{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Law+School\u0026page=48","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Law+School\u0026page=47","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Law+School\u0026page=49","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Law+School\u0026page=49"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":48,"next_page":49,"prev_page":47,"total_pages":49,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":470,"total_count":482,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18_c03","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Threat Investigations \n \n 1974-1988","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18_c03"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18","parent_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","FBI File \n \n 1964-1988"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00008","vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18"],"title_filing_ssi":"Threat Investigations \n                  \n                  1974-1988","title_ssm":["Threat Investigations \n \n 1974-1988"],"title_tesim":["Threat Investigations \n \n 1974-1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Threat Investigations \n \n 1974-1988"],"text":["Threat Investigations \n \n 1974-1988","Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","FBI File \n \n 1964-1988","box 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","FBI File \n \n 1964-1988"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","FBI File \n \n 1964-1988"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":28,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"containers_ssim":["box 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#17/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00008.xml","title_ssm":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"title_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"text":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","002","c. 21 cubic\n         feet","There are no restrictions.","These materials relating to Lewis F. Powell's life come\n            from a variety of miscellaneous sources and are collected\n            by the Powell Archives. This collection should not be\n            confused with the Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers, Ms 001. The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained.","This open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["002"],"unitid_tesim":["002"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["c. 21 cubic\n         feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"note_html_tesm":["\u003cnote audience=\"external\"\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThese materials relating to Lewis F. Powell's life come\n            from a variety of miscellaneous sources and are collected\n            by the Powell Archives. This collection should not be\n            confused with the Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers, Ms 001. The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/note\u003e\n    "],"note_tesim":["These materials relating to Lewis F. Powell's life come\n            from a variety of miscellaneous sources and are collected\n            by the Powell Archives. This collection should not be\n            confused with the Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers, Ms 001. The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis F. Powell Jr. Collection, 1937-1999, Ms 002, Lewis\n            F. Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection, 1937-1999, Ms 002, Lewis\n            F. Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c18_c03"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Uninventoried papers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01_c01"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01","parent_ssim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980","Winfield Dunn for Governor of Tennessee\n Campaign \n \n 1969-1971"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00005","vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Uninventoried papers","title_ssm":["Uninventoried papers"],"title_tesim":["Uninventoried papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Uninventoried papers"],"text":["Uninventoried papers","Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980","Winfield Dunn for Governor of Tennessee\n Campaign \n \n 1969-1971","Carton 1-4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980","Winfield Dunn for Governor of Tennessee\n Campaign \n \n 1969-1971"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980","Winfield Dunn for Governor of Tennessee\n Campaign \n \n 1969-1971"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980"],"containers_ssim":["Carton 1-4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are not restrictions on access."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00005","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00005.xml","title_ssm":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980"],"title_tesim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980"],"text":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980","007","46 cu.\n         ft.","There are not restrictions on access.","Stephen A. Sharp was born in Columbus, Ohio and raised in\n         Wooster, Ohio. He received his B.A. degree from Washington and\n         Lee University in 1969, and his J.D. degree from the\n         University of Virginia in 1973.","Sharp took a leave of absence from law school to serve as\n         communications director of the 1970 Tennessee gubernatorial\n         campaign of Winfield Dunn. He went on to serve temporarily as\n         news secretary and special assistant to the Governor-elect\n         before returning to law school.","He joined the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in\n         1972 in the Office of the General Counsel, and ultimately\n         served in every division of that office. He resigned from the\n         Commission in January 1974 to serve as counsel to the\n         Impeachment Inquiry of the Committee on the Judiciary of the\n         U.S. House of Representatives.","Sharp returned to the Commission at the end of the inquiry,\n         and in January 1975 moved to the Litigation Division,\n         representing the FCC in appellate litigation in the U.S.\n         Circuit Courts of Appeals and the Supreme Court. At that time\n         he also served as the chief advisor to the General Counsel\n         concerning political broadcasting and the fairness doctrine.\n         In September 1976, he moved to the office of FCC Commissioner\n         Margita E. White as legal assistant.","He resigned from the Commission in December 1978 to become\n         associated with the law firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal\n         \u0026 Lewis in its Washington office. In 1981, Sharp returned\n         to the FCC as General Counsel. In 1982, President Ronald\n         Reagan nominated Sharp to be an FCC Commissioner, a position\n         he held until 1983. In August 1983, he joined the law firm of\n         Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom in order to establish a\n         telecommunications group within the firm. He was later of\n         counsel to the law firm of Patton, Boggs \u0026 Blow while\n         serving as President of Spectrum Consumer Products Company of\n         Alexandria, Virginia.","These papers document three specific aspects of the career\n         of Stephen A. Sharp: 1) His work as communications director\n         for the 1970 campaign to re-elect Winfield Dunn as governor of\n         Tennessee; 2) His service as Associate Minority Counsel to the\n         House Judiciary Committee 1974 Presidential Impeachment\n         Inquiry; and 3) His work as the chief advisor to the Federal\n         Communications Commission General Counsel concerning political\n         broadcasting and the fairness doctrine, 1976-1980.","Winfield Dunn campaign papers, 4.5 cu.ft., include: public\n         opinion polling research; releases; notes; daily campaign\n         schedules; and press clippings. Also included are 7 audio\n         cassette recordings of interviews with: Winfield Dunn, John J.\n         Hooker, Jr., Bill Jenkins, Jack McNeil, Claude Robertson, and\n         Stanley T.Snodgrass.","The U.S. House Judiciary Committee Impeachment Inquiry,\n         36.5 cu.ft., papers deal mainly with investigations of Richard\n         M. Nixon Presidential campaign financing, and the role of\n         Herbert Kalmbach in these activities. Materials include:\n         committee research materials arranged in numbered ring\n         binders; minority counsel internal memoranda; and printed\n         Congressional reports and documents. Some processing has been\n         done in this subgroup. A detailed listing of folder and\n         publication titles is included in the container list. The\n         materials are listed and housed in the order in which they\n         were received. Certain overarching delineations appear\n         including: Kalmbach and Campaign Financing, Materials re\n         Kalmbach, Campaign Financing Materials and Sharp\n         Notebooks.","The Federal Communications Commission papers, 5 cu. ft.,\n         deal almost exclusively with the application of the Fairness\n         Doctrine by television networks during the 1976 elections.\n         Materials include: Legislative histories and other research\n         materials about the fairness doctrine; complaints and\n         pleadings of candidates and organizations; and Sharp memos,\n         notes and research materials from his work in response to\n         these complaints.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980"],"collection_ssim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers \n \n 1969-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["007"],"unitid_tesim":["007"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"creator_ssm":["Dunn Campaign and Impeachment\n         portions of these papers were placed on permanent loan at\n         Washington and Lee University Library Special Collections by\n         Stephen A. Sharp in December 1974. There is no record of when\n         the FCC papers arrived there. Because the impeachment inquiry\n         papers in the Sharp papers complement those in the M. Caldwell\n         Butler papers, the Sharp collection was transferred to the\n         Powell Archives in the Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law in March 1993. This was done with the permission of the\n         brother of the lender, Matthew T. Sharp, who held the\n         power-of-attorney for Stephen Sharp."],"creator_ssim":["Dunn Campaign and Impeachment\n         portions of these papers were placed on permanent loan at\n         Washington and Lee University Library Special Collections by\n         Stephen A. Sharp in December 1974. There is no record of when\n         the FCC papers arrived there. Because the impeachment inquiry\n         papers in the Sharp papers complement those in the M. Caldwell\n         Butler papers, the Sharp collection was transferred to the\n         Powell Archives in the Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law in March 1993. This was done with the permission of the\n         brother of the lender, Matthew T. Sharp, who held the\n         power-of-attorney for Stephen Sharp."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["46 cu.\n         ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are not restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are not restrictions on access."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStephen A. Sharp was born in Columbus, Ohio and raised in\n         Wooster, Ohio. He received his B.A. degree from Washington and\n         Lee University in 1969, and his J.D. degree from the\n         University of Virginia in 1973.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSharp took a leave of absence from law school to serve as\n         communications director of the 1970 Tennessee gubernatorial\n         campaign of Winfield Dunn. He went on to serve temporarily as\n         news secretary and special assistant to the Governor-elect\n         before returning to law school.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe joined the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in\n         1972 in the Office of the General Counsel, and ultimately\n         served in every division of that office. He resigned from the\n         Commission in January 1974 to serve as counsel to the\n         Impeachment Inquiry of the Committee on the Judiciary of the\n         U.S. House of Representatives.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSharp returned to the Commission at the end of the inquiry,\n         and in January 1975 moved to the Litigation Division,\n         representing the FCC in appellate litigation in the U.S.\n         Circuit Courts of Appeals and the Supreme Court. At that time\n         he also served as the chief advisor to the General Counsel\n         concerning political broadcasting and the fairness doctrine.\n         In September 1976, he moved to the office of FCC Commissioner\n         Margita E. White as legal assistant.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe resigned from the Commission in December 1978 to become\n         associated with the law firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal\n         \u0026amp; Lewis in its Washington office. In 1981, Sharp returned\n         to the FCC as General Counsel. In 1982, President Ronald\n         Reagan nominated Sharp to be an FCC Commissioner, a position\n         he held until 1983. In August 1983, he joined the law firm of\n         Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom in order to establish a\n         telecommunications group within the firm. He was later of\n         counsel to the law firm of Patton, Boggs \u0026amp; Blow while\n         serving as President of Spectrum Consumer Products Company of\n         Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Stephen A. Sharp was born in Columbus, Ohio and raised in\n         Wooster, Ohio. He received his B.A. degree from Washington and\n         Lee University in 1969, and his J.D. degree from the\n         University of Virginia in 1973.","Sharp took a leave of absence from law school to serve as\n         communications director of the 1970 Tennessee gubernatorial\n         campaign of Winfield Dunn. He went on to serve temporarily as\n         news secretary and special assistant to the Governor-elect\n         before returning to law school.","He joined the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in\n         1972 in the Office of the General Counsel, and ultimately\n         served in every division of that office. He resigned from the\n         Commission in January 1974 to serve as counsel to the\n         Impeachment Inquiry of the Committee on the Judiciary of the\n         U.S. House of Representatives.","Sharp returned to the Commission at the end of the inquiry,\n         and in January 1975 moved to the Litigation Division,\n         representing the FCC in appellate litigation in the U.S.\n         Circuit Courts of Appeals and the Supreme Court. At that time\n         he also served as the chief advisor to the General Counsel\n         concerning political broadcasting and the fairness doctrine.\n         In September 1976, he moved to the office of FCC Commissioner\n         Margita E. White as legal assistant.","He resigned from the Commission in December 1978 to become\n         associated with the law firm of Schnader, Harrison, Segal\n         \u0026 Lewis in its Washington office. In 1981, Sharp returned\n         to the FCC as General Counsel. In 1982, President Ronald\n         Reagan nominated Sharp to be an FCC Commissioner, a position\n         he held until 1983. In August 1983, he joined the law firm of\n         Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher and Flom in order to establish a\n         telecommunications group within the firm. He was later of\n         counsel to the law firm of Patton, Boggs \u0026 Blow while\n         serving as President of Spectrum Consumer Products Company of\n         Alexandria, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStephen A. Sharp Papers, 1969-1980, Ms 007, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law,\n            Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Stephen A. Sharp Papers, 1969-1980, Ms 007, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University School of Law,\n            Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese papers document three specific aspects of the career\n         of Stephen A. Sharp: 1) His work as communications director\n         for the 1970 campaign to re-elect Winfield Dunn as governor of\n         Tennessee; 2) His service as Associate Minority Counsel to the\n         House Judiciary Committee 1974 Presidential Impeachment\n         Inquiry; and 3) His work as the chief advisor to the Federal\n         Communications Commission General Counsel concerning political\n         broadcasting and the fairness doctrine, 1976-1980.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWinfield Dunn campaign papers, 4.5 cu.ft., include: public\n         opinion polling research; releases; notes; daily campaign\n         schedules; and press clippings. Also included are 7 audio\n         cassette recordings of interviews with: Winfield Dunn, John J.\n         Hooker, Jr., Bill Jenkins, Jack McNeil, Claude Robertson, and\n         Stanley T.Snodgrass.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. House Judiciary Committee Impeachment Inquiry,\n         36.5 cu.ft., papers deal mainly with investigations of Richard\n         M. Nixon Presidential campaign financing, and the role of\n         Herbert Kalmbach in these activities. Materials include:\n         committee research materials arranged in numbered ring\n         binders; minority counsel internal memoranda; and printed\n         Congressional reports and documents. Some processing has been\n         done in this subgroup. A detailed listing of folder and\n         publication titles is included in the container list. The\n         materials are listed and housed in the order in which they\n         were received. Certain overarching delineations appear\n         including: Kalmbach and Campaign Financing, Materials re\n         Kalmbach, Campaign Financing Materials and Sharp\n         Notebooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Federal Communications Commission papers, 5 cu. ft.,\n         deal almost exclusively with the application of the Fairness\n         Doctrine by television networks during the 1976 elections.\n         Materials include: Legislative histories and other research\n         materials about the fairness doctrine; complaints and\n         pleadings of candidates and organizations; and Sharp memos,\n         notes and research materials from his work in response to\n         these complaints.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These papers document three specific aspects of the career\n         of Stephen A. Sharp: 1) His work as communications director\n         for the 1970 campaign to re-elect Winfield Dunn as governor of\n         Tennessee; 2) His service as Associate Minority Counsel to the\n         House Judiciary Committee 1974 Presidential Impeachment\n         Inquiry; and 3) His work as the chief advisor to the Federal\n         Communications Commission General Counsel concerning political\n         broadcasting and the fairness doctrine, 1976-1980.","Winfield Dunn campaign papers, 4.5 cu.ft., include: public\n         opinion polling research; releases; notes; daily campaign\n         schedules; and press clippings. Also included are 7 audio\n         cassette recordings of interviews with: Winfield Dunn, John J.\n         Hooker, Jr., Bill Jenkins, Jack McNeil, Claude Robertson, and\n         Stanley T.Snodgrass.","The U.S. House Judiciary Committee Impeachment Inquiry,\n         36.5 cu.ft., papers deal mainly with investigations of Richard\n         M. Nixon Presidential campaign financing, and the role of\n         Herbert Kalmbach in these activities. Materials include:\n         committee research materials arranged in numbered ring\n         binders; minority counsel internal memoranda; and printed\n         Congressional reports and documents. Some processing has been\n         done in this subgroup. A detailed listing of folder and\n         publication titles is included in the container list. The\n         materials are listed and housed in the order in which they\n         were received. Certain overarching delineations appear\n         including: Kalmbach and Campaign Financing, Materials re\n         Kalmbach, Campaign Financing Materials and Sharp\n         Notebooks.","The Federal Communications Commission papers, 5 cu. ft.,\n         deal almost exclusively with the application of the Fairness\n         Doctrine by television networks during the 1976 elections.\n         Materials include: Legislative histories and other research\n         materials about the fairness doctrine; complaints and\n         pleadings of candidates and organizations; and Sharp memos,\n         notes and research materials from his work in response to\n         these complaints."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":52,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00005_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"United States Court of Appeals for the\n 4th Circuit \n \n 1987-1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03","parent_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","Duplicate and Separated Materials from the\n Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers","Published Court Opinions"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00008","vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21","vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"United States Court of Appeals for the\n                     4th Circuit \n                     \n                     1987-1992","title_ssm":["United States Court of Appeals for the\n 4th Circuit \n \n 1987-1992"],"title_tesim":["United States Court of Appeals for the\n 4th Circuit \n \n 1987-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United States Court of Appeals for the\n 4th Circuit \n \n 1987-1992"],"text":["United States Court of Appeals for the\n 4th Circuit \n \n 1987-1992","Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","Duplicate and Separated Materials from the\n Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers","Published Court Opinions","box 31"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","Duplicate and Separated Materials from the\n Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers","Published Court Opinions"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","Duplicate and Separated Materials from the\n Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers","Published Court Opinions"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":38,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis F. 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Powell's life come\n            from a variety of miscellaneous sources and are collected\n            by the Powell Archives. This collection should not be\n            confused with the Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers, Ms 001. The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained.","This open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis F. 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The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/note\u003e\n    "],"note_tesim":["These materials relating to Lewis F. Powell's life come\n            from a variety of miscellaneous sources and are collected\n            by the Powell Archives. This collection should not be\n            confused with the Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers, Ms 001. The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis F. Powell Jr. Collection, 1937-1999, Ms 002, Lewis\n            F. Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection, 1937-1999, Ms 002, Lewis\n            F. Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c03_c02"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"United States Court of Appeals Reports\n \u0026 Briefs \n \n 1969-1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c01","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c01"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c01","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08","parent_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00006","vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"United States Court of Appeals Reports\n                  \u0026 Briefs \n                  \n                  1969-1992","title_ssm":["United States Court of Appeals Reports\n \u0026 Briefs \n \n 1969-1992"],"title_tesim":["United States Court of Appeals Reports\n \u0026 Briefs \n \n 1969-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United States Court of Appeals Reports\n \u0026 Briefs \n \n 1969-1992"],"text":["United States Court of Appeals Reports\n \u0026 Briefs \n \n 1969-1992","Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials","5.5 cu. ft.","box 46-52"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":32,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.5 cu. ft."],"containers_ssim":["box 46-52"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on access."],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00006.xml","title_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"title_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"text":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","009","47 cu.\n         ft.","There are no restrictions on access.","Only rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note.","Frank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.","In 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.","In 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh.","Biographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book For the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["009"],"unitid_tesim":["009"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["47 cu.\n         ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOnly rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Only rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.","In 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.","In 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank R. Parker Papers 1963-1997, Ms 009, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers 1963-1997, Ms 009, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFor the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\u003c/title\u003e\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Biographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book For the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c01"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"United States Supreme Court Reports and\n Briefs \n \n 1969-1990","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08","parent_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00006","vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"United States Supreme Court Reports and\n                  Briefs \n                  \n                  1969-1990","title_ssm":["United States Supreme Court Reports and\n Briefs \n \n 1969-1990"],"title_tesim":["United States Supreme Court Reports and\n Briefs \n \n 1969-1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United States Supreme Court Reports and\n Briefs \n \n 1969-1990"],"text":["United States Supreme Court Reports and\n Briefs \n \n 1969-1990","Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials","2 cu. ft.","box 53-56"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Printed Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank R. 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Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","009","47 cu.\n         ft.","There are no restrictions on access.","Only rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note.","Frank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.","In 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.","In 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh.","Biographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book For the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["009"],"unitid_tesim":["009"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["47 cu.\n         ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOnly rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Only rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.","In 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.","In 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank R. Parker Papers 1963-1997, Ms 009, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers 1963-1997, Ms 009, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFor the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\u003c/title\u003e\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Biographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book For the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c08_c02"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c07","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit\n Printed Opinions, 1987-1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDuplicate materials removed from 001 Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Papers at 11.6.1.2. All of these opinions were written by Powell. Though all are printed, some are \u003cspan type=\"simple\"\u003e\"unpublished.\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c07","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c07"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21_c07","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c21","parent_ssim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999","Duplicate and Separated Materials from the\n Lewis F. 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The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis F. 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The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/note\u003e\n    "],"note_tesim":["These materials relating to Lewis F. Powell's life come\n            from a variety of miscellaneous sources and are collected\n            by the Powell Archives. This collection should not be\n            confused with the Lewis F. Powell Jr. Papers, Ms 001. The\n            Powell Papers contain the documentation of Powell's life\n            which he created and maintained."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis F. Powell Jr. Collection, 1937-1999, Ms 002, Lewis\n            F. Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection, 1937-1999, Ms 002, Lewis\n            F. Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. 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The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.","There are no restrictions.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lewis F. Powell Jr. Collection \n \n 1937-1999"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis F. 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Powell Jr. Archives, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. These materials come from a variety of sources\n         including friends, associates, and the geneal public. The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This open-ended collection comprises discrete gifts of\n         usually small amounts of documentation relating to the life of\n         Justice Powell. 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The\n         Powell Archives staff have also added news clippings.\n         Materials separated from the Powell Papers that would, in most\n         cases, have been discarded, are also housed here for possible\n         exhibition or other use not directly related to research.\n         These materials include duplicate speeches,clippings, and\n         Supreme Court slip opinions."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00008_c19_c02"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1892-1897","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01","parent_ssim":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953","Education"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00010","vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Washington and Lee University School of\n                  Law \n                  \n                  1892-1897","title_ssm":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1892-1897"],"title_tesim":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1892-1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1892-1897"],"text":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1892-1897","John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953","Education"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953","Education"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953","Education"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on access."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00010","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00010.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953"],"title_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953"],"text":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953","011","This collection\n         consists of 1 cubic foot and 3 oversize folders of\n         materials.","There are no restrictions on access.","Born in West Virginia in 1873, John William Davis went to\n         college and law school at Washington and Lee University taking\n         his LL.B degree in 1895. Having already read law for a year in\n         his father's office, Davis completed the law degree\n         requirements in nine months. After practicing for a year in\n         West Virginia, he accepted a position as the third member of\n         the expanded law faculty at Washington and Lee. During the\n         1897 school year, Dean John Randolph Tucker died and Davis had\n         to take on the additional load of teaching Tucker's classes.\n         Though tempted to stay on at Washington and Lee under the\n         leadership of the new president, William L. Wilson, Davis\n         chose the \"rough \u0026 tumble\" of private practice. Two years\n         later, when Professor Charles Graves left Washington and Lee\n         to accept a chair at the University of Virginia, he was again\n         invited to join the permanent faculty. Davis again selected\n         private practice over teaching. He remained loyal to\n         Washington and Lee and later served more that two decades on\n         its board of trustees.","Davis practiced law in Clarksburg from 1897 to 1913. During\n         this period he was active in West Virginia and national\n         Democratic politics. He was elected to the West Virginia House\n         of Delegates in 1899 and, from 1911-1913, he served in the\n         U.S. Congress. In 1912 he married Ellen G. Bassell. (He had\n         married Julia McDonald in 1899. She died in childbirth a year\n         later.) From 1913-1918 he served as U. S. Solicitor general.\n         In September 1918, Davis was one of the delegates to the\n         Berne, Switzerland conference on the treatment and exchange of\n         Prisoner. From 1918 until 1921 he was ambassador to Great\n         Britain. In 1921 Davis moved from London to New York to become\n         head of the prominent Wall Street law firm Davis, Polk and\n         Wardwell. Clients included J. P. Morgan and Company, and U. S.\n         Steel.","In 1922, the same year he served as president of the\n         American Bar Association, Davis rejected appointment to the U.\n         S. Supreme Court. In 1924 he became the Democratic nominee for\n         president. He waged a conservative, high-minded and losing\n         campaign against Calvin Coolidge. He left the political arena,\n         only reemerging briefly in the 1930's as an organizer of the\n         anti-New Deal Liberty league.","For the rest of his career, he devoted himself to his\n         private practice. By his death in 1955 he had made 139 oral\n         arguments before the Supreme Court, at the time a 20th century\n         record. Davis was honored in his lifetime by fourteen honorary\n         doctorates. Felix Frankfurter, Learned Hand, and Hugo Black,\n         among others, deemed him one of the two or three finest\n         advocates of the century.","Davis' lifelong fidelity to the conservative legal\n         principles espoused by his father and by the Washington and\n         Lee law faculty at the time he was a student make for a\n         seemingly inconsistent record of advocacy. He may be best\n         remembered for successfully defending the steel industry\n         against government seizure during the Korean War, and for\n         unsuccessfully arguing South Carolina's case for maintaining\n         segregated schools in the school desegregation cases now known\n         jointly as Brown v. Board of Education. But Davis' second case\n         as Solicitor General made a strong argument against Oklahoma's\n         \"grandfather clause\" excluding blacks from voting (Guinn v.\n         United States). He spoke in defense of religious liberty in\n         the 1928 presidential campaign when candidate Al Smith was\n         attacked because of his Catholicism. In a 1931 pro bono case,\n         Davis defended a Yale divinity professor in a case (United\n         States v. Macintosh) that became a leading precedent in the\n         development of the law of conscientious objection. During the\n         Cold War, Davis was contemptuous of McCarthyite tactics. He\n         was involved both in the Alger Hiss case and in preparing the\n         appeal of J. Robert Oppenheimer to the Atomic Energy\n         Commission for security clearance.","Related Manuscript Collections\n          Researchers should note that the bulk of the papers\n               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.\n               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library\n               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale\n               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of\n               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special\n               Collections division of Washington and Lee University\n               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis\n               materials. These include a speech typescript, his\n               original law license, correspondence and asset\n               statements. The papers of the parents of John W. Davis,\n               John J. Davis and Julia McDonald Davis, are held by West\n               Virginia University.","Related Printed Materials: John W. Davis \"Cases\n               and Points\"\n          Davis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026 Wardwell, at an\n               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court\n               reports and other printed records of cases in which\n               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and\n               titled \"Cases and Points.\" A shelf list of these volumes\n               is available at the repository.","Twenty one books belonging to John W. Davis were\n            donated with this material. All of these books are\n            housed in the law library Rare Book Room. They have not\n            been entered into the library catalog, but a list of the\n            titles is available at the repository. Additionally, an\n            English Staffordshire porcelain figurine of a pair of\n            birds is on indefinite display in the anteroom to the\n            Law Librarian's office.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Davis Collection \n \n 1888-1953"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["011"],"unitid_tesim":["011"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"acqinfo_ssim":["John W. Davis' daughter Julia Davis Adams, donated these\n            materials in 1986."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["This collection\n         consists of 1 cubic foot and 3 oversize folders of\n         materials."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in West Virginia in 1873, John William Davis went to\n         college and law school at Washington and Lee University taking\n         his LL.B degree in 1895. Having already read law for a year in\n         his father's office, Davis completed the law degree\n         requirements in nine months. After practicing for a year in\n         West Virginia, he accepted a position as the third member of\n         the expanded law faculty at Washington and Lee. During the\n         1897 school year, Dean John Randolph Tucker died and Davis had\n         to take on the additional load of teaching Tucker's classes.\n         Though tempted to stay on at Washington and Lee under the\n         leadership of the new president, William L. Wilson, Davis\n         chose the \"rough \u0026amp; tumble\" of private practice. Two years\n         later, when Professor Charles Graves left Washington and Lee\n         to accept a chair at the University of Virginia, he was again\n         invited to join the permanent faculty. Davis again selected\n         private practice over teaching. He remained loyal to\n         Washington and Lee and later served more that two decades on\n         its board of trustees.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDavis practiced law in Clarksburg from 1897 to 1913. During\n         this period he was active in West Virginia and national\n         Democratic politics. He was elected to the West Virginia House\n         of Delegates in 1899 and, from 1911-1913, he served in the\n         U.S. Congress. In 1912 he married Ellen G. Bassell. (He had\n         married Julia McDonald in 1899. She died in childbirth a year\n         later.) From 1913-1918 he served as U. S. Solicitor general.\n         In September 1918, Davis was one of the delegates to the\n         Berne, Switzerland conference on the treatment and exchange of\n         Prisoner. From 1918 until 1921 he was ambassador to Great\n         Britain. In 1921 Davis moved from London to New York to become\n         head of the prominent Wall Street law firm Davis, Polk and\n         Wardwell. Clients included J. P. Morgan and Company, and U. S.\n         Steel.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1922, the same year he served as president of the\n         American Bar Association, Davis rejected appointment to the U.\n         S. Supreme Court. In 1924 he became the Democratic nominee for\n         president. He waged a conservative, high-minded and losing\n         campaign against Calvin Coolidge. He left the political arena,\n         only reemerging briefly in the 1930's as an organizer of the\n         anti-New Deal Liberty league.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFor the rest of his career, he devoted himself to his\n         private practice. By his death in 1955 he had made 139 oral\n         arguments before the Supreme Court, at the time a 20th century\n         record. Davis was honored in his lifetime by fourteen honorary\n         doctorates. Felix Frankfurter, Learned Hand, and Hugo Black,\n         among others, deemed him one of the two or three finest\n         advocates of the century.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDavis' lifelong fidelity to the conservative legal\n         principles espoused by his father and by the Washington and\n         Lee law faculty at the time he was a student make for a\n         seemingly inconsistent record of advocacy. He may be best\n         remembered for successfully defending the steel industry\n         against government seizure during the Korean War, and for\n         unsuccessfully arguing South Carolina's case for maintaining\n         segregated schools in the school desegregation cases now known\n         jointly as Brown v. Board of Education. But Davis' second case\n         as Solicitor General made a strong argument against Oklahoma's\n         \"grandfather clause\" excluding blacks from voting (Guinn v.\n         United States). He spoke in defense of religious liberty in\n         the 1928 presidential campaign when candidate Al Smith was\n         attacked because of his Catholicism. In a 1931 pro bono case,\n         Davis defended a Yale divinity professor in a case (United\n         States v. Macintosh) that became a leading precedent in the\n         development of the law of conscientious objection. During the\n         Cold War, Davis was contemptuous of McCarthyite tactics. He\n         was involved both in the Alger Hiss case and in preparing the\n         appeal of J. Robert Oppenheimer to the Atomic Energy\n         Commission for security clearance.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in West Virginia in 1873, John William Davis went to\n         college and law school at Washington and Lee University taking\n         his LL.B degree in 1895. Having already read law for a year in\n         his father's office, Davis completed the law degree\n         requirements in nine months. After practicing for a year in\n         West Virginia, he accepted a position as the third member of\n         the expanded law faculty at Washington and Lee. During the\n         1897 school year, Dean John Randolph Tucker died and Davis had\n         to take on the additional load of teaching Tucker's classes.\n         Though tempted to stay on at Washington and Lee under the\n         leadership of the new president, William L. Wilson, Davis\n         chose the \"rough \u0026 tumble\" of private practice. Two years\n         later, when Professor Charles Graves left Washington and Lee\n         to accept a chair at the University of Virginia, he was again\n         invited to join the permanent faculty. Davis again selected\n         private practice over teaching. He remained loyal to\n         Washington and Lee and later served more that two decades on\n         its board of trustees.","Davis practiced law in Clarksburg from 1897 to 1913. During\n         this period he was active in West Virginia and national\n         Democratic politics. He was elected to the West Virginia House\n         of Delegates in 1899 and, from 1911-1913, he served in the\n         U.S. Congress. In 1912 he married Ellen G. Bassell. (He had\n         married Julia McDonald in 1899. She died in childbirth a year\n         later.) From 1913-1918 he served as U. S. Solicitor general.\n         In September 1918, Davis was one of the delegates to the\n         Berne, Switzerland conference on the treatment and exchange of\n         Prisoner. From 1918 until 1921 he was ambassador to Great\n         Britain. In 1921 Davis moved from London to New York to become\n         head of the prominent Wall Street law firm Davis, Polk and\n         Wardwell. Clients included J. P. Morgan and Company, and U. S.\n         Steel.","In 1922, the same year he served as president of the\n         American Bar Association, Davis rejected appointment to the U.\n         S. Supreme Court. In 1924 he became the Democratic nominee for\n         president. He waged a conservative, high-minded and losing\n         campaign against Calvin Coolidge. He left the political arena,\n         only reemerging briefly in the 1930's as an organizer of the\n         anti-New Deal Liberty league.","For the rest of his career, he devoted himself to his\n         private practice. By his death in 1955 he had made 139 oral\n         arguments before the Supreme Court, at the time a 20th century\n         record. Davis was honored in his lifetime by fourteen honorary\n         doctorates. Felix Frankfurter, Learned Hand, and Hugo Black,\n         among others, deemed him one of the two or three finest\n         advocates of the century.","Davis' lifelong fidelity to the conservative legal\n         principles espoused by his father and by the Washington and\n         Lee law faculty at the time he was a student make for a\n         seemingly inconsistent record of advocacy. He may be best\n         remembered for successfully defending the steel industry\n         against government seizure during the Korean War, and for\n         unsuccessfully arguing South Carolina's case for maintaining\n         segregated schools in the school desegregation cases now known\n         jointly as Brown v. Board of Education. But Davis' second case\n         as Solicitor General made a strong argument against Oklahoma's\n         \"grandfather clause\" excluding blacks from voting (Guinn v.\n         United States). He spoke in defense of religious liberty in\n         the 1928 presidential campaign when candidate Al Smith was\n         attacked because of his Catholicism. In a 1931 pro bono case,\n         Davis defended a Yale divinity professor in a case (United\n         States v. Macintosh) that became a leading precedent in the\n         development of the law of conscientious objection. During the\n         Cold War, Davis was contemptuous of McCarthyite tactics. He\n         was involved both in the Alger Hiss case and in preparing the\n         appeal of J. Robert Oppenheimer to the Atomic Energy\n         Commission for security clearance."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Davis Collection, 1888-1953, Ms 011, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["John W. Davis Collection, 1888-1953, Ms 011, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003crelatedmaterial\u003e\n          \u003chead\u003eRelated Manuscript Collections\u003c/head\u003e\n          \u003cp\u003eResearchers should note that the bulk of the papers\n               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.\n               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library\n               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale\n               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of\n               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special\n               Collections division of Washington and Lee University\n               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis\n               materials. These include a speech typescript, his\n               original law license, correspondence and asset\n               statements. The papers of the parents of John W. Davis,\n               John J. Davis and Julia McDonald Davis, are held by West\n               Virginia University.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003c/relatedmaterial\u003e\n        ","\u003crelatedmaterial\u003e\n          \u003chead\u003eRelated Printed Materials: John W. Davis \"Cases\n               and Points\"\u003c/head\u003e\n          \u003cp\u003eDavis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026amp; Wardwell, at an\n               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court\n               reports and other printed records of cases in which\n               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and\n               titled \"Cases and Points.\" A shelf list of these volumes\n               is available at the repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n        \u003c/relatedmaterial\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Related Manuscript Collections\n          Researchers should note that the bulk of the papers\n               of John W. Davis are held by Yale University Libraries.\n               (Washington and Lee University School of Law Library\n               holds a copy of the microfilm edition of this Yale\n               collection. The film is housed in the microforms area of\n               the law library Main Reading Room.) The Special\n               Collections division of Washington and Lee University\n               Leyburn Library also holds a small collection of Davis\n               materials. These include a speech typescript, his\n               original law license, correspondence and asset\n               statements. The papers of the parents of John W. Davis,\n               John J. Davis and Julia McDonald Davis, are held by West\n               Virginia University.","Related Printed Materials: John W. Davis \"Cases\n               and Points\"\n          Davis' law firm, Davis, Polk \u0026 Wardwell, at an\n               unrecorded date, donated c. 50 linear feet of court\n               reports and other printed records of cases in which\n               Davis participated. These had been specially bound and\n               titled \"Cases and Points.\" A shelf list of these volumes\n               is available at the repository."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty one books belonging to John W. Davis were\n            donated with this material. All of these books are\n            housed in the law library Rare Book Room. They have not\n            been entered into the library catalog, but a list of the\n            titles is available at the repository. Additionally, an\n            English Staffordshire porcelain figurine of a pair of\n            birds is on indefinite display in the anteroom to the\n            Law Librarian's office.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Twenty one books belonging to John W. Davis were\n            donated with this material. All of these books are\n            housed in the law library Rare Book Room. They have not\n            been entered into the library catalog, but a list of the\n            titles is available at the repository. Additionally, an\n            English Staffordshire porcelain figurine of a pair of\n            birds is on indefinite display in the anteroom to the\n            Law Librarian's office."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":59,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00010_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07_c03","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1996-1997","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07_c03"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07","parent_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Teaching (subject files and class\n materials)"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxwl_vilxwl00006","vilxwl_vilxwl00006_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"Washington and Lee University School of\n                  Law \n                  \n                  1996-1997","title_ssm":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1996-1997"],"title_tesim":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1996-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1996-1997"],"text":["Washington and Lee University School of\n Law \n \n 1996-1997","Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Teaching (subject files and class\n materials)","2.5 cu. ft.","box 43-45"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Teaching (subject files and class\n materials)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","Teaching (subject files and class\n materials)"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":30,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"collection_ssim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"physdesc_tesim":["2.5 cu. ft."],"containers_ssim":["box 43-45"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions on access."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:46.595Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00006","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wl-law/vilxwl00006.xml","title_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"title_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"text":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997","009","47 cu.\n         ft.","There are no restrictions on access.","Only rough sorting of this collection has been\n         accomplished. Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note.","Frank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. Finch.","In 1981, Parker moved to Washington to direct the Lawyers'\n         Committee's Voting Rights Project, where he helped secure from\n         Congress a 25-year extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.\n         During his 12 years as Director of the Voting Rights Project,\n         he launched a program to enforce the guarantees of the Voting\n         Rights Act on a nationwide level through litigation and public\n         education, and was a leader in the five- year struggle to\n         enact the National Voter Registration Act of 1993. In 1990, he\n         authored an award-winning book on the impact of the Voting\n         Rights Act in Mississippi, Black Votes Count: Political\n         Empowerment in Mississippi After 1965. He co-founded the\n         Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review. He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.","In 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh.","Biographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. Personal papers include\n         correspondence and notebooks from Parker' s student days at\n         Oxford, England. Audio and video recordings are mostly\n         interviews given by or conducted by Parker on the subject of\n         votings rights. Lawyers' Committee For Civil Rights Under Law\n         papers document Parker's work for the Committee's voting\n         rights project at both its Mississippi and Washington, D.C.\n         offices. Included are correspondence subject files, and case\n         files. Redistricting in Lee County Mississippi is heavily\n         documented. Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book For the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frank R. Parker Papers \n \n 1963-1997"],"collection_ssim":["Frank R. 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Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. 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He also wrote\n         eight book chapters, seven law review articles, and numerous\n         case notes, conference reports, and articles.","In 1993, Parker accepted a position at the District of\n         Columbia School of Law, where he taught from 1993-1995. He was\n         a visiting professor at American University Washington College\n         of Law in 1995-1996, and Washington and Lee University School\n         of Law in 1996-1997. At the time of his death on July 10,\n         1997, Parker had accepted an appointment as a visiting law\n         professor at the University of Pittsburgh."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank R. Parker Papers 1963-1997, Ms 009, Lewis F.\n            Powell Jr. Archives, Washington and Lee University,\n            Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Frank R. 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Writings include printed versions of much of\n         Parker' s writing from throughout his career; research\n         materials for Black Votes Count; research materials and a typescript for the\n         unpublished book \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFor the Common Good: The Case for Affirmative\u003c/title\u003e\n         Action. The teaching papers include subject files and class\n         materials from Parker' s years of teaching law at the District\n         of Columbia School of Law, American University' s Washington\n         College of Law, and Washington and Lee University School of\n         Law.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Biographical materials include correspondence, resumes,\n         photos, and memorabilia. Obituaries and materials from the memorial service in Parker's honor at the U.S. Department of Justice are also here. 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Materials are generally not arranged within the\n         potential series described in the scope and content note.","Frank Ruff Parker III was born on May 11, 1940 in Mount\n         Pleasant, Pennsylvania to Marjorie LeClair Parker and Frank R.\n         Parker, Jr. He attended public schools in Steubenville, Ohio,\n         and received his B.A. from Oberlin College in Ohio. After\n         studies at Oxford University in England, Parker received an\n         Erwin N. Griswold Scholarship to Harvard Law School, where he\n         obtained his L.L.B. degree in 1966. Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. 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Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHe began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. 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Married three times, to\n         Virginia Foster Durr, Carolyn Parker, and Ann Burlock Lawver,\n         Parker had four children: Barbara Parker Golden, Stephanie\n         Parker Weaver, Kevin Parker, and Ian Parker.","He began his legal career as a staff attorney in the Office\n         of General Counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in\n         Washington from 1966-1968. In 1968, Parker moved to Jackson,\n         Mississippi, to work for the Lawyers' Committee for Civil\n         Rights Under Law. He became chief Counsel of the Jackson\n         office in 1976, where he litigated dozens of voting rights,\n         public employment, and segregation cases. This work included\n         the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Connor v. 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