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n         official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n         \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n         material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n         part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n         of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n         Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n         topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n         subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n         order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n         several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n         placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n         file of their own. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n         attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n         politics, and general interest in national and international\n         affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n         government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n         leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n         such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n         crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n         Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n         America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n         include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n         James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n         Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n         Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n         maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n         Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n         National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n         There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n         including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n         Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n         there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n         pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n         correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n         topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n         judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n         folders. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOf particular interest is correspondence between\n         Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n         the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n         is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n         political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n         policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n         There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n         the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n         reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n         series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n         including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n         as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n         letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n         by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n         Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n         series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n         Roosevelt. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMiscellaneous Papers\u003c/emph\u003e. This is\n         an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n         generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n         are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n         chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n         order: \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eb) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n         government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n         attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n         other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n         chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n         House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n         Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n         secretaries. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ec) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n         Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n         number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n         circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n         U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n         chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n         Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n         suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n         alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n         with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n         FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n         and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n         alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n         between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n         number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n         Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n         papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ed) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n         gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n         the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n         Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n         printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n         Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n         the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n         subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n         hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n         arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n         lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n         printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n         newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Speeches and Articles\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSpeeches, 1886-1950\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n         series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n         material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n         interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n         and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n         civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n         and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSpeeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n         in international affairs, and the World Court. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n         including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n         Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n         contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n         speeches about crime control and the administration of\n         criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n         training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n         judicial reorganization. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n         public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n         some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n         and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n         speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n         the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n         the presidential campaign of 1936. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n         divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n         date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n         contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n         group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n         with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n         topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n         that the second series is not complete even for its year\n         range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n         of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n         \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n         with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n         speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n         speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n         name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n         arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n         Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n         chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles, 1918-1945\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings'\n         articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n         there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n         democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n         number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n         comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. Literary Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDiaries, 1919-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings\n         kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n         he discussed his political and official activities including\n         meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n         Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n         Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n         family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n         Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n         contain many political references as well. There is also a\n         travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n         diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n         (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n         the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n         travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n         chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n         chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n         \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLiterary Papers, 1750-1953\u003c/emph\u003e:\n         This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n         books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n         Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n         Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n         there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n         historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n         correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n         of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n         regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n         1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n         research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n         the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n         1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n         on these last two projects. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTwo card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n         the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n         Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n         Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n         insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n         of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n         the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n         the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n         participated in historic events and associated with many other\n         powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n         struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n         important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAll but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n         period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n         years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n         and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n         before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n         conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n         conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n         contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n         schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n         Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n         very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n         Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n         service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n         an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n         Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n         would find them very useful. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n         principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n         behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n         election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n         April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n         for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n         sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n         probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n         entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n         recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n         organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n         Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n         Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n         Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n         and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n         refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n         body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n         substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n         volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n         calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n         calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n         active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n         in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n         leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n         Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n         states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n         devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n         cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFrom the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n         extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n         conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n         cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n         committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n         the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n         court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n         the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n         recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n         Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n         he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n         efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n         business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n         affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n         individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n         own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n         about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n         potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n         the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n         conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n         discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n         domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n         controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n         other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n         there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n         Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n         Morgenthau. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBesides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n         strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n         National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n         The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n         Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n         about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n         that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n         at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n         Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n         his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n         Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n         affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n         and government, describing various Democratic National\n         Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n         especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n         length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n         Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n         colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n         diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n         describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n         inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n         his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n         reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n         particular contains several references to events in the years\n         1832-1937. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n         and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n         correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n         fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n         1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n         Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n         correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n         cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n         and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n         arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n         1892-1953\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThere are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n         follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n         1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n         biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n         chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n         chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n         (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n         volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n         mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n         correspondence, 1934-1938. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n         Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMany excellent photographs, of a personal and\n         professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n         approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n         of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n         1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n         portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n         professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n         Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n         Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n         Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n         Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n         group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n         friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n         the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n         and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n         U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n         with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n         activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n         1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n         show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n         as attorney general, including: participation in national\n         conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n         National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n         delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n         State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n         F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n         portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n         pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n         tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n         and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n         Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n         following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n         mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n         as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n         acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n         Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n         University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n         including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n         his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n         Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n         early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n         Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n         Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n         photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n         took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n         Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n         undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n         work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n         North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n         number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n         relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n         his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n         his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n         photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n         was attorney general. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n         portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n         Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n         professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n         alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n         Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n         his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe second portion of the collection, the personal\n         photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n         photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n         nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n         residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n         chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n         Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n         (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n         Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe final portion of the collection contains\n         photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n         reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n         albums. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n         collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n         Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n         other relatives. \n         \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c24"}},{"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c14","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"14. \n                  A Conservative Viewby\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                  1991","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02_c14","ref_ssm":["viu_viu02732_c02_c14"],"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c14","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n               \n               1980-1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n               \n               1980-1997"],"text":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n               \n               1980-1997","14. \n                  A Conservative Viewby\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                  1991","Box 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"14. \n                   A Conservative View by\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                   1991","title_ssm":["14. \n                  A Conservative Viewby\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                  1991"],"title_tesim":["14. \n                  A Conservative Viewby\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                  1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["14. \n                  A Conservative Viewby\n                  James J. Kilpatrick \n                  1991"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":22,"containers_ssim":["Box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#13","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:35:10.999Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu02732","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu02732.xml","title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997"],"title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["6626-s"],"text":["6626-s","The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997","ca. 450 items (2\n         Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n         feet)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged chronologically by subject.","James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n          Richmond News Leader ,\n         television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n         columnist.","This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n         J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n         his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n         Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n         volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n         corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n         publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n         Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n          The Foxes' Union ;\n         correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n         concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n         the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n         columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n         Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n          National Geographic Traveler ,\n         concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n         and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n         participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n         correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n         Writer's Art.\"","See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","This collection consists of James\n         J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n         of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n         correspondence.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["6626-s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n         1908,\n         1963-1997"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were given to the University of Virginia\n            Library by James J. Kilpatrick on June 8, 1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 450 items (2\n         Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n         feet)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/title\u003e,\n         television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n         columnist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n          Richmond News Leader ,\n         television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n         columnist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick Papers, 1908, 1963-1997,\n            Accession #6626-s, Special Collections Department,\n            University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick Papers, 1908, 1963-1997,\n            Accession #6626-s, Special Collections Department,\n            University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the additional papers of James\n         J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n         his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n         Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n         volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n         corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n         publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n         Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Foxes' Union\u003c/title\u003e;\n         correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n         concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n         the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n         columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n         Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNational Geographic Traveler\u003c/title\u003e,\n         concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n         and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n         participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n         correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n         Writer's Art.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n         J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n         his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n         Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n         volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n         corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n         publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n         Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n          The Foxes' Union ;\n         correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n         concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n         the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n         columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n         Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n          National Geographic Traveler ,\n         concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n         and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n         participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n         correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n         Writer's Art.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n             \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of James\n         J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n         of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n         correspondence.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of James\n         J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n         of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n         correspondence."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:35:10.999Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c14"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c05","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.4: Domestic Relations\n                  1967","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c05"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00017","vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00017","vilxwl_vilxwl00017_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999","1: Subject Files \n               \n               1960-1995"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999","1: Subject Files \n               \n               1960-1995"],"text":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999","1: Subject Files \n               \n               1960-1995","1.4: Domestic Relations\n                  1967","Carton \n                  4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Domestic Relations 1967","title_ssm":["1.4: Domestic Relations\n                  1967"],"title_tesim":["1.4: Domestic Relations\n                  1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.4: Domestic Relations\n                  1967"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":6,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n                  4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00017.xml","title_ssm":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"title_tesim":["A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["017\n"],"text":["017\n","A. Christian Compton Papers, \n1960-1999",".","Collection is open to research.\n","Asbury Christian Compton (October 24, 1929 – April 9, 2006) was an American attorney and judge who served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia from 1974 until 2000, and as a Senior justice until his death.","Compton was a native of Ashland in Hanover County, Virginia, and graduated from Ashland High School in 1946. Compton earned his B.A. in history and politics from Washington and Lee in 1950 and his LL.B. from the Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1953. While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the Cotillion Club.","Compton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953-1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953-1961. 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While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the Cotillion Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953-1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953-1961. He practiced law in Richmond with May, Garrett, Miller, Newman and Compton from 1957-1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1966, Gov. Mills Godwin appointed Compton to the Law \u0026amp; Equity Court of the City of Richmond and then to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1974. The General Assembly re-elected him to another term in 1987. He retired from the Supreme Court in February 2000 and began service as a senior justice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompton maintained strong ties to Washington and Lee throughout his career. He served as president of the Alumni Association from 1972-1973. 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Compton earned his B.A. in history and politics from Washington and Lee in 1950 and his LL.B. from the Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1953. While at Washington and Lee, Compton served as president of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, class officer and captain of the basketball team. He was also a member of Omicron Delta Kappa, the lacrosse team, Phi Alpha Delta legal fraternity, the University Glee Club and the Cotillion Club.","Compton served in the U.S. Navy from 1953-1956 and the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1953-1961. He practiced law in Richmond with May, Garrett, Miller, Newman and Compton from 1957-1966.","In 1966, Gov. Mills Godwin appointed Compton to the Law \u0026 Equity Court of the City of Richmond and then to the Supreme Court of Virginia in 1974. The General Assembly re-elected him to another term in 1987. 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