{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=12\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=11\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=13\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026page=7283\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":12,"next_page":13,"prev_page":11,"total_pages":7283,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":110,"total_count":72826,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01_c09","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"12th Congress UIFA, Tokyo, Japan conference materials,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01_c09","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01_c09"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01_c09","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","Series I: International UIFA Events"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","Series I: International UIFA Events"],"text":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","Series I: International UIFA Events","12th Congress UIFA, Tokyo, Japan conference materials,","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"12th Congress UIFA, Tokyo, Japan conference materials, ","title_ssm":["12th Congress UIFA, Tokyo, Japan conference materials,"],"title_tesim":["12th Congress UIFA, Tokyo, Japan conference materials,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["September 1-7, 1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["12th Congress UIFA, Tokyo, Japan conference materials,"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1998],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:03:57.761Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2755","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2755.xml","title_filing_ssi":"International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","title_ssm":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"title_tesim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1981-2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981-2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.001"],"text":["Ms.2012.001","International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials","Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women-owned architectural firms","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)","The collection is open for research.","The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials is arranged subject: Series I: International UIFA Events, which is arranged chronologically, and Series II: UIFA Chapters.","Founded in 1963, by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour, the International Union of Women Architects/Union International des Femmes Architectes (UIFA) aims to make known and promote the Woman Architect; to establish relationships and exchanges between professional women; to collect all information concerning the stature and professional life of these women world-wide; to favor friendship links and solidarity, between all members, without political, racial, or religious discrimination. UIFA also works closely with the International Union of Architects (UIA) and others for the interest of the built environment. ","UIFA members range from over 75 different countries. ","The guide to the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials was completed in January 2012. The 2015 accession and additional items were incorporated prior to 2023. A 2023 addition was incorporated in October 2023.","See the following collections, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives, for additional UIFA materials and information:","Kristine K. Fallon Papers, Ms2000-035","Gertrude Galster publications and Gerda Pingel exhibition posters in the IAWA Small Collections, Ms1996-020","L. Jane Hastings Architectural Papers, Ms2004-004","Berta Rahm Architectural Collection, Ms1998-011","Jean Linden Young Papers, Ms1998-022","Ute Weström Architectural Papers, Ms1996-023","The collection contains publications and presentation material from UIFA international events beginning with the Second Workshop of UIFA in 1981 and continuing to present day conferences. Newsletters and pamphlets from individual chapters of representing nations (specifically UIFA Japan) are also present. ","A significant portion of these materials have been donated by Milka Bliznakov, International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA) founder as well as frequent speaker and attendee at UIFA events. Bliznakov used UIFA Congresses as a catalyst for meeting leading woman in the profession and for encouraging participants to donate collections to the IAWA. ","Newspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian.","The website for the join UIFA/IAWA meeting in Blacksburg, Va., can be viewed using the Wayback Machine at the following link: https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/","The UIFA Japan Chapter (also known as UIFA JAPON) materials contain a collection of chapter newsletters from 2003-2006. Also present are publications, correspondence with UIFA Japan president Yumiko Higashi, photographs, and exhibition materials from \"Houses for Working Women,\" February 2006.","The exhibition \"Houses for Working Women\" was presented by the Women Architects and Engineers Association and held in Tokyo from 13 January - 12 February 2006. Exhibitors present in collection include: Noriko Katsumi \"How to live in winter weather\" and \"House with business space;\" Masako Yakabe \"House for living with grown children\" and \"House with mother's quarter;\" Yumiko Higashi \"Ultra-small house\" and \"Home with a classroom;\" Sohu \"Small home office;\" Hisako Suzuki \"Working couple house,\" \"Two generations house with two independent buildings,\" and \"House for three generations;\" Masako Hazawa \"House using a very small lot\" and House with built in furniture.\"","In late 2010, the International Archive of Women in Architecture partnered with UIFA JAPON to develop a traveling exhibit entitled \"For the Future: The Pioneering Women in Architecture.\" The exhibit, conceived as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the IAWA, featured pioneering architects from Japan and the United States. The exhibit was expanded to memorialized IAWA founder Dr. Milka T. Bliznakov , who passed away in November 2010. Installation of the exhibit was delayed by the Great East Japan earthquake (Friday 11 March 2011). UIFA JAPON members collaborated with the IAWA to display the exhibition at eight venues across the Kanto region of Japan from June 2011 through March 2013. The catalog is printed in Japanese and English.","Materials are comprised of a small selection of UIFA JAPON newsletters from 2003-2006, 2012, and 2024. Issues include nos. 55, 59, 63, 67, 92, 128, and 129. Newsletters are written in Japanese and English.","25th Anniversary issue of chapter publication: \"Towards a Society with Equality, Peace, and Beauty\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) was founded in 1963 by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour. The organization aims to promote women in the profession by increasing the public's awareness of contributions made to the field by women and by creating a network of international colleagues. UIFA encourages the exchange of information through its regular conferences hosted by participating chapters from around the globe.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","International Union of Women Architects","Gorgenyi, Judit","Hoksza, Eva","Oron, Joyce, 1954-","Nanasy, Ilona","Matsukawa-Tsuchida, Junko","Toshiko-Yamamoto, Kimiyo","Ishikawa, Yaeko","Masamune, Kazuko","Nanay, Eva","Tihanyi, Judit","Xu, Yifang","Inagaki, Hiroko","Møller, Alice Finnerup","Higashi, Yumiko ","Suzuki, Hisako","Katsumi, Noriko","Yakabe, Masako","Hazwaw, Masako","The materials in the collection are in English and Japanese."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"collection_title_tesim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"collection_ssim":["International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in multiple accruals from 2001-2015 and in additional undated donations. An addition was made in 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women-owned architectural firms","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- History","History of Women in Architecture","Architectural drawing -- 20th century","Women-owned architectural firms","Architects","International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA)","Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Cubic Feet 3 boxes, 4 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 Cubic Feet 3 boxes, 4 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials is arranged subject: Series I: International UIFA Events, which is arranged chronologically, and Series II: UIFA Chapters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials is arranged subject: Series I: International UIFA Events, which is arranged chronologically, and Series II: UIFA Chapters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1963, by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour, the International Union of Women Architects/Union International des Femmes Architectes (UIFA) aims to make known and promote the Woman Architect; to establish relationships and exchanges between professional women; to collect all information concerning the stature and professional life of these women world-wide; to favor friendship links and solidarity, between all members, without political, racial, or religious discrimination. UIFA also works closely with the International Union of Architects (UIA) and others for the interest of the built environment. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUIFA members range from over 75 different countries. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1963, by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour, the International Union of Women Architects/Union International des Femmes Architectes (UIFA) aims to make known and promote the Woman Architect; to establish relationships and exchanges between professional women; to collect all information concerning the stature and professional life of these women world-wide; to favor friendship links and solidarity, between all members, without political, racial, or religious discrimination. UIFA also works closely with the International Union of Architects (UIA) and others for the interest of the built environment. ","UIFA members range from over 75 different countries. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials, Ms2012-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials, Ms2012-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials was completed in January 2012. The 2015 accession and additional items were incorporated prior to 2023. A 2023 addition was incorporated in October 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) Conference Materials was completed in January 2012. The 2015 accession and additional items were incorporated prior to 2023. A 2023 addition was incorporated in October 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following collections, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives, for additional UIFA materials and information:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/3229\" title=\"Kristine Fallon\"\u003eKristine K. Fallon Papers, Ms2000-035\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGertrude Galster publications and Gerda Pingel exhibition posters in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2473\" title=\"IAWA Small Collections\"\u003e IAWA Small Collections, Ms1996-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2265\" title=\"L. Jane Hastings\"\u003eL. Jane Hastings Architectural Papers, Ms2004-004\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2068\" title=\"Berta Rahm\"\u003eBerta Rahm Architectural Collection, Ms1998-011\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2076\" title=\"Jean Linden Young\"\u003eJean Linden Young Papers, Ms1998-022\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2033\" title=\"Ute Westrom\"\u003eUte Weström Architectural Papers, Ms1996-023\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following collections, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives, for additional UIFA materials and information:","Kristine K. Fallon Papers, Ms2000-035","Gertrude Galster publications and Gerda Pingel exhibition posters in the IAWA Small Collections, Ms1996-020","L. Jane Hastings Architectural Papers, Ms2004-004","Berta Rahm Architectural Collection, Ms1998-011","Jean Linden Young Papers, Ms1998-022","Ute Weström Architectural Papers, Ms1996-023"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains publications and presentation material from UIFA international events beginning with the Second Workshop of UIFA in 1981 and continuing to present day conferences. Newsletters and pamphlets from individual chapters of representing nations (specifically UIFA Japan) are also present. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of these materials have been donated by Milka Bliznakov, International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA) founder as well as frequent speaker and attendee at UIFA events. Bliznakov used UIFA Congresses as a catalyst for meeting leading woman in the profession and for encouraging participants to donate collections to the IAWA. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe website for the join UIFA/IAWA meeting in Blacksburg, Va., can be viewed using the Wayback Machine at the following link: \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/\"\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe UIFA Japan Chapter (also known as UIFA JAPON) materials contain a collection of chapter newsletters from 2003-2006. Also present are publications, correspondence with UIFA Japan president Yumiko Higashi, photographs, and exhibition materials from \"Houses for Working Women,\" February 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe exhibition \"Houses for Working Women\" was presented by the Women Architects and Engineers Association and held in Tokyo from 13 January - 12 February 2006. Exhibitors present in collection include: \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNoriko Katsumi\u003c/emph\u003e \"How to live in winter weather\" and \"House with business space;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMasako Yakabe\u003c/emph\u003e \"House for living with grown children\" and \"House with mother's quarter;\"\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eYumiko Higashi\u003c/emph\u003e \"Ultra-small house\" and \"Home with a classroom;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSohu\u003c/emph\u003e \"Small home office;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHisako Suzuki \u003c/emph\u003e\"Working couple house,\" \"Two generations house with two independent buildings,\" and \"House for three generations;\" \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMasako Hazawa\u003c/emph\u003e \"House using a very small lot\" and House with built in furniture.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn late 2010, the \u003cemph\u003eInternational Archive of Women in Architecture\u003c/emph\u003e partnered with \u003cemph\u003eUIFA JAPON\u003c/emph\u003e to develop a traveling exhibit entitled \"For the Future: The Pioneering Women in Architecture.\" The exhibit, conceived as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the IAWA, featured pioneering architects from Japan and the United States. The exhibit was expanded to memorialized IAWA founder \u003cemph\u003eDr. Milka T. Bliznakov\u003c/emph\u003e, who passed away in November 2010. Installation of the exhibit was delayed by the Great East Japan earthquake (Friday 11 March 2011). UIFA JAPON members collaborated with the IAWA to display the exhibition at eight venues across the Kanto region of Japan from June 2011 through March 2013. The catalog is printed in Japanese and English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials are comprised of a small selection of UIFA JAPON newsletters from 2003-2006, 2012, and 2024. Issues include nos. 55, 59, 63, 67, 92, 128, and 129. Newsletters are written in Japanese and English.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25th Anniversary issue of chapter publication: \"Towards a Society with Equality, Peace, and Beauty\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains publications and presentation material from UIFA international events beginning with the Second Workshop of UIFA in 1981 and continuing to present day conferences. Newsletters and pamphlets from individual chapters of representing nations (specifically UIFA Japan) are also present. ","A significant portion of these materials have been donated by Milka Bliznakov, International Archives of Women in Architecture (IAWA) founder as well as frequent speaker and attendee at UIFA events. Bliznakov used UIFA Congresses as a catalyst for meeting leading woman in the profession and for encouraging participants to donate collections to the IAWA. ","Newspaper clippings and journal articles documenting the October 1976 Congress in Iran, with a particular focus on architect Noushin Ehsan. Also included is an article about women architects from 1974 and one on Ehsan and her work from 2002. Materials are in English and Persian.","The website for the join UIFA/IAWA meeting in Blacksburg, Va., can be viewed using the Wayback Machine at the following link: https://web.archive.org/web/20220305171242/http://www.uifa2015.com/","The UIFA Japan Chapter (also known as UIFA JAPON) materials contain a collection of chapter newsletters from 2003-2006. Also present are publications, correspondence with UIFA Japan president Yumiko Higashi, photographs, and exhibition materials from \"Houses for Working Women,\" February 2006.","The exhibition \"Houses for Working Women\" was presented by the Women Architects and Engineers Association and held in Tokyo from 13 January - 12 February 2006. Exhibitors present in collection include: Noriko Katsumi \"How to live in winter weather\" and \"House with business space;\" Masako Yakabe \"House for living with grown children\" and \"House with mother's quarter;\" Yumiko Higashi \"Ultra-small house\" and \"Home with a classroom;\" Sohu \"Small home office;\" Hisako Suzuki \"Working couple house,\" \"Two generations house with two independent buildings,\" and \"House for three generations;\" Masako Hazawa \"House using a very small lot\" and House with built in furniture.\"","In late 2010, the International Archive of Women in Architecture partnered with UIFA JAPON to develop a traveling exhibit entitled \"For the Future: The Pioneering Women in Architecture.\" The exhibit, conceived as a celebration of the 25th anniversary of the IAWA, featured pioneering architects from Japan and the United States. The exhibit was expanded to memorialized IAWA founder Dr. Milka T. Bliznakov , who passed away in November 2010. Installation of the exhibit was delayed by the Great East Japan earthquake (Friday 11 March 2011). UIFA JAPON members collaborated with the IAWA to display the exhibition at eight venues across the Kanto region of Japan from June 2011 through March 2013. The catalog is printed in Japanese and English.","Materials are comprised of a small selection of UIFA JAPON newsletters from 2003-2006, 2012, and 2024. Issues include nos. 55, 59, 63, 67, 92, 128, and 129. Newsletters are written in Japanese and English.","25th Anniversary issue of chapter publication: \"Towards a Society with Equality, Peace, and Beauty\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d8e930f984afef3511225274be3fe3c9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) was founded in 1963 by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour. The organization aims to promote women in the profession by increasing the public's awareness of contributions made to the field by women and by creating a network of international colleagues. UIFA encourages the exchange of information through its regular conferences hosted by participating chapters from around the globe.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The International Union of Women Architects (UIFA) was founded in 1963 by Solange d'Herbez de la Tour. The organization aims to promote women in the profession by increasing the public's awareness of contributions made to the field by women and by creating a network of international colleagues. 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Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","13: Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; Confirmation of Nelson A. Rockefeller as\n Vice President \n \n 1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","13: Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; Confirmation of Nelson A. Rockefeller as\n Vice President \n \n 1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","13: Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; Confirmation of Nelson A. Rockefeller as\n Vice President \n \n 1973-1974","13.1: Ford","Carton \n 37"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ford","title_ssm":["13.1: Ford"],"title_tesim":["13.1: Ford"],"normalized_title_ssm":["13.1: Ford"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":70,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n 37"],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c01"}},{"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c03_c97","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"132. Before the City of Petersburg about\n Henry Williams \n n.d.n.t","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c03_c97#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c03_c97","ref_ssm":["vipets_vipets00001_c03_c97"],"id":"vipets_vipets00001_c03_c97","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001_c03","parent_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001_c03","parent_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vipets_vipets00001","vipets_vipets00001_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935","Speeches and Writings \n \n 1884-1928"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935","Speeches and Writings \n \n 1884-1928"],"text":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935","Speeches and Writings \n \n 1884-1928","132. Before the City of Petersburg about\n Henry Williams \n n.d.n.t","Box-folder \n 6:132"],"title_filing_ssi":"132. Before the City of Petersburg about\n Henry Williams \n n.d.n.t","title_ssm":["132. Before the City of Petersburg about\n Henry Williams \n n.d.n.t"],"title_tesim":["132. Before the City of Petersburg about\n Henry Williams \n n.d.n.t"],"normalized_title_ssm":["132. Before the City of Petersburg about\n Henry Williams \n n.d.n.t"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":139,"containers_ssim":["Box-folder \n 6:132"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#96","timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_ssi":"vipets_vipets00001","_root_":"vipets_vipets00001","_nest_parent_":"vipets_vipets00001","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vsu/vipets00001.xml","title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935"],"title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1957-3"],"text":["1957-3","Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935","There are no restrictions.","Series I: Correspondence: Family,\n Personal, Business, and Military \n Container: 1 \n Container: 2 \n Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II: Financial and legal \n Container: 3 \n Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III: Speeches and Writings \n Containers: 4-7 \n Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n Publications.","Series IV: Photographs \n Containers: 8-14 \n Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n Colored Volunteers.","Series V: Printed (Memorabilia) \n Container: 15 \n Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI: Scrapbooks \n Containers: 16-19 \n Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n some correspondence.","Series VII: Artifacts \n Containers: 20-25 \n Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII: Oversize \n Container: \n Maps and Photos","In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n 6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n 1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n 1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n 1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n 1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n 1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n with different groups around the city and state. He was\n vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.","The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.","There are no restrictions.","The William Henry Johnson papers\n include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n educator, soldier and community leader.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["1957-3"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers \n \n 1884-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia State University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n Virginia State University around 1957."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I:\u003c/emph\u003eCorrespondence: Family,\n Personal, Business, and Military \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 1 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 2 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLetters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n chronologically. 1884-1935\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II:\u003c/emph\u003eFinancial and legal \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 3 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTeaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n and military discharge. Arranged by type\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III:\u003c/emph\u003eSpeeches and Writings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 4-7 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFour boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n Publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV:\u003c/emph\u003ePhotographs \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 8-14 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n Colored Volunteers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V:\u003c/emph\u003ePrinted (Memorabilia) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: 15 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAnnouncements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI:\u003c/emph\u003eScrapbooks \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 16-19 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSome of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n some correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII:\u003c/emph\u003eArtifacts \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainers: 20-25 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHousehold articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n the sheath for a dress saber.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII:\u003c/emph\u003eOversize \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eContainer: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMaps and Photos\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Series Description"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I: Correspondence: Family,\n Personal, Business, and Military \n Container: 1 \n Container: 2 \n Letters, postcards and telegrams arranged\n chronologically. 1884-1935","Series II: Financial and legal \n Container: 3 \n Teaching contracts, receipts, agreements, certificates,\n and military discharge. Arranged by type","Series III: Speeches and Writings \n Containers: 4-7 \n Four boxes of handwritten and several printed speeches\n and articles. Included is an autobiography. A list of\n Publications.","Series IV: Photographs \n Containers: 8-14 \n Seven boxes, family, friends work and church scenes. In\n box 12 are the photos of the 6th Virginia United States\n Colored Volunteers.","Series V: Printed (Memorabilia) \n Container: 15 \n Announcements, Commencement programs, Broadsides,\n Programs, Invitations, Pamphlets. Two very interesting items:\n A Restaurant Menu from his father-in-law's business on Bank\n Street, and the first invitation to the \"Ugly Club\" 1886.","Series VI: Scrapbooks \n Containers: 16-19 \n Some of everything. Programs, cards, photographs and\n some correspondence.","Series VII: Artifacts \n Containers: 20-25 \n Household articles, toys and games. Two boxes of\n military items. There are also two military footlockers and\n the sheath for a dress saber.","Series VIII: Oversize \n Container: \n Maps and Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n 6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n penniless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n 1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n moved in at Christmas 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThen, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer and early fall months when school was not\n in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n and he was an enthusiastic teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n Dupuy Road in Ettrick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n was located at 10 Bank Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n for 48 years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n black and white.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n 1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n 1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n 1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n showing for themselves and the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n proven to be true.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n 1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n militia companies, but with no success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAside from a purely military function the black companies\n also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n as ceremonial swords and flags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n recording secretary for five years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n with different groups around the city and state. He was\n vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n banking concern.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1935 the highest-ranking black officer in the disbanded\n 6th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, Spanish American War, died.\n Few Virginians have ever heard of the 6th Virginia, let alone\n their commander, Major William Henry Johnson.","His story is unique, also, because he was one of the most\n successful post-bellum blacks in Petersburg who was not a\n descendant of the antebellum free black population. (There\n were around 3,200 free blacks in 1860). Major Johnson was from\n the slave population (which numbered around 5,000 in 1860).\n Free blacks had a slight advantage over the larger slave\n population, although they themselves were not truly free. They\n did have a bit more freedom of movement than their slave\n brethren did. In addition, some had some property that could\n be sold or borrowed upon to finance to own or accumulate\n property; therefore at emancipation they were truly\n penniless.","Major Johnson's father, Henry Johnson, was born a slave\n around 1835 in Ettrick on Fleets Farm, what is now Virginia\n State University, and he grew up in the old plantation house.\n He remained a slave until the Union Army moved through Ettrick\n following Robert E. Lee in April of 1865.","William Henry Johnson's mother, Malinda, was also a slave;\n she resided in Petersburg. October 1, 1858, her only child was\n born on Old Street (which is now Grove Avenue). In fact, in\n 1865 when Ulysses S. Grant entered Petersburg, her owner,\n Major P. Branch, fled to Danville taking Malinda and her\n six-year old son with him. William Henry's early years were\n spent in several places in Petersburg. At one time he lived on\n Old Street near Market, opposite Dunlop's Tobacco Factory.\n Another home was on the site of the old Titus Foundry. He also\n lived for some time on High Street and South Sycamore\n Street.","After General Lee's surrender, his mother and father were\n reunited. Later in the year his father brought a piece of\n property in the old field area in the vicinity of what is now\n Rome Street. Here his father built a small house, which is\n still standing, at what is now 1151 Rome Street. The family\n moved in at Christmas 1865.","Henry Johnson for 45 years was a teamster, driving his own\n horse and wagon. For a brief time he was a partner in an\n oyster house near the corner of Union and Oak Streets.","Then, as today, many blacks connected upward mobility with\n one's level of education. William Henry Johnson's parents were\n of that opinion and began his schooling at home. His first\n teacher, other than his mother, was a Mrs. Addie Berry who\n taught school at her home on Perry Street. Next, was Mr.\n Collier Tabb who taught school at \"East Hill\" on Lombard\n Street. His next mover was to the basement of the Gillfield\n Baptist Church under a Mr. Bates. After spending some time\n there he was enrolled in another private school. A former\n Confederate Army officer, Major Giles B. Cooke, taught this\n one. This school was located in the same building as the old\n First Baptist church near Garrison and Filmore Streets. He was\n graduated in 1874 (the first graduating class).","During the summer and early fall months when school was not\n in session, William Henry prepared for a trade. He chose to\n become a cooper (one who makes barrels). He secured summer\n employment at a barrel company in Richmond where he remained\n for two summers. Here he learned the early stages of barrel\n construction, called \"slack work\". Upon mastering \"slack work\"\n he apprenticed himself to a Mr. Wilson Goodwyn who had a shop\n on Union Street, to learn \"tight work\". During the next two\n years (1874-1886) he became a master cooper, making barrels\n for Myers Whiskey Distillery in Blandford, flour and hogshead\n and tierces for Ropers Tobacco Factory on Halifax Street.","After he completed his apprenticeship, his mother and\n father decided that he should go to college. The three of them\n met with Rev. Mr. Henry Williams, their pastor, and together\n agreed upon Hampton Normal and Industrial Institute. Despite\n the necessity of constant employment, after two years of study\n he was graduated from Hampton with a normal degree in 1878. In\n addition to his degree he also attended several summer\n teaching institutes at what is now Virginia State\n University.","After graduating from Hampton, Johnson returned home to\n Petersburg and began trying to locate a teaching position.\n That October he was offered a position in Surry County, about\n three miles from the courthouse. His new job involved teaching\n night school and paid $20 per month plus room and board and\n lodging. His students were both young and old, eager to learn,\n and he was an enthusiastic teacher.","He worked in Surry for five months. Later the following\n fall, quite by chance, on a walk through lower Chesterfield\n County he encountered a Captain Blankenship who was the County\n School Superintendent. A conference was held and the\n superintendent then offered a position at a new school that\n was under construction near what is now Virginia State\n University. He accepted the position and taught at that\n school, which was later called the \"Old Brickyard School\" on\n Dupuy Road in Ettrick.","Major Johnson taught at this school for seven years, seven\n months a year at $30 per month. In 1886 he was offered the\n principalship of Lombard Street School in Petersburg , with a\n nine-month school year and a record-breaking wage of $40 per\n month. He accepted right away. This was not just a raise of\n $150 per year, this also made it possible for him to give up\n making barrels in the evenings from March through August. This\n job as a cooper paid $3 - $4 per day and was used to\n supplement his teaching salary. He remained at Lombard Street\n School for two years until a new position at the Jones Street\n School was offered and accepted. Here he remained as principal\n for 31 years until the building was razed and the new\n Peabody-Williams Building was erected as a combination\n elementary and high school in 1919. He opposed this combined\n school because he felt the two levels should be in separate\n buildings. Nevertheless, he became principal of the elementary\n division until he retired in 1929. After 43 years of teaching\n in the city of Petersburg and more than 50 years in the state\n of Virginia.","In 1887 William Henry Johnson married Miss Nannie Brewer.\n The new Mrs. Johnson was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John\n Brewer, who were very highly respected citizens of Petersburg.\n Mr. John Brewer's father was born a slave and belonged to\n James Nicholas. As a slave, Mr. Brewer was allowed to \"hire\n out,\" that is, he was allowed to engage in some type of extra\n work where a part of the money went to the owner and the rest\n was pocketed by the slave. By late 1864, Brewer had managed to\n pay his owner a $1000 and was allowed to purchase himself from\n his owner. His self-purchase was within four months of the end\n of the Confederacy when all slaves were automatically free. In\n the early years, he was a painter. Later he owned and operated\n on of the most popular restaurants in Petersburg. His place\n was located at 10 Bank Street.","Nannie Brewer Johnson was educated in Petersburg and\n attended the 1888 Normal for Teachers, an institute held at\n what is now Virginia State University. Mrs. Johnson was active\n in community and church work. She was a faithful member of\n Gillfield Baptist Church. Major and Mrs. Johnson were married\n for 48 years.","During the era of black slavery, one of the greater fears\n of the white community was that of an armed rebellion of\n blacks. When the Civil War began, many free blacks in the\n south volunteered to take up arms for the Confederacy. This\n was true even in Petersburg. However, the state of Virginia\n was not prepared to accept armed black men, even volunteers.\n This policy remained until 1871 when Virginia reorganized the\n state Militia and allowed the formation of volunteer companies\n black and white.","The first black volunteer company in Petersburg came into\n existence in June of 1873. They were the Petersburg Guards,\n organized and captained by John H. Hill. For five years the\n Guards were the only black volunteer company in Petersburg. In\n 1878, however, Lieutenant Peyton L. Farley of the Guards\n resigned and organized the Petersburg Blues, which he also\n captained. William Henry Johnson joined the Blues in 1878 as a\n private. The Blues began complying a notable record in\n competition with other companies throughout the state. In 1881\n they were invited to participate in the inaugural parade of\n President James A. Garfield. In 1888 Johnson, now a captain,\n led the Blues on a very successful trip to Providence, Long\n Island, and Boston, Massachusetts. Between the years\n 1888-1897, Captain Johnson became Major Johnson and assumed\n command of the 2nd Battalion, Virginia Volunteer Infantry. In\n 1897 the Ulysses S. Grant Monument Parade was held in New York\n City and both the first and second Battalions made a fine\n showing for themselves and the state.","When war with Spain was declared in 1898, the two black\n battalions were federalized and became the 6th Virginia U.S.\n Volunteer Army of the Spanish American War. The men met and\n voted to serve anywhere they were sent and elected to serve\n under their own officers. When this reached the press, an\n uproar evolved over the latter statement. Some whites opposed\n the idea of black officers. The unit, nevertheless, moved to a\n training camp at Camp Poland near Knoxville, Tennessee. There,\n a rumor concerning the ouster of all black officers were\n proven to be true.","All black officers were ordered to take an exam to\n determine whether they would be allowed to keep their ranks.\n The black officers declared that they had all taken exams\n before training their ranks, and what if those exams were good\n enough then, they should be good enough now. When the second\n order was given, nine black officers resigned. White officers\n were immediately selected to fill the vacancies. The men of\n the 6th Virginia were very upset. Their former black officers\n asked them to go on without them. The war, however, ended so\n quickly that the men from Virginia never saw service in Cuba\n or the Philippines. The unit was discharged in Georgia in\n 1899. Virginia disbanded the black Volunteer companies and\n would not accept black again in the State National Guard for\n many years. Major Johnson continued to try and convince the\n governors of the state to allow the reformation of the black\n militia companies, but with no success.","Aside from a purely military function the black companies\n also served as social organs for the black community. Socials\n and picnics were held and enjoyed by all. The wives and\n sweethearts of the men formed various auxiliaries and took it\n upon themselves to help raise funds and to purchase such items\n as ceremonial swords and flags.","Major William Henry Johnson and his wife were members of\n the Gillfield Baptist Church , which has been located on Perry\n Street since 1815. He had been associated with the church\n since birth and was baptized in the year 1886. When the Rev.\n Mr. Henry Williams died in 1900 he became superintendent of\n the Gillfield Baptist Church Sunday School. He also served as\n church clerk and financial secretary, was a vice-president of\n the home mission and president of the Gillfield Baptist Church\n Temperance Society. He served the Bethany Baptist Sunday\n School Convention as president for twenty-five years and\n recording secretary for five years.","Although William Henry spent a considerable amount of time\n in other activities, he still found time to become involved\n with different groups around the city and state. He was\n vice-president of the Negro Organizational Society, which was\n founded in 1912 at Hampton Institute. This was and\n organization dedicated to the improvement of health, education\n and agriculture amongst black people. Johnson was one of the\n founders of a black Chamber of Commerce in Petersburg and\n served as their president in 1924. In 1925 he was elected\n vice-president of the Old Dominion Investment Company, a black\n local bank, and he was connected with the Ideal Investment\n Company and Realty Corporation of Virginia, also a local black\n banking concern.","Last but not least, he was one of the first black feature\n writers for a white southern newspaper. In 1919 the Petersburg\n Progress-Index engaged him to write a serious column about\n black life in the city. The column appeared first as \"Rome\n Street\" and was then renamed \"Subjects of Interest to Colored\n Readers.\" It lasted for 16 years, until 1935."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMajor William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Major William Henry Johnson Papers, Accession #1957-3,\n Johnston Memorial Library, Virginia State University."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n the issues of their day.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Major William Henry Johnson were given to\n Virginia State University around 1957. They reflect the\n accomplishments of a person born a slave of slave parents in\n an uncertain time. There is personal and business\n correspondence dating from 1884. Hundreds of photographs show\n the black population in and around Petersburg frozen in time,\n leaving us a vivid picture of what they considered important\n in their lives. Perhaps the most outstanding series of papers\n is that which concern most of his speeches and writings. These\n cover a variety of topics and gives us an idea of what the\n black elite thought about their own lives an how they viewed\n the issues of their day.","The Johnson papers are one of the most interesting bodies\n of papers left by a post-bellum black of this time period.\n They are a true reflection of a time now gone. These, and\n other items such as these, will help us to understand more\n about this time and the often-neglected role by blacks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe William Henry Johnson papers\n include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n educator, soldier and community leader.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The William Henry Johnson papers\n include correspondence, speeches, photographs and other\n documents. They reflect William Henry Johnson's life as an\n educator, soldier and community leader."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":381,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T18:22:00.819Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vipets_vipets00001_c03_c97"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c02","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"13.2: Rockefeller -- Congressional\n printed documents","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14","parent_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00003","vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","13: Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; Confirmation of Nelson A. Rockefeller as\n Vice President \n \n 1973-1974"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","13: Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; Confirmation of Nelson A. Rockefeller as\n Vice President \n \n 1973-1974"],"text":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","13: Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; Confirmation of Nelson A. Rockefeller as\n Vice President \n \n 1973-1974","13.2: Rockefeller -- Congressional\n printed documents","Carton \n 37"],"title_filing_ssi":"Rockefeller -- Congressional\n printed documents","title_ssm":["13.2: Rockefeller -- Congressional\n printed documents"],"title_tesim":["13.2: Rockefeller -- Congressional\n printed documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["13.2: Rockefeller -- Congressional\n printed documents"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":83,"containers_ssim":["Carton \n 37"],"_nest_path_":"/components#13/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00003.xml","title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["004"],"text":["004","M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006","This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials.","The Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.","The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"collection_ssim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers \n 1945-2006"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the library by M. Caldwell\n Butler in 1980-1983,1997,1999, 2004 and by his estate in 2015."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n consists of ca. 93 cubic feet of materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ford medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The Ford medical and financial records are closed."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eButler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026amp; Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manley Caldwell Butler was born June 2, 1925 in Roanoke,\n Virginia, where he lived most of his life until his death on \n July 28, 2014. Following service in the Navy in World War II,\n he received his A.B. from the University of Richmond\n in 1948 and his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law\n School in 1950. Butler married June Nolde in 1950. This union\n produced four sons: Manley, Henry, James and Marshall.","Butler served as the City of Roanoke Representative in\n 1960-1961. In 1962 he was elected to the Virginia House of\n Delegates. He was elected Minority Leader in 1966, a position\n he held until 1972 when he was elected to the 92nd U.S.\n Congress from the 6th District of Virginia. Butler served the\n 6th District for a decade. While serving on the Judiciary\n Committee, Butler participated in the impeachment action\n against President Richard M. Nixon during the summer of 1974.\n In the aftermath of Nixon's resignation, Butler was involved\n in the confirmation hearings of Gerald R. Ford and Nelson\n Rockefeller to serve as President and Vice President\n respectively. Butler was a principal architect of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. He was also a member of the\n Committee on Government Operations. In retirement, Butler\n served on the National Bankruptcy Review Commission in the\n years 1995-1997. ","A partner in the firm of Woods, Rogers \u0026 Hazelgrove of\n Roanoke, Virginia from 1983-1998, Mr. Butler held memberships\n in the American Bar Association, the Virginia State Bar, the\n Roanoke Bar Association, the American College of Bankruptcy,\n the Raven Society, the Order of the Coif, and the Board of\n Directors of Dominion Bank Shares Corp of Roanoke. He was also\n a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation and a Director of the\n American Bankruptcy Institute. His fraternal organization\n affiliations include Phi Beta Kappa, Tau Kappa Alpha, Omicron\n Delta Kappa and Phi Gamma Delta."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Caldwell Butler Papers, 1945-2006, Ms 004,\n Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee\n University School of Law, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese also document his official activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recordings range from appearances on \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFace the Nation \u003c/title\u003e to local forums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpeeches\u003c/emph\u003e(1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNewsletters\u003c/emph\u003e(1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eMembers Personal Voting\n Record\u003c/emph\u003ecovers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConstituency Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003eis\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials concerning the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eConfirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President\u003c/emph\u003einclude: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFord medical and financial records are closed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCongressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eimpeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon\u003c/emph\u003e. The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrevised and unedited\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003ePrinted Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBook II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAppendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI: Presidential Statements \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII: Papers in Criminal Cases \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII: Supplementary Documents \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV: Political Matters memoranda\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRoanoke Times\u003c/title\u003e, \n also published in the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginian-Pilot\u003c/title\u003e of the same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTime, Newsweek,\u003c/title\u003e and\n \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLife\u003c/title\u003e magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBankruptcy Materials\u003c/emph\u003eare 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Bar Association\n Journal\u003c/title\u003e(October, 1975).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003egeneral materials\u003c/emph\u003ehave been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e#I - LII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 19-June 14, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSeptember 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 10-May 1, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOctober 9-10, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNovember 13-14, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eDecember 4-5, 1972 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJanuary 15-16, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFebruary 22-24, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 15-17, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eApril 12-14, 1973 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJune 7-12, 1973\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(E) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(F) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(G) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(B) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(C)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(A) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e(B)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource 13 260;263 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 14 322-323 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 15 336 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 20 412-415 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 23A 502 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 50 549;554-555 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 30 587-588 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 31 595-596 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSource 33 612-613\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBooks for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLegal Services Corporation\n Act\u003c/emph\u003epapers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVoting Rights Act Extension\u003c/emph\u003eseries comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \n \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNational Bankruptcy Review\n Commission\u003c/emph\u003epapers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNavy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Content\n "],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n M(anley)Caldwell Butler\n Papers consist of approximately 96 cu. ft. of materials from 1925-2006. Most of the papers cover the periods 1972-1982 and 1995-1997. The papers are divided\n into seventeen series: June Nolde Butler papers; correspondence and subject files; military service; appointment calendars; campaigns; scrapbooks, clippings and photos; speeches; newsletters, press\n releases, radio reports and weekly reports; voting record;\n constituency correspondence; confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President; impeachment of President\n Richard M. Nixon; Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978;\n Legal Services Corporation; re-authorization of the Department of Justice\n for the Fiscal Year 1982; Voting Rights Act extension; the National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission, 1995-1997; and Artifacts, 1944-1998. With the exceptions of the first six series and National\n Bankruptcy Review Commission materials, these papers were\n generated during Butler's terms as U. S. Representative for\n the 6th Congressional District of Virginia, 1972 -1982 (93rd\n Congress - 97th Congress).","The refinement levels of processing are mixed. The gradual donation of materials over a period \n of 40 years is chiefly the cause. The Nixon Impeachment and Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 materials \n are mostly described down to the folder level. The National Bankruptcy Review Commission materials arrived largely self-arranged. \n Most other areas of the colleciton, however, are largely unprocessed beyond being sorted into tentative series.","This is particularly true of additions made in 2018 through the estate of Butler's son, James. This has resulted in a temporary \n box renumbering in boxes 1-7. There is also a box of artifacts added at the end of all of the papers.","Biographical materials,general correspondence, correspondence with parents and siblings,Letters, \n invitations, menus, calendars, subject files, photos, clippings, artifacts, photos scrapbook (1933-1950)\n and correspondence (1947-1950) with her future husband, M Caldwell Butler","Nixon Impeachment historical studies; Correspondence re publication of book, Stonewall Jim;\n GOP Gala, 2001; certificates of award and merit; records of naval service; education records \n and related materials.","Subjects include: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit; \n National Bankruptcy Review Commission; Sarah Butler Memorial; Sam Garrison Bar Discipline; \n Bankruptcy Law; Watergate/Impeachment; Susan Aheron; Butler for Governor; Newspaper Items; \n Legal Services Corporation; The Miller Center; and Virginia Cares.","Correspondence, subject files, surveys, election returns, and memorabilia","In addition to campaign and general coverage, these scrapbooks treat: editorials mentioning Butler; economic conferences; farm conferences; HUD and FMHA conferences; Lynchburg Weather Station; minority business conferences.","Most of these appear to have been kept by his Congressional Office Staff. They document his day-to-day official activities.","These also document his official activities.","The recordings range from appearances on Face the Nation to local forums.","There is a variety of publications on a variety of mainly political topics. forms of materials include trade books, government documents, brochures, and magazinies. ","Speeches (1964-2001; bulk 1973-1982) are also\n arranged chronologically. The audience, occasion, and\n location are usually noted. From January 1976 onward, a\n topical index is present in addition to the\n chronological listings that are available for all of the\n years. Some nine speeches are missing from the original\n inventory, while others not on that listing were found\n during processing and added to the finding aid.","Newsletters (1973-1981)were\n generated by Congressman Butler's staff to keep citizens\n of the Sixth District of Virginia informed on issues\n before the House, and on the activities of his office.\n The newsletters(N:) are arranged chronologically with an\n alphabetical reference index that has been updated\n through October 1, 1982. This index includes references\n to Radio Reports(RR#) and Weekly Reports(WR#). News\n (Press) Releases (1972-1982), Radio Reports (1973-1978),\n and Weekly Reports (1979-1982) are arranged\n chronologically and their indices provide brief\n summaries of the topics discussed.","The \n Members Personal Voting\n Record covers the period 1973-1982 (93rd Congress\n First Session to the 97th Congress Second Session). Each\n Congress' voting record is divided into two sessions. A\n cumulative record for each Congress is also present.\n Included here are: roll numbers, dates, daily record\n page number, description, and members response. Each\n record contains a roll call subject guide and an index\n to the voting record. Although Butler began his\n congressional term with the 92nd Congress, there is no\n personal voting record for this time.","The \n Constituency Correspondence is\n almost exclusively from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. The letters are divided into those\n favoring impeachment and those opposed to this action.\n There is also correspondence in reaction to the pardon\n of Nixon by President Gerald R. Ford.","Materials concerning the \n Confirmation of Gerald R. Ford as\n Vice President include: correspondence, memoranda,\n a briefing book, and transcriptions of testimony and\n proceedings during the hearings.","Ford medical and financial records are closed.","Congressman Butler sat on the House Judiciary\n committee that investigated and voted on the \n impeachment of President Richard M.\n Nixon . The impeachment materials are 15 cu. ft.\n in extent and include: narratives about the Watergate\n break-in and related events, and about the bombing of\n Cambodia; interview transcripts and recorded testimony\n of persons involved in Watergate activities; general\n impeachment inquiry materials(committee notebooks,\n personal notes, etc.); reports on White House\n Surveillance activities; Department of Justice/ITT\n Litigation; Milk Producers Cooperatives investigations;\n papers re the Judiciary Committee's \"Fragile Coalition\";\n general correspondence and memoranda; and printed\n materials. (See also, the series of constituent\n correspondence that precedes the impeachment materials.\n Butler kept an audio diary during the impeachment\n process, and these cassette recordings are included\n here, as are his written notes from this time. Also\n present are partial transcripts of an oral history\n project on the \"Fragile Coalition\" conducted in\n 1974.","Unrevised and unedited","The \n Printed Materials are primarily government documents\n from the period of the impeachment of\n Richard M. Nixon. Below is an enumeration of the titles present from donor gifts 1980-1983. Titles from additions, 1985-2015 are present in these boxes, but not yet listed below.","Book I: December 2, 1971 - June 17,\n 1972","Book I: June 19, 1972 - March 1, 1974 \n Book II: June 17, 1972 - February 9,\n 1973","Book III: June 20, 1972 - March 22,\n 1973","Book IV: March 22, 1973 - April 30,\n 1973","Appendix: Political Matters Memoranda \n I: Presidential Statements \n II: Papers in Criminal Cases \n III: Supplementary Documents \n IV: Political Matters memoranda","Executive Session Hearings Before the Select\n Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities\n of the United States Senate, November\n 13,14,15,16, December 4, 11, 1973.","There are three distinct audio recording projects documenting the days of the House\n Judiciary Committee Nixon Impeachment proceedings in July 1974. The first was part audio\n diary and part interviews involving Rep. Butler and reporter Wayne Woodlief. This project \n ran from May to early August 1974, with most of the recordings being from July. The recordings\n of most of these sessions -- some are missing; it is thought to be few, but there is no definitive \n way of knowing -- are in audio cassettes housed in box 55. There is a user set of CDs of these \n recordings in that box, and there are digital audio files of these tapes housed in Box on the Washington and Lee University \n network. There is also an incomplete set of transcripts for this project in box 54. Woodlief \n spoke of trying to produce a book at least partially based on these tapes. He sent such a proposal\n to Butler on July 10, 1975. The only printed product to emerge from these recordings, however, was \n an extensive article in the July 27, 1975 edition of The Roanoke Times , \n also published in the Virginian-Pilot of the same date.","The second recordings were much more limited in scope. On July 31, 1974, Butler sat down with\n Thomas Mooney, a Judiciary Committee attorney, to record on audiotape, their recollection of \n events as they unfolded on July 22-24. Their primary aim seems to have been capturing the \n drafting of the articles of impeachment. There are transcripts -- again just how complete cannot\n be determined, but not any recordings themselves.","The third project was the most ambitious. It was an attempt to record the Nixon Impeachment memories\n of all of the members of the so-called Fragile Coalition, those Democratic and Republican members of \n the House Judiciary Committee who held the swing votes on impeachment. They came together to draft \n articles of impeachment on which they could all vote \"yes\".","The organizers of this project were Thomas Mooney Sr., Stephen Lynch, and Father Donald Shea, longtime chair\n of the history department at St. Joseph College (Indiana). Mooney was a St. Joseph College alumnus and friend\n of Father Shea. The project was funded by St. Joseph College, and other private funds were solicited, as well.","The project had two parts. In the first part, the organizers interviewed members of the coalition \n individually in their Washington Congressional offices in June 1975. This was followed by a retreat on Hilton Head \n Island, SC in July 1975. Extensive aide memoire printed materials were gathered and given to each member of the coalition \n in advance. The recordings made there were in panel format only, with all of the Fragile Coalition members present.","There are no recordings from this project in the Butler papers. There are transcripts -- once again, there is no\n telling how complete -- from both the individual interviews and the Hilton Head panels. There is a third category of\n transcripts, those with interviewees' corrections handwritten on transcriptions. These corrected copies are from both the \n individual and group sessions. Some of these transcripts were sent to Butler and the Powell Archives by the University\n of Maine's Fogler Library which houses the papers of Fragile Coalition member William Cohen.","Unlike the printed materials that are found throughout the Impeachment series, these books and magazines\n are not government documents. There are copies of Time, Newsweek, and\n Life magazines from the time of the impeachment. There are also books and \n a college thesis giving retropective views on that period.","The \n Bankruptcy Materials are 18\n cu. ft. of papers documenting Butler's work in the\n drafting and passage of the legislation popularly known\n as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. Forms of materials\n present include: minutes of the Bankruptcy Commission,\n markup books on various versions of bankruptcy bills,\n memoranda, briefing materials, meetings transcripts,\n hearing transcripts, conference materials, Congressional\n Record Notebooks, audio tapes of markup sessions, and\n supplemental information on bankruptcy legislation with\n relevant testimony.","This material was arranged by Butler's office into\n three major components: 1)general materials in\n ring-binder notebooks to which Roman Numerals were\n assigned; 2)\"Supplemental Materials: ... \" filed in\n \"books\" numbered 1-45; and, 3) Ken Klee's research\n materials. The arrangement of these materials is not\n easily grasped, but the donor has provided a \"road map.\"\n A Butler document from around 1980 entitled \"The\n Narrative History of the Bankruptcy Act Revision\"\n provides a concise, informal legislative history of the\n Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 from Mr. Butler's\n perspective. It also discusses the creation and\n arrangement of these records and includes references to\n the Roman numeral numbering scheme employed by Butler's\n staff. This narrative is found in the first folder of\n the first box of bankruptcy materials(box 57). A second\n helpful narrative entitled \"The Establishment of the\n Commission\" states the reasons that impelled Congress to\n establish the Commission on Bankruptcy in June of 1970.\n This can be found in box 71 in the folder titled \"Mun.\n 5.\" Ken Klee's article on bankruptcy legislative (box\n 72) may also be of use in understanding events leading\n up to the 1978 act. The article is entitled, \"Congress\n and the Bankruptcy Act of 1976,\" and appeared in volume\n 61 of the \n American Bar Association\n Journal (October, 1975).","The \n general materials have been\n removed from the ring-binders, but the folders that now\n hold them are labeled with the Roman numeral\n corresponding to the binder in which they were formerly\n housed. Everything from 1971 research materials to the\n printed public law version of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform\n Act can be found here. Books and pamphlets printed by\n the Government Office of Printing are found in Roman\n numeral sections I and III-IX. Included here are the\n Commission on Bankruptcy Laws Report, H.R. 10792, H.R.\n 16643, Hearings on H.R. 31 and H.R. 32, Hearings on S.\n 235, S. 236, H.R. 6, and oversized side-by-side\n comparisons of VI (H) and XIII of H.R. 31 and 32 and S.\n 2266 and H.R. 8200 (stored in box 75).","All of the \"Supplemental Legislation and Testimony\"\n is contained in 45 \"books\" and includes correspondence,\n notes and paste-ups of various sections of proposed\n versions of the bankruptcy bill. Section \"F,\" of XLIII\n \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61, Folder 9 from the\n general materials described above) contains the index to\n the 45 books. Much of the contents are reiterations of\n information from the \"Roman numeral\" notebooks arranged\n for quick reference. Testimony is arranged by bill\n section.","The Ken Klee's bankruptcy files were created while\n Klee served as associate counsel for the Subcommittee on\n Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Committee\n on the Judiciary. They are 4 cu. ft. in extent and are\n divided into three sections: uniform bankruptcy file,\n municipal bankruptcy file (MUN), and bankruptcy act\n subject files. An index to Klee's files is contained in\n Section \"E\" of XLIII \"Conference Materials\" (Box 61,\n Folder 9). The Uniform Bankruptcy Files are arranged\n numerically beginning with the number 102 and contain\n statements, testimonies, correspondence, memoranda,\n drafts and other relevant materials regarding the\n proposed bankruptcy rules. The Municipal Bankruptcy File\n is arranged numerically. The files are designated MUN\n with a corresponding number. These files also contain\n drafts, testimonies, statements, memorandums and\n reports. Klee's Bankruptcy Subject Files are arranged\n alphabetically. Included here (under 'g') is general\n correspondence from 1973-1978.","#I - LII","(A) \n March 19-June 14, 1971 \n September 15,16-November 15, 1971 \n December 13-January 30,31, 1972 \n April 10-May 1, 1972 \n June 12-September 11-12, 1972 \n October 9-10, 1972 \n November 13-14, 1972 \n December 4-5, 1972","(B) \n December 4-5, 1972 \n January 15-16, 1973 \n February 22-24, 1973 \n March 15-17, 1973 \n April 12-14, 1973 \n June 7-12, 1973","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(E) \n (F) \n (G) \n (H) -- Side-by-Side of H.R. 31 and H.R.\n 32 (2 copies) September 2, 1975. In oversize\n carton 49.","(A) \n (B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","(A)","(B) \n (C)","(A) \n (B)","Source 13 260;263 \n Source 14 322-323 \n Source 15 336 \n Source 20 412-415 \n Source 23A 502 \n Source 50 549;554-555 \n Source 30 587-588 \n Source 31 595-596 \n Source 33 612-613","Books for S. 2266 and H.R. 8200; H.R. 31 and H.R. 32\n ","Published by San Diego Urban League,\n Inc.","Enclosed copy of RRRA and RRRRA","Legal Services Corporation\n Act papers consist of one cu. ft. of materials\n concerning the authorization of funding for this entity\n for the fiscal years 1982-1984. Included here are: the\n authorization bill, itself; correspondence; \"discussion\n papers\"; press clippings; transcripts of testimony and\n hearing proceedings. (The one file of material about the\n re-authorization of the Department of Justice follows\n the Legal Services papers.)","The \n Voting Rights Act Extension series comprises Butler's legislative papers as a member of the House Judiciary Committee during the consideration of the extension of this Act.","The \n National Bankruptcy Review\n Commission papers are from Butler's service as a\n member of that body from 1995-1997. These 16 cu. ft. of\n materials include: correspondence; meeting minutes;\n memoranda and documents distributed to commission\n members; and the report of the commission and drafts of\n that report.","Box 91 includes audio cassette of\n \"discharge/reaffirmation hearing,\" 1997.","Bicentennial of American Revolution Flag; Bicentennial Medal, 1976; American College of Bankruptcy Commendation plaque, March 14, 1998.","Navy hat, brass buttons, insignia, pins and dog tags.","Contents: 24\"x36 inch photo of Butler, c. 1961; House Concurrent Resolution 672, July 1, 1976; Washington and Lee University Honorary Doctor of Laws Diploma, June 1, 1978; Birthday card from staff, June 2, 1973; National Small Business Association Certificate of Recognition, October 1978; certificate, Governor George Allen (Virgini) naming Butler to Governor's Advisory Council on Self-Determination and Federalism, November 14, 1994."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":567,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T15:09:15.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00003_c14_c02"}},{"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c13","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"13. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick \n 1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02_c13","ref_ssm":["viu_viu02732_c02_c13"],"id":"viu_viu02732_c02_c13","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu02732_c02","parent_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu02732","viu_viu02732_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n \n 1980-1997"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n \n 1980-1997"],"text":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","Bound Volumes \n \n 1980-1997","13. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick \n 1990","Box 2"],"title_filing_ssi":"13. \n A Conservative View by\n James J. Kilpatrick \n 1990","title_ssm":["13. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick \n 1990"],"title_tesim":["13. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick \n 1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["13. \n A Conservative Viewby\n James J. Kilpatrick \n 1990"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":21,"containers_ssim":["Box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#12","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:35:10.999Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu02732","ead_ssi":"viu_viu02732","_root_":"viu_viu02732","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu02732","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu02732.xml","title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["6626-s"],"text":["6626-s","The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997","ca. 450 items (2\n Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n feet)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged chronologically by subject.","James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n Richmond News Leader ,\n television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n columnist.","This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n The Foxes' Union ;\n correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n National Geographic Traveler ,\n concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n Writer's Art.\"","See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","This collection consists of James\n J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n correspondence.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["6626-s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"collection_title_tesim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["The James J. Kilpatrick Papers, \n 1908,\n 1963-1997"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These papers were given to the University of Virginia\n Library by James J. Kilpatrick on June 8, 1998"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 450 items (2\n Hollinger boxes and 28 bound volumes, 11 linear\n feet)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eRichmond News Leader\u003c/title\u003e,\n television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n columnist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick (1920- ), is former editor of the \n Richmond News Leader ,\n television commentator, author, and syndicated newspaper\n columnist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Jackson Kilpatrick Papers, 1908, 1963-1997,\n Accession #6626-s, Special Collections Department,\n University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James Jackson Kilpatrick Papers, 1908, 1963-1997,\n Accession #6626-s, Special Collections Department,\n University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the additional papers of James\n J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Foxes' Union\u003c/title\u003e;\n correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNational Geographic Traveler\u003c/title\u003e,\n concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n Writer's Art.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the additional papers of James\n J. Kilpatrick, ca. 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts of\n his columns, \"A Conservative View,\" \"The Writer's Art and\n Covering the Courts,\" and \"The Writer's Art,\" bound into\n volumes. Some of the typescripts have autographs changes and\n corrections and others are labeled \"scanner ready copy.\"","Other papers include reporter's notebooks, 1978-1994;\n publication agreement and correspondence with EPM\n Publications, chiefly regarding his book, \n The Foxes' Union ;\n correspondence and contract with Universal Press Syndicate\n concerning a weekly column discussing language, its usage, and\n the art of writing, and the eventual publication of his\n columns in book form, including two publicity photographs of\n Kilpatrick; correspondence with \n National Geographic Traveler ,\n concerning his travel story, \"Richmond on The Noble James,\"\n and the typescript of the story; papers pertaining to his\n participation in the Black-Eyed Pea Society of America; and\n correspondence with readers concerning his column, \"The\n Writer's Art.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of James\n J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n correspondence.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of James\n J. Kilpatrick papers, 1908, 1963-1997, including typescripts\n of newspaper columns, notebooks, and\n correspondence."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:35:10.999Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu02732_c02_c13"}},{"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c13","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"13. American Flag \n \n 1955","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c13#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12_c13","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01993_c12_c13"],"id":"viu_viu01993_c12_c13","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01993_c12","parent_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01993","viu_viu01993_c12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA"],"text":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","SERIES XII: MEMORABILIA","13. American Flag \n \n 1955","Box 301"],"title_filing_ssi":"13. American Flag \n \n 1955","title_ssm":["13. American Flag \n \n 1955"],"title_tesim":["13. American Flag \n \n 1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["13. American Flag \n \n 1955"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2355,"containers_ssim":["Box 301"],"_nest_path_":"/components#11/components#12","timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01993","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01993","_root_":"viu_viu01993","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01993","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01993.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9973"],"text":["9973","Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956","The papers of Homer\n Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items.","There are no restrictions.","GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n of the series: \n I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n 207-233) \n V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n prints file) \n XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n XII. Memorabilia \n XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n 1939-1956 \n XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n XIX. Motion Picture Films \n XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n place first, followed by the other family members in\n alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n within each folder are in chronological order. \n 1. \n Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n 2. \n Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n 1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n 3. \n May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n 4. \n Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n 1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n and son. \n 5. \n Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n 1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n Cummings, and to her estate. \n 6. \n Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n death. \n 7. \n Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n 1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n corresponded with many political leaders and government\n officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n Walker. \n This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n 1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n Wilson. \n In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930. \n The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n 1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n 1. \n General Correspondence File :\n Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n file of their own. \n This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n politics, and general interest in national and international\n affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n folders. \n Of particular interest is correspondence between\n Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n Roosevelt. \n 2. \n Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n order: \n a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n secretaries. \n c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n in international affairs, and the World Court. \n A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n speeches about crime control and the administration of\n criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n judicial reorganization. \n A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n the presidential campaign of 1936. \n Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n that the second series is not complete even for its year\n range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n chronologically. \n 2. \n Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n he discussed his political and official activities including\n meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n contain many political references as well. There is also a\n travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n 2. \n Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n 1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n 1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n on these last two projects. \n Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n participated in historic events and associated with many other\n powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n would find them very useful. \n The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n Morgenthau. \n Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n and government, describing various Democratic National\n Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n particular contains several references to events in the years\n 1832-1937. \n ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n 1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n arranged chronologically. \n ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n 1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n 1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n correspondence, 1934-1938. \n ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n 1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n 1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n as attorney general, including: participation in national\n conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n was attorney general. \n The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n The second portion of the collection, the personal\n photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n The final portion of the collection contains\n photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n albums. \n A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n other relatives. \n ","The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n 1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n famous case of \n State V. Harold Israel in which\n he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n 1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n Liberty Under Law and\n Administration (1934); \n Federal Justice , with Carl\n McFarland (1937); \n We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n 1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.","The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n the material in the first category was generated by his\n service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n around party politics, national affairs, and various\n individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n corresponded with many government officials, political\n leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n working relationship between the two men and highlights\n Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n Federal Justice and \n The Biography of a Department ,\n correspondence about these books and \n The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n that is another valuable resource for students of\n twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n and telegrams. \n Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n 1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n 83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n 91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n the American Legion","See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["9973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, \n \n 1850-1956"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers were a gift to the library from Professor\n Carl McFarland, School of Law, University of Virginia, on\n 14 December 1976. They were originally deposited in the\n library on 21 June and 26 July 1974."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["The papers of Homer\n Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 shelf feet (ca. 124,000\n items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries, speeches,\n articles, legal case files, daily schedules, photographs,\n daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks,films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["GENERAL BACKGROUND The papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n of the series: \n I. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n II. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n III. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n IV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n 207-233) \n V. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n VII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n IX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n X. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n prints file) \n XI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n XII. Memorabilia \n XIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n XIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n XV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n 1939-1956 \n XVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n XVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n XVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n XIX. Motion Picture Films \n XX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n XXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n ","DESCRIPTION OF SERIES Series I: Family Papers This series consists of general personal correspondence\n and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n place first, followed by the other family members in\n alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n within each folder are in chronological order. \n 1. \n Homer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 : This group includes correspondence re:\n personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n 2. \n Audie S. Cummings, Papers,\n 1921-1925 : This group of correspondence and papers of\n Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n 3. \n May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955 : Letters\n of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n 4. \n Dickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n 1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953 : This\n correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n and son. \n 5. \n Helen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n 1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955 : This material\n relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n Cummings, and to her estate. \n 6. \n Julia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956 : This papers include\n correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n death. \n 7. \n Marguerite T. Owings Cummings\n (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955 : Most of these papers\n concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n ","Series II: Political Papers to 1933,\n 1899-1933 This series includes correspondence and papers on the\n following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n corresponded with many political leaders and government\n officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n Walker. \n This group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n 1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n Wilson. \n In addition to the political correspondence, there are\n papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930. \n The papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n ","Series III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n 1933-1956 This series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n 1. \n General Correspondence File :\n Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n file of their own. \n This correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n politics, and general interest in national and international\n affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n The researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n folders. \n Of particular interest is correspondence between\n Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n The \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n Roosevelt. \n 2. \n Miscellaneous Papers . This is\n an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n order: \n a) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n b) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n secretaries. \n c) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n d) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n ","Series IV: Speeches and Articles 1. \n Speeches, 1886-1950 : This\n series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n The speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n Speeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n in international affairs, and the World Court. \n A number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n speeches about crime control and the administration of\n criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n judicial reorganization. \n A few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n the presidential campaign of 1936. \n Following Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n that the second series is not complete even for its year\n range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n chronologically. \n 2. \n Articles, 1918-1945 : Cummings'\n articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n ","Series V. Literary Papers 1. \n Diaries, 1919-1956 : Cummings\n kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n he discussed his political and official activities including\n meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n contain many political references as well. There is also a\n travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n 2. \n Literary Papers, 1750-1953 :\n This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n 1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n 1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n on these last two projects. \n Two card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n The twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n participated in historic events and associated with many other\n powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n All but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n would find them very useful. \n The earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n The diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n From the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n Morgenthau. \n Besides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n Following his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n and government, describing various Democratic National\n Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n particular contains several references to events in the years\n 1832-1937. \n ","VI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) This group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n 1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n arranged chronologically. \n ","Series VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n 1892-1953 There are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n 1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n correspondence, 1934-1938. \n ","Series VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 Many excellent photographs, of a personal and\n professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n 1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n 1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n as attorney general, including: participation in national\n conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n The personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n A final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n was attorney general. \n The photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n The second portion of the collection, the personal\n photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n The final portion of the collection contains\n photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n albums. \n A few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n other relatives. \n "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n D. Lockwood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n 1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n famous case of \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eState V. Harold Israel\u003c/title\u003ein which\n he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n 1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n resolutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n at the Connecticut State Prison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n valuable that the president asked him to remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n judicial system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n court-packing measure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was the author of four books: \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLiberty Under Law and\n Administration\u003c/title\u003e(1934); \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e, with Carl\n McFarland (1937); \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWe Can Prevent Crime\u003c/title\u003e(1937); and\n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Tired Sea\u003c/title\u003e(1939) as well as\n numerous articles and speeches.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n and Omicron Delta Kappa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n 1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The only son of Uriah and Audie Schuyler (Stille) Cummings,\n Homer Stille Cummings was born in Chicago, Illinois, on 30\n April 1870. He received his early education at the Heathcote\n School in Buffalo, New York. In 1891, he graduated from Yale\n University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy, and two\n years later, he took an LL.B. degre from Yale Law School.\n Subsequently, he received several honorary degrees in law,\n from Rollins College, Lake Forest Univesity, and Oglethorpe\n University, in 1934, Lincoln Memorial University and John\n Marshall College of Law, in 1935, and Pennsylvania Military\n College in 1938. Admitted to the Connecticut STate Bar, he\n commenced in 1895 a long legal career by practicing law in\n Stamford where he became a member of the firm of Fessenden,\n Carter, and Cummings. He practiced alone from 1900 to 1909,\n then organizing the firm of Cummings and Lockwood with Charles\n D. Lockwood.","In 1900, Cummings was elected mayor of Stamford, and\n subsequently twice re-elected. For two years, he was president\n of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut, and from 1903 to\n 1909, president of the Stamford Board of Trade. Elected\n delegate to the Democratic National Convention and Democratic\n National Committeeman for Connecticut in 1900, he held the\n latter position of twenty-five years. He was nominated by his\n party for the position of representative-at-large in Congress,\n but the Republican majority in Connecticut was such that there\n was little chance of election. From 1913 to 1919, he was\n vice-chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Cummings\n was early on a strong supporter of Woodrow Wilson, and\n identified with the progressive wing of the Democratic\n party.","Cummings served as state's attorney for Fairfield County\n from 1914 to 1924. During this period, he was involved in the\n famous case of \n State V. Harold Israel in which\n he successfully cleared an innocent man of a murder charge.\n During World War I, Cummings was a member of the Connecticut\n State Council of Defense. In 1916, he was the Democratic\n candidate for the U.S. Senate, losing by a narrow margin. He\n was elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee in\n 1919, and was chosen temporary chairman of the Democratic\n National Convention at San Francisco in 1920. His keynote\n speech at the convention staunchly defended the\n accomplishments of the Wilson administration. Again a delegate\n to the party convention in 1924 in New York, he was a leader\n of the McAdoo forces, and was chairman of the committee on\n resolutions.","In 1925, Cummings resigned from the Democratic National\n Committee to devote himself to the practice of law. He acted\n as special trial counsel in important cases in many\n jurisdictions, and gained further experience in the areas of\n monopoly, civil rights, and procedure. In 1930, Governor\n Trumbull appointed him head of an investigation of conditions\n at the Connecticut State Prison.","Cummings was a firm supporter of Franklin Delano Roosevelt\n in 1932 and assisted in the organization of his campaign. A\n delegate-at-large to the Chicago convention of the party, he\n acted as one of the floor leaders for Roosevelt and made a\n speech seconding his nomination. He campaigned actively for\n Roosevelt in the months that followed. After the election, it\n was announced that Cummings had been offered the position of\n governor-general of the Philippines. But on the sudden death\n of Senator Thomas J. Walsh, who had been selected for the post\n of attorney general, Roosevelt drafted Cummings for this post.\n It was at first assumed that Cummings would serve only\n temporarily and that he would eventually assume the\n Philippines post, but his work as attorney general was so\n valuable that the president asked him to remain.","Cummings played an influential role in the Roosevelt\n administration. In the early days of 1933, he assisted the\n president by drawing up emergency legislation such as the\n Emergency Banking Act, and several executive orders relating\n to gold. He reorganized the Department of Justice, and greatly\n strengthened the power of the Federal Bureau of Investigation\n by proposing comprehensive anti-crime legislation relating to\n kidnapping, national bank robbery, extortion, and\n racketeering. Personally interested in the prison division of\n the department, hew as responsible for substantial\n improvements in the federal penal system. Many new\n institutions, including Alcatraz Prison, were constructed\n under his administration. Cummings attempted to break up\n monopolies, and directed the Justice Department to start\n proceedings against some of the large oil companies. In his\n own opinion, his most important accomplishment was the reform\n of civil procedure in the federal courts. He persuaded\n Congress to pass a law giving the justices of the Supreme\n Court authority to prepare and promulgate, in September 1938,\n uniform rules of practice in the federal courts. The purpose\n of this measure was the elimination of as much legal\n technicality and red tape as possible from the federal\n judicial system.","In his first four years in the cabinet, Cummings was asked\n to defend the constitutionality of many New Deal enactments.\n He was successful in the case of dollar devaluation, the\n Tennessee Valley Authority, the Securities and Exchange\n Commission, and other measures, as they were upheld by the\n Supreme Court. But Roosevelt was frustrated by the fact that\n the court did declare unconstitutional some important New Deal\n enactments including the National Recovery Administration. The\n president's dismay set the stage for the most controversial\n episode in Cummings' career, the Supreme Court Reorganization\n Bill, better known as the court-packing bill. Cummings\n suggested a plan by which the president could appoint a new\n justice or federal judge to the bench for each judge who had\n served at least ten years, who waited more than six months\n after his seventieth birthday to resign or retire. The\n president would be allowed to appoint up to six new justices\n to the Supreme Court, and forty-five new judges to lower\n federal tribunals. The result , of this plan, Cummings and\n Roosevelt hoped, would be the appointment of men of a more\n liberal attitude, better disposed toward the New Deal\n philosophy than the sitting justices. The president attempted\n to present the bill as a proposal designed to maximize\n efficiency, but his true intentions were obvious. Spring on an\n unsuspecting Congress and nation in February 1937, the\n court-packing bill aroused widespread opposition; many people\n interpreted the plan as an attack on the Supreme Court and the\n Constitution. The bill was ultimately defeated by the senate,\n but it destroyed Democratic unity and strengthened the\n anti-New Deal coalition in the process. Cummings was\n subsequently involved in a primary \"purge\" campaign, in which\n the administration attempted to unseat some of the Democrats\n in Congress who had assisted in the defeat of the\n court-packing measure.","In 1938, Cummings was chosen by Argentina and Chile to\n arbitrate the Beagle Channel Islands controversy. Cummings\n resigned his post on January 2, 1939, and practiced law in\n Washington with the firm of Cummings and Stanley, subsequently\n Cummings, Stanley, Truitt, and Cross. He personally argued\n many cases in circuit courts and in the Supreme Court.","He was the author of four books: \n Liberty Under Law and\n Administration (1934); \n Federal Justice , with Carl\n McFarland (1937); \n We Can Prevent Crime (1937); and\n The Tired Sea (1939) as well as\n numerous articles and speeches.","Cummings was a member of the First Congregational Church,\n Stamford, and a trustee of George Washington University. He\n belonged to many organizations, including the American Society\n of International Law, the American Law Institute, the American\n Judicature Society, the Yale, Metropolitan, and Burning Tree\n Clubs, the Masons, Old Fellows, Elks, Eagles, Phi Alpha Delta,\n and Omicron Delta Kappa.","Cummings married Helen Woodruff Smith in June 1897. They\n had one son, Dickinson Schuyler Cummings, born in June 1898.\n They were divorced in October 1907. In December 1909, Cummings\n married Marguerite T. Owings, from whom he was divorced in\n 1928. He married May Cecilia Waterbury in August 1929. She\n died in 1939. In 1942, he married Julia Alter, who died in\n February 1955. Cummings died of heart failure at his home on\n September 11, 1956, at the age of eighty-six."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n 9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n Library, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Homer Stille Cummings, 1850-1956, Accession #\n 9973, Special Collections Dept., University of Virginia\n Library, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n court-packing struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n the material in the first category was generated by his\n service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n around party politics, national affairs, and various\n individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second group of political papers primarily relate to\n Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n corresponded with many government officials, political\n leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n working relationship between the two men and highlights\n Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n travel diaries, are also found here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe many speeches and articles included in the collection\n reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003eand \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Biography of a Department\u003c/title\u003e,\n correspondence about these books and \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Selected Letters of Homer S.\n Cummings\u003c/title\u003e, and research material for projected books on\n military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eFederal Justice\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n that is another valuable resource for students of\n twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n clippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence deals with capture of this\n dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n investigation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n trials in Russia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBenjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHarry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCharles Devens (1877-1881) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJohn W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJudson Harmon (1895-1897) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePhilander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLevi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJoseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eJames C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWaynes McVeagh (1881) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eWilliam H. Moody (1904-1906) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Olney (1893-1895) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRichard Rush (1814-1817) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEdwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAlphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eGeorge H. Williams (1872-1875) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGroup I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n and telegrams. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 1-7 (Box 284)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 8-13 (Box 285)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 14-18 (Box 286)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 19-24 (Box 287)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 25-30 (Box 288)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 31-36 (Box 289)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 37-41 (Box 290)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 42-46 (Box 291)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 47-52 (Box 292)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 53-57 (Box 293)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eVols. 58-60 (Box 294)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n newspaper clippings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n newspaper clippings \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n 1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n 83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n 91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n sympathy cards)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n public support.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n last May.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n Head, Speak.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstallation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n the American Legion\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Homer Stille Cummings consist of 171.2 feet\n (ca. 124,000 items) of correspondence, memoranda, diaries,\n speeches, articles, legal case files, daily schedules,\n photographs, daguerreotypes, engravings, newspaper clippings,\n scrapbooks, films, phonograph records, memorabilia, and other\n items, for the years 1850 (1890-1956) relating to Cummings'\n long career as lawyer, Democratic Party leader, and attorney\n general in the administration of President Franklin D.\n Roosevelt. Family, legal, political, and official papers\n reflect Cummings' far-ranging activities and interests; the\n value of the papers lies in their unusual scope and breadth.\n The collection includes Cummings' correspondence, telegrams,\n and memoranda with Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt,\n and a group of papers that document his role in the historic\n court-packing struggle.","Cummings' political papers fall into two major categories,\n one group ranging from 1899 to 1933, and the second from the\n time he assumed a post in the Roosevelt cabinet until his\n death in 1956. There are few papers, unfortunately, relating\n to his tenure as mayor of Stamford, Connecticut. The bulk of\n the material in the first category was generated by his\n service with the Democratic National Committee; the\n corresponded between Cummings and Wilson, which resolves\n around party politics, national affairs, and various\n individuals, sheds light on Wilson and politician. In a number\n of interesting memoranda, Cummings discussed Wilson and\n described various meetings with him. In his capacities as\n vice-chairman and then chairman of the National Committee,\n Cummings corresponded extensively with Democratic party\n leaders and government officials, including Vance c.\n McCormick, William G. McAdoo, Cordell Hull, and Edwin M.\n House. His involvement in matters in his home state is\n documented by much material on Connecticut politics, the\n investigation of the Connecticut State prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930, and the Harold Israel case.","The second group of political papers primarily relate to\n Cummings' tenure as attorney general, and reveal his\n continuing interest in Democratic Party politics. He\n corresponded with many government officials, political\n leaders, members of Congress, and judges, such as Benjamin N.\n Cordozo, James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, J. Edgar Hoover,\n Robert H. Jackson, and Harry S. Truman. The topics of the\n letters include national affairs, politics, Justice Department\n policy (FBI material has been reviewed and declassified by the\n FBI), judicial reform, and the international situation.\n Cummings' correspondence with Roosevelt reveals the close\n working relationship between the two men and highlights\n Roosevelt's political career. Their letters concern the\n administration of the Justice Department, the progress of New\n Deal legislation, and related juridical matters. Of particular\n interest are correspondence and papers concerning the\n reorganization, or court-packing, plan, and the gold cases.\n Memoranda, case files, circulars, press releases, and printed\n material supplement the correspondence of the attorney\n general.","The collection includes a number of family papers, ca.\n 1890-1956 of Cummings, his mother, wives, and son. Much of\n this material is of a financial and legal nature, relating to\n taxes, divorce proceedings, and estates. There is\n correspondence between Cummings and his wives Marguerite T.\n Owings Cummings, and Julia M. Alter Cummings, and his son\n Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Letters about the annual Homer S.\n Cummings Golf Tournament, miscellaneous school notebooks and\n travel diaries, are also found here.","The many speeches and articles included in the collection\n reflect Cummings' own interests and official responsibilities,\n and cover such topics as national and Connecticut politics,\n criminal justice, judicial reorganization, and international\n affairs. There is also speech research material and related\n correspondence. A number of speeches by other individuals on a\n wide range of subjects, especially members of the Justice\n Department speaking on crime suppression, are in the\n collection.","In Cummings' personal and political diaries, 1919-1956, he\n recorded his daily activities and described meetings, trips,\n and his colleagues. These diaries are a very valuable source\n in themselves, because Cummings was a shrewd and seasoned\n commentator on political affairs. The drafts of his books \n Federal Justice and \n The Biography of a Department ,\n correspondence about these books and \n The Selected Letters of Homer S.\n Cummings , and research material for projected books on\n military law and the Lands Division, indicate Cummings'\n research-writing interests. There are many source files, with\n abstracts of legal and historical data, used for \n Federal Justice .","Cummings' flourishing law practice in Stamford,\n Connecticut, and Washington, D.C., is documented by\n correspondence, papers, and many legal case files.","The Cummings Papers contain a wealth of non-print material\n that is another valuable resource for students of\n twentieth-century America. There are many professional and\n personal photographs of Cummings, his colleagues and family,\n daguerreotypes, and ambrotypes, a series of engravings of the\n attorney generals, political cartoons, and miscellaneous\n certificates. Films, phonograph records, scrapbooks, and\n memorabilia round out the collection. Some of the scrapbooks\n contain correspondence and photographs as well as newspaper\n clippings.","Correspondence deals with capture of this\n dangerous criminal and attendant FBI\n investigation","includes long Russian paper re: 1937 treason show\n trials in Russia","Jeremiah Black (1857-1860) \n Charles J. Bonaparte (1906-1909) \n Benjamin H. Brewster (1881-1909) \n Harry M. Daughtery (1921-1924) \n Charles Devens (1877-1881) \n William M. Evarts (1868-1869) \n Thomas Watt Gregory (1914-1919) \n John W. Griggs (1898-1901) \n Judson Harmon (1895-1897) \n Philander C. Knox (1901-1904) \n Levi Lincoln (1801-1804) \n Joseph McKenna (1897-1898) \n James C. McReynolds (1913-1914) \n Waynes McVeagh (1881) \n William H.H. Miller (1889-1893) \n William H. Moody (1904-1906) \n Richard Olney (1893-1895) \n A. Mitchell Palmer (1919-1921) \n Edwards Pierrepont (1875-1876) \n Edmund Randolph (1789-1794) \n Richard Rush (1814-1817) \n Edwin M. Stanton (1860-1861) \n Alphonzo Taft (1876-1877) \n George W. Wickersham (1909-1913) \n George H. Williams (1872-1875) \n ","Group I. Volumes 1-60, so labelled, of scrapbooks\n of materials related to Homer Stille Cummings' professional\n activities, including newspaper clippings, articles,\n photographs, invitations, programs, cards, letters\n and telegrams. \n Vols. 1-7 (Box 284) Vol. 1: 1896 September-1897 April \n Vol. 2: 1897 April-1898 September \n Vol. 3: 1898 September-1899 December \n Vol. 4: 1900 January-1900 June \n Vol. 5: 1900 July-1900 October \n Vol. 6: 1900 October-1901 March \n Vol. 7: 1901 April-1902 March \n Vols. 8-13 (Box 285) Vol. 8: 1902 May-1902 October \n Vol. 9: 1902 October-1904 January \n Vol. 10: 1904 January-1904 September \n Vol. 11: 1904 September-1906 March \n Vol. 12: 1906 March-1908 December \n Vol. 13: 1909 January-1912 April \n Vols. 14-18 (Box 286) Vol. 14: 1912 April-1912 December \n Vol. 15: 1913 February-1914 June \n Vol. 16: 1914 May-1916 June \n Vol. 17: 1916 June-1916 October \n Vol. 18: 1916 October-1917 January \n Vols. 19-24 (Box 287) Vol. 19: 1917 March-1919 March \n Vol. 20: 1919 March-1919 June \n Vol. 21: 1919 April-1919 July \n Vol. 22: 1919 July-1920 January \n Vol. 23: 1920 January-1920 April \n Vol. 24: 1920 April-1920 July \n Vols. 25-30 (Box 288) Vol. 25: 1920 June-1920 September \n Vol. 26: 1919 November-1921 May \n Vol. 27: 1920 June-1922 June \n Vol. 28: 1922 June-1924 February \n Vol. 29: 1924 February-1924 July \n Vol. 30: 1924 August-1930 April \n Vols. 31-36 (Box 289) Vol. 31: 1930 April-1932 July \n Vol. 32: 1932 July-1933 March \n Vol. 33: 1933 March-1933 November \n Vol. 34: 1933Dec-1934 January \n Vol. 35: 1933 April-1934 May \n Vol. 36: 1934 April-1934 June \n Vols. 37-41 (Box 290) Vol. 37: 1934 June-1934 September \n Vol. 38: 1934 September-1935 January \n Vol. 39: 1934 December-1935 \n Vol. 40: 1935 May-1935 October \n Vol. 41: 1935 August-1936 February \n Vols. 42-46 (Box 291) Vol. 42: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 43: 1936 June-1936 November \n Vol. 44: 1936 October-1937 January \n Vol. 45: 1937 January-1937 April \n Vol. 46: 1937 April-1937 June \n Vols. 47-52 (Box 292) Vol. 47: 1937 July-1938 January \n Vol. 48: 1938 January-1938 April \n Vol. 49: 1938 May-1938 October \n Vol. 50: 1938 November-1939 December \n Vol. 51: 1938 November-1939 January \n Vol. 52: 1939 January-1940 January \n Vols. 53-57 (Box 293) Vol. 53: 1940 February-1942 September \n Vol. 54: 1942 September-1944 November \n Vol. 55: 1944 November-1945 July \n Vol. 56: 1945 July-1946 September \n Vol. 57: 1946 September-1948 December \n Vols. 58-60 (Box 294) Vol. 58: 1938 July-1950 November \n Vol. 59: 1950 September-1952 August \n Vol. 60: 1952 July-1956 June","Vol. 61 (1914 December-1916 December) \n Vol. 62 (1917 January-1924 November) \n Vol. 63 (1919 May-1919 June)","Vol. 64 (1933): Letters arranged alphabetically,\n A-F, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 65 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, G-M, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 66 (1933): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, N-Z, received by Homer Stille Cummings \n Vol. 67 (1938 November-1939 January): Letters arranged\n alphabetically, received by Homer Stille Cummings","Vol. 68: 1936 February-1936 July \n Vol. 69: 1936 July-1936 December \n Vol. 70: 1936 December-1937 April \n Vol. 71: 1937 April-1937 November \n Vol. 72: 1937 November-1938 October \n Vol. 73: 1938 October-1938 December \n ","Vol. 74 (1933-1937): Scrapbook of photographs \n Vol. 75a (1920-1942): Scrapbook of New York\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 75b (1933 January-1934 January): Scrapbook of\n newspaper clippings \n Vol. 76 (1934 December): Scrapbook of materials re:\n Attorney General's Conference on Crime \n Vol. 77 (1935 February-1938 December): Autograph book","Vol. 78: 1933 March-1934 July Vol. 79: 1934\n July-1935 March Vol. 80: 1935 March-1935 December Vol. 81:\n 1935 December-1936 November Vol. 82: 1936 December-1937 April Vol.\n 83: 1937 April-1937 September Vol. 84: 1937 April-1937\n June (oversized scrapbook clippings and photographs\n from Nancy Randolph's columns) Vol. 85: 1937 October-1938\n June Vol. 86: 1938 May-1939 June","Vol. 87: 1939 August (Letters \"Alley\" to \"Cummings\")\n Vol. 88: 1939 August (Letters \"Daglish\" to \"Ickes\")\n Vol. 89: 1939 August (Letters \"Jackson\" to \"O'Connor\")\n Vol. 90: 1939 August (Letters \"Parker\" to \"Swope\") Vol.\n 91: 1939 August (Letters \"Walker\" to \"Zak,\" also\n sympathy cards)","Vol. 92: 1900-1903 (Scrapbooks of illustrations\n and newspaper photographs) Vol. 93: 1900-1904\n (Scrapbook of poetry: Uriah Cummings) Vol. 94: 1901\n December-1910 March (Scrapbook of newspaper clippings,\n stories, letters of Uriah Cummings)","\"New York--A Rockefeller's prints go on record --\n Attorney General Cummings, in Washington, urges\n public support.\"","\"Dallas -- 22 nabbed by U.S. agents for aiding\n southwest desperado Clyde Barrow, slain in gunfight\n last May.\"","\"New York -- Gangster income from policy racket\n shown to be 200 million yearly! Sensational expose\n uncovers nation-wide scandal.\"","[Ceremony establishing a \"Univesity of Crime\"]","\"Washington -- President at dedication of\n Department's new $11,000,000 home! Attorney General\n Cummings and S[cott] M[arion] Loftin, Bar Association\n Head, Speak.\"","Installation of Edward A. Hayes as Commander of\n the American Legion"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n \n University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2709,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:43:15.989Z","arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eGENERAL BACKGROUND\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers arrived at the library largely in folders\n with Cummings' original headings, and in rough chronological\n order. There was a general correspondence file marked \"A.G.\n (Attorney General) Personal,\" with Cummings' correspondence\n and papers for his years as attorney general and beyond, and\n clusters of papers concerning other aspects of his career.\n Cummings' folder headings have been retained, and the folders\n have been groupd in several broad categories, and then\n arranged either chronologically or alphabetically. See the\n specific descriptions below for details. The material within\n each folder is in chronological order. Following is the list\n of the series: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eI. Family Papers, ca. 1890-1956 (Boxes 1-43) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eII. Political Papers to 1933, 1899-1933 (Boxes 44-68) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIII. Correspondence of the Attorney General and\n post-Attorney General, 1933-1956 (Boxes 69-207) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIV. Speeches, 1886-1950 and Articles, 1918-1945 (Boxes\n 207-233) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eV. Diaries, 1919-1956, Literary Papers, ca. 1750-1953,\n (Boxes 234-255 and Source Files) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953, and Legal\n Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956) (Boxes 256-258) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVII. Miscellaneous Papers, 1892-1953 (Boxes 259-263) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eVIII. Photographs, 1870-1953, Daguerreotypes and\n Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870 (Boxes 264-280) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIX. Newspaper Clippings, 1888-1955 (Boxes 281-283) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eX. Engravings of United States Attorney Generals (in\n prints file) \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXI. Scrapbooks, 1896-1956 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXII. Memorabilia \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIII. Index Files, ca. 1850-1938 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIV. Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXV. Legal Case Files (Post-Attorney General Years), ca.\n 1939-1956 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVI. Certificates, 1887-1947 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVII. Political Cartoons, 1933-1945 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXVIII. Miscellaneous Items, 1792-1950 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXIX. Motion Picture Films \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXX. Cased Photographs, ca. 1850- 1870 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eXXI. Phonograph Recordings, 1920- 1953 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDESCRIPTION OF SERIES\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"bold\" href=\"\"\u003eSeries I: Family Papers\u003c/title\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of general personal correspondence\n and papers of Cummings; his mother, Audie S. Cummings; his\n four wives: Helen W. Smith Cummings, Marguerite T. Owings\n Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, Julia M. Alter\n Cummings; and his son Dickinson Schuyler Cummings. Much of the\n material is of a financial nature. Cummings' own papers are\n place first, followed by the other family members in\n alphabetical order by first name. The papers of each are\n arranged by topic, and chronologically therein. The items\n within each folder are in chronological order. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHomer S. Cummings Papers, ca.\n 1890-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This group includes correspondence re:\n personal affairs, business, investments, taxes, and the Homer\n S. Cummings Golf Tournament. There are also miscellaneous\n notebooks, travel diaries, and Christmas cards. The general\n correspondence is place first, followed by the Golf Tournament\n correspondence and miscellaneous items. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAudie S. Cummings, Papers,\n 1921-1925\u003c/emph\u003e: This group of correspondence and papers of\n Cummings relates to Audie S. Cummings' (1846-1924) estate. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e3. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMay Cecilia Waterbury Cummings (4\n November 1898-9 August 1939) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Letters\n of Cecilia Cummings, and correspondence and papers relating to\n her estate and other financial affairs, comprise this group. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e4. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDickinson S. Cummings (17 June\n 1898-10 October 1953) Papers, 1905- 1953\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n correspondence principally concerns the estate of Dickinson S.\n Cummings, but there is a little correspondence between father\n and son. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e5. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eHelen W. Smith Cummings (11 December\n 1864-13 October 1954) Papers, 1909- 1955\u003c/emph\u003e: This material\n relates to the divorce of Cummings and Helen W. Smith\n Cummings, and to her estate. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e6. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eJulia M. Alter Cummings (1906-13\n February 1955) Papers, 1936-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: This papers include\n correspondence between Cummings and Julia, letters of\n congratulations on their marriage, and condolences on her\n death. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e7. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMarguerite T. Owings Cummings\n (1878-??) Papers, 1909-1955\u003c/emph\u003e: Most of these papers\n concern the divorce of Cummings and Marguerite, and her\n estate, and include some correspondence between them. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Political Papers to 1933,\n 1899-1933\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series includes correspondence and papers on the\n following topics: politics in general, Connecticut politics in\n particular, the Connecticut Women Suffrage Association, and\n the Democratic Town Committee. Cummings' service on the\n Democratic National Committee is amply documented by letters\n concerning strategy, finance, publicity, campaigns, the\n Speakers' Bureau, women's suffrage, and prohibition. He\n corresponded with many political leaders and government\n officials including Newton D. Baker, Josephus Daniels, Carter\n Glass, H.T. Gregory, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, W.D.\n Jamieson, William G. Madoo, Vance C. McCormick, J.C.\n McReynolds, and Henry Morgenthau. There is later\n correspondence, ca. 1931-1932, relating to the presidential\n campaign of Franklin D. Roosevelt, with James A. Farley,\n George H. Combs, Louis Howe, Daniel C. Roper, and Frank C.\n Walker. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group includes one box of Woodrow Wilson material,\n including correspondence between Wilson and Cummings, and a\n series of telegrams exchanged by the two when Cummings was\n serving as chairman of the Democratic National Convention in\n 1920. The correspondence principally relates to Democratic\n party affairs and the work of the National Committee. There is\n also a draft of a speech by Wilson, and a number of\n interesting and detailed memoranda written by Cummings about\n Wilson. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eIn addition to the political correspondence, there are\n papers relating to the Harold Israel case, and to the\n investigation of the Connecticut State Prison at Wethersfield\n in 1930. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe papers are arranged by topic, and the subject\n groupings are placed in a chronological sequence. The material\n within each folder is arranged chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Correspondence of the Attorney\n General and from the Post-Attorney General Period,\n 1933-1956\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis series consists of two groups of papers: 1) a\n general correspondence file and 2) miscellaneous papers. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eGeneral Correspondence File\u003c/emph\u003e:\n Cummings kept his general correspondence files, which was\n labeled \"A.G. Personal,\" when he left his post and continued\n to add to it until his death. It contained political,\n official, and personal correspondence and papers. The heading\n \"A.G. Personal\" has been retained. A number of folders with\n material that is similar in content, which may well have been\n part of the original file, have been labeled \"Correspondence\n of H.S.C.,\" and interfiled with the \"A.G. Personal\" folders.\n Some of the files relate to a specific individual, others to a\n topic. The folders have been placed in alphabetical order by\n subject, and the items within each folder in chronological\n order. For each letter of the alphabet, first there are\n several folders marked \"General,\" where correspondence was\n placed for individuals or topics that did not have a separate\n file of their own. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis correspondence relates to Cummings' service as\n attorney general, his active involvement in Democratic party\n politics, and general interest in national and international\n affairs. Cummings correspondence with a wide range of\n government officials, members of Congress, judges, Democratic\n leaders, personal friends, and associates. The letters cover\n such areas as Justice Department policy and administration,\n crime, judicial reform, the national political climate, New\n Deal legislation, and foreign affairs, with a focus on Latin\n America. The many persons with whom Cummings correspond\n include Alben Barkley, Benjamin N. Cardozo, Tom C. Clark,\n James A. Farley, David Fitzgerald, Felix Frankfurter, J. Edgar\n Hoover, Robert H. Jackson, Jesse Jones, William A. Julian,\n Brien McMahon, Harlan F. Stone, and Harry L. Truman. Cummings\n maintained files on many organizations, including the American\n Bar Association, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the\n National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.\n There are some interesting files on the Dominican Republic,\n including correspondence between Cummings and Generalissimo\n Trujillo. In addition to the political and official material,\n there are letters of a purely personal nature, largely\n pertaining to Cummings' social life. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe researcher is cautioned that the very rich\n correspondence in this group cuts across individual and\n topical areas. Material relating to J. Edgar Hoover, or\n judicial reform, for instance, is contained in many disparate\n folders. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOf particular interest is correspondence between\n Cummings and Roosevelt, 1917-1945, which has been placed at\n the end of the first group in the series. The principal topic\n is Democratic party politics, with a focus on Roosevelt's\n political career. The letters also touch on Justice Department\n policy, pending legislation, legal cases, and appointments.\n There is some material here on the court-packing struggle, but\n the researcher is referred as well to the judicial\n reorganization papers in the miscellaneous section of this\n series. Some correspondence of a personal or social nature,\n including invitations and thank-you notes, is contained here,\n as are a few Roosevelt speeches. Finally there are several\n letters from Roosevelt to Cecilia Cummings and a few written\n by Eleanor Roosevelt to Cummings. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe \"White House\" Folders under \"Correspondence with\n Government Agencies,\" in the Miscellaneous section of this\n series also contain correspondence between Cummings and\n Roosevelt. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eMiscellaneous Papers\u003c/emph\u003e. This is\n an additional group of correspondence, papers, and other items\n generated by Cummings' service as attorney general. The papers\n are arranged alphabetically by topic, and within each topic\n chronologically. The items in each folder are in chronological\n order: \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea) Cummings' calendar of daily appointments, 1933-1938 \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eb) Correspondence of the attorney general with various\n government agencies, 1933-1938: In his official capacity as\n attorney general, Cummings corresponded with staff members of\n other government agencies about matters of mutual concern. Of\n chief interest here is the correspondence with the White\n House, primarily concerning Justice Department affairs.\n Cummings corresponded with Roosevelt, his assistants, and\n secretaries. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ec) Department of Justice Papers, 1933-1938: (1) Case\n Files: These legal case files are arranged by their designated\n number; (2) \"Unclassified\" Circulars: These departmental\n circulars were directed mainly to U.S. attorneys, clerks of\n U.S. district courts, and U.S. marshals. They are in\n chronological order; (3) Circulars, Press Releases, and\n Papers: The items have been grouped by topic, such as crime\n suppression, and war risk legislation, and arranged\n alphabetically; (4) Memoranda: Memoranda to and from Cummings\n with various divisions of the Justice Department, such as the\n FBI, the pardon attorney, and subordinates such as Ugo Carusi\n and Alexander Holtzoff, are found here. They are arranged\n alphabetically. Of special interest are the F.B.I. memoranda,\n between Cummings, J. Edgar Hoover, and their assistants. A\n number of Hoover speeches are located in this sections; (5)\n Miscellaneous Items, 1933-1939: A few lists, notes, and other\n papers have been placed at the end of this group. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ed) Supreme Court Papers: This important group covers the\n gold cases which Cummings argued before the Supreme Court, and\n the controversial Judicial Reorganization (court-packing)\n Plan. (1) Gold Cases, 1933-1938: Correspondence, papers, and\n printed material are included, and are chronologically; (2)\n Judicial Reorganization, ca. 1787- 1952: [a] rough drafts of\n the plan; [b] correspondence and memoranda are grouped by\n subject, and arranged in a chronological sequence; [c]\n hearings are arranged chronologically; [d] speeches are\n arranged chronologically; [e] research material, including\n lists, graphs, notes on historical precedents of the plan, and\n printed material, in that order, chronologically; [f]\n newspaper clippings are in chronological order. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Speeches and Articles\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eSpeeches, 1886-1950\u003c/emph\u003e: This\n series includes speeches by Cummings, speech research\n material, and related correspondence. They reflect his\n interest in law and politics and the progress of his career,\n and can be divided into four distinct periods. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe speeches from 1886-1916, delivered at a variety of\n civic and fraternal politics, bimetallism, and Robert Burns,\n and evidence young Cummings' growing political maturity. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSpeeches for 1916- 1932 include politics, America's role\n in international affairs, and the World Court. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA number of national campaign speeches, 1932-1938,\n including Cummings' address seconding the nomination of\n Roosevelt at the Democratic National convention in 1936, are\n contained here. Attorney General Cummings delivered many\n speeches about crime control and the administration of\n criminal justice, specifically on firearms control and police\n training procedures. There are a number of addresses on\n judicial reorganization. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few speeches, 1938-1948, regarding the war effort and\n public service, round out this group. The collection includes\n some speech research material, 1914-1953, such as newspaper\n and magazine clippings. Finally, there are a number of\n speeches by other individuals, and quite a few by members of\n the Justice Department on crime suppression, the New Deal, and\n the presidential campaign of 1936. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing Cummings' own arrangement, his speeches are\n divided into two groups which are in chronological order by\n date of delivery. The first group is a \"pure\" speech file, and\n contains all his speeches for the years 1886-1948, the second\n group has speeches for the years 1926, 1933-1938, 1950, paired\n with related correspondence, usually letters in praise of the\n topic and delivery requesting copies. The research should note\n that the second series is not complete even for its year\n range, but that it does contain many of the corrected drafts\n of the addresses. The material is arranged as follows: (a)\n \"Pure\" Speech File, arranged chronologically; (b) speech file\n with related correspondence, arranged chronologically; (c)\n speech research material, arranged chronologically; (d)\n speeches by other individuals, arranged alphabetically by last\n name; (e) speeches by members of the Justice Department,\n arranged chronologically; (f) speeches by members of the\n Justice Department re: crime suppression, arranged\n chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArticles, 1918-1945\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings'\n articles are largely about crime and the penal system, though\n there are a few about the world court and the mission of\n democracy. They are arranged chronologically. There are a\n number of articles about Cummings, 1934-1940, all of which are\n comments upon and evaluations of Cummings as attorney general.\n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V. Literary Papers\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e1. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDiaries, 1919-1956\u003c/emph\u003e: Cummings\n kept a \"Personal and Political Diary\" from 1919-1946, in which\n he discussed his political and official activities including\n meetings and trips. These diaries offer an insider's view of\n Democratic politics and government, especially during the\n Roosevelt administration. Cummings also discusses personal and\n family matters, and social engagement. From 1947 to 1956,\n Cummings labeled his diaries \"personal\" only, but these\n contain many political references as well. There is also a\n travel diary and play about a trip to Hawaii, a housekeeping\n diary, and a medical diary. Appointment books for 1926\n (1931-1955) round out this group. The material is arranged in\n the following order: (a) Personal and political diaries,\n travel diary, and housekeeping diary, arranged\n chronologically; (b) appointment books, arranged\n chronologically; (c) medical diary. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e2. \n \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLiterary Papers, 1750-1953\u003c/emph\u003e:\n This group of papers relating to the publication of Cummings'\n books in chronological order. There are book reviews of\n Liberty Under Law and Administration, 1934-1935. For Federal\n Justice, on which Cummings collaborated with Carl McFarland,\n there are many source files with abstracts of legal briefs and\n historical data, ca. 1750-1938, notes, memoranda, drafts,\n correspondence, and book reviews, 1936-1937. There are drafts\n of The Biography of a Department, 1938, and correspondence\n regarding The Selected Letters of Homer S. Cummings,\n 1938-1941, edited by Carl Brent Swisher. There is also\n research material for projected books on the Lands Division of\n the Justice Department, 1828-1953, and on military law,\n 1804-1839. Cummings may well have worked with McFarland again\n on these last two projects. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTwo card indexes, listed by subject, contain acts about\n the duties and powers of the attorney general. A card index to\n Cummings' own library completes the literary papers. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe twenty-six diaries, 1919-1926, of Homer Stille\n Cummings document a long career of public service and offer an\n insider's perspective on politics and government during years\n of great change in American life. By virtue of his position on\n the Democratic National committee, and as attorney general in\n the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cummings\n participated in historic events and associated with many other\n powerful people. As his role in the famous court-packing\n struggle indicated, his legal expertise made him a very\n important member of the Roosevelt cabinet. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eAll but the first volume of the diaries pertain to the\n period 1932-1956, and the most substantive are those for the\n years 1932- 1939. Cummings labeled the diaries and \"Personal\n and Political,\" though there is very little personal material\n before 1939. He recorded his daily activities - meetings,\n conferences, official duties, speeches, telephone\n conversations, and social events - and occasionally wrote in a\n contemplative or analytical vein. The entries range from the\n schematic to the highly detailed. Extremely loyal to both\n Woodrow Wilson and Roosevelt, he described meetings with them\n very thoroughly, sometimes quoting them verbatim. Reflecting\n Cummigns' unique personality and strong sense of public\n service, these diaries are a valuable source for the study of\n an important but neglected figure. Researchers interested in\n Franklin D. Roosevelt, the New Deal, and the Democratic party\n would find them very useful. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe earliest dated diary (1919 April-1928 November)\n principally describes Cummings' travels around the country on\n behalf of the Democratic National Committee prior to the\n election of 192. There are no entries for the period 1921\n April through 1923, very few for 1924 October-November, none\n for 1925-192, and a few for 1928 October- November. Some\n sections of the diary are written in the third person,\n probably by Cummings' secretary, Charles F. McGuire. The\n entries are, in the main, brief and factual in nature,\n recording Cummings' itinerary, speeches, meetings, and related\n organizational matters; there is very little analysis.\n Cummings did write at length about several interviews with\n Wilson, in which the two men discussed party politics, the\n Democratic National Convention in San Francisco, the campaign\n and the election of 1920. At two points in the diary, Cummings\n refers to other memoranda, which have been pulled from the\n body of his papers and inserted in the appropriate places. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe diaries for the years 1932-1938 are much more\n substantial than the first volume. Except for the second\n volume (1932 January-1933 April 7) the volumes cover a\n calendar year, and include, at the end, the attorney general's\n calendar of daily appointments. The diaries document Cummings'\n active involvement in Roosevelt's campaign for the presidency\n in 1932; Cummings conferred extensively with Democratic\n leaders including David Fitzgerald, Edwin M. House, Louis\n Howe, and Roosevelt about the political situation in various\n states, strategy, and the Democratic National convention. He\n devoted many pages to the process of selecting Roosevelt's\n cabinet, and described the transition between administrations.\n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFrom the time he became attorney general, Cummings wrote\n extensively about his duties at the Justice Department,\n conferences with colleagues and associates, legislation, legal\n cases, appointments, testimony before Congressional\n committees, speeches, and trips. Specific areas of emphasis in\n the diaries included the judicial reorganization, or\n court-packing, plan, the gold bills, crime bills, tax cases,\n the N.R.A., and other \"alphabet agencies.\" Cummings carefully\n recorded the business transacted at Cabinet, Executive\n Council, and National Emergency Council meetings, which rant\n he whole gamut of New Deal concerns: unemployment, relief\n efforts, labor and agricultural unrest, fiscal policy,\n business trends, visits of foreign leaders, and international\n affairs. Cummings described the views and behavior of\n individuals present, especially the present, and expressed his\n own opinions. Possessed of a ready wit, Cummings often wrote\n about the jokes and humorous incidents that lightened\n potentially grim Cabinet meetings. He devoted many pages of\n the diaries to Roosevelt, describing their meetings, telephone\n conversations, and social occasions in the White House. They\n discussed politics, Justice Department matters, appointments,\n domestic affairs, and especially the Supreme Court\n controversy. Except for Roosevelt, Cummings did not stress\n other individuals in the diary to any great extent, though\n there are references to other persons, including Harold Ickes,\n Cordell Hull, Henry Wallace, Raymond Moley, and Henry\n Morgenthau. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBesides administrative matters, Cummings also discussed\n strictly political subjects such as patronage, the Democratic\n National Convention of 1936, and the campaign of that year.\n The diaries indicate that he continued to be involved in\n Connecticut politics. By nature a very sociable man, he wrote\n about the numerous dinners, receptions, and cocktail parties,\n that he attended in an official and personal capacity, trips\n at home and abroad, and his annual golf tournaments at\n Pinehurst, North Carolina. Cummings also wrote a little about\n his wife Cecilia and son Dickinson S. Cummings. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eFollowing his retirement the cabinet in January 1939,\n Cummings devoted himself to his law practice and personal\n affairs. But he remained an interested observer of politics\n and government, describing various Democratic National\n Conventions, candidates, and elections. He was still\n especially interested in Connecticut politics, and wrote at\n length about the career of his friend Senator Brien McMahon.\n Cummings met, advised, and socialized with many of his former\n colleagues. The diaries also document his association with\n diplomats from the Dominican Republic, and a memorandum\n describing Cummings' visit to that country in 1946 has been\n inserted in the appropriate place. In addition to recording\n his activities in a schematic fashion, Cummings occasionally\n reminisced about past experiences. The diary for 1944 in\n particular contains several references to events in the years\n 1832-1937. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eVI. Law Firm Papers, 1909-1934, 1939-1953,\n and Legal Case Files, ca. 1915-1933 (1928-1956)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThis group consists of a few legal papers, mainly\n correspondence and documents, and many legal case files. They\n fall into two groups, the Cummings and Lockwood material,\n 1909-1934, and the Cummings and Stanley (later Cummings,\n Stanley, Truitt, and Cross) material, 1939-1953. Most of the\n correspondence is between the partners and relates to various\n cases and financial matters. The papers are grouped by subject\n and then arranged chronologically; the legal case files are\n arranged chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII. Miscellaneous Papers,\n 1892-1953\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThere are a few miscellaneous papers, arranged as\n follows: (1) List of autographs of Cummings given out\n 1933-1939; (2) correspondence and papers regarding\n biographical information about Cummings, 1933-1953, arranged\n chronologically; (3) certificates, 1911-1956, arranged\n chronologically; (4) U.S. dollar bills and German bank notes;\n (5) programs, 1892-1950, arranged chronologically with bound\n volumes placed behind the folders; (6) souvenirs and\n mementoes, ca. 1922-1949; (7) first issue stamps, with related\n correspondence, 1934-1938. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII. Photographs, 1870-1953,\n Daguerreotypes and Ambrotypes, ca. 1850-1870\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMany excellent photographs, of a personal and\n professional nature, are found in this collection. Of the\n approximately three thousand items, most date from the period\n of Cummings' active involvement in national political life,\n 1919-1939. The professional group of photographs contains\n portraits of Cummings himself, numerous autographed\n professional portraits of such persons as Edwin Alderman, Hugo\n Black, J. Edgar Hoover, Harry Hopkins, Charles Evan Hughes,\n Robert M. LaFollette, Jr., Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin D.\n Roosevelt, George Bernard Shaw, Alfred Smith, Adlai Stevenson,\n Harry Truman, Gene Tunney, and Woodrow Wilson. There are many\n group pictures of Cummings at work with colleagues and with\n friends, 1919- 1953; and several formal portraits including\n the 1904 meeting of the Mayor's Association of Connecticut,\n and the 1912 Democratic National Executive Committee, and the\n U.S. Supreme Court in 1933. The group pictures of Cummings\n with his colleagues taken prior to 1933 consist largely of his\n activities at the Democratic National Conventions of 1920 and\n 1924. The 1933-1939 portion of the professional photographs\n show Cummings in a wide variety of activities in his capacity\n as attorney general, including: participation in national\n conferences and conventions, such as the 1936 Democratic\n National Convention; visits to prison facilities; and\n delivering speeches at occasions such as the 1936 Illinois\n State Fair and the graduation of the Ninth Session of the\n F.B.I. National Police Academy in 1938. There are several\n portraits of Roosevelt's cabinet. The 1940-1953 group of\n pictures includes shots from Pinehurst, North Carolina, golf\n tournaments, the 1944 and 1948 Democratic National Convention,\n and Cummings' visits with Dominican Republic President Raphael\n Trujillo and other Latin American diplomats in the late 1940s.\n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe personal photographs in the collection relate to the\n following subjects: parents and ancestors, including Cummings'\n mother, father grandmother, cousins, aunt, and uncle; Cummings\n as a child, dating from the late 1870s; his early\n acquaintances, including persons of the Buffalo Unitarian\n Church and Sunday school; friends and professors at Yale\n University; interior and exterior views of buildings,\n including the Chicago house where Cummings was born in 1870,\n his parents' estates at Ruthven, Akron, New York, and\n Cummings' own home in Stamford, Connecticut. Following the\n early family photographs are portraits of Cummings' wives,\n Helen Smith Cummings, May Cecilia Waterbury Cummings, and\n Julia M. Alter Cummings, and then a large number of\n photographs and postcards from the vacations which Cummings\n took from 1926 to 1945. Among the places he visited were\n Hawaii, Europe, Latin America, and the Mideast. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA final miscellaneous group of photographs includes\n undated photographs of architectural monuments, paintings, art\n work, scenes from South America, Great Britain, Pinehurst,\n North Carolina and elsewhere in the United States, and a large\n number of photographic negatives. Several photograph albums\n relate to Cummings' family, acquaintances, and buildings of\n his youth, his 1934 trip to Hawaii and the Rocky Mountains,\n his 1938 trip to Minoqua, Wisconsin, and drawings and\n photographs of prison facilities built in 1938 while Cummings\n was attorney general. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe photographs are divided into three parts. The first\n portion of the collection, comprising photographs from\n Cummings' professional life, contains, first, autographed\n professional portraits of Cummings' acquaintances,\n alphabetically arranged, second, professional portraits of\n Cummings, followed, third, by group pictures of Cummings and\n his colleagues, arranged chronologically. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe second portion of the collection, the personal\n photographs, is also chronologically arranged. These\n photographs are grouped in the following order: primarily late\n nineteenth century family photographs; photographs of family\n residences, 1870-1935; portraits of Cummings' wives; a\n chronologically arranged series of folders relating to\n Cummings' travels abroad and his leisure activities\n (especially from the period of his marriage to Julia\n Cummings); and miscellaneous undated photographs. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eThe final portion of the collection contains\n photographic negatives, followed in turn by artistic\n reproductions, original drawings and poems, and photograph\n albums. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eA few ambrotypes and daguerreotypes round out the\n collections. The subjects include Cummings' parents Uriah and\n Audie Cummings, his maternal grandparents, great-uncle, and\n other relatives. \n \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01993_c12_c13"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.3: Carr Family","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)","Series 1: Boothe Family History"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)","Series 1: Boothe Family History"],"text":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)","Series 1: Boothe Family History","1.3: Carr Family","This sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.3: Carr Family","title_ssm":["1.3: Carr Family"],"title_tesim":["1.3: Carr Family"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.3: Carr Family"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"extent_ssm":["0.96 Cubic Feet 2 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.96 Cubic Feet 2 boxes, 1 oversize folder"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":16,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":55,"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:58:35.728Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_87.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/87","title_ssm":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"title_tesim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1803-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1803-1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS164"],"text":["MS164","Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)","Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","School integration -- Virginia","United States. Army. Volunteer Cavalry, 1st.","World War -- 1939-1945","Spanish-American War, 1898","Business records","Business -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Law offices -- Alexandria (Va.)","Ship registers -- Alexandria (Va.)","Genealogy","Politicians -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Correspondence","This collection has been rearranged to increase access and findability. Previously, it was arranged \"Roughly chronologically and thereunder topically. Oversized items are grouped by size rather than by subject.\"","The collection has been re-arranged into four series, the first focusing on Armistead Boothe's close and extended family, and the second focusing on Boothe's life and work in Alexandria and Virginia politics. The third series is realia, and and the fourth is photos.","The first series is organized by generation, with genealogical information of Boothe's extended family at the end. The second series is organized topically by the phases of Boothe's life. The fourth series, photos, is arranged by family and then topically.","Included in Series 1 and 2 are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. ","Armistead Boothe (1907-1990) was an Alexandria lawyer and politician. He began practicing law in 1931 at his father's practice. He served as special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1934 to 1936, and then as City Attorney of Alexandria from 1939 through 1943. He was a naval officer in the Pacific Theater from 1943-1945. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1948 and served until 1956, when he was elected to Virginia State Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Boothe married Elizabeth Ravenel Peele in 1934 and had three children and six grandchildren.","Armistead's father, Gardner Lloyd Boothe (1872-1964), was an Alexandria attorney, and president of the First National Bank and the First and Citizens National Bank, member of the Virginia Theological Seminary Board of Trustees from 1916 to 1956, and a vestryman of Christ Church from 1895 to 1956. He married Eleanor Harrison Carr (1881-1968) of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1906, and they lived at 711 Prince Street in Alexandria. Together they had two children, Gardner Lloyd Jr. and Armistead.","Armistead Boothe's paternal grandfather, Captain William J. Boothe (1818-1894), went to sea at an early age and worked up to ship captain. He was married to Mary Leadbeater Boothe (1839-1914) of the Leadbeater Apothecary Shop family. Captain Boothe later served as president of the Alexandria Water Company, vice-president of the First National Bank, and General Superintendent of the American Coal Company. ","These are the collected papers of Alexandria politician Armistead Lloyd Boothe (1907-1990). Papers created or collected by Boothe in the course of his career include campaign materials, correspondence with colleagues, and extensive newspaper clippings in addition to other research on political issues such as segregation, education, and transportation.","The collection also includes scrapbooks, journals, albums, memorabilia and other forms of personal papers from various family members. One scrapbook documents Joseph Armistead Carr's career and death as a Rough Rider. Among the highlights of the business, legal, and financial papers in this collection are Captain William Boothe's ship logs. Genealogical papers relate to the Boothe, Carr, Harrison, and other families of Virginia and Alexandria.","Series 1 contains the personal and business papers of Armistead Boothe's parents (Gardner Lloyd Boothe and Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe) and of his paternal grandparents (William J. Boothe and Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe), as well as genealogical information collected by Boothe about various branches of the famiy tree.","Included in this series are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. ","This sub-series includes the personal papers, correspondence, business, legal, and financial documents of William and Mary Boothe. Notable items include Captain William J. Boothe's ship's logs, and Mary Boothe's detailed financial management of her household after her husband's death.","Combined from previous folders: \"1845 letter to John Leadbeater, 1845\", \"1849 letter(s) relating to the honeymoon trip of William J. Boothe and Mary Grace Leadbeater, 1849\", \"Miscellaneous correspondence to Capt. William J. Boothe, 1848 - 1885\", and \"American Coal Co. to William J. Boothe, 1866 - 1890\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Miscellaneous correspondence, 1827 - 1864\", \"Correspondence between Wm.J. Boothe and S.B. Spencer, Atlanta, 1870's\", Letter from W.A. Slaymaker, University Publishing Co., Atlanta, 1872\", \"To George K. Whitmer from St. Louis Mutual Life Insurance Co., 1872\", \"Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1870s\", and \"William J. Boothe records for land in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, 1870s - 1880s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Checks from Atlanta, 1872-1873\", Correspondence related to property in Georgia, 1870s - 1880s\", \"Correspondence between William J. Boothe and B.F. Church, 1880s\", \"Correspondence with S. Ferguson Beach, 1880s\", Miscellaneous correspondence, 1880s\", \"Stutsman County, Dakota Territory, 1880-1891\", \"William J. Boothe to Alexandria City Council about Alexandria Water Company, 1882\", and \"Miscellaneous papers, 1890s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Bill in Maryland House of Delegates to amend charter of Cumberland and Pennsylvania Rail, 1868\" and \"Samuel Green naturalization paper\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Will of Eliza T. Fowle, 1869\", \"Eliza T. Fowle estate papers, 1860's - 1870's\", and \"William J. Boothe administration of the Eliza T. Fowle Estate, 711 Prince Street, 1870's\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Deeds for the block of Princess, Columbus, Washington, and Orinoco, 1840's - 1850's\", \"Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society, 1860\", \"Alexandria Canal Co, 1867\", \"Alexandria and Maryland Steam Ferry Co. stock, 1867\", \"Stock Certificate: Janney Car Coupling Co., 1874\", \"Northern Pacific Railroad Company Bonds, 1874-1875\", \"Deeds in Alexandria. 1884, 3 deeds (of indebtedness?): Robert N. Crook, Susan H. Crook, Hillary A. Crook, 1884\", and \"Deeds. Stutsman Co., Territory of Dakota., 1870s - 1880s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Alexandria Hospital, 1904\", \"Thomas Waddy Stove and Furnace Work, 1908\", \"Miscellaneous papers, 1910's\", \"Miscellaneous papers undated\", \"Harrington Livery Stable, 1910\", \"Long grocery order to Leadbeater, 1910\", \"Watkins Butcher order, 1910\", and \"Laundry machinery, 1910\"","Removed from one of two previous folders: \"Miscellaneous papers, 1910's\", or \"Miscellaneous papers undated\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1907-1910\" and \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1911\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1907-1910\", \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1911\", and \"Checks from First National Bank. Mary G. Boothe, 1909-1912\"","This sub-series includes the personal papers, correspondence, business, legal, and financial documents of Gardner and Eleanor Boothe. Notable items include Gardner's correspondence to Eleanor during their courtship; and a correspondence with Edith K. Roosevelt. This series also includes some papers of Gardner and Eleanor's first son and Armistead's elder brother, Gardner Jr.","Combined from previous folders: \"Potomac Academy certificates of distinction for G.L. Boothe, 1885-1890\", \"St. Margaret's Church bulletin, 1928\", \"Thank you to Mr. and Mrs. Gardner Boothe from Gunston Hall supporters\", \"News Clippings - Obituary of Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe; Obituary for Gardner L. Boothe, 1964-1968\", \"Gardner Boothe honored by attorneys, 1 article, 1946\", and \"Gardner Boothe/Boys harbor day. 1 clipping., 1956\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Garnder L. Boothe correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Gardner L. Boothe from Rev. B.B. Comer Lile, 1944\", and \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Receipts from Potomac Shoe Co. to WIlliam J. Boothe \u0026 Gardner Boothe, 1890\", \"Burke \u0026 Herbert blank checks in book, 1890s\", \"Gardner Boothe personal property tax. 1 item., 1960\", and \"Sale of 711 Princess \u0026 921 Vicar Lane. Five information sheets., 1960\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) application of Gardner Lloyd Boothe, Jr., 1941\", \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) verification for Garner L. Boothe, 1958\", and \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) Membership Certificate and Card for Gardner L. Boothe, 1928\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Miscellaneous Correspondenceto Eleanor Carr, 1899-1901\" and \"Poem commemorating the 1901 class of the Staunton normal school, 1901\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Correspondence 1908-1917\" and \"Correspondence 1918-1940\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Letter to Mrs. George L. Boothe from Genealogical Bureau of Virginia, 1940\", \"Letter to Mrs. Gardner Boothe from sister Franes (includes Harrison family genealogical information), 1940\", and \"Correspondence to Mrs. Gardner Boothe from Genealogical Burea of Virginia, 1940-1941\"","Combined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 5-6","Combined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 8-9","Combined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 10-11","This sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side.","Combined from previous folders: \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902), correspondence, 1854-1879\" and \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902), correspondence, to Miss Mary C. Carr, 1886\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902). Correspondence, 1880-1902\" and \"T. Roosevelt letter to J. A. Carr, 1900\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Carr family correspondence, mid 1800s - early 1900s\", \"Letter to Adm. Stanley from WIlliam Carr, 1878\", \"Letter from Joseph Armistead Carr to father, 1898-07017\", \"Miscellaneous correspondence re: Carr family genealogy\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Carr family: Correspondence and genalogical information related to Carr Family, 1812-1905\", \"Obituary information for Carr family\", and \"Miscellaneous Carr family information\"","This sub-series includes genealogical information, primarily collected by Armistead, in regards to various branches of his family, including notable Virginia families such as the Harrisons.","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead family\" and \"Booklet - 'The Family of Armistead of Virginia,' 1899\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead family\", \"Correspondence of WH. Armistead and Lucy (Armistead) Carr, 1839-1848\", and \"West Point \u0026 Walker Keith Armsitead. Class of 1803, 1803\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Baylor family\" and \"Bernard family\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Harrison family\", \"lines written on the death of WIlliam Henry Harrison, 9th U.S. President, by L.L. Bailey, Alexandria, Va. April 6, 1841.\", \"Genealogial information Harrison family (folder 10)\", \"Ancestral chart of Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe\", \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 11)\", \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 14), and \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 34)\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Hartshorne family\" and \"Painter family\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) letter to Stanton Peele, Jr., 1938\", \"Letter to Armistead Boothe from Stanton Peele 1956\", \"News clipping- engagementc announcement of Bettie Peele to Armistead Boothe; Obituary for Joseph Carr, 1902-05-08\", and \"To California in '52, a tale by Stanley C. Peele, 1893\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Sketch of Buckner Magill Randolph (b.1842)\", \"Stabler/Leadbeater\", and \"News clippings- Obituary of Theodore Ravenel; Wedding announcement of Lucy Trezevant Carr and Joseph Foster Drummond\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Stanley family\", \"Stanley family letterws, 1813-1829\", and \"Fabius Stanley- Document appointing him as Acting Mid-shipman, U.S. Nay, 1831\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Tatum family\", \"Genealogical information Tatum family\", and \"Genealogy information on Adam Thoroughgood\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Trezevant family\", \"Trezevant family correspondence, 1836-1870s\", and \"Genealogical information Trezevant family\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Note arranging meeting to discuss genealogy project\", \"List of silver in closet\", \"Christian, Susan M., letter, 1871-09-08\", \"English sovereigns since 1066\", and \"Order of first families of Virginia, Statutes, 1823-1924\"","Series 2 contains the personal papers of Armistead Boothe and documents his legal, military, and political careers. Included are personal and professional correspondence, personal financial records, professional legal records, political research, military memorabilia, awards, newsclippings, and ephemera.","Included in this series are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. ","This sub-series includes Armistead Boothe's personal correspondence, personal financial records including bound ledgers, awards and certificates, poetry authored by Boothe, and memorabilia from special events. Items of interest include ephemera from a dinner in Williamsburg, VA honoring and attended by Winston Churchill.","Combined from previous folders: \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\", \"Armistead correspondence, 1939\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton C. Peele from 'Armie' (Armistead Boothe)\", \"Cartoon Christmas card\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton Peele from Armistead Boothe, 1937\", \"Invitation to dinnerhonoring Queen Elizabeth II and seating list for dinner issued to Mr. and Mrs. Armistead Boothe, 1957\", \"Letter to Miss McGonigle from Armistead Boothe, 1969\", \"Letter to Gardner Boothe Jr. from Armistead Boothe, 1970\", \"Alexandria Bar Association resolution on the death of Gardner L. Boothe, 1964\", \"Armistead Boothe correspondence, 1970s\", \"Cecil Woods letter, 1983\", and \"'Justice John M. Harlan and the values of federalism' by J. Harvie Wilkinson., 1971\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\", \"Armistead correspondence, 1939\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton C. Peele from 'Armie' (Armistead Boothe)\", \"Cartoon Christmas card\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton Peele from Armistead Boothe, 1937\", \"Invitation to dinnerhonoring Queen Elizabeth II and seating list for dinner issued to Mr. and Mrs. Armistead Boothe, 1957\", \"Letter to Miss McGonigle from Armistead Boothe, 1969\", \"Letter to Gardner Boothe Jr. from Armistead Boothe, 1970\", \"Alexandria Bar Association resolution on the death of Gardner L. Boothe, 1964\", \"Armistead Boothe correspondence, 1970s\", \"Cecil Woods letter, 1983\", and \"'Justice John M. Harlan and the values of federalism' by J. Harvie Wilkinson., 1971\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe correspondence with Brasenose college, 1953\", \"Deed of land to Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary, 1943\", and \"Armistead Boothe expense book and 6 separate sheets., 1929-1931\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead and Virginia Episcopal Theological Seminary, 1960s\", \"Gardner Boothe testimonial dinner, 1952\", \"Armistead Boothe certificate of appreciation, 1943\", \"Literary Society - Manuscript for 'County Lawyer', 1973-1978\", \"Armistead Boothe honored at Urban League award banquet, 1978\", \"Certificate from Va. state bar to Armistead Boothe, 1980\", \"Alexandria First Day covers. 12 Envelopes, 1949\", \"Alexandria bicentennial: program and certificate, 1949\", \"Invitation to join the Virginia Society of the American Revolution\", \"Cartoon for Lion's club charter night\", and \"Program: Dedication of Armjistead Boothe addition to Bishop Payne Library, VA Theological Seminary, 1980\"","Combined from previous folders: \"NY World's fair/Armistead Boothe\", \"'America and India' by Edward Thompson. 1 pamphlet, 1930\", \"Human interet stories. 1 scrapbook. 1934-1940\", and \"Kipling's autobiography. Series of newspaper articles, 1937\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe's savings book with First National Bak, 1912\", \"Class prophecy (poem), Late 1920s\", \"Armistead Boothe. Autobiography and genealogy. -Also obituary, 1983-1990-02-14\", \"News clippings\", and \"Poetry by Armistead Boothe, 1948-1969\"","This sub-series includes documents from Boothe's legal and military careers, including legal briefs and a collection of WWII-era silk \"escape\" maps of the Pacific Theater.","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit. 3 briefs, 1934\", U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit. 2 briefs, 1934-1935\", \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit. 1 brief, 1935\", U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit. 5 briefs, 1934-1935\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit. 5 briefs, 1934-1935\", Supreme Court of Appeals in Virginia at Richmond. 1 brief, 1935\", U.S. Supreme Court. 2 briefs, 1934-1956\", and \"U.S. Supreme Court. 1 petition for a writ of certiorari, 1956\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Lafayette Hotel deed, 1837\", \"Health certificates for marriage\", \"Howard Smith, Jr. and Smoot Estate case, 1965\", and \"Article from New Dominion about the merger of two northern virginia law firms, Boothe, Prichard and Dudley with McGuire, Woods and Battle, 1987\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"","This sub-series includes campaign materials, subject research, news clippings, speeches, press releases, and correspondence, reflecting Armistead Boothe's work while holding legislative office.","Combined from previous folders: \"Booklet- Home addresses and home and business phones of members of the general assembly, 1962\", \"General Assembly and political clippings, 1950\", \"Gubernatorial campaign. clippings, 1949\", and \"Gov. Tuck clippings, 1950\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Gray plan. 1 article., 1949\", \"newspaper clipping on Eisenhower campaign, 1952\", \"Armistead Boothe articles (2), 1950s\", \"Pubic schools: proposal, referendum, newspaper clippings, relating to integration of Virginia Schools., 1954\", \"Armistead Boothe and \"New South\" television program., 1977\", \"Betty Boothe Bill and horse racing/betting bill, 1977-1978\", \"Alexandria City Charter Bill, 1950\", and \"Armistead Boothe's legislative record, 1948-1959\"","Combined from previous folder: \"Armistead Boothe speeches and articles, 1970s\" and \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Newspapers on Armistead Boothe political races, 1959-1966\" and \"Election Materials\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Election Materials\", \"Armistead Va. House of Delegates. 3 cards, 1947\", \"Armistead Boothe campaign for Lieutenant Governor. Statement and letters. Segregation controversy., 1961\", and \"Armistead Boothe/Beverly's Virginia Senate Campaign, 1959\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966, B-E\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966, B-E\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Education in Virginia, 1946-1950\", \"Education in Virginia, 1950-1952\", \"Education clippings, 1948-1951\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Health in Virginia. Clippings, 1949-1952\", \"Highways. Clippings, 1951\", and \"Housing - rent control, 1949\"","Combined from previous folders: \"House Bill to change Code of Virginia: elections, 1948\", \"Benjamin Muse commentaries, 1950s\", Non-partisan party, 1948\", \"Planning and economic development, 1951\", \"Virginia legislature budget, 1948-1952\", and \"Labor issues, 1949-1950\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Tax issues, 1950\", \"Trade: Correspondence and press release, 1950\", \"Voting records, Virginia House of Delegates, 1950\", \"Welfare, 1951-1952\", and \"Armistead Boothe: Tax reform and private college finances, 1961-1973\"","This sub-series contains recordings of Armistead Boothe's campaign speeches and advertisements. Included are reel-to-reel audio tapes, CDs, and a VHS tape.","Series 3 contains realia and items of clothing. Included are two wallets which belonged to Gardener Lloyd Boothe; as well as a christening gown and a World War II officer's hat, both of which likely belonged to Armistead Boothe.","Series 4 contains the personal photograph collection of Armistead Boothe. Included are professional portraits of Armistead Boothe, family photographs, photographs of the Boothe family home at 711 Princess Street in Alexandria VA, and photographs from Boothe's political career. Also in this series are photographs from his time serving in World War II, including aerial photography of Guam and Japan.","Content Description","Content Description","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family","Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["MS164"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"collection_ssim":["Armistead Boothe Papers (MS164)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"creator_ssm":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964"],"creator_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964"],"creators_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Julie Boothe Perry between 1989-1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Virginia","United States. Army. Volunteer Cavalry, 1st.","World War -- 1939-1945","Spanish-American War, 1898","Business records","Business -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Law offices -- Alexandria (Va.)","Ship registers -- Alexandria (Va.)","Genealogy","Politicians -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Virginia","United States. Army. Volunteer Cavalry, 1st.","World War -- 1939-1945","Spanish-American War, 1898","Business records","Business -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Law offices -- Alexandria (Va.)","Ship registers -- Alexandria (Va.)","Genealogy","Politicians -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.2 Cubic Feet 14.5 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 18 oversize folders, 3 oversize items, 2 items in map drawers, 1 rolled item"],"extent_tesim":["10.2 Cubic Feet 14.5 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 18 oversize folders, 3 oversize items, 2 items in map drawers, 1 rolled item"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been rearranged to increase access and findability. Previously, it was arranged \"Roughly chronologically and thereunder topically. Oversized items are grouped by size rather than by subject.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been re-arranged into four series, the first focusing on Armistead Boothe's close and extended family, and the second focusing on Boothe's life and work in Alexandria and Virginia politics. The third series is realia, and and the fourth is photos.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first series is organized by generation, with genealogical information of Boothe's extended family at the end. The second series is organized topically by the phases of Boothe's life. The fourth series, photos, is arranged by family and then topically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in Series 1 and 2 are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been rearranged to increase access and findability. Previously, it was arranged \"Roughly chronologically and thereunder topically. Oversized items are grouped by size rather than by subject.\"","The collection has been re-arranged into four series, the first focusing on Armistead Boothe's close and extended family, and the second focusing on Boothe's life and work in Alexandria and Virginia politics. The third series is realia, and and the fourth is photos.","The first series is organized by generation, with genealogical information of Boothe's extended family at the end. The second series is organized topically by the phases of Boothe's life. The fourth series, photos, is arranged by family and then topically.","Included in Series 1 and 2 are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmistead Boothe (1907-1990) was an Alexandria lawyer and politician. He began practicing law in 1931 at his father's practice. He served as special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1934 to 1936, and then as City Attorney of Alexandria from 1939 through 1943. He was a naval officer in the Pacific Theater from 1943-1945. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1948 and served until 1956, when he was elected to Virginia State Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Boothe married Elizabeth Ravenel Peele in 1934 and had three children and six grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArmistead's father, Gardner Lloyd Boothe (1872-1964), was an Alexandria attorney, and president of the First National Bank and the First and Citizens National Bank, member of the Virginia Theological Seminary Board of Trustees from 1916 to 1956, and a vestryman of Christ Church from 1895 to 1956. He married Eleanor Harrison Carr (1881-1968) of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1906, and they lived at 711 Prince Street in Alexandria. Together they had two children, Gardner Lloyd Jr. and Armistead.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArmistead Boothe's paternal grandfather, Captain William J. Boothe (1818-1894), went to sea at an early age and worked up to ship captain. He was married to Mary Leadbeater Boothe (1839-1914) of the Leadbeater Apothecary Shop family. Captain Boothe later served as president of the Alexandria Water Company, vice-president of the First National Bank, and General Superintendent of the American Coal Company. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armistead Boothe (1907-1990) was an Alexandria lawyer and politician. He began practicing law in 1931 at his father's practice. He served as special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General from 1934 to 1936, and then as City Attorney of Alexandria from 1939 through 1943. He was a naval officer in the Pacific Theater from 1943-1945. He was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates in 1948 and served until 1956, when he was elected to Virginia State Senate, where he served until his retirement in 1964. Boothe married Elizabeth Ravenel Peele in 1934 and had three children and six grandchildren.","Armistead's father, Gardner Lloyd Boothe (1872-1964), was an Alexandria attorney, and president of the First National Bank and the First and Citizens National Bank, member of the Virginia Theological Seminary Board of Trustees from 1916 to 1956, and a vestryman of Christ Church from 1895 to 1956. He married Eleanor Harrison Carr (1881-1968) of Petersburg, Virginia, in 1906, and they lived at 711 Prince Street in Alexandria. Together they had two children, Gardner Lloyd Jr. and Armistead.","Armistead Boothe's paternal grandfather, Captain William J. Boothe (1818-1894), went to sea at an early age and worked up to ship captain. He was married to Mary Leadbeater Boothe (1839-1914) of the Leadbeater Apothecary Shop family. Captain Boothe later served as president of the Alexandria Water Company, vice-president of the First National Bank, and General Superintendent of the American Coal Company. "],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8638a5b6-e449-4ae5-8734-ca2c21ce2d99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cb00803b-34f3-446e-b544-8bdc84ac3d38/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c631b820-d5b1-42c3-b0d3-eb740278e6f0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|666194fd-9583-41a1-a74c-96e60b258d71/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|34518530-85ce-4281-a617-997b24f80b58/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4780745d-0d29-4b57-9ba2-b929bbd5e0df/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e90be7a8-317b-419f-ab04-d6ed602491c5/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|eae8ad89-790f-4f63-8e9d-6e8b4c25e1e3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a8dc387-71b7-42d7-b58e-1409121dcba7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|6b3468cf-e09f-4f2d-a53c-4e8b7cc8d554/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|31d8fac6-b73e-480b-9e85-71349d609b5d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|58e97c00-0333-471a-a08e-2c64143af65f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|482ee6f2-5969-4863-9107-ef50e1650f2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e44e16ce-11f0-4284-8f5f-a3a1fd5df445/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|0ce6a173-5eb3-4c75-9d31-81b25de00608/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2e5f5609-53e7-42f9-8340-0ea8c3c527cd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c79be1be-b2b2-4469-8a1d-5074fe4e5f3b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|0ccf5db8-a2f5-4d76-8e1b-9ae1d63ebdc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|f8e6ca83-8eb7-43ae-b18b-cfbad837b317/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Armistead Boothe Papers, MS164, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Armistead Boothe Papers, MS164, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese are the collected papers of Alexandria politician Armistead Lloyd Boothe (1907-1990). Papers created or collected by Boothe in the course of his career include campaign materials, correspondence with colleagues, and extensive newspaper clippings in addition to other research on political issues such as segregation, education, and transportation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes scrapbooks, journals, albums, memorabilia and other forms of personal papers from various family members. One scrapbook documents Joseph Armistead Carr's career and death as a Rough Rider. Among the highlights of the business, legal, and financial papers in this collection are Captain William Boothe's ship logs. Genealogical papers relate to the Boothe, Carr, Harrison, and other families of Virginia and Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 contains the personal and business papers of Armistead Boothe's parents (Gardner Lloyd Boothe and Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe) and of his paternal grandparents (William J. Boothe and Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe), as well as genealogical information collected by Boothe about various branches of the famiy tree.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes the personal papers, correspondence, business, legal, and financial documents of William and Mary Boothe. Notable items include Captain William J. Boothe's ship's logs, and Mary Boothe's detailed financial management of her household after her husband's death.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"1845 letter to John Leadbeater, 1845\", \"1849 letter(s) relating to the honeymoon trip of William J. Boothe and Mary Grace Leadbeater, 1849\", \"Miscellaneous correspondence to Capt. William J. Boothe, 1848 - 1885\", and \"American Coal Co. to William J. Boothe, 1866 - 1890\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Miscellaneous correspondence, 1827 - 1864\", \"Correspondence between Wm.J. Boothe and S.B. Spencer, Atlanta, 1870's\", Letter from W.A. Slaymaker, University Publishing Co., Atlanta, 1872\", \"To George K. Whitmer from St. Louis Mutual Life Insurance Co., 1872\", \"Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1870s\", and \"William J. Boothe records for land in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, 1870s - 1880s\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Checks from Atlanta, 1872-1873\", Correspondence related to property in Georgia, 1870s - 1880s\", \"Correspondence between William J. Boothe and B.F. Church, 1880s\", \"Correspondence with S. Ferguson Beach, 1880s\", Miscellaneous correspondence, 1880s\", \"Stutsman County, Dakota Territory, 1880-1891\", \"William J. Boothe to Alexandria City Council about Alexandria Water Company, 1882\", and \"Miscellaneous papers, 1890s\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Bill in Maryland House of Delegates to amend charter of Cumberland and Pennsylvania Rail, 1868\" and \"Samuel Green naturalization paper\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Will of Eliza T. Fowle, 1869\", \"Eliza T. Fowle estate papers, 1860's - 1870's\", and \"William J. Boothe administration of the Eliza T. Fowle Estate, 711 Prince Street, 1870's\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Deeds for the block of Princess, Columbus, Washington, and Orinoco, 1840's - 1850's\", \"Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society, 1860\", \"Alexandria Canal Co, 1867\", \"Alexandria and Maryland Steam Ferry Co. stock, 1867\", \"Stock Certificate: Janney Car Coupling Co., 1874\", \"Northern Pacific Railroad Company Bonds, 1874-1875\", \"Deeds in Alexandria. 1884, 3 deeds (of indebtedness?): Robert N. Crook, Susan H. Crook, Hillary A. Crook, 1884\", and \"Deeds. Stutsman Co., Territory of Dakota., 1870s - 1880s\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Alexandria Hospital, 1904\", \"Thomas Waddy Stove and Furnace Work, 1908\", \"Miscellaneous papers, 1910's\", \"Miscellaneous papers undated\", \"Harrington Livery Stable, 1910\", \"Long grocery order to Leadbeater, 1910\", \"Watkins Butcher order, 1910\", and \"Laundry machinery, 1910\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from one of two previous folders: \"Miscellaneous papers, 1910's\", or \"Miscellaneous papers undated\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Checks from Burke \u0026amp; Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1907-1910\" and \"Checks from Burke \u0026amp; Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1911\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Checks from Burke \u0026amp; Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1907-1910\", \"Checks from Burke \u0026amp; Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1911\", and \"Checks from First National Bank. Mary G. Boothe, 1909-1912\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes the personal papers, correspondence, business, legal, and financial documents of Gardner and Eleanor Boothe. Notable items include Gardner's correspondence to Eleanor during their courtship; and a correspondence with Edith K. Roosevelt. This series also includes some papers of Gardner and Eleanor's first son and Armistead's elder brother, Gardner Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Potomac Academy certificates of distinction for G.L. Boothe, 1885-1890\", \"St. Margaret's Church bulletin, 1928\", \"Thank you to Mr. and Mrs. Gardner Boothe from Gunston Hall supporters\", \"News Clippings - Obituary of Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe; Obituary for Gardner L. Boothe, 1964-1968\", \"Gardner Boothe honored by attorneys, 1 article, 1946\", and \"Gardner Boothe/Boys harbor day. 1 clipping., 1956\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Garnder L. Boothe correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Gardner L. Boothe from Rev. B.B. Comer Lile, 1944\", and \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Receipts from Potomac Shoe Co. to WIlliam J. Boothe \u0026amp; Gardner Boothe, 1890\", \"Burke \u0026amp; Herbert blank checks in book, 1890s\", \"Gardner Boothe personal property tax. 1 item., 1960\", and \"Sale of 711 Princess \u0026amp; 921 Vicar Lane. Five information sheets., 1960\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) application of Gardner Lloyd Boothe, Jr., 1941\", \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) verification for Garner L. Boothe, 1958\", and \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) Membership Certificate and Card for Gardner L. Boothe, 1928\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Miscellaneous Correspondenceto Eleanor Carr, 1899-1901\" and \"Poem commemorating the 1901 class of the Staunton normal school, 1901\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Correspondence 1908-1917\" and \"Correspondence 1918-1940\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Letter to Mrs. George L. Boothe from Genealogical Bureau of Virginia, 1940\", \"Letter to Mrs. Gardner Boothe from sister Franes (includes Harrison family genealogical information), 1940\", and \"Correspondence to Mrs. Gardner Boothe from Genealogical Burea of Virginia, 1940-1941\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 5-6\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 8-9\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 10-11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902), correspondence, 1854-1879\" and \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902), correspondence, to Miss Mary C. Carr, 1886\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902). Correspondence, 1880-1902\" and \"T. Roosevelt letter to J. A. Carr, 1900\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Carr family correspondence, mid 1800s - early 1900s\", \"Letter to Adm. Stanley from WIlliam Carr, 1878\", \"Letter from Joseph Armistead Carr to father, 1898-07017\", \"Miscellaneous correspondence re: Carr family genealogy\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Carr family: Correspondence and genalogical information related to Carr Family, 1812-1905\", \"Obituary information for Carr family\", and \"Miscellaneous Carr family information\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes genealogical information, primarily collected by Armistead, in regards to various branches of his family, including notable Virginia families such as the Harrisons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead family\" and \"Booklet - 'The Family of Armistead of Virginia,' 1899\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead family\", \"Correspondence of WH. Armistead and Lucy (Armistead) Carr, 1839-1848\", and \"West Point \u0026amp; Walker Keith Armsitead. Class of 1803, 1803\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Baylor family\" and \"Bernard family\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Harrison family\", \"lines written on the death of WIlliam Henry Harrison, 9th U.S. President, by L.L. Bailey, Alexandria, Va. April 6, 1841.\", \"Genealogial information Harrison family (folder 10)\", \"Ancestral chart of Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe\", \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 11)\", \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 14), and \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 34)\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Hartshorne family\" and \"Painter family\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) letter to Stanton Peele, Jr., 1938\", \"Letter to Armistead Boothe from Stanton Peele 1956\", \"News clipping- engagementc announcement of Bettie Peele to Armistead Boothe; Obituary for Joseph Carr, 1902-05-08\", and \"To California in '52, a tale by Stanley C. Peele, 1893\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Sketch of Buckner Magill Randolph (b.1842)\", \"Stabler/Leadbeater\", and \"News clippings- Obituary of Theodore Ravenel; Wedding announcement of Lucy Trezevant Carr and Joseph Foster Drummond\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Stanley family\", \"Stanley family letterws, 1813-1829\", and \"Fabius Stanley- Document appointing him as Acting Mid-shipman, U.S. Nay, 1831\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Tatum family\", \"Genealogical information Tatum family\", and \"Genealogy information on Adam Thoroughgood\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Trezevant family\", \"Trezevant family correspondence, 1836-1870s\", and \"Genealogical information Trezevant family\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Note arranging meeting to discuss genealogy project\", \"List of silver in closet\", \"Christian, Susan M., letter, 1871-09-08\", \"English sovereigns since 1066\", and \"Order of first families of Virginia, Statutes, 1823-1924\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2 contains the personal papers of Armistead Boothe and documents his legal, military, and political careers. Included are personal and professional correspondence, personal financial records, professional legal records, political research, military memorabilia, awards, newsclippings, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in this series are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes Armistead Boothe's personal correspondence, personal financial records including bound ledgers, awards and certificates, poetry authored by Boothe, and memorabilia from special events. Items of interest include ephemera from a dinner in Williamsburg, VA honoring and attended by Winston Churchill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\", \"Armistead correspondence, 1939\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton C. Peele from 'Armie' (Armistead Boothe)\", \"Cartoon Christmas card\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton Peele from Armistead Boothe, 1937\", \"Invitation to dinnerhonoring Queen Elizabeth II and seating list for dinner issued to Mr. and Mrs. Armistead Boothe, 1957\", \"Letter to Miss McGonigle from Armistead Boothe, 1969\", \"Letter to Gardner Boothe Jr. from Armistead Boothe, 1970\", \"Alexandria Bar Association resolution on the death of Gardner L. Boothe, 1964\", \"Armistead Boothe correspondence, 1970s\", \"Cecil Woods letter, 1983\", and \"'Justice John M. Harlan and the values of federalism' by J. Harvie Wilkinson., 1971\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\", \"Armistead correspondence, 1939\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton C. Peele from 'Armie' (Armistead Boothe)\", \"Cartoon Christmas card\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton Peele from Armistead Boothe, 1937\", \"Invitation to dinnerhonoring Queen Elizabeth II and seating list for dinner issued to Mr. and Mrs. Armistead Boothe, 1957\", \"Letter to Miss McGonigle from Armistead Boothe, 1969\", \"Letter to Gardner Boothe Jr. from Armistead Boothe, 1970\", \"Alexandria Bar Association resolution on the death of Gardner L. Boothe, 1964\", \"Armistead Boothe correspondence, 1970s\", \"Cecil Woods letter, 1983\", and \"'Justice John M. Harlan and the values of federalism' by J. Harvie Wilkinson., 1971\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe correspondence with Brasenose college, 1953\", \"Deed of land to Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary, 1943\", and \"Armistead Boothe expense book and 6 separate sheets., 1929-1931\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead and Virginia Episcopal Theological Seminary, 1960s\", \"Gardner Boothe testimonial dinner, 1952\", \"Armistead Boothe certificate of appreciation, 1943\", \"Literary Society - Manuscript for 'County Lawyer', 1973-1978\", \"Armistead Boothe honored at Urban League award banquet, 1978\", \"Certificate from Va. state bar to Armistead Boothe, 1980\", \"Alexandria First Day covers. 12 Envelopes, 1949\", \"Alexandria bicentennial: program and certificate, 1949\", \"Invitation to join the Virginia Society of the American Revolution\", \"Cartoon for Lion's club charter night\", and \"Program: Dedication of Armjistead Boothe addition to Bishop Payne Library, VA Theological Seminary, 1980\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"NY World's fair/Armistead Boothe\", \"'America and India' by Edward Thompson. 1 pamphlet, 1930\", \"Human interet stories. 1 scrapbook. 1934-1940\", and \"Kipling's autobiography. Series of newspaper articles, 1937\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe's savings book with First National Bak, 1912\", \"Class prophecy (poem), Late 1920s\", \"Armistead Boothe. Autobiography and genealogy. -Also obituary, 1983-1990-02-14\", \"News clippings\", and \"Poetry by Armistead Boothe, 1948-1969\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes documents from Boothe's legal and military careers, including legal briefs and a collection of WWII-era silk \"escape\" maps of the Pacific Theater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit. 3 briefs, 1934\", U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit. 2 briefs, 1934-1935\", \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit. 1 brief, 1935\", U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit. 5 briefs, 1934-1935\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit. 5 briefs, 1934-1935\", Supreme Court of Appeals in Virginia at Richmond. 1 brief, 1935\", U.S. Supreme Court. 2 briefs, 1934-1956\", and \"U.S. Supreme Court. 1 petition for a writ of certiorari, 1956\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Lafayette Hotel deed, 1837\", \"Health certificates for marriage\", \"Howard Smith, Jr. and Smoot Estate case, 1965\", and \"Article from New Dominion about the merger of two northern virginia law firms, Boothe, Prichard and Dudley with McGuire, Woods and Battle, 1987\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series includes campaign materials, subject research, news clippings, speeches, press releases, and correspondence, reflecting Armistead Boothe's work while holding legislative office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Booklet- Home addresses and home and business phones of members of the general assembly, 1962\", \"General Assembly and political clippings, 1950\", \"Gubernatorial campaign. clippings, 1949\", and \"Gov. Tuck clippings, 1950\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Gray plan. 1 article., 1949\", \"newspaper clipping on Eisenhower campaign, 1952\", \"Armistead Boothe articles (2), 1950s\", \"Pubic schools: proposal, referendum, newspaper clippings, relating to integration of Virginia Schools., 1954\", \"Armistead Boothe and \"New South\" television program., 1977\", \"Betty Boothe Bill and horse racing/betting bill, 1977-1978\", \"Alexandria City Charter Bill, 1950\", and \"Armistead Boothe's legislative record, 1948-1959\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folder: \"Armistead Boothe speeches and articles, 1970s\" and \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Newspapers on Armistead Boothe political races, 1959-1966\" and \"Election Materials\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Election Materials\", \"Armistead Va. House of Delegates. 3 cards, 1947\", \"Armistead Boothe campaign for Lieutenant Governor. Statement and letters. Segregation controversy., 1961\", and \"Armistead Boothe/Beverly's Virginia Senate Campaign, 1959\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966, B-E\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966, B-E\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Education in Virginia, 1946-1950\", \"Education in Virginia, 1950-1952\", \"Education clippings, 1948-1951\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Health in Virginia. Clippings, 1949-1952\", \"Highways. Clippings, 1951\", and \"Housing - rent control, 1949\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"House Bill to change Code of Virginia: elections, 1948\", \"Benjamin Muse commentaries, 1950s\", Non-partisan party, 1948\", \"Planning and economic development, 1951\", \"Virginia legislature budget, 1948-1952\", and \"Labor issues, 1949-1950\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCombined from previous folders: \"Tax issues, 1950\", \"Trade: Correspondence and press release, 1950\", \"Voting records, Virginia House of Delegates, 1950\", \"Welfare, 1951-1952\", and \"Armistead Boothe: Tax reform and private college finances, 1961-1973\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains recordings of Armistead Boothe's campaign speeches and advertisements. Included are reel-to-reel audio tapes, CDs, and a VHS tape.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3 contains realia and items of clothing. Included are two wallets which belonged to Gardener Lloyd Boothe; as well as a christening gown and a World War II officer's hat, both of which likely belonged to Armistead Boothe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 contains the personal photograph collection of Armistead Boothe. Included are professional portraits of Armistead Boothe, family photographs, photographs of the Boothe family home at 711 Princess Street in Alexandria VA, and photographs from Boothe's political career. Also in this series are photographs from his time serving in World War II, including aerial photography of Guam and Japan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These are the collected papers of Alexandria politician Armistead Lloyd Boothe (1907-1990). Papers created or collected by Boothe in the course of his career include campaign materials, correspondence with colleagues, and extensive newspaper clippings in addition to other research on political issues such as segregation, education, and transportation.","The collection also includes scrapbooks, journals, albums, memorabilia and other forms of personal papers from various family members. One scrapbook documents Joseph Armistead Carr's career and death as a Rough Rider. Among the highlights of the business, legal, and financial papers in this collection are Captain William Boothe's ship logs. Genealogical papers relate to the Boothe, Carr, Harrison, and other families of Virginia and Alexandria.","Series 1 contains the personal and business papers of Armistead Boothe's parents (Gardner Lloyd Boothe and Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe) and of his paternal grandparents (William J. Boothe and Mary Grace Leadbeater Boothe), as well as genealogical information collected by Boothe about various branches of the famiy tree.","Included in this series are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. ","This sub-series includes the personal papers, correspondence, business, legal, and financial documents of William and Mary Boothe. Notable items include Captain William J. Boothe's ship's logs, and Mary Boothe's detailed financial management of her household after her husband's death.","Combined from previous folders: \"1845 letter to John Leadbeater, 1845\", \"1849 letter(s) relating to the honeymoon trip of William J. Boothe and Mary Grace Leadbeater, 1849\", \"Miscellaneous correspondence to Capt. William J. Boothe, 1848 - 1885\", and \"American Coal Co. to William J. Boothe, 1866 - 1890\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Miscellaneous correspondence, 1827 - 1864\", \"Correspondence between Wm.J. Boothe and S.B. Spencer, Atlanta, 1870's\", Letter from W.A. Slaymaker, University Publishing Co., Atlanta, 1872\", \"To George K. Whitmer from St. Louis Mutual Life Insurance Co., 1872\", \"Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1870s\", and \"William J. Boothe records for land in Nuckolls County, Nebraska, 1870s - 1880s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Checks from Atlanta, 1872-1873\", Correspondence related to property in Georgia, 1870s - 1880s\", \"Correspondence between William J. Boothe and B.F. Church, 1880s\", \"Correspondence with S. Ferguson Beach, 1880s\", Miscellaneous correspondence, 1880s\", \"Stutsman County, Dakota Territory, 1880-1891\", \"William J. Boothe to Alexandria City Council about Alexandria Water Company, 1882\", and \"Miscellaneous papers, 1890s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Bill in Maryland House of Delegates to amend charter of Cumberland and Pennsylvania Rail, 1868\" and \"Samuel Green naturalization paper\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Will of Eliza T. Fowle, 1869\", \"Eliza T. Fowle estate papers, 1860's - 1870's\", and \"William J. Boothe administration of the Eliza T. Fowle Estate, 711 Prince Street, 1870's\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Deeds for the block of Princess, Columbus, Washington, and Orinoco, 1840's - 1850's\", \"Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society, 1860\", \"Alexandria Canal Co, 1867\", \"Alexandria and Maryland Steam Ferry Co. stock, 1867\", \"Stock Certificate: Janney Car Coupling Co., 1874\", \"Northern Pacific Railroad Company Bonds, 1874-1875\", \"Deeds in Alexandria. 1884, 3 deeds (of indebtedness?): Robert N. Crook, Susan H. Crook, Hillary A. Crook, 1884\", and \"Deeds. Stutsman Co., Territory of Dakota., 1870s - 1880s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Alexandria Hospital, 1904\", \"Thomas Waddy Stove and Furnace Work, 1908\", \"Miscellaneous papers, 1910's\", \"Miscellaneous papers undated\", \"Harrington Livery Stable, 1910\", \"Long grocery order to Leadbeater, 1910\", \"Watkins Butcher order, 1910\", and \"Laundry machinery, 1910\"","Removed from one of two previous folders: \"Miscellaneous papers, 1910's\", or \"Miscellaneous papers undated\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1907-1910\" and \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1911\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1907-1910\", \"Checks from Burke \u0026 Herbert. Mary G. Boothe, 1911\", and \"Checks from First National Bank. Mary G. Boothe, 1909-1912\"","This sub-series includes the personal papers, correspondence, business, legal, and financial documents of Gardner and Eleanor Boothe. Notable items include Gardner's correspondence to Eleanor during their courtship; and a correspondence with Edith K. Roosevelt. This series also includes some papers of Gardner and Eleanor's first son and Armistead's elder brother, Gardner Jr.","Combined from previous folders: \"Potomac Academy certificates of distinction for G.L. Boothe, 1885-1890\", \"St. Margaret's Church bulletin, 1928\", \"Thank you to Mr. and Mrs. Gardner Boothe from Gunston Hall supporters\", \"News Clippings - Obituary of Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe; Obituary for Gardner L. Boothe, 1964-1968\", \"Gardner Boothe honored by attorneys, 1 article, 1946\", and \"Gardner Boothe/Boys harbor day. 1 clipping., 1956\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Garnder L. Boothe correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Gardner L. Boothe from Rev. B.B. Comer Lile, 1944\", and \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Receipts from Potomac Shoe Co. to WIlliam J. Boothe \u0026 Gardner Boothe, 1890\", \"Burke \u0026 Herbert blank checks in book, 1890s\", \"Gardner Boothe personal property tax. 1 item., 1960\", and \"Sale of 711 Princess \u0026 921 Vicar Lane. Five information sheets., 1960\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) application of Gardner Lloyd Boothe, Jr., 1941\", \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) verification for Garner L. Boothe, 1958\", and \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) Membership Certificate and Card for Gardner L. Boothe, 1928\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Miscellaneous Correspondenceto Eleanor Carr, 1899-1901\" and \"Poem commemorating the 1901 class of the Staunton normal school, 1901\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Correspondence 1908-1917\" and \"Correspondence 1918-1940\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Letter to Mrs. George L. Boothe from Genealogical Bureau of Virginia, 1940\", \"Letter to Mrs. Gardner Boothe from sister Franes (includes Harrison family genealogical information), 1940\", and \"Correspondence to Mrs. Gardner Boothe from Genealogical Burea of Virginia, 1940-1941\"","Combined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 5-6","Combined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 8-9","Combined from previous folders: Box 172 \"Letters to Eleanor Harrison Carr from Gardner Boothe during courtship and early marriage, 1904 - 1908\" folders 10-11","This sub-series includes records and correspondence created by or in relation to various members of the Carr family, Armistead's extended family on his mother's side.","Combined from previous folders: \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902), correspondence, 1854-1879\" and \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902), correspondence, to Miss Mary C. Carr, 1886\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Joseph A. Carr (1836-1902). Correspondence, 1880-1902\" and \"T. Roosevelt letter to J. A. Carr, 1900\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Carr family correspondence, mid 1800s - early 1900s\", \"Letter to Adm. Stanley from WIlliam Carr, 1878\", \"Letter from Joseph Armistead Carr to father, 1898-07017\", \"Miscellaneous correspondence re: Carr family genealogy\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Carr family: Correspondence and genalogical information related to Carr Family, 1812-1905\", \"Obituary information for Carr family\", and \"Miscellaneous Carr family information\"","This sub-series includes genealogical information, primarily collected by Armistead, in regards to various branches of his family, including notable Virginia families such as the Harrisons.","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead family\" and \"Booklet - 'The Family of Armistead of Virginia,' 1899\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead family\", \"Correspondence of WH. Armistead and Lucy (Armistead) Carr, 1839-1848\", and \"West Point \u0026 Walker Keith Armsitead. Class of 1803, 1803\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Baylor family\" and \"Bernard family\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Harrison family\", \"lines written on the death of WIlliam Henry Harrison, 9th U.S. President, by L.L. Bailey, Alexandria, Va. April 6, 1841.\", \"Genealogial information Harrison family (folder 10)\", \"Ancestral chart of Eleanor Harrison Carr Boothe\", \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 11)\", \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 14), and \"Genealogical information Harrison family (folder 34)\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Hartshorne family\" and \"Painter family\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) letter to Stanton Peele, Jr., 1938\", \"Letter to Armistead Boothe from Stanton Peele 1956\", \"News clipping- engagementc announcement of Bettie Peele to Armistead Boothe; Obituary for Joseph Carr, 1902-05-08\", and \"To California in '52, a tale by Stanley C. Peele, 1893\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Sketch of Buckner Magill Randolph (b.1842)\", \"Stabler/Leadbeater\", and \"News clippings- Obituary of Theodore Ravenel; Wedding announcement of Lucy Trezevant Carr and Joseph Foster Drummond\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Stanley family\", \"Stanley family letterws, 1813-1829\", and \"Fabius Stanley- Document appointing him as Acting Mid-shipman, U.S. Nay, 1831\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Tatum family\", \"Genealogical information Tatum family\", and \"Genealogy information on Adam Thoroughgood\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Trezevant family\", \"Trezevant family correspondence, 1836-1870s\", and \"Genealogical information Trezevant family\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Note arranging meeting to discuss genealogy project\", \"List of silver in closet\", \"Christian, Susan M., letter, 1871-09-08\", \"English sovereigns since 1066\", and \"Order of first families of Virginia, Statutes, 1823-1924\"","Series 2 contains the personal papers of Armistead Boothe and documents his legal, military, and political careers. Included are personal and professional correspondence, personal financial records, professional legal records, political research, military memorabilia, awards, newsclippings, and ephemera.","Included in this series are folders specifically labelled as containing correspondence, however there are additional instances of correspondence in other folders. ","This sub-series includes Armistead Boothe's personal correspondence, personal financial records including bound ledgers, awards and certificates, poetry authored by Boothe, and memorabilia from special events. Items of interest include ephemera from a dinner in Williamsburg, VA honoring and attended by Winston Churchill.","Combined from previous folders: \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\", \"Armistead correspondence, 1939\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton C. Peele from 'Armie' (Armistead Boothe)\", \"Cartoon Christmas card\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton Peele from Armistead Boothe, 1937\", \"Invitation to dinnerhonoring Queen Elizabeth II and seating list for dinner issued to Mr. and Mrs. Armistead Boothe, 1957\", \"Letter to Miss McGonigle from Armistead Boothe, 1969\", \"Letter to Gardner Boothe Jr. from Armistead Boothe, 1970\", \"Alexandria Bar Association resolution on the death of Gardner L. Boothe, 1964\", \"Armistead Boothe correspondence, 1970s\", \"Cecil Woods letter, 1983\", and \"'Justice John M. Harlan and the values of federalism' by J. Harvie Wilkinson., 1971\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Letter from Edith K. Roosevelt, June 18, 1922\", \"Armistead correspondence, 1939\", \"Correspondence to Armistead L. Boothe, 1920s - 1930s\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton C. Peele from 'Armie' (Armistead Boothe)\", \"Cartoon Christmas card\", \"Letter to Mrs. Stanton Peele from Armistead Boothe, 1937\", \"Invitation to dinnerhonoring Queen Elizabeth II and seating list for dinner issued to Mr. and Mrs. Armistead Boothe, 1957\", \"Letter to Miss McGonigle from Armistead Boothe, 1969\", \"Letter to Gardner Boothe Jr. from Armistead Boothe, 1970\", \"Alexandria Bar Association resolution on the death of Gardner L. Boothe, 1964\", \"Armistead Boothe correspondence, 1970s\", \"Cecil Woods letter, 1983\", and \"'Justice John M. Harlan and the values of federalism' by J. Harvie Wilkinson., 1971\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe correspondence with Brasenose college, 1953\", \"Deed of land to Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary, 1943\", and \"Armistead Boothe expense book and 6 separate sheets., 1929-1931\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead and Virginia Episcopal Theological Seminary, 1960s\", \"Gardner Boothe testimonial dinner, 1952\", \"Armistead Boothe certificate of appreciation, 1943\", \"Literary Society - Manuscript for 'County Lawyer', 1973-1978\", \"Armistead Boothe honored at Urban League award banquet, 1978\", \"Certificate from Va. state bar to Armistead Boothe, 1980\", \"Alexandria First Day covers. 12 Envelopes, 1949\", \"Alexandria bicentennial: program and certificate, 1949\", \"Invitation to join the Virginia Society of the American Revolution\", \"Cartoon for Lion's club charter night\", and \"Program: Dedication of Armjistead Boothe addition to Bishop Payne Library, VA Theological Seminary, 1980\"","Combined from previous folders: \"NY World's fair/Armistead Boothe\", \"'America and India' by Edward Thompson. 1 pamphlet, 1930\", \"Human interet stories. 1 scrapbook. 1934-1940\", and \"Kipling's autobiography. Series of newspaper articles, 1937\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe's savings book with First National Bak, 1912\", \"Class prophecy (poem), Late 1920s\", \"Armistead Boothe. Autobiography and genealogy. -Also obituary, 1983-1990-02-14\", \"News clippings\", and \"Poetry by Armistead Boothe, 1948-1969\"","This sub-series includes documents from Boothe's legal and military careers, including legal briefs and a collection of WWII-era silk \"escape\" maps of the Pacific Theater.","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit. 3 briefs, 1934\", U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Sixth Circuit. 2 briefs, 1934-1935\", \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit. 1 brief, 1935\", U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit. 5 briefs, 1934-1935\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit. 5 briefs, 1934-1935\", Supreme Court of Appeals in Virginia at Richmond. 1 brief, 1935\", U.S. Supreme Court. 2 briefs, 1934-1956\", and \"U.S. Supreme Court. 1 petition for a writ of certiorari, 1956\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Lafayette Hotel deed, 1837\", \"Health certificates for marriage\", \"Howard Smith, Jr. and Smoot Estate case, 1965\", and \"Article from New Dominion about the merger of two northern virginia law firms, Boothe, Prichard and Dudley with McGuire, Woods and Battle, 1987\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"","Combined from previous folders: \"U.S. Hornet (Navy ship), 1945\", and \"Military service, WWII, 1940s\"","This sub-series includes campaign materials, subject research, news clippings, speeches, press releases, and correspondence, reflecting Armistead Boothe's work while holding legislative office.","Combined from previous folders: \"Booklet- Home addresses and home and business phones of members of the general assembly, 1962\", \"General Assembly and political clippings, 1950\", \"Gubernatorial campaign. clippings, 1949\", and \"Gov. Tuck clippings, 1950\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Gray plan. 1 article., 1949\", \"newspaper clipping on Eisenhower campaign, 1952\", \"Armistead Boothe articles (2), 1950s\", \"Pubic schools: proposal, referendum, newspaper clippings, relating to integration of Virginia Schools., 1954\", \"Armistead Boothe and \"New South\" television program., 1977\", \"Betty Boothe Bill and horse racing/betting bill, 1977-1978\", \"Alexandria City Charter Bill, 1950\", and \"Armistead Boothe's legislative record, 1948-1959\"","Combined from previous folder: \"Armistead Boothe speeches and articles, 1970s\" and \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Newspapers on Armistead Boothe political races, 1959-1966\" and \"Election Materials\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Election Materials\", \"Armistead Va. House of Delegates. 3 cards, 1947\", \"Armistead Boothe campaign for Lieutenant Governor. Statement and letters. Segregation controversy., 1961\", and \"Armistead Boothe/Beverly's Virginia Senate Campaign, 1959\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966, B-E\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Armistead Boothe press releases and speeches, 1966, B-E\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Education in Virginia, 1946-1950\", \"Education in Virginia, 1950-1952\", \"Education clippings, 1948-1951\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Health in Virginia. Clippings, 1949-1952\", \"Highways. Clippings, 1951\", and \"Housing - rent control, 1949\"","Combined from previous folders: \"House Bill to change Code of Virginia: elections, 1948\", \"Benjamin Muse commentaries, 1950s\", Non-partisan party, 1948\", \"Planning and economic development, 1951\", \"Virginia legislature budget, 1948-1952\", and \"Labor issues, 1949-1950\"","Combined from previous folders: \"Tax issues, 1950\", \"Trade: Correspondence and press release, 1950\", \"Voting records, Virginia House of Delegates, 1950\", \"Welfare, 1951-1952\", and \"Armistead Boothe: Tax reform and private college finances, 1961-1973\"","This sub-series contains recordings of Armistead Boothe's campaign speeches and advertisements. Included are reel-to-reel audio tapes, CDs, and a VHS tape.","Series 3 contains realia and items of clothing. Included are two wallets which belonged to Gardener Lloyd Boothe; as well as a christening gown and a World War II officer's hat, both of which likely belonged to Armistead Boothe.","Series 4 contains the personal photograph collection of Armistead Boothe. Included are professional portraits of Armistead Boothe, family photographs, photographs of the Boothe family home at 711 Princess Street in Alexandria VA, and photographs from Boothe's political career. Also in this series are photographs from his time serving in World War II, including aerial photography of Guam and Japan."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Description\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContent Description\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials","Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Content Description","Content Description"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution","Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family","Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Water Company","Potomac, Piedmont and Valley Agricultural Society (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Canal Company","Alexandria Hospital (Va.)","Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia (Alexandria, Va.)","Society of the Sons of the American Revolution"],"famname_ssim":["Boothe Family","Carr Family","Harrison Family","Baylor Family","Bernard Family","Bowles Family","Hartshorne Family","Painter Family","Peele Family","Randolph Family","Ravenel Family","Stanley Family","Tatum Family","Thoroughgood Family","Trezevant Family"],"persname_ssim":["Boothe, Armistead L. (Armistead Lloyd), 1907-1990","Boothe, Eleanor Harrison Carr, 1881-1968","Boothe, Gardner L. (Gardner Lloyd), 1872-1964","Boothe, William J. (William Jeremiah), 1816-1894","Boothe, Mary Grace Stabler-Leadbeater, 1839-1914","Carr, Joseph Armistead, 1867-1901","Carr, Francis \"Fanny\" Smith Harrison","Boothe, Elizabeth \"Betty\" Ravenel Peele, b. 1912","Churchill, Winston (Winston Leonard Spencer), 1874-1965"],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":400,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:58:35.728Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_87_c01_c03"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"1.3: Circulation Records","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records"],"text":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records","1.3: Circulation Records","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library."],"title_filing_ssi":"1.3: Circulation Records","title_ssm":["1.3: Circulation Records"],"title_tesim":["1.3: Circulation Records"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1937-1953"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/1984, bulk 1937/1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1.3: Circulation Records"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"extent_ssm":["0.92 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.92 Cubic Feet"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":280,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such."],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Sub-Series Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_157.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/157","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1937-2013"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"text":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157","Alexandria Library Records (MS098)","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries.","Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.","This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives","Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.","Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)","This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff","Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS098","/repositories/2/resources/157"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Records (MS098)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.). Library","Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"extent_tesim":["13.86 Cubic Feet 30 boxes, 1 oversized box"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Public access to some confidential personnel records is restricted, these materials are noted as such.","This folder contains confidential personnel records. Public access and use of these materials is restricted for 75 years from the date of creation of the document.","This site is only accessible to Alexandria Library staff and is not available for public research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.3. Circulation Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1.5. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeries 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.1. Annual Reports\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.2. Administration and Finance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.3. Branch Records\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2.5. Web Archives\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Notes on Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This finding aid describes and documents the updated arrangement of this collection as of 2023. Previously, the collection was organized into the following series: By Laws, Charters, and Agreements; Board; Annual Reports; Administration; Circulation; Construction; History; Publicity; Scrapbooks; Workshops; Queen/Barrett; Robert Robinson; Special Services; and Lloyd House. \"By-Laws, Charters, and Agreements\" and \"Administration\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance. \"History,\" \"Publicity,\" \"Scrapbooks,\" \"Workshops,\" and \"Photographs\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach. \"Construction,\" \"Queen/Barrett,\" \"Robert Robinson,\" \"Special Services,\" and \"Lloyd House,\" have been combined into the new Subseries 1.5. Branch Records.","The \"Board\" series has been separated from MS098 and combined with other records to form a new, separate collection of Alexandria Library Board Records.","The physical and intellectual arrangement of the Alexandria Library Records (MS098) has been updated a few times over the years, while remaining accessible to the public. Thus, the decision was made to maintain, as much as appropriate, the current order of the pre-existing collection as Series 1: Founding and 20th Century Records; and Series 2: 21st Century Records includes the new accretions to the collection as of 2023. Future accretions to this collection will either be added to Series 2 or form a new series.","Series 1. Founding and 20th Century Records, 1937-2005\n Subseries 1.1. Annual Reports Subseries 1.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 1.3. Circulation Records Subseries 1.4. History, Programming, and Outreach Subseries 1.5. Branch Records Series 2. 21st Century Records, 1994-present\n Subseries 2.1. Annual Reports Subseries 2.2. Administration and Finance Subseries 2.3. Branch Records Subseries 2.4. Programming and Outreach Subseries 2.5. Web Archives"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. \u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/1939-sit-in\"\u003eMore details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.org/about-us#timeline\"\u003eFor a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded as a subscription library in 1794 and serving as the public library of Alexandria, Virginia since 1937 – Alexandria Library has a long legacy of supporting early literacy and lifelong learning in our diverse community. The Alexandria Library builds community through its six branches by providing opportunities to learn, explore, create, and connect.","The Alexandria Library Company (ALC) was founded on July 24, 1794 and operated a subscription library for nearly 150 years. In 1937, the ALC entered an agreement with the City of Alexandria and their collections formed the foundation of the city's first free public library. Since then, the Alexandria Library has grown into a system of six branches which serve the community of Alexandria, Virginia. ","The Kate Waller Barrett Library opened its doors on Queen Street in 1937; this was the first location of the Alexandria Library. It was named after Dr. Kate Waller Barrett – local humanitarian, social crusader, and political reformer. The Society of Friends granted a 99-year lease for use of its old Quaker Burial Ground on Queen Street as the site for the new public library building. This library has undergone several renovations and expansions over the years, in 1954, 1964, and 1993. When the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library was built, the Barrett Library shifted from being the main library to its current role as a branch library which serves residents of Old Town Alexandria and surrounding neighborhoods.","The Robert Robinson Library, named for a grandson of one of George Washington's slaves, opened in 1940 to serve black residents of Alexandria. The establishment of this new branch library was motivated by a civil rights demonstration and lawsuit brought against the Library and the City of Alexandria. The earliest known civil rights sit-in was held at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library in 1939. Alexandria Attorney Samuel W. Tucker and five young African American men demonstrated this act of civil disobedience after being denied library cards. The Sit-In and following legal action resulted in the establishment of a new branch of the library to provide \"separate but equal\" library services to black residents. However, this new library branch never received the same support or funding as the main library and was never able to provide fully equitable services to the local African American community. The Alexandria Library officially integrated for adults in 1959, and for children in 1962. The Robert Robinson Library closed in 1962 and the building is now the site of the Alexandria Black History Museum. More details about the 1939 sit-in and integration of Alexandria Library, as well as links to additional resources can be found on our website.","The Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library opened on Seminary Road in 1968. This branch library was named after Ellen Coolidge Burke (1901-1975), who served as Director of the Alexandria Library from 1948 to 1969. The Burke Branch Library serves residents of the Seminary Hill neighborhood and surrounding areas. ","The James M. Duncan, Jr. Branch Library opened on Commonwealth Avenue in 1969. The Duncan Branch Library serves residents of the Del Ray neighborhood and surrounding areas. This branch was named after James M. Duncan (1897-1967), who served as Chief of the Alexandria Fire Department 1924-1947, member of City Council 1949-1967, and member of the Alexandria Library Board 1950-1967. In 2005 the Duncan Branch Library underwent renovations and became the first City of Alexandria government building to have a \"living\" roof – a Green Infrastructure approach to reducing stormwater runoff and pollution in local waterways. ","The Local History / Special Collections Branch was established in 1976 and first housed at Lloyd House, a historic home on the corner of Queen and North Washington Streets. In 1999, after completion of the most recent round of renovations and expansions, Local History / Special Collections moved into the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library. Local History / Special Collections stewards many valuable resources documenting the history and culture of Alexandria and Virginia from the colonial period to the present.","The Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library opened on Duke Street in 2000. This new central library was named after former mayor of Alexandria, Charles E. \"Chuck\" Beatley, Jr. (1916-2003). Upon completion of the new main library site, library adminstration offices were moved from the Barrett Library (formerly the central library) to the Beatley Library.","In 2015 the Library took over management of the Alexandria Law Library, located in the basement of the Alexandria Circuit Court on King Street. The Alexandria Law Library provides legal resources for the benefit of the entire Alexandria community, including its citizens, government agencies, local businesses, the judiciary, and members of the bar.","For a more detailed timeline of the history of Alexandria Library, check out our website."],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8c5ffb42-5524-4dc7-a8b4-a73f7efd331e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|894c2868-34c0-45cb-bbd7-b6116cb9124d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|da857c0c-296a-44f7-ab6a-7c2ef7f6321b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this 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href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a960a00f-aef4-4102-a090-28ef0e774a1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e07d27c-0667-496c-9fc9-a759401ea84b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dd86645-aee7-4dc0-a448-8b1a366ca43d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7289215-eaca-4f70-9db5-d618c4b4268c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aaecee73-770b-4dc0-a5fb-ad424505e3af/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5b2baaaa-f268-433b-bcd8-f7b58ee756fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8f393379-c7c0-4289-aa97-126c07454c2d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|65ba51a6-9980-437c-a0a8-9b812c7bcc1e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3cb9e051-78a0-4171-b705-aa095bc9dc16/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e3006d3f-5648-4960-bfb3-9cde4dbd0ef8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa233c09-5939-412e-ac97-bde4def034fd/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b99e3355-3be7-4288-a295-1b89032f8de2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42d1f5cf-e5b5-4129-abf6-30490e68519e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|32b50591-64c3-4030-995c-1b642c546c40/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|59d54aa3-37dd-419e-897c-f610719602b7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b5be668b-4c36-4186-8982-c16a1e229d20/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5508d012-7643-425b-9b49-31611b2325d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d3219ad0-703a-41e9-8972-5bfbaed888fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d2bc9b53-ce4d-4869-b028-4ef1fcb073d8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b85331ca-2989-4d5f-a470-b747374c2e26/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|54f81cf7-7e77-4afc-86f0-85ee02d37d9d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|90873c83-9782-4565-bbf8-4ed37cdb2e30/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|8e9971ee-f82c-4f42-a701-f3c0fd9ed4d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7d24ac36-712a-4d1b-a5c3-39689988ba89/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3898e720-d3d6-4504-aa3c-6ced13f46f0a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c930dfaa-faf1-4aaf-802c-aa69bc9d0255/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|42ee1234-2a7a-4586-b695-537409ca618d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b1455d2e-d41b-4e0b-a840-cddafdb00d1f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|939d736b-20ce-4597-91fd-b898bae33ee8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|aa0f3389-f894-4fd8-8646-a6279a20e2e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bd555e9e-6bd1-4deb-ae8e-29fac38fa0f3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|24ecb5a1-ca62-43cd-82dc-58e78eb5b0a6/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ec845170-dd5f-4d9d-a3eb-2f7f54f28c45/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd71f510-2900-4932-b5c8-773d356aa74d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|46aa3cbc-c3ca-428b-a3eb-9f864ded1fbe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a1b1a124-cb67-4004-8a52-cabc0540ba50/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|156e31ad-c793-4d9f-95e2-593309eba75f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|d5866300-0f94-4c3e-be37-bfafcd4df310/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e7f934e4-04aa-4a51-9c3a-696a98984e7b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|cd7d450f-3958-4cfa-a637-a8e9b5f9a32e/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78bf04d9-2a23-43c7-9f14-b6a1b23cacad/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|73f914f5-6412-43c7-983d-dec481f0f04b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a5f9bab-d6c2-4194-ba71-5b17d55f7a72/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a9ddda38-eeb7-4fdc-946b-729494c91c2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1a453d9f-7d9f-4a8b-8204-d513852f7af7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37d51356-2123-4ac7-bcf3-9428ed029bd3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9d4ae49-f62c-4abe-b5ce-d23640fbc58c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|37dc006e-c5f4-459a-bffb-17c61fc31ccf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|684bd62b-8c67-4e5b-a1ba-c1e58e3f39d7/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ac73a1cb-67b8-4866-9499-bc01d4094795/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2a3c6321-c868-4e7e-8ac4-50406bc2364f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5c81d4b1-2478-4441-a007-6e226a86dc57/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4f88a2f1-2c40-4dff-8ea4-7d619258ddf2/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|9eea9153-d572-49d3-89e6-5dde9c707fb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8d26fcf8-3240-42a3-980a-5a9b5c36a799/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_5f5caa20-94ee-4a8c-aa92-4846b9d4bb06/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2ccfcc8f-1750-4827-93e5-a48b087f848e/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_57f3ac3b-1b71-4822-b7ab-d385c0745fd6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3f9debd1-c9cd-4829-9c4d-faeff29054eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2a03f7ca-b38c-4d5a-806a-44e43d2cd07f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3cd4c4fd-ac94-4ecd-8b1c-ebbf68947ebf/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_377eaa24-a27b-4ab8-b9d7-e646dd0acd04/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e8c1dbe2-0cd7-4630-8fa7-7c0a3600b2ba/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ad33be2f-988d-46dc-8af1-7570646ec86c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c807fe07-5c93-4f45-b127-f34f69792d14/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1050a027-9948-4d50-a0b8-9ad8209ddf43/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9de17d10-3ff9-4b7a-8ada-bcb8516bbf44/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0ddb12b6-9660-4beb-8c3e-1cddf6dbc5d6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_92648e88-c666-4240-ba23-b63f38c2f7f5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_baeb425f-988d-4260-b03d-42f14f27ed35/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3dd28149-ff59-4338-9377-3b57908d60be/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_306e35f6-f6e4-4dc8-881f-de7789226254/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d923bbd1-f787-40e4-b734-fe774de9d671/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_16446faa-6fa3-438c-8d22-508fb5086ea4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a4d69cb1-8bfa-4dcf-9fe3-8aba298089ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_2de9865f-5bba-4df1-823e-09dc3854550b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_81823870-b373-467a-bcbd-6da2615b67fa/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_757b7a02-74da-4f7d-b452-452b6a1b03d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08c3f44c-3a27-41ef-84b3-8d1119221242/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_08826eda-2d9f-487b-bafe-033492030b15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfb5087b-4b70-4dd6-9ce5-47eab9f8cbb4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e11f0483-c0ae-4bb1-8f7b-5ce0309bcd1a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|1cb336fd-b790-463d-8428-0107d1fb51ed/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a98401b5-cece-43b1-8b86-13ae83f2d5d2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7217f04a-471e-4390-947d-d79144bf6bf3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b4694a54-c2de-4ce3-a020-1a42ec6dea9c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36e0020f-b6e2-4a1e-b595-22b71499d4a3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6fc46310-c142-46af-b700-3c65782a67ad/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_3bce1e32-92ea-40ce-b685-781487e455bb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_be6795b0-32eb-4cde-b3e0-f0a64366f38a/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_62d33928-cff8-4acc-a43b-ee03a0f65e9b/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9c0e9d98-b00d-4205-866c-8bd43f29d524/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_63d1c489-23ca-4587-b414-46d48961c2f9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0216e8ce-4243-4cca-9aa6-9abcc56d58ee/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_517ff26e-273c-4573-b8aa-aa627c5b0ebc/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_29801f28-6292-4b61-872d-b43c8b6d06c9/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c6c9bafe-52e9-433f-8661-0018a88bc75d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b66676d3-9a94-46c8-a6ea-15307467d6f8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9a91b309-7768-4318-96f1-3cfbcbebfd01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_047cc9f1-21a6-4413-9fad-423b2a6b1287/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_9def87fa-923f-42aa-91d4-d523b217572c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_b600ef6a-88a3-4b9c-bf74-544ff932504c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_41f7a306-87ba-4f8d-8bcb-0b1e585beab4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_df338f73-4e79-4e24-ab1a-a79f6a7173ab/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e7ad605a-1b53-4cc0-8c0e-19e79b6eae27/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d4b38950-b6fc-4069-a664-af4b1ce0f9d3/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7df4a52c-ca65-42cb-8c2c-09b723adf9b1/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0f521b29-f4d6-4302-8cd8-a1eac6f300e2/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_6c25b7fa-1db7-42c9-8948-7d3805eb7108/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_24877cf2-aa65-4b49-aaee-e15fe97595e6/\"\u003eClick to view digital image\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|3631fba4-c057-4cf9-bbaa-5dda3f2aba99/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_36a3db3c-3fdc-4d8f-8605-6b19ca02bbcb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_489cc776-71f8-4e02-9e21-c1c0a4f3d7eb/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e132f549-c44e-400d-802b-1e0b138dfd87/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a3fc3610-a308-41bd-b18d-1d646c686c93/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_ecc756a-5465-41dc-aa80-9bbe20a4e035/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_412c87c9-163e-4d24-9357-34df2d5b2e13/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_86226d16-3485-4c02-9899-416b154faf4f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d71c63e2-497e-4148-895e-76585974cc7f/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1e293ccb-6685-4d42-8754-46ad7af35cd5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_98258815-7f00-4c3f-9d17-c541d81a5b0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cec40410-d1be-4bb0-9bab-39f7f1862657/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_a69eac6f-09a7-4ee9-8824-29f6b50aaa7c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_d2489d87-1587-457a-9a0f-c6f94c163579/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0d92ea83-e458-4751-9063-9fb3bd142972/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_f99b2dd5-b7a3-4b07-a02c-f4841a44a8d0/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_8273f353-7452-4a28-87e0-ce616e9f2824/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c3e2b27f-4697-4fc4-a5ab-bde61ba57cc5/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_bfbbea77-dbaa-4eef-9079-275157ebaf30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_65863205-3ff9-4761-84af-7761f2975e01/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_1691260a-b4bd-4744-85e2-d1169db31b74/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_cfaf4395-77de-4b9b-b77b-05a456df6544/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|18e5b879-6f2c-4dc3-89e5-443adff9d573/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_82a998a6-8b94-42a9-8a79-1581409e01ca/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_c56c7e77-c8f4-4e70-97bc-7514347c11a8/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_7002486d-6012-4b1e-8b7b-cb949e624ef4/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_0aa7d5cd-e501-4cba-a140-9205abd05e15/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_15a41923-5fd3-454c-99bc-2c496ecd248d/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_4f02dfee-b8f7-4fde-abd1-6f3963571a2c/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/IO_e165e654-085c-4d9b-bf5e-786ed83b6f30/\"\u003eClick to view digital image.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|bfbbbe62-d9d3-4cf4-8778-a75f1176ded1/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|469929aa-96de-404c-b28a-dad33a3fbf61/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fd1b19e2-354f-4a0a-b8cb-b7972dfd577d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e4d695b7-bcb3-4de9-a6da-69868a468dc0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a27070eb-8bbd-40f6-a778-8a6a471dab0d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4b87dab3-2ee7-4afd-acd2-c600aa643096/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|95a9052a-3434-468e-a53e-310b85f4798c/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7df764bf-7bf5-4d68-9f36-283a4bd781fe/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archive-it.org/collections/20256\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://alexlibraryva.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.facebook.com/AlexLibraryVA/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://instagram.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://twitter.com/alexlibraryva/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.youtube.com/@AlexandriaLibrary\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://outofthestacks.com/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.mightycause.com/organization/Alexandria-Library-Foundation/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://beatleyfriends.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/20256/*/https://www.friendsofduncanlibrary.org/\"\u003eClick to view web archives\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital 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view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives","Click to view web archives"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item description], Alexandria Library Records, MS098, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library Board Records\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128\"\u003eAlexandria Library Company Records (MS002)\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Library Board Records\n Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColor candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFacebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInstagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYoutube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnline donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWebsite of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIntranet website for Alexandria Library staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Series Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Sub-Series Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Description","Content Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description","Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the records of the Alexandria Library, documenting the administration and operation of the Library, dating from the founding of the public library in 1937 through the present. Included are administrative records, annual reports, financial records, circulation records, materials documenting the history of the Library, programming and outreach records, and records of the individual branches of the library system. Formats include textual documents, photographs, and ephemera.","The Alexandria Library is an active organization, and so this collection is a living collection which will be periodically added to and updated. Check this collection guide for any future updates to the collection. ","This series contains materials documenting the Alexandria Library, from its founding as a public library in 1937 through the early 2000s. The majority of documents in this series pertain to the decades between 1950 and 2000. These records document the administration and operations of the Library and its individual branches, as well as materials documenting the history of the Alexandria Library. Documents include annual reports, financial records, correspondence, project files, and other administrative documentation. Also included in this series are ephemera and realia, photographs and other graphic materials, and some oversized materials.","This sub-series contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, as well as its individual branches. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1938 through 1942. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1943 through 1946. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1947 through 1948. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1949 through 1950. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1951 through 1953. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1954 through 1956. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1957 through 1959. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1960 through 1961. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to annual reports published by the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1964. Documents include final copies of annual reports, drafts of annual reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This sub-series contains administrative and financial records of the Alexandria Library. Documents include correspondence, budgets and other financial records, affirmative action records, bylaws and agreements, official city proclamations, gift records, and other administrative materials.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1937 through the 1950s. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to administrative and financial dealings of the Alexandria Library system, dating from the 1950s through the 1992. Documents include final copies of bylaws, charters, and agreements as well as draft documents, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plan put in place for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1975.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action policy used to create an Affirmative Action plan for the Alexandria Library system, dating from 1976.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the City of Alexandria, dating from 1976 and 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action plans from both 1976 and 1980.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action plans for the Alexandria Public Library, dating from 1978 through 1982. Documents include reference material used to create the Affirmative Action plans including OSHA Recordkeeping guidelines and guidelines from the Department of Equal Employment Opportunity for the City of Alexandria. Other documents include Alexandria Public Library's Affirmative Action goals, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1974 through 1976. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1977 through 1980. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Affirmative Action reports for the Alexandria Public Library system, dating from 1981 through 1987. Documents include final Affirmative Action and Equal Employment Opportunity reports, sample forms, membership reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1938 through 1944. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1945 through 1948. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, press related to the budget, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1949 through 1951. Documents include proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1951 through 1953. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1953 through 1955. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include draft material, proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the Budget for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1955 through 1959. Documents include , proposed yearly budgets, final budget reports, reference materials, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the budget for the City of Alexandria's City Planning and Capital Improvement programs in regard to the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1950 through 1961. Documents include final budget reports, proposed budgets, proposed building projects, draft material, reference material, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to Rules, Regulations, and Review articles for the Alexandria Public Library system, dated from 1937 through 1955. Documents include inquiries regarding librarian salaries of other Virginia public libraries, proposed rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, final rules and regulations for Alexandria Public Library, meeting minutes, library directories, press regarding the library, and related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains a 2014 copy of the introduced House Joint Resolution No. 418 which details the historical significance of the 1939 Alexandria Library Sit-in to the House of Delegates, Mayor of Alexandria, and General Assembly and proposes that this information be conveyed at an upcoming ceremony.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1951. Documents included correspondence, press regarding Alexandria Public Library, proposals for the planning and construction of the Robert Robinson Library, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to correspondence to and from Alexandria Library, dated from 1952 through 1961. Documents include written correspondence, meeting and presentation notes, book acquisitions and acquisition proposals, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the professional and nonprofessional duties within public libraries set forth by the American Library Association, dated from 1948. Documents include the preliminary draft of the Descriptive List of Professional and Nonprofessional Duties in Libraries handbook.","This folder contains records pertaining to position descriptions and pay plans for Virginia public libraries, dated from 1950. Documents include a guidebook detailing all positions available with Virginia public libraries, their position descriptions, and recommended qualifications.","This folder contains records pertaining to \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", dated from 1951. Documents include a handbook titled \"Position Classification and Salary Administration in Libraries\", written by the American Library Association, detailing guides and standards for library administrative staff to utilize when creating administrative plans.","This folder contains records pertaining to information and guidelines for new City of Alexandria employees, dated from 1950 to 1986. Documents include guidebooks detailing fundamental information regarding being employed by the City of Alexandria, code of ethics, and guidelines for managers to effectively communicate employee evaluations.","This sub-series contains records documenting circulation statistics of the Library.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include overall number of books circulated during a given year and ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1937 through 1940. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1941 through 1942. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1943 through 1944. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949 through 1953. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1949. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This folder contains records pertaining to circulation statistics for the Alexandria Library system, dated from 1944 through 1946. Documents include ledgers detailing the number and genre of Adult and Children's books circulated each day of the year that the library was open to the public.","This sub-series contains materials of mixed formats documenting the history of the Library and its programming and outreach work. Documents include scrapbooks, posters, news clippings, correspondence, administrative documents, event programs, and photographs.","This folder contains materials pertaining to Alexandria Library history, dating from 1957-1961. Documents include newspaper clippings from various local newspapers, event photos, correspondence, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1960. Documents include notes, correspondence, and copies of newspaper articles relating to the library.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library. Documents include copies of events schedules, event programs, summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1937 through 1947. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1955 through 1973. Documents include newspaper clippings that detail library history, press, and publicity.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1936 through 1954. Documents include summaries of the library's history, copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the history of Alexandria Library, dated from 1945 through 1985. Documents include copies of newspaper articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to publicity correspondence for Alexandria Library, dated from c. 1954-1986. Documents include correspondence relating to proposed exhibits, cosmetic changes to library branches, research inquiries, proof of membership, thank-you messages, plans for library news releases, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to press releases for Alexandria Library, dated from 1947-1986. Documents include drafts of news releases, draft 5-year plan documents, descriptions of upcoming library programs, mock-ups for news articles relating to the library, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to events related to Alexandria Library, dated from 1954 through 1992. Documents include programs from library events and other notes and correspondence.","This folder contains biographical research materials about James M. Duncan, Jr. (the namesake of the Duncan Branch) which were collected by branch managers of Duncan Branch. Materials include notes, newsclippings, and photocopies of newsclippings.","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The smiling officials cutting the red ribbon, who include six men and two women, are dressed professionally and each holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #402","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Eight people, presumed to be library officials, stand on the main floor of the Barrett Branch in front of a seated audience, in the midst of a ribbon cutting ceremony. The officials, who include six men and two women, have not yet cut the red ribbon and are dressed professionally. Each of the eight officials holds their own pair of scissors. Behind them are shelves of library books and a set of stairs that up to the second floor of the library. The seated audience of men and women watches as the ceremony proceeds. The photograph is dated September 10th, 1995. Photo previously labeled #403","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo of men and women milling around the first floor of the Barrett Branch was taken, presumably, after the conclusion of the ceremony. Some of the people pictured are in conversation with one another, while others are taking in their surroundings. In the foreground is a podium framed on either side by yellow flowers and an American flag. In the background are library books shelves and a set of stairs that lead up to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #404","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This candid photo was taken amidst a crowd of people attending the ceremony on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The men and women of various ages stand milling around the space. Some are in conversation with one another while others look in many directions, taking in their surroundings. Visible in the background is the entrance to the library that consists of floor to ceiling windows allowing natural daylight to stream in. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #405","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of several people standing around on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The three men and one woman in the foreground are in conversation with each other but only the two men on the right have realized the group is being photographed. The two men on the right are looking at the camera and smiling, while the women is still speaking and the third man is looking to his right with his back to the photographer. In the background are other people, some in conversation and some not, as well as empty chairs set up against filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #406","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A large audience of men and women have filled the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably watching as the ceremony unfolds. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the space while the rest of the crowd have filled the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the room, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #407","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Two women stand posing for a picture, on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. With their arms around each other, the woman on the left looks directly at the camera while the women on the right smiles at something out of frame on the left. In the background are more people, men and women, milling around the large indoor space. Some are in conversation with one another and others are simply moving about the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #409","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of two smiling men and a young child posing for a picture together. On the left, the young child stands holding the hand of the man in the middle who has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red patterned tie. The man on the right, who stands with his hand on the shoulder of the man in the middle, has white hair and is wearing glasses and a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and blue tie. All three stand under a half visible, gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that is hanging on the wall behind them. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #410","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together. The three men are all wearing dark-colored suits with light-colored shirts and ties. The two children, one boy and one girl, stand in front of the men in the middle and on the right. The boy wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants while the girl wears a striped, long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink shoelaces. All five smile at the camera as they pose under a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. The woman in the portrait has her white hair tied back in a bun and sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #411","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. A woman stands posing for a picture with the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett hanging near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and skirt, smiles as she looks to left at something just out of frame. She stands below the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett. In the portrait, Kate Waller Barrett has her white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant hangs from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #412","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Three men and two children stand posing for a picture together under the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance of the Barrett Branch Library. The man on the left has white hair and is wearing glasses, a dark-colored suit, a light-colored shirt and blue tie. He has his hand on the shoulder of the little girl to the right of him who wears a striped long-sleeve dress with black tights and black shoes with pink laces. The little girl holds the hand of the man in the middle who wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and dark patterned tie. Next to him, on the right, stands the little boy who wears a light-colored button-down shirt and striped dress pants. The little boy holds the hand of the last man on the right who has brown hair and mustache, glasses, and wears a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt and red patterned tie. All five stand beneath the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has her white hair tied back into a bun. She sits, posed in profile, and is wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #413","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of four men standing in front of the portrait of Kate Waller Barrett that hangs near the entrance to the library. The two men on the left are greeting each other and the two men on the right are standing separately both looking in opposite directions towards things just out of frame. All the men are dressed in suits and ties and three out of four are wearing glasses. The leftmost man is holding multiple pairs of scissors and the second man from the right is holding an event program. Behind them, hanging on the wall is the gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents, with a gold cross pendant hanging from her neck and a brooch pinned to her chest. Also in the background, off to the left, is a child, seemingly in motion, appearing blurry in the photograph. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #414","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of a group of men and women standing around a table of computers on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. On the round table there are four white computers, each with their own keyboard and mouse. Two of the computers are in use, one by a man in dark dress pants and white shirt and the other by two people, a woman and young man, working together. In the background are other people milling about as well as library bookshelves and a set of stairs leading to the second floor of the library. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #415","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The candid photograph is of two groups of men and women, some sitting and some standing, inside of the library presumably before the ceremony begins. To left is a group of seated people, partially blocked from view by a desk, and to the right is a group of men standing together in conversation. Between the two groups sits a small stage with an American flag, bordered at the front by small pots of yellow flowers. In the background are rows of both tall and short bookshelves in front of a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #416","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of two women and one man standing in conversation with one another. The two women are both in light-colored dresses and the woman on the right faces away from the camera and carries a purse. The man wears glasses and is dressed in a light-colored suit with a white dress shirt and patterned tie. The woman on the left looks across to the woman on the right as she and the man in the middle are looking at each other. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #417","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of men and women milling about inside the Barrett Branch. The people in the foreground seem to be in conversation with each other while others are having separate conversations in the background. The photo is being taken from behind a bookshelf decorated with a potted plant whose leaves have just started to come in to frame on the right side of the photo. Behind the people are more bookshelves, decorated with flowers, and a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #418","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of four men, one woman, and two children. Every person pictured is looking in a different direction, some seeming to be moving towards different parts of the room and appearing blurry in the photo. All of the men are dressed in suits, the woman wears a pink buttoned jacket, the little boy wears a light-color button-down, and the little girl wears a striped long-sleeve dress. Behind them on the wall hangs a gold-framed, painted portrait of Kate Waller Barrett who has white hair tied back into a bun and sits, posed in profile, wearing dark-colored clothes, with floral accents. A gold cross pendant is hanging from her neck and a brooch is pinned to her chest. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #419","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. In the library stands many men, women, and children milling about the space. Some are in conversation with one another, while others take in their surroundings or speak to people sitting behind the circulation desk to the left of the photo. To the right of the photo is the beginning of a staircase that leads to the second floor of the library. Visible from the balcony, the second floor is filled with bookshelves. In the background, on the lower level, stands a small stage and podium framed by small pots of yellow flowers and an American flag as well as a glass-front room whose windows are letting in bright daylight. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #420","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. The photo is of the main floor of the Barrett Branch and there are men and women milling around in the space, some in conversation with one another and others taking in their surroundings. On the right side of the picture, some of the people stand in front of the circulation desk, decorated with pots of yellow and orange flowers. On the left side of the picture are some glass display cases displaying open books. In the background are the floor to ceiling windows of the entrance vestibule that are providing bright, natural light to the room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #421","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Pictured is a large audience of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch. Some of the people are sitting in the middle of the room while the rest of the crowd have begun filling in the available standing room, even standing in the sunlight filled entrance vestibule, at the back of the crowd, to catch a glimpse through the floor to ceiling windows. Regardless of placement, almost all the audience members have their attentions set on the events happening behind the camera, just out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #422","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women, of differing ages, standing around a table of computers. At the round table, there are two people with their backs to the camera sharing the same computer, to their right is one woman at the next computer, and the next computer has a group of four sharing the same computer. In the foreground is a shelf that has been decorated with a pot of flowers, that have taken up the left side of the picture. In the background, behind the group of people at the computers is glass-front room and a few people within. Inside the room are bookshelves on the left wall and tables and chairs filling the middle. The windows on the back wall have had their blinds drawn to shade the interior from the bright daylight shining through. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #423","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of some people, both men and women, looking at the available materials on the bookshelves around them on the second floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some of the men and women are browsing the shelves while others have begun reading their chosen materials. In the foreground are shorter bookshelves, with one man crouching to get a better look at the offerings on the bottom shelf. In the background are taller bookshelves, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. Behind the taller bookshelves are some tables and chairs that have been backlit by the daylight coming through the windows on the back wall. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #424","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience facing a group of people who seem like library officials seated at the front of the room. The seated audience is facing away from the camera and the group of men and women at the front of the room are applauding in welcome to the man who is standing at the front of the room. He has brown hair and mustache, is wearing glasses and a grey suit with dark tie. Off to the right of the photo is a staircase that leads to the second floor whose balcony sits above the group of clapping men and women. Behind them stands bookshelves, completely filled, that almost reach from floor to ceiling. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #425","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking to an audience from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a red blazer and white shirt, is looking through her glasses out over the audience. Behind her is both short and tall bookshelves, as well as a wall of glass, and to the left stands an American flag. The woman at the podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch where three musicians sit with music stands in front of them and bookshelves at their back. In the foreground, somewhat blocking the view of the seated audience, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of paper. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #426","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a seated audience, extending out of frame, who have their attention on a man speaking from an elevated podium. The man at podium, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and red tie, is looking down at the podium through his glasses. Behind the podium are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The man at the podium stands beneath the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Visible through the balcony's railing are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #427","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking from behind a podium. The man is standing, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white shirt and dark patterned tie, looking down at the podium through his dark tinted glasses. Behind him are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The podium stands below the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library where three chairs and two music stands are set up. The right most chair is occupied by a person in white shirt and dark pants. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #428","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium. The woman, dressed in a blue dress and matching blue jacket, looks out to an audience just out of frame and she is observed by a small panel of professionally dressed men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right side of the picture. The picture is being taken from behind the circulation desk, complete with computer, receipt printer, and landline phone. A pot of yellow, orange and red flowers sits atop the desk, partially blocking an American flag from view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #429","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium in front of an audience of people that extends out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink blazer over a dark patterned dress with a string of pearls around her neck, is looking down at the podium while the audience listens. Behind her are rows of book shelves, both short and tall with some decorated with flowers, as well as a glass-front room. The speaker and podium stand beneath an the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library, where three chairs, music stands, and musicians are seated and viewable through the balcony's railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #430","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a man speaking to an audience, extending out of frame, from an elevated podium. The man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with white shirt and dark patterned tie, is looking down at the podium while holding up a closed book in his right hand and paper in his left hand. Behind him are rows of short and tall bookshelves, some decorated with flowers, in front of a glass-front room. Above the podium sits the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch Library. Through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, on the left side of the picture, is the circulation desk topped with stacks of papers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #431","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to audience, which extends out of frame. The woman is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress, and looks out over the audience at something not visible as the audience turns to follow her gaze. To her left and right are men in dark-colored suits and ties that also follow her line-of-sight. Behind her are bookshelves, both tall and short, and a glass-front room. Above the podium is the second-floor balcony and through the railing, three chairs, music stands, and musicians can be seen in front of filled bookshelves. In the foreground, blocking some of the audience from view, is the circulation desk with a computer and piles of paper. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #432","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. This slightly out of focus, color candid photograph is of a woman speaking from an elevated podium to an audience that is seated just out of frame. The woman, dressed in a pink jacket over a dark, patterned dress, is bordered by a group of seated men and women, presumed to be other library officials, on the right and an American flag on the left. Above the woman at the podium is the second-floor balcony and behind her are tall bookshelves and a glass front room. The photo is being taken from behind the circulation desk which has a computer and a pot of yellow, red and orange flowers. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #433","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women in conversation with each other amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of four men and two women, presumed to be library officials, who trade smiles and handshakes in front of a clapping audience. Some of the members of the group are still holding scissors and the pieces of red ribbon that were cut as part of the ceremony. Behind them are bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #434","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photograph of a group of men and women amidst the ribbon cutting ceremony. The group consists of three men and two women, some still holding scissors and pieces of the red ribbon cut during the ceremony. The smiling woman in the middle has offered a handshake to the man to the left of her as the audience applauds them. Behind the ribbon cutters are tall and short bookshelves that extend backwards into the space. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #435","Color photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Candid photo of a group of three men and one woman, presumed to be library officials, are trading smiles and the woman offers a handshake to the man on the far left. The woman has grey hair and wears a matching blue jacket and dress. The men are dressed professionally in suits and ties. They stand in front of a small stage and podium, lined with small pots of yellow flowers and decorated by an American flag. Behind them are bookshelves, both tall and short, that extend backwards toward a glass-front room. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #436","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. This candid photograph depicts several people standing behind the main circulation desk on the first floor of the Barrett Branch. In the foreground of the photo is a woman wearing a magenta dress and holding two books. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #408","Color portrait of an outdoor sign from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library after renovations were completed in 1995. On a bright, sunny day at the corner of a red-brick building sits a white sign that reads \"The 200 Block of North Columbus St. Welcomes the New Library\" and just below that it reads \"Thank You\". Propped up on a wooden easel, the sign is decorated by a single gold, metallic balloon that is moving with the wind. Behind the sign to the right are row houses and a parked car. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #441","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library officials sit next to a stage and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. The woman has white hair and is dressed in a matching blue jacket and dress turns her head to welcome another woman who making her way to an empty chair among the group of officials. The woman being welcomed has tied back, brown hair and glasses and is wearing a colorful dress and black, t-strap shoes. Some of the men and women in the group of officials clap while others offer warm smiles to the approaching woman. Behind them is a small circulation desk and filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #442","Color portrait photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, a group of presumed library staff stand behind the circulation desk and smile at the camera. Four women are directly behind the desk and five more seem to be coming out of the room just behind the desk. Some of the other women have realized their picture is being taken and look at the camera, while others have not and continue their conversations with one another. One man stands in front of the desk and has turned to face the camera while a final woman seems to being walking past him. Folding chairs are set up and extend out of frame and because each still has a paper program on it, it is likely the event has not yet started. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #443","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two group of presumed library officials both sit and stand next to a small stage. Though not all the chairs are filled, the seated group includes three women and four men, all dressed professionally, who seem to be waiting for the event to start. The standing group, consisting of three men and two women, are all in conversation with one another. The woman in the middle with white hair, blue dress and light-colored purse is speaking and the remainder of the standing group leans in to listen. Behind them is the stage, decorated with an American flag, and both tall and short bookshelves that extend out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #444","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera aims at the circulation desk and the people that stand around it. Presumed to be library staff, four women stand together and all but one is smiling up at the camera. Other people, presumed to be library staff and officials, stand around the desk. Some are in conversation and others are looking in different directions around the room. In front of the circulation desk, extending out of frame, are rows of folding chairs each with a paper program on the seats. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #445","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Set up on the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch, are three female musicians in the midst of performing. All three are wearing white dress shirts and black bottoms and each sit in her own wooden chair across from sheet music on a music stand and plays from a flute. Behind them are a man and a woman in conversation leaning over the balcony railing to get a better view of what is going on the floor below. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #446","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, pictured is a man in a dark suit and tie speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage, which he shares with an American flag. Bordering the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers. To the left and right of the stage sit two groups of men and women, presumably library officials who have their attention on the man speaking. Behind them are rows of both tall and short bookshelves that extend back into the room and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #447","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Men and women of varying ages stand milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch library seeming after the conclusion of the ceremony. In the foreground, one man sits at a table with his hands on a computer keyboard and converses with the two women who are speaking to him. The woman on the left has short brown hair and wears a blue jacket and the woman on the right has short greying hair and wears a white shirt, denim bottoms, and carries a small purse. In the background is a larger group pf men and women, gathered around a table of computers. Behind are bookshelves that extend to the other side of the room where more people sit at tables in conversation. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #448","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Outside the front entrance of the Barrett Branch Library, in the shade of a tree, is a group of men and women who seem to be waiting for the library to open and for the ceremony to begin. On the front doors, illuminated by the sun, two signs read \"Re-opening\" and \"Sept. 10, 2PM\". Some of the group are sitting on the red brick retaining wall outside of the library while other stand in conversation closer to the entrance. The building is red brick, with white columns and white doors. A large, half-moon shaped windows sits atop the doors allowing natural light to fill the entrance vestibule within. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #449","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The photo is aimed at the circulation desk where some people have begun to converse with the library staff behind the desk. In front of the desk, the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library has been filled with folding chairs where a few people have begun to sit. There are folded programs on each of the folding chairs, suggesting that the ceremony has not yet begun. On the right side of the picture are bookshelves that fill the space at the back of the main floor as well as the second floor, which is visible through the balcony railing. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #450","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the picture is focused on the group of men and women standing against the wall behind the circulation desk. There are nine women and two men visible, dressed professionally, and most of them seem to have their attention on something happening just out of frame on the right. In front of the desk on the left is the beginnings of a seated audience and starting from the circulation desk extending out of frame across the front of the audience stretches the red ribbon that has yet to be cut. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #451","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. A group of two men, one woman, and one young man are standing in conversation with each other next to a round table that currently holds computers, of which only the keyboards and mice are visible. The young man has dark hair and wears a blue collared shirt and the woman he is next to has short brown hair and wears a blue patterned dress and carries a white purse. The two men are both dressed in dark suits with light dress shirts. The man with glasses wears a dark tie. Behind them are some table and chairs separating the group from the tall book shelves that extend out passed both sides of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #452","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, two men are pictured in conversation with each other while standing behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The men both wear suits with light-colored shirts, and the viewer is clearly able to see that the man on the left is wearing glasses and a tie. The man on the right has his back to the camera because his attention is on the other man who seems to be explaining something while pointing to something just out of sight on the left. In front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and beside the stage are rows of wooden chairs that have yet to be filled. Each chair has a folded program that seems to suggest the ceremony has yet to begin. Behind the men and the stage are bookshelves, both tall and short, that are filled with material. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #453","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Pointed toward the interior entrance of the Barrett Branch, taken from the opposite end of the main floor, men and women are milling about the space presumably after the conclusion of the ribbon cutting. In the foreground are men and women using the available computers and in front of them is a large gathering of people milling around the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. Some seem to be in conversation with one another, while other seem to simply be moving around the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #454","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at where the ceremony will be held. A large seated audience of men and women is forming behind a red ribbon that has been stretched from the circulation desk to the staircase's railing on the opposite side of the room. The men and women standing behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff and the few men and women that stand on the other side of the red ribbon from the audience are the library officials that will be speaking during the ceremony. The library officials seem to be looking at someone just out of frame and two of them are waving to try and get their attention. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #455","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch where folding chairs have been set up in the middle of the room for an audience that has begun filing in. Men and women of varying ages and dress are coming in through the bright, naturally lit entrance vestibule, stopping at the circulation desk, before finding an empty seat. The men and women behind the circulation desk are, presumably, library staff who are either in conversation with one another or watching the people who are filing into the library. Just in front of the audience, stretching from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase at the opposite of the room, is a red ribbon that is being handled by a woman in a dark top and patterned skirt. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #456","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points at a small group of men and women who are seated in wooden chairs to the left of a small stage with a podium. Seated in two rows, the group consists of four women and three men, and are presumed to be library officials. They are all in professional dress, either in suits and ties or dresses and blazers, and the front row seems to be conversation with each other. Just behind them, extending backward into the space, are filled bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #457","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man speaking from a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, wearing glasses and dressed in a grey-colored suit with a white shirt and dark-colored tie, holds a book in one hand and paper in the other as he looks out at the audience in front of him. The men and women seated next to the stage, who are presumed to be library officials, have their attention on the speaker. The stage is bordered in the front by small pots of yellow flowers and framed in the back by bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #458","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. The men and women, presumed to be library officials, stand with their hands over their hearts as they face the American flag that sits on the stage. All professionally dressed, only one man and one woman stand on the stage while the others stand to either side as they seem to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Behind the stage are rows of bookshelves that extend backwards and out of frame. Above the stage is the second-floor balcony of the Barrett Branch. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #459","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the men and women that surround it. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her just out of view. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #460","This folder contains photographs of the 1995 ribbon cutting ceremony celebrating the re-opening of the Kate Waller Barrett Branch after renovations.","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. Although the picture is out of focusing, appearing blurry, a woman with red hair and glasses, wearing a red blazer and skirt, can be seen speaking from the podium. With their attention on the speaker at the podium, the men and women that sit next to the stage are presumed to be library officials. The stage, framed at the front by small pots of yellow flowers, backs up to rows of short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #461","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small elevated stage and podium and the people that surround it. On the stage, standing at the podium, is a man with glasses wearing a dark-colored suit and tie with a red pocket square. He looks down at the paper on the podium as he speaks to the audience in front of him, sitting just out of view. The men and women sitting next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, are dressed professionally as some turn their attention toward the speaker. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and rows of short bookshelves sit at the back of the stage. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #462","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the left side of the picture, many men and women sit in folding chairs as they listen to the man speaking from the small elevated stage and podium in front of them. Stretching from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase is a red ribbon that separates the audience from the men and women on and around the stage. There are also men and women that stand behind the circulation desk, presumed to be library staff, that have their attention on the man at the podium, who is dressed in a dark-colored suit with a light-colored shirt. On either side of the stage, separated from the general audience, sit other men and women who are presumed to be library officials. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #463","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where the audience sits as the ribbon ceremony goes on. On the right side of the picture sits a large audience of men and women that extends backwards out if frame. They are separated from the small stage and podium by a red ribbon that stretches from the circulation desk, across the room, to the railing of the staircase that leads to the second floor. Behind the circulation desk stands a few men and women, who are presumed to be library staff, who have their attention on the man that speaks from the podium. The speaker, dressed in a dark-colored suit and tie, looks down at the paper on the podium as he addresses the audience in front of him. The people sitting to left and right of the stage, who are separate from the general audience, are presumed to be library officials who are part of the ceremony proceedings. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #464","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing in behind a podium on a small elevated stage. The man, dressed in a grey-colored suit and glasses, seems to have his head tilted down in pause to accept the applause he is receiving from the people around him. Next to the stage sits a group of men and women who are presumed to be library officials. One man and one woman can be seen clapping for the man on the stage. The front of the stage is framed by small pots of yellow flowers and the back of the stage is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward out of view. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #465","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a woman standing behind a podium on a small elevate stage. The woman has grey hair, dressed in a matching blue dress and blazer, and looks out at the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. There is a group of men and women seated in three rows next to the stage, presumed to be library officials, who look and listen to the woman speaking from the podium. Behind the stage and the group of library officials are some tall and short bookshelves that extend backward into the space and out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #466","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library where men and women are milling around presumably after the ribbon has been cut officially opening the library. The men and women, of all ages and in varying dress, are either in conversation with one another or are on the move to a different part of the space. Some are making their way up the stairs and past whomever is taking the picture while others are moving towards the rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. Barely visible amongst the people is a small stage and podium where library officials had spoken during the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #467","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and the men and women that surround it. On the stage, standing behind a podium, is grey-haired woman in a matching blue dress and blazer who speaks to the audience seated in front of her, just out of view. On either side of the stage where the woman in blue is speaking from, sits two groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have attention on the woman in blue. The front of the stage is framed with small pots of yellow flowers and the back is bordered by short bookshelves that extend backward into the space. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #468","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch where people have begun to move about the space, presumably, at the conclusion of the ribbon cutting ceremony. Some of the men and women are in conversation with each other while others have begun exploring the space and materials available. Visible among the crowd is the circulation desk, with a few staff members working from behind it. Across the room, also visible among the crowd, is the small stage and podium that library officials spoke from during the ceremony. Above the crowd, on the right side of the picture, is the second-floor balcony which has been populated by more exploring people. The photo is dated from 1995. Photo previously labeled #469","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after renovations were completed in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium. Standing behind the podium is a man with glasses, wearing a dark-colored suit and tie, who is looking down at the papers on the podium in front of him. To one side of the stage is small group of men and women who are seated in three rows, all in professional dress. This small group of people are presumed to be library officials, as is the man in a grey-colored suit that is seated behind the stage. Behind the stage are short bookshelves that extend backward out of frame and the front of the stage is line with small pots of yellow flowers. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #470","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a brown-haired woman, wearing a floral-patterned dress and pink blazer, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of her. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the woman at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #471","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barret Branch wear a stage sits before a large seated audience. Separating the audience from the stage is a long red ribbon stretching from the circulation desk across the room to the staircase's railing. Behind the circulation desk, standing with their backs to the wall, are men and women who seem to be part of the library staff. On the stage stands a man with glasses, wearing a grey-colored suit, speaking from a podium to the audience that sits in front of him. On either side of the stage sits other men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man at the podium. Framing the front of the stage are small pots of yellow flowers and behind the stage, extending backwards out of frame, are bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #472","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small stage and podium as well as the people that surround it. Speaking from the podium stands a man with glasses, in a grey-colored suit and tie, who looks down at the paper in front of him. On either side of the stage sits two small groups of men and women, presumed to be library officials, who have their attention on the man on stage. All are professionally dressed and some hold programs probably pertaining to the ceremony. The front of the stage is lined with small pots of yellow flows and behind the stage are rows of short and tall books shelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #473","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at two groups of men and women on the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library. The group closest to the camera consists of six men and two women who are professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Each woman shakes the hand of one of the men in the group. Behind them is a small stage and podium, that is lined with small pots of yellow flowers along the front. In the other side of the stage is another small group of men and women, also thought to be library officials. One woman seated at the front of the group, with white hair and patterned dress, is leaning forward to greet a woman with brown hair, black jacket, and skirt standing in front of her. Behind the two groups and the stage are bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #474","Color candid photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a small group of men and women who are standing, in conversation with each other. The group, consisting of two women and five men, are all professionally dressed and seem to be library officials. Facing away from the camera, one woman with a pink jacket is shaking hands with a man in a dark colored suit and patterned tie. Behind this group is a small, unoccupied stage and podium and on the other side of the stage is another group of seated, presumed, library officials. Behind the stage are bookshelves that extend backwards out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #475","Color photograph from the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. In the foreground of the picture, two unidentified women smile at the camera. The woman on the left has short blond hair, glasses, and wears a patterned collared dress. The woman in the left has dark brown hair and wears a dark blue top with a high neck. Behind them are more men and women who are milling about on the main floor of the Barrett Branch, presumably after the conclusion of the ceremony. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #476","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. The camera is pointed at the line of men and women standing at the circulation desk at the Barrett Branch Library. Presumably, these are members of the public who attended the ribbon cutting and are now exploring the new space after the conclusion of the ceremony. On the upper right-side of the picture, visible through the railing, is the second-floor balcony where people a standing amongst the bookshelves. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #477","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man standing on a small stage, behind a podium. Though the camera is unfocused and the photo appears slightly blurry it can be determined that the man, dressed in a dark-colored suit with a white pocket square, looks down at the papers on the podium as the small group of men and women seated on the other side of the stage have their attention on him. The small group of men and women, who are dressed professionally, are presumed to be library officials that are part of the ribbon cutting ceremony. One other presumed official is seated behind the stage and is reading a piece of paper. Also, behind the stage and the small group of library officials, are rows of bookshelves that extend backward out of frame. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #478","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a line of people who stand facing a seated audience of men and women. The line of people is professionally dressed men and women, presumably library officials, who each hold onto a red ribbon that stretches across the room from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase. The seated audience and the men and women standing behind the circulation desk smile at the line of officials as they cut the ribbon. One woman, with grey hair and blue dress, holds up her scissors and her portion of the red ribbon in celebration. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #479","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at a man in a grey-colored suit who stands on a small stage. Looking down at the orange-handled scissors in hand, he faces a small group of men and women, presumed to be library officials, as they walk towards the left side of the photo. The man on the stage is handing out pairs of scissors to members of the ribbon cutting ceremony as they make their way towards the ribbon that is just out of view. Behind the man and the stage, is another small group of men and women seated in front of bookshelves who watch as the other officials make their way to the ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #480","Color candid photograph of the ribbon cutting ceremony at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library to celebrate the reopening of the branch after the completion of renovations in 1995. Taken from a higher vantage point, the camera points down at the main floor of the Barrett Branch Library and the men and women who are filing in before the start of the ceremony. There are folding chairs set up in the middle of the room that a being filled by people coming from the entrance vestibule at the back of the space. Behind the circulation desk stands many men and women, presumed to be library staff, who watch as members of the public take their seats. In front of the audience stretching across the room, from the circulation desk to the railing of the staircase, is a long red ribbon. The photo is dated 1995. Photo previously labeled #481","This folder contains black and white photographs pertaining to the Robert H. Robinson Library, dated from 1946 to 1950. The photos capture the Robert H. Robinson Library building, staff, and various events.","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr sitting at her desk in the Robert Robinson Branch of Alexandria Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored blazer and a dark-colored top underneath. She looks directly at the camera from a chair behind her wooden desk, which is topped with file folders, a box of catalog cards, a folded newspaper, and other items. Behind her is a cart filled books and behind her further are filled bookshelves, some are topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #494","Black and white photograph of Sara Murphy Carr posing for a picture in the doorway of the Robert Robinson Library. Carr has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-color jacket, dark-colored top, light-colored knee length skirt, with dark-colored shoes. She stands facing the camera and seems to have her hand on the knob of the front door that is slightly ajar behind her. A stoop and front step lead up to the front of the brick building and above the white trimmed door is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. The photo is dated c.1948. Photo previously labeled as #495","Black and white candid photograph taken outside the Robert Robinson Library as Miss Bracie enters the building. Facing the front of the library, the photo captures a woman, identified as Miss Bracie, stepping up to the front door of the building. With her back to the camera, Miss Bracie wears a light-colored jacket and skirt, a much lighter-colored hat with black sash, and carries a dark-colored hand bag. The building, made of brick with a dark-colored metal roof, has one brick chimney on the left side and four narrow windows that are evenly separated by the white trimmed front door. Above the front door, just under an outdoor light, is a sign that reads \"Robert Robinson Library\" in dark letters. A cement walkway leads up to the door and is bordered on either side by shrubbery and grass. The photo is dated c.1950. Photo previously labeled as #496","Black and white photograph of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Robinson Librarian Minnie N. Fuller, sits and reads to twelve children who either sit in chairs or kneel on the carpeted floor in front of her. Fuller has short, dark hair and is wearing a light-colored dress with light-colored shoes. Her head is tilted down and away from the camera as she reads the book and the children, both boys and girls, are turned to face her. Behind the children are three windows that have their blinds open. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #497","Black and white photograph of a group of men and women, presumably attending an event, at the Robert H. Robinson Library. Posed in two rows, nine women and three men are pictured together with some looking directly at the camera and others facing in different directions. All are dressed up, with the women in dresses and dress hats and the men in suits. One clergyman stands in the second row and is dressed in a clerical collar. One woman is identified as Alexandria Library Director Ellen Coolidge Burke (first row, second from the left) and she is dressed in a dark jacket, light-colored shirt, light-colored skirt, and dark-colored hat. Behind the group is a wall with a bookshelf and closed door. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled #498","Black and white candid photograph taken of Story Hour at Robert Robinson Library. Twenty-three children, listen as Robinson Librarian Sara Murphy Carr reads a picture book. Carr is wearing a light-colored outfit and dark-colored shoes. Her hair has been tied back away from her face and she looks down at the open book through her glasses. Many of the children have realized they are being photographed and have turned to face the camera, but a few have their gazes turned elsewhere. The space where the group sits is lined on three sides by filled bookshelves, some topped with more books or other décor. The photo is dated April 1946. Photo previously labeled as #499","Black and white photo of the 10th Anniversary of the Robert H. +Robinson Library. Seated in five rows, a group of men and women, some young and some old, pose for a picture inside the Robert Robinson Library. Not everyone looks directly at the camera, but all are dressed professionally. Some women can be seen wearing hats and dress gloves while the men can be seen in suit and tie. One clergyman sits in the back dressed in his clerical collar. Behind the group, the walls are lined with bookshelves that have been decorated with original art work of varying sizes. The photo is dated 1950. Photo previously labeled as #500","This sub-series contains records documenting the branches and divisions of the Alexandria Library system including the construction of the branches and information regarding their operations. The branches represented here include the Kate Waller Barrett Branch Library, the James M. Duncan Branch Library, the Ellen Coolidge Burke Branch Library, the Robert H. Robinson Library, the \"New Branch\" (later known as the Charles E. Beatley, Jr. Central Library), the Special Services Division, and the Lloyd House (later known as Local History and Special Collections).","This folder contains miscellaneous records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of contracts, proof of insurance, and other notes and correspondence related to the proposed addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains records pertaining to the construction specifications for the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include the Specifications report, prepared by the Alexandria Library Board, detailing the proposed requirements for the construction of the addition to the Barrett branch.","This folder contains financial records pertaining to the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of vendor invoices, reports of money spent, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to the process of selecting bids for which construction agency would carry out the construction of the building addition to the Kate Waller Barrett branch of Alexandria Library in 1954. Documents include copies of proposals, meeting minutes, press material, and other related notes and correspondence.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from December 1947 to December 1951. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, yearly fiscal report, discard lists, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1952 to December 1955. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This folder contains records pertaining to monthly reports regarding the Robert Robinson branch of Alexandria Library, dating from January 1956 to May 1959. Documents include monthly reports on branch statistics, and other related notes.","This series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series is currently being processed and is not yet available for research use. Please contact Local History / Special Collections staff for more details.","This sub-series contains web-published resources that were created by, or are directly related to, the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia. This includes the Library website, Library social media accounts, Library blog, and the websites of Library friends' groups.","Website of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Facebook account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Instagram account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Twitter account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Youtube account of the Alexandria Library in Alexandria, Virginia","Alexandria Library's blog which focuses on adult programs, events, and services including news and updates about the Library's collection, services, resources, and programs for adults","Online donation portal for the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. The Alexandria Library Foundation is a non-profit organization which provides funding for the Alexandria Library System in Alexandria, Virginia","Website of the Friends of the Beatley Central Library in Alexandria, Virginia. The Friends are a volunteer organizations which works to promote the interests and programs of the Library","Website of the Friends of Duncan Library. The Friends are a volunteer organization that supports the operations of the Duncan Branch Library, located in the Del Ray neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia","Intranet website for Alexandria Library staff"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416).\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Materials relating to the Alexandria Library Board have been moved from MS098 to the Alexandria Library Board Records (MS416)."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"persname_ssim":["Burke, Ellen Coolidge","Duncan, James M., Jr. (James Morton), 1897-1967","Barrett, Kate Waller, Dr., 1858-1925","Beatley, Charles E., Jr., 1916-2003","Robinson, Robert Henry, Rev. (1824-1909)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":523,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:59:46.615Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_157_c01_c03"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":53},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arlington Public Library","value":"Arlington Public Library","hits":750},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Arlington+Public+Library\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County Historical 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Williamsburg","hits":75},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Colonial+Williamsburg\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","value":"Edgar Cayce Foundation","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Edgar+Cayce+Foundation\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center","value":"Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Fairfax+Circuit+Court+Historic+Records+Center\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fairfax County Public Library","value":"Fairfax County Public 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Center,\" selected exhibit panels","value":"\"Glass Ceilings: Highlights from the International Archive of Women in Architecture Center,\" selected exhibit panels","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Glass+Ceilings%3A++Highlights+from+the+International+Archive+of+Women+in+Architecture+Center%2C%22+selected+exhibit+panels\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1867-1899","value":"1867-1899","hits":36},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=1867-1899\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Collection of the Professional and Personal Papers of Paul Neff Garber: The Garber Collection\n1899-1972","value":"A Collection of the Professional and Personal Papers of Paul Neff Garber: The Garber Collection\n1899-1972","hits":55},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Collection+of+the+Professional+and+Personal+Papers+of+Paul+Neff+Garber%3A+The+Garber+Collection%0A1899-1972\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter Roberts","value":"A Guide To the Papers of Harry Walter Roberts","hits":44},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+To+the+Papers+of+Harry+Walter+Roberts\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to Burton-Neighbors Addendums","value":"A Guide to Burton-Neighbors Addendums","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+Burton-Neighbors+Addendums\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Congressman Richard Poff Collection","value":"A Guide to the Congressman Richard Poff Collection","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Congressman+Richard+Poff+Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Contents of the Huff Lane Elementary School Time Capsule","value":"A Guide to the Contents of the Huff Lane Elementary School Time Capsule","hits":19},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+Guide+to+the+Contents+of+the+Huff+Lane+Elementary+School+Time+Capsule\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A Guide to the Delta Omega Chapter of\n Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc., \n 1921,\n 1988","value":"A Guide to the Delta Omega Chapter of\n Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc., \n 1921,\n 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