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Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001","Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_276","vircu_repositories_5_resources_276_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Sub-series: A - Ellen Glasgow","title_ssm":["Sub-series: A - Ellen Glasgow"],"title_tesim":["Sub-series: A - Ellen Glasgow"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Sub-series: A - Ellen Glasgow"],"text":["Sub-series: A - Ellen Glasgow","M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001","Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001","Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001","Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":835,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":21,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_276","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_276","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_276","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_276.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Inge, M. Thomas, papers","title_ssm":["M. Thomas Inge papers"],"title_tesim":["M. Thomas Inge papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1879-2001"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1879-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1879/2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001"],"text":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001","M 82","/repositories/5/resources/276","American literature.","Popular culture -- United States.","Comic books, strips, etc.","Collection is open to research.","Series I - Comic Arts. Sub-series A - Correspondence (n.d., 1908-2002), Sub-series B - Published and Unpublished Works by Inge (n.d., 1962-2002), Sub-series C - Published and Unpublished Works by Others (n.d., 1879-1995), Sub-series D - Other Comic Related Items (n.d., 1972-2001), Sub-series E - Oversized Items (n.d., 1894-2001).Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items. Sub-series A - Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1971-1976), Sub-series B - Personal Items (n.d., 1915-2000), Sub-series C - Photographs (n. d., 1957-1975).","Monday through Saturday","1975: July 31 - October 4","October 6 - December 20","\"M. Thomas Inge, Ph.D. is the Robert Emory Blackwell Professor of English and the Humanities at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia. A native of Newport News, Virginia, he received his B.A. degree in English and Spanish from Randolph-Macon College in 1959 and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in English and American literature from Vanderbilt University in 1960 and 1964 respectively. After teaching at Vanderbilt University, he became a member of the Department of American Thought and Language at Michigan State University from 1964 to1969, when he joined the Department of English at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. He served as Chair of the department from 1974 to 1980 and then was Head of the Department of English at Clemson University in South Carolina. From 1982 to 1984, he was appointed Resident Scholar in American Studies by the U.S. Information Agency in Washington.","As a senior Fulbright Lecturer, Inge has taught at the University of Salamanca in Spain (1967-68) and at three institutions in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1971). On a third Fulbright appointment in 1979, he offered courses on American humor and literary regionalism at Moscow State University in the Soviet Union. As resident Scholar with USIA, he consulted and lectured abroad in eighteen countries, including France, Italy, Portugal, Japan, New Zealand, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the People's Republic of China. More recently, he has lectured in Poland, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Finland, Denmark, England, Germany, and the Czech Republic. At the invitation of the Gorky Institute, he returned to the Soviet Union to participate in conferences on Sholokhov and Faulkner and the works of Eudora Welty. He has led travel-study courses to the Soviet Union in 1988 and China in 1989, and in 1994 he taught at Charles University in Prague on a fourth Fulbright lectureship.","Among others, Inge teaches courses in American humor and satire and is the author or editor of over fifty books. His three-volume Handbook of American Popular Culture was cited by the American Library Association as an outstanding reference work in 1979 and was issued in a revised and expanded edition in 1989. In addition to his continuing interests in literature, Inge is also engaged in research on the history and development of American comic art, which resulted in his book \"Comics as Culture.\"","More recent publications include \"Anything Can Happen in a Comic Strip,\" a study of self-referentiality in the comics, and \"Charles M. Schulz: Conversations, a collection of interviews with the creator of Peanuts,\" the first in a series of such collections for which Inge is serving as the general editor for the University Press of Mississippi. Works in progress include books on the relations between American literature and the comics and the adaptation process in the films of Walt Disney.\"","This biography is from the website Witty World: International Cartoon Centerat http://www.wittyworld.com/bios/bioinge.html. It was accessed on September 11, 2002.","For more information, see the department's control folder.","This collection is composed of materials collected by Dr. Inge relating to his academic studies of the comic arts, popular culture, and American literature. The bulk of the collection is dated from the 1950s onward and is made up of many unique items collected by Inge covering the history of the comic arts. Manuscripts by Inge and other writers are also included. The collection contains correspondence with a number of noted artists and writers, including Art Spiegelman, Mort Walker, Bruce Duncan, and Harold Foster, and comic arts scholars. The collection includes advertisements, fan club materials, posters, art prints, animation cells, comic strip and comic book samples, comic and animation character drinking glasses, numerous buttons, records, and various other collectable items. Other materials incorporate Inge's interests in American literature and include typescript copies of the Ellen Glasgow Newsletter and Frontier Home, copies of literary journals, numerous publications, and correspondence. The collection also contains items of Dr. Inge's own personal collection of materials ranging from his grade school papers and school yearbooks to an autograph scrapbook and EC Fan Club dating from the 1950s.The collection includes a very large collection of reference journals including fanzines, newsletters, journals, and numerous other periodicals related to the comic arts. These periodical titles focus on the history and art of comic books and comic strips, cartoonists, comic book and comic strip characters, animation, and other aspects of the comic arts and popular culture. These materials, and the hundreds of comic books and reference books donated by Dr. Inge, have been incorporated into their own individual collections.","Monday through Saturday","1973: September 28","October 6 - December 31","1974: January 1 - February 2","February 4 - 12","Monday through Saturday","1974: February 14 - March 23","Monday through Saturday","1974: March 25 - May 25","Monday through Saturday","1974: May 27 - September 7","Monday through Saturday","1974: September 9 - November 2","November 4 - December 31","1975: January 1 - 11","Monday through Saturday","1975: January 13 - April 7","Monday through Saturday","1975: April 8 - 12","April 15 - July 11","Monday through Saturday","1975: July 11 - September 24","Monday through Sunday","1975: November 17 - December 31","1976: January 1 - January 5","Monday through Saturday","1973: September 3, September 5 - 14","September 17 - 25","September 27 - 29","October 1","October 3 - 17","November 20","November 22 - December 19","December 21 - 31","1974: January 1 - March 21","Monday through Saturday","1974: March 23 - July 20","July 23 - 31","September 3 - December 31","1975: January 1 - 13","Monday through Saturday","1975: January 14 - July 11","July 14 - 30","Monday through Saturday","1974: September 4","1975: December 22 - 31","1976: January 1 - 31","1973: June 17, 24","July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Aug 5, 12, 19, 26","Sept 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Oct 7, 14, 21, 28","Nov 4, 11, 25","Dec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","1974: Jan 6, 13, 20, 27","Feb 3, 10, 17, 24","Mar 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","Apr 7, 14, 21, 28","May 12, 19, 26","June 9, 16, 23, 30","July 7, 14, 21, 28","Aug 4, 11, 18, 25","Sept 1, 8, 15, 29","Oct 6, 13, 20, 27","Nov 3, 10, 17, 24","Dec 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","1975: Jan 5, 19, 26","Feb 2, 9, 16, 23","Mar 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Apr 6, 13, 20, 27","May 4, 11, 18, 25","June 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","July 6, 13, 20, 27","Aug 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","Sept 7, 14, 21, 28","Oct 5, 12, 19, 26","Nov 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Dec 7, 14, 21, 28","1976: Jan 4, 11, 18, 25","Feb 8, 15, 22, 29","Mar 7, 14, 21, 28","Apr 4, 11, 18, 25","May 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","June 13, 20, 27","July 4, 11, 18, 25","Aug 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Sept 5, 12, 19, 26","Oct 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","Nov 7, 14, 21, 28","Dec 5, 12, 19, 26","1977: Jan 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Feb 6, 13, 20, 27","Mar 6, 13, 20, 27","Apr 3, 10, 17, 24","May 1, 8, 15,","Aug 14, 21,","Sep 4, 11, 18, 25","Oct 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Nov 6, 13, 20, 27","Dec 4, 11, 18, 25","1978: Jan 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Feb 5, 12, 19, 26","Mar 5, 12, 19, 26","Apr 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","May 7, 14, 21, 28","June 4, 11, 18","July 21, 30","Aug 6, 13, 20","Sept 3, 10, 17, 24","Oct 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Nov 5, 12, 19, 26","Dec 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","1979: Jan 7, 14, 21, 28","Feb 4, 11, 18, 25","Mar 4, 11, 18, 25","Apr 1, 8, 22, 29","May 6, 13, 20, 27","June 2, 10, 17, 24","July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Aug 5, 12, 19, 26","Sept 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Oct 7, 14, 21, 28","Nov 4, 11, 18, 25","Dec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","1980: Jan 13, 20, 27","Feb 3, 10, 17, 24","Mar 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Apr 6, 13, 20, 27","May 4, 11, 18, 25","June 1, 8, 15, 22","1934: Aug 19, 26","Sept 9, 16, 30","Oct 7, 14, 21, 28","Nov 4, 11, 18, 25","Dec 2, 9, 16, 23","1935: July 21","Aug 11","Sep 8, 15, 22","Oct 6, 20, 27","Nov 3, 24","Dec 1, 8, 15, 29","1936: Mar 29","May 3","Dec 6, 13, 20, 27","1937: Feb 7","Apr 18","May 2","Sept 19","Oct 17","1938: Jan 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Special Issue: \"America at 200\"","1973: #3, 9, 11 - 12, 14 - 15, 17 - 19","1979: #24 - 36","1982: #25 - 27, 30 - 36","1983: #1 - 4, 8, 25 - 36","1984: #1 -13, 15 - 25, 27 - 28, 30 - 36","1985: #1 - 36","1986: #1 - 36","1987: #1 - 24, 34 - 36","1988: #1 - 36","1989: #1 - 33","1975: September 25 - November 15","1976: January 6 - 31","1976: May 16, 29","1977: May 22","June 5, 12, 19, 26","July 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","August 7, 28","1976: Official National Lampoon Bicentennial Calendar","Science Fiction Calendar","1979: Book of Days: Virginia Slims Engagement Calendar","1980: Karehdayva Russian Calendar","The Occult World of Doctor Strange Marvel Comics Calendar","Wretched Mess Calendar","1983: Graffiti Calendar","1989:  Hanna-Barbera 30th Birthday Calendar","1990: Skip Marrow","1992: The Neighborhood","The Far Side 1992 Desk Calendar","1993: The Far Side 1992-93 16-Month Wall Calendar","The Far Side 1993 Desk Calendar","The Ren \u0026 Stimpy Show","1996: Looney Tunes","1998: Prince Valiant: in the Days of King Arthur","1999: 100 Years of American Comics","2000: Drawn \u0026 Quarterly","Includes filmstrips, flash cards, cassettes, poster, and comic books.","Includes filmstrip, cassette, game and pieces, posters, and comic books","\"...it all started by a mouse\"","\"...nature herself writes the most interesting stories\"","\"Today we are shapers of the world of tomorrow.\"","\"Fantasy...lies beyond the reach of time\"","Includes two collector's books, first day cover stamps, and related paperwork","\"No Bout About It\" \u0026 \"Blassie, King of Men\" b/w \"U.S. Male\" \u0026 \"Pencil Neck Geek\"","100% Cotton","\"Duck Yas Yas\" b/w \"Beautiful Missouri Waltz\"","\"Wisconsin Wiggles\" b/w \"River Blues\"","The Amazing Spider-Man \u0026 his Friends","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of English -- Faculty","Inge, M. Thomas","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001"],"collection_ssim":["M. Thomas Inge papers, 1879/2001"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 82","/repositories/5/resources/276"],"unitid_tesim":["M 82","/repositories/5/resources/276"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Inge, M. Thomas"],"creator_ssim":["Inge, M. Thomas"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Inge, M. Thomas","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of English -- Faculty"],"creators_ssim":["Inge, M. Thomas","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of English -- Faculty"],"access_subjects_ssim":["American literature.","Popular culture -- United States.","Comic books, strips, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["American literature.","Popular culture -- United States.","Comic books, strips, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["46 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["46 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I - Comic Arts. Sub-series A - Correspondence (n.d., 1908-2002), Sub-series B - Published and Unpublished Works by Inge (n.d., 1962-2002), Sub-series C - Published and Unpublished Works by Others (n.d., 1879-1995), Sub-series D - Other Comic Related Items (n.d., 1972-2001), Sub-series E - Oversized Items (n.d., 1894-2001).Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items. Sub-series A - Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1971-1976), Sub-series B - Personal Items (n.d., 1915-2000), Sub-series C - Photographs (n. d., 1957-1975).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: July 31 - October 4 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6 - December 20\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I - Comic Arts. Sub-series A - Correspondence (n.d., 1908-2002), Sub-series B - Published and Unpublished Works by Inge (n.d., 1962-2002), Sub-series C - Published and Unpublished Works by Others (n.d., 1879-1995), Sub-series D - Other Comic Related Items (n.d., 1972-2001), Sub-series E - Oversized Items (n.d., 1894-2001).Series II - Other Literary Materials and Personal Items. Sub-series A - Ellen Glasgow (n.d., 1971-1976), Sub-series B - Personal Items (n.d., 1915-2000), Sub-series C - Photographs (n. d., 1957-1975).","Monday through Saturday","1975: July 31 - October 4","October 6 - December 20"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"M. Thomas Inge, Ph.D. is the Robert Emory Blackwell Professor of English and the Humanities at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia. A native of Newport News, Virginia, he received his B.A. degree in English and Spanish from Randolph-Macon College in 1959 and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in English and American literature from Vanderbilt University in 1960 and 1964 respectively. After teaching at Vanderbilt University, he became a member of the Department of American Thought and Language at Michigan State University from 1964 to1969, when he joined the Department of English at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. He served as Chair of the department from 1974 to 1980 and then was Head of the Department of English at Clemson University in South Carolina. From 1982 to 1984, he was appointed Resident Scholar in American Studies by the U.S. Information Agency in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a senior Fulbright Lecturer, Inge has taught at the University of Salamanca in Spain (1967-68) and at three institutions in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1971). On a third Fulbright appointment in 1979, he offered courses on American humor and literary regionalism at Moscow State University in the Soviet Union. As resident Scholar with USIA, he consulted and lectured abroad in eighteen countries, including France, Italy, Portugal, Japan, New Zealand, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the People's Republic of China. More recently, he has lectured in Poland, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Finland, Denmark, England, Germany, and the Czech Republic. At the invitation of the Gorky Institute, he returned to the Soviet Union to participate in conferences on Sholokhov and Faulkner and the works of Eudora Welty. He has led travel-study courses to the Soviet Union in 1988 and China in 1989, and in 1994 he taught at Charles University in Prague on a fourth Fulbright lectureship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong others, Inge teaches courses in American humor and satire and is the author or editor of over fifty books. His three-volume Handbook of American Popular Culture was cited by the American Library Association as an outstanding reference work in 1979 and was issued in a revised and expanded edition in 1989. In addition to his continuing interests in literature, Inge is also engaged in research on the history and development of American comic art, which resulted in his book \"Comics as Culture.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore recent publications include \"Anything Can Happen in a Comic Strip,\" a study of self-referentiality in the comics, and \"Charles M. Schulz: Conversations, a collection of interviews with the creator of Peanuts,\" the first in a series of such collections for which Inge is serving as the general editor for the University Press of Mississippi. Works in progress include books on the relations between American literature and the comics and the adaptation process in the films of Walt Disney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis biography is from the website Witty World: International Cartoon Centerat http://www.wittyworld.com/bios/bioinge.html. It was accessed on September 11, 2002.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information, see the department's control folder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"M. Thomas Inge, Ph.D. is the Robert Emory Blackwell Professor of English and the Humanities at Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, Virginia. A native of Newport News, Virginia, he received his B.A. degree in English and Spanish from Randolph-Macon College in 1959 and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in English and American literature from Vanderbilt University in 1960 and 1964 respectively. After teaching at Vanderbilt University, he became a member of the Department of American Thought and Language at Michigan State University from 1964 to1969, when he joined the Department of English at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. He served as Chair of the department from 1974 to 1980 and then was Head of the Department of English at Clemson University in South Carolina. From 1982 to 1984, he was appointed Resident Scholar in American Studies by the U.S. Information Agency in Washington.","As a senior Fulbright Lecturer, Inge has taught at the University of Salamanca in Spain (1967-68) and at three institutions in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1971). On a third Fulbright appointment in 1979, he offered courses on American humor and literary regionalism at Moscow State University in the Soviet Union. As resident Scholar with USIA, he consulted and lectured abroad in eighteen countries, including France, Italy, Portugal, Japan, New Zealand, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the People's Republic of China. More recently, he has lectured in Poland, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Finland, Denmark, England, Germany, and the Czech Republic. At the invitation of the Gorky Institute, he returned to the Soviet Union to participate in conferences on Sholokhov and Faulkner and the works of Eudora Welty. He has led travel-study courses to the Soviet Union in 1988 and China in 1989, and in 1994 he taught at Charles University in Prague on a fourth Fulbright lectureship.","Among others, Inge teaches courses in American humor and satire and is the author or editor of over fifty books. His three-volume Handbook of American Popular Culture was cited by the American Library Association as an outstanding reference work in 1979 and was issued in a revised and expanded edition in 1989. In addition to his continuing interests in literature, Inge is also engaged in research on the history and development of American comic art, which resulted in his book \"Comics as Culture.\"","More recent publications include \"Anything Can Happen in a Comic Strip,\" a study of self-referentiality in the comics, and \"Charles M. Schulz: Conversations, a collection of interviews with the creator of Peanuts,\" the first in a series of such collections for which Inge is serving as the general editor for the University Press of Mississippi. Works in progress include books on the relations between American literature and the comics and the adaptation process in the films of Walt Disney.\"","This biography is from the website Witty World: International Cartoon Centerat http://www.wittyworld.com/bios/bioinge.html. It was accessed on September 11, 2002.","For more information, see the department's control folder."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eM. Thomas Inge Papers, M 82, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["M. Thomas Inge Papers, M 82, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of materials collected by Dr. Inge relating to his academic studies of the comic arts, popular culture, and American literature. The bulk of the collection is dated from the 1950s onward and is made up of many unique items collected by Inge covering the history of the comic arts. Manuscripts by Inge and other writers are also included. The collection contains correspondence with a number of noted artists and writers, including Art Spiegelman, Mort Walker, Bruce Duncan, and Harold Foster, and comic arts scholars. The collection includes advertisements, fan club materials, posters, art prints, animation cells, comic strip and comic book samples, comic and animation character drinking glasses, numerous buttons, records, and various other collectable items. Other materials incorporate Inge's interests in American literature and include typescript copies of the Ellen Glasgow Newsletter and Frontier Home, copies of literary journals, numerous publications, and correspondence. The collection also contains items of Dr. Inge's own personal collection of materials ranging from his grade school papers and school yearbooks to an autograph scrapbook and EC Fan Club dating from the 1950s.The collection includes a very large collection of reference journals including fanzines, newsletters, journals, and numerous other periodicals related to the comic arts. These periodical titles focus on the history and art of comic books and comic strips, cartoonists, comic book and comic strip characters, animation, and other aspects of the comic arts and popular culture. These materials, and the hundreds of comic books and reference books donated by Dr. Inge, have been incorporated into their own individual collections.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1973: September 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6 - December 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: January 1 - February 2 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4 - 12\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: February 14 - March 23\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: March 25 - May 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: May 27 - September 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: September 9 - November 2 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 4 - December 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: January 1 - 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: January 13 - April 7\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: April 8 - 12 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 15 - July 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: July 11 - September 24\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Sunday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: November 17 - December 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976: January 1 - January 5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1973: September 3, September 5 - 14 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 17 - 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 27 - 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3 - 17 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 20 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22 - December 19 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 21 - 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: January 1 - March 21\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: March 23 - July 20 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 23 - 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3 - December 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: January 1 - 13\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: January 14 - July 11 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14 - 30\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday through Saturday \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: September 4 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: December 22 - 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976: January 1 - 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1973: June 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 4, 11, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1974: Jan 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 3, 10, 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 1, 8, 15, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 3, 10, 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 1, 8, 15, 22, 29\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: Jan 5, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 2, 9, 16, 23 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 7, 14, 21, 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976: Jan 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 5, 12, 19, 26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977: Jan 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 3, 10, 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 1, 8, 15, \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 14, 21, \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSep 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 4, 11, 18, 25\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1978: Jan 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 4, 11, 18 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 6, 13, 20 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 3, 10, 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 3, 10, 17, 24, 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979: Jan 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 1, 8, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 2, 10, 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1980: Jan 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeb 3, 10, 17, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMar 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 8, 15, 22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1934: Aug 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 9, 16, 30 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 7, 14, 21, 28 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 4, 11, 18, 25 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 2, 9, 16, 23 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1935: July 21 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAug 11 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSep 8, 15, 22 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 6, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNov 3, 24 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 1, 8, 15, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1936: Mar 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 3 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDec 6, 13, 20, 27 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1937: Feb 7 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApr 18 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 2 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSept 19 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOct 17 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1938: Jan 2, 9, 16, 23, 30\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Issue: \"America at 200\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1973: #3, 9, 11 - 12, 14 - 15, 17 - 19 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979: #24 - 36 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1982: #25 - 27, 30 - 36 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1983: #1 - 4, 8, 25 - 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1984: #1 -13, 15 - 25, 27 - 28, 30 - 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1985: #1 - 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1986: #1 - 36 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1987: #1 - 24, 34 - 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1988: #1 - 36\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1989: #1 - 33\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975: September 25 - November 15 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976: January 6 - 31\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976: May 16, 29 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1977: May 22 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 12, 19, 26 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 28\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1976: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOfficial National Lampoon \u003c/title\u003eBicentennial Calendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eScience Fiction \u003c/title\u003eCalendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1979: Book of Days: Virginia Slims Engagement Calendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1980: Karehdayva Russian Calendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Occult World of Doctor Strange \u003c/title\u003eMarvel Comics Calendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWretched Mess \u003c/title\u003eCalendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1983: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGraffiti \u003c/title\u003eCalendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1989: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Hanna-Barbera \u003c/title\u003e30th Birthday Calendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1990: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSkip Marrow \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1992: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Neighborhood \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Far Side 1992 Desk Calendar \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1993: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Far Side 1992-93 \u003c/title\u003e16-Month Wall Calendar \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Far Side 1993 Desk Calendar\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Ren \u0026amp; Stimpy Show\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1996: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eLooney Tunes \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1998: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePrince Valiant: in the Days of King Arthur \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1999: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e100 Years of American Comics \u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2000: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDrawn \u0026amp; Quarterly\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes filmstrips, flash cards, cassettes, poster, and comic books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes filmstrip, cassette, game and pieces, posters, and comic books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"...it all started by a mouse\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"...nature herself writes the most interesting stories\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Today we are shapers of the world of tomorrow.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Fantasy...lies beyond the reach of time\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes two collector's books, first day cover stamps, and related paperwork\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"No Bout About It\" \u0026amp; \"Blassie, King of Men\" b/w \"U.S. Male\" \u0026amp; \"Pencil Neck Geek\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e100% Cotton\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Duck Yas Yas\" b/w \"Beautiful Missouri Waltz\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Wisconsin Wiggles\" b/w \"River Blues\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Amazing Spider-Man \u0026amp; his Friends\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of materials collected by Dr. Inge relating to his academic studies of the comic arts, popular culture, and American literature. The bulk of the collection is dated from the 1950s onward and is made up of many unique items collected by Inge covering the history of the comic arts. Manuscripts by Inge and other writers are also included. The collection contains correspondence with a number of noted artists and writers, including Art Spiegelman, Mort Walker, Bruce Duncan, and Harold Foster, and comic arts scholars. The collection includes advertisements, fan club materials, posters, art prints, animation cells, comic strip and comic book samples, comic and animation character drinking glasses, numerous buttons, records, and various other collectable items. Other materials incorporate Inge's interests in American literature and include typescript copies of the Ellen Glasgow Newsletter and Frontier Home, copies of literary journals, numerous publications, and correspondence. The collection also contains items of Dr. Inge's own personal collection of materials ranging from his grade school papers and school yearbooks to an autograph scrapbook and EC Fan Club dating from the 1950s.The collection includes a very large collection of reference journals including fanzines, newsletters, journals, and numerous other periodicals related to the comic arts. These periodical titles focus on the history and art of comic books and comic strips, cartoonists, comic book and comic strip characters, animation, and other aspects of the comic arts and popular culture. These materials, and the hundreds of comic books and reference books donated by Dr. Inge, have been incorporated into their own individual collections.","Monday through Saturday","1973: September 28","October 6 - December 31","1974: January 1 - February 2","February 4 - 12","Monday through Saturday","1974: February 14 - March 23","Monday through Saturday","1974: March 25 - May 25","Monday through Saturday","1974: May 27 - September 7","Monday through Saturday","1974: September 9 - November 2","November 4 - December 31","1975: January 1 - 11","Monday through Saturday","1975: January 13 - April 7","Monday through Saturday","1975: April 8 - 12","April 15 - July 11","Monday through Saturday","1975: July 11 - September 24","Monday through Sunday","1975: November 17 - December 31","1976: January 1 - January 5","Monday through Saturday","1973: September 3, September 5 - 14","September 17 - 25","September 27 - 29","October 1","October 3 - 17","November 20","November 22 - December 19","December 21 - 31","1974: January 1 - March 21","Monday through Saturday","1974: March 23 - July 20","July 23 - 31","September 3 - December 31","1975: January 1 - 13","Monday through Saturday","1975: January 14 - July 11","July 14 - 30","Monday through Saturday","1974: September 4","1975: December 22 - 31","1976: January 1 - 31","1973: June 17, 24","July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Aug 5, 12, 19, 26","Sept 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Oct 7, 14, 21, 28","Nov 4, 11, 25","Dec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","1974: Jan 6, 13, 20, 27","Feb 3, 10, 17, 24","Mar 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","Apr 7, 14, 21, 28","May 12, 19, 26","June 9, 16, 23, 30","July 7, 14, 21, 28","Aug 4, 11, 18, 25","Sept 1, 8, 15, 29","Oct 6, 13, 20, 27","Nov 3, 10, 17, 24","Dec 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","1975: Jan 5, 19, 26","Feb 2, 9, 16, 23","Mar 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Apr 6, 13, 20, 27","May 4, 11, 18, 25","June 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","July 6, 13, 20, 27","Aug 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","Sept 7, 14, 21, 28","Oct 5, 12, 19, 26","Nov 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Dec 7, 14, 21, 28","1976: Jan 4, 11, 18, 25","Feb 8, 15, 22, 29","Mar 7, 14, 21, 28","Apr 4, 11, 18, 25","May 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","June 13, 20, 27","July 4, 11, 18, 25","Aug 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Sept 5, 12, 19, 26","Oct 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","Nov 7, 14, 21, 28","Dec 5, 12, 19, 26","1977: Jan 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Feb 6, 13, 20, 27","Mar 6, 13, 20, 27","Apr 3, 10, 17, 24","May 1, 8, 15,","Aug 14, 21,","Sep 4, 11, 18, 25","Oct 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Nov 6, 13, 20, 27","Dec 4, 11, 18, 25","1978: Jan 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Feb 5, 12, 19, 26","Mar 5, 12, 19, 26","Apr 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","May 7, 14, 21, 28","June 4, 11, 18","July 21, 30","Aug 6, 13, 20","Sept 3, 10, 17, 24","Oct 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Nov 5, 12, 19, 26","Dec 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","1979: Jan 7, 14, 21, 28","Feb 4, 11, 18, 25","Mar 4, 11, 18, 25","Apr 1, 8, 22, 29","May 6, 13, 20, 27","June 2, 10, 17, 24","July 1, 8, 15, 22, 29","Aug 5, 12, 19, 26","Sept 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Oct 7, 14, 21, 28","Nov 4, 11, 18, 25","Dec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","1980: Jan 13, 20, 27","Feb 3, 10, 17, 24","Mar 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Apr 6, 13, 20, 27","May 4, 11, 18, 25","June 1, 8, 15, 22","1934: Aug 19, 26","Sept 9, 16, 30","Oct 7, 14, 21, 28","Nov 4, 11, 18, 25","Dec 2, 9, 16, 23","1935: July 21","Aug 11","Sep 8, 15, 22","Oct 6, 20, 27","Nov 3, 24","Dec 1, 8, 15, 29","1936: Mar 29","May 3","Dec 6, 13, 20, 27","1937: Feb 7","Apr 18","May 2","Sept 19","Oct 17","1938: Jan 2, 9, 16, 23, 30","Special Issue: \"America at 200\"","1973: #3, 9, 11 - 12, 14 - 15, 17 - 19","1979: #24 - 36","1982: #25 - 27, 30 - 36","1983: #1 - 4, 8, 25 - 36","1984: #1 -13, 15 - 25, 27 - 28, 30 - 36","1985: #1 - 36","1986: #1 - 36","1987: #1 - 24, 34 - 36","1988: #1 - 36","1989: #1 - 33","1975: September 25 - November 15","1976: January 6 - 31","1976: May 16, 29","1977: May 22","June 5, 12, 19, 26","July 3, 10, 17, 24, 31","August 7, 28","1976: Official National Lampoon Bicentennial Calendar","Science Fiction Calendar","1979: Book of Days: Virginia Slims Engagement Calendar","1980: Karehdayva Russian Calendar","The Occult World of Doctor Strange Marvel Comics Calendar","Wretched Mess Calendar","1983: Graffiti Calendar","1989:  Hanna-Barbera 30th Birthday Calendar","1990: Skip Marrow","1992: The Neighborhood","The Far Side 1992 Desk Calendar","1993: The Far Side 1992-93 16-Month Wall Calendar","The Far Side 1993 Desk Calendar","The Ren \u0026 Stimpy Show","1996: Looney Tunes","1998: Prince Valiant: in the Days of King Arthur","1999: 100 Years of American Comics","2000: Drawn \u0026 Quarterly","Includes filmstrips, flash cards, cassettes, poster, and comic books.","Includes filmstrip, cassette, game and pieces, posters, and comic books","\"...it all started by a mouse\"","\"...nature herself writes the most interesting stories\"","\"Today we are shapers of the world of tomorrow.\"","\"Fantasy...lies beyond the reach of time\"","Includes two collector's books, first day cover stamps, and related paperwork","\"No Bout About It\" \u0026 \"Blassie, King of Men\" b/w \"U.S. Male\" \u0026 \"Pencil Neck Geek\"","100% Cotton","\"Duck Yas Yas\" b/w \"Beautiful Missouri Waltz\"","\"Wisconsin Wiggles\" b/w \"River Blues\"","The Amazing Spider-Man \u0026 his Friends"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of English -- Faculty"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of English -- Faculty","Inge, M. Thomas","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"persname_ssim":["Inge, M. Thomas","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of English -- Faculty","Inge, M. Thomas","Glasgow, Ellen Anderson Gholson, 1873-1945"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1028,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_276_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: Events, 1984-2001","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05","parent_ssim":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006","Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: Events, 1984-2001","title_ssm":["Subseries A: Events, 1984-2001"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: Events, 1984-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: Events, 1984-2001"],"text":["Subseries A: Events, 1984-2001","Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006","Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006","Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006","Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":121,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":25,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_546","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_546.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/546","title_ssm":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006"],"text":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006","M 432","/repositories/5/resources/546","Collection is open to research.","This collection is divided into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1981-2006; Series 2: Project Files, 1985-2005; Series 3: Reference Files, 1972-2005; Series 4: Press Files, 1979-2004; and Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001.","Files are arranged alphabetically by subject.","The Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance (VSDVAA) is a nonprofit agency committed to advocacy for victims of sexual and domestic abuse. Staff and volunteers collaborate with health professionals, law enforcement officers, and legislators, among other partners, in an effort to prevent and assist survivors of sexual and domestic violence. They produce a wide variety of publications, develop outreach programs, and provide training sessions to promote public awareness. Their goal is to prevent sexual and domestic violence by advancing social justice and providing individuals with the knowledge and tools to pursue healthy relationships.","The alliance was formed on October 1, 2004, when the nonprofit agencies Virginians Against Domestic Violence (VADV), founded in 1979 in Williamsburg, and Virginians Aligned Against Sexual Assault (VAASA), founded in 1980 in Charlottesville, joined together as a unified entity. The two organizations had worked together on various initiatives since the 1990s, including the VAdata Sexual and Domestic Violence Collection System created in 1996 and the Family Violence and Sexual Assault Hotline established in 1997. Their consolidation in 2004 was led by co-directors of VADV, Kristi Van Audenhove and Ruth Micklem, and the director of VAASA, Jeanine Bieber.","The Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Alliance records primarily consist of materials generated and collected by its predecessor organization, VADV. These records document the VADV's and VSDVAA's day-to-day operations, public programs, and advocacy activities, and research on the issues of domestic and sexual violence and related topics.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1981-2006. This series contains records created by VADV and VSDVAA that document the operational functions of the organizations. Materials include bylaws, mission statements, reports, plans, correspondence, financial documents, job descriptions, and materials documenting the organization's history.","Series 2: Project Files, 1985-2005. This series consists of materials generated by VADV and VSDVAA in the course of completing various projects, including creating and administering public programs and outreach activities. Materials found in this series include brochures, fact sheets, guides, newsletters, fliers, reports, notes, programs, and invitations.","Series 3: Reference Files, 1972-2005. The materials in this series consist of brochures, booklets, guides, reports, newsletters, articles, notes, and advertising materials collected by VADV and VSDVAA, many published by other agencies. These materials address domestic and sexual violence and a wide variety of related topics including emotional abuse, substance abuse, child care, available resources, legislation, victim's rights, household management, and personal finance.","Series 4: Press Files, 1979-2004. This series contains newspaper clippings of articles concerning domestic and sexual violence, particularly in Virginia, as well as a scrapbook of clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the activities of VADV from 1979 to 1988. Also found in this series are a certificate and proclamation announcing observance of Domestic Violence Awareness Month in 1992 and 1998, respectively, and a program for the YWCA Outstanding Women Awards at which a member of the VADV board was recognized.","Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001. Materials in this series included photographic prints, negatives, and inkjet-printed photographs that document major events, conferences, training sessions, retreats, and special projects.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Micklem, Ruth","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, 1972/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 432","/repositories/5/resources/546"],"unitid_tesim":["M 432","/repositories/5/resources/546"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Micklem, Ruth"],"creator_ssim":["Micklem, Ruth"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Micklem, Ruth"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"creators_ssim":["Micklem, Ruth","VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance in 2007."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.35 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["8.35 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1981-2006; Series 2: Project Files, 1985-2005; Series 3: Reference Files, 1972-2005; Series 4: Press Files, 1979-2004; and Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Files are arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1981-2006; Series 2: Project Files, 1985-2005; Series 3: Reference Files, 1972-2005; Series 4: Press Files, 1979-2004; and Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001.","Files are arranged alphabetically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance (VSDVAA) is a nonprofit agency committed to advocacy for victims of sexual and domestic abuse. Staff and volunteers collaborate with health professionals, law enforcement officers, and legislators, among other partners, in an effort to prevent and assist survivors of sexual and domestic violence. They produce a wide variety of publications, develop outreach programs, and provide training sessions to promote public awareness. Their goal is to prevent sexual and domestic violence by advancing social justice and providing individuals with the knowledge and tools to pursue healthy relationships. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe alliance was formed on October 1, 2004, when the nonprofit agencies Virginians Against Domestic Violence (VADV), founded in 1979 in Williamsburg, and Virginians Aligned Against Sexual Assault (VAASA), founded in 1980 in Charlottesville, joined together as a unified entity. The two organizations had worked together on various initiatives since the 1990s, including the VAdata Sexual and Domestic Violence Collection System created in 1996 and the Family Violence and Sexual Assault Hotline established in 1997. Their consolidation in 2004 was led by co-directors of VADV, Kristi Van Audenhove and Ruth Micklem, and the director of VAASA, Jeanine Bieber.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance (VSDVAA) is a nonprofit agency committed to advocacy for victims of sexual and domestic abuse. Staff and volunteers collaborate with health professionals, law enforcement officers, and legislators, among other partners, in an effort to prevent and assist survivors of sexual and domestic violence. They produce a wide variety of publications, develop outreach programs, and provide training sessions to promote public awareness. Their goal is to prevent sexual and domestic violence by advancing social justice and providing individuals with the knowledge and tools to pursue healthy relationships.","The alliance was formed on October 1, 2004, when the nonprofit agencies Virginians Against Domestic Violence (VADV), founded in 1979 in Williamsburg, and Virginians Aligned Against Sexual Assault (VAASA), founded in 1980 in Charlottesville, joined together as a unified entity. The two organizations had worked together on various initiatives since the 1990s, including the VAdata Sexual and Domestic Violence Collection System created in 1996 and the Family Violence and Sexual Assault Hotline established in 1997. Their consolidation in 2004 was led by co-directors of VADV, Kristi Van Audenhove and Ruth Micklem, and the director of VAASA, Jeanine Bieber."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, M 432, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance records, M 432, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Alliance records primarily consist of materials generated and collected by its predecessor organization, VADV. These records document the VADV's and VSDVAA's day-to-day operations, public programs, and advocacy activities, and research on the issues of domestic and sexual violence and related topics. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Administrative Files, 1981-2006. This series contains records created by VADV and VSDVAA that document the operational functions of the organizations. Materials include bylaws, mission statements, reports, plans, correspondence, financial documents, job descriptions, and materials documenting the organization's history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Project Files, 1985-2005. This series consists of materials generated by VADV and VSDVAA in the course of completing various projects, including creating and administering public programs and outreach activities. Materials found in this series include brochures, fact sheets, guides, newsletters, fliers, reports, notes, programs, and invitations. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: Reference Files, 1972-2005. The materials in this series consist of brochures, booklets, guides, reports, newsletters, articles, notes, and advertising materials collected by VADV and VSDVAA, many published by other agencies. These materials address domestic and sexual violence and a wide variety of related topics including emotional abuse, substance abuse, child care, available resources, legislation, victim's rights, household management, and personal finance. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Files, 1979-2004. This series contains newspaper clippings of articles concerning domestic and sexual violence, particularly in Virginia, as well as a scrapbook of clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the activities of VADV from 1979 to 1988. Also found in this series are a certificate and proclamation announcing observance of Domestic Violence Awareness Month in 1992 and 1998, respectively, and a program for the YWCA Outstanding Women Awards at which a member of the VADV board was recognized. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001. Materials in this series included photographic prints, negatives, and inkjet-printed photographs that document major events, conferences, training sessions, retreats, and special projects.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Alliance records primarily consist of materials generated and collected by its predecessor organization, VADV. These records document the VADV's and VSDVAA's day-to-day operations, public programs, and advocacy activities, and research on the issues of domestic and sexual violence and related topics.","Series 1: Administrative Files, 1981-2006. This series contains records created by VADV and VSDVAA that document the operational functions of the organizations. Materials include bylaws, mission statements, reports, plans, correspondence, financial documents, job descriptions, and materials documenting the organization's history.","Series 2: Project Files, 1985-2005. This series consists of materials generated by VADV and VSDVAA in the course of completing various projects, including creating and administering public programs and outreach activities. Materials found in this series include brochures, fact sheets, guides, newsletters, fliers, reports, notes, programs, and invitations.","Series 3: Reference Files, 1972-2005. The materials in this series consist of brochures, booklets, guides, reports, newsletters, articles, notes, and advertising materials collected by VADV and VSDVAA, many published by other agencies. These materials address domestic and sexual violence and a wide variety of related topics including emotional abuse, substance abuse, child care, available resources, legislation, victim's rights, household management, and personal finance.","Series 4: Press Files, 1979-2004. This series contains newspaper clippings of articles concerning domestic and sexual violence, particularly in Virginia, as well as a scrapbook of clippings, photographs, and other materials documenting the activities of VADV from 1979 to 1988. Also found in this series are a certificate and proclamation announcing observance of Domestic Violence Awareness Month in 1992 and 1998, respectively, and a program for the YWCA Outstanding Women Awards at which a member of the VADV board was recognized.","Series 5: Photographic Materials, circa 1983-2001. Materials in this series included photographic prints, negatives, and inkjet-printed photographs that document major events, conferences, training sessions, retreats, and special projects."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"persname_ssim":["Micklem, Ruth"],"names_coll_ssim":["Micklem, Ruth"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Micklem, Ruth"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":192,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_546_c05_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: Lecture Notes, Thesis Work","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01","parent_ssim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series I: College Materials"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: Lecture Notes, Thesis Work","title_ssm":["Subseries A: Lecture Notes, Thesis Work"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: Lecture Notes, Thesis Work"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: Lecture Notes, Thesis Work"],"text":["Subseries A: Lecture Notes, Thesis Work","William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series I: College Materials","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series I: College Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series I: College Materials"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None"],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sanger, William T., papers","title_ssm":["William T. Sanger papers"],"title_tesim":["William T. Sanger papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"text":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","T83.Jul.12","/repositories/3/resources/579","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials are arranged by subject and chronologically therein.","The collection is organized into seven series: \nSeries I: College Materials, Series II: Correspondence, Series III: Writings, Series IV: Medical College of Virginia, Series V: Avocations, Series VI: Miscellany, Series VII: Addendum.","William Thomas Sanger, the son of Samuel F. and Susan Thomas Sanger, was born on September 16, 1885 in Bridgewater, (Rockingham County) Virginia where he attended primary school at the academy associated with Bridgewater College until 1896.","The economic depression of the 1890s hit the Bridgewater area quite hard and the inability of Samuel Sanger to earn a living for his large family compelled him to take a salaried position with the Southern Railroad Company. The new job meant a move to Calverton, Virginia, where the family lived only one year before moving again to the larger community of Manassas, located about thirty miles south of Washington, D.C.","Tragically, the year 1898 ended with the death of Susan T. Sanger, and by the end of 1899 the family found themselves with a \"new mother,\" actually the third wife of Samuel, his first wife having died years earlier leaving him with their one daughter. Shortly after the death of his first wife Samuel married Susan Thomas and the family was quickly increased to include William and his three sisters. Dr. Sanger notes in his 1971 autobiography, As I Remember, that his family was so well integrated that his half-sister never knew she was born to another mother until she was eventually told much later.","A few months after the third marriage, the Sanger family was again uprooted when Samuel announced the big move to South Bend, Indiana where he had accepted the position of traveling secretary of the Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren. Samuel Sanger was a minister of the Church, holding its highest rank; however, since in those days no salary was paid to the Brethren clergy, cash income had to be sought elsewhere.","It is interesting to note that frequent moves of the family home was quite unusual in American culture at this time. Dr. Sanger's early experiences with such a variety of horizons certainly added to his future skills as expansive orator and visionary.","William Sanger returned to his Bridgewater roots to attend Bridgewater College in 1906 after graduating from South Bend High School in Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree quickly and by 1909 was once again in Indiana to work on his Master of Arts degree in psychology which he earned in 1910 from that state's university. After receiving his M.A. Sanger retraced his steps yet again to begin his teaching career at his Bridgewater alma mater.","The years 1910 through 1920 were busy ones for Sanger in his personal life and educational growth. These years also mark the start of his lifelong commitment to teaching. The appointment to the faculty at Bridgewater began Sanger's experience teaching a variety of subjects including English writing, history, philosophy, and Greek psychology. During the summer of 1911 Sanger did graduate work in psychology and Physiology at Columbia University.","He resumed his teaching duties at Bridgewater College during the academic year 1911-1912 and by the fall of 1912 Sanger had enrolled at Clark University to begin his dissertation work on the subject of senescence under the famed psychologist G. Stanley Hall with whom he developed a fast friendship. The summer of 1913 and 1914 were spent teaching at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, as it was then known, while the academic year 1913-1914 was spent at Clark working on the dissertation. During the summer of 1913 Sanger married Sylvia Gray Burns whom he met while both were attending Bridgewater College. The academic year 1914-1915 brought Sanger's return to Bridgewater College and by the spring of 1915 he had returned to Clark University alone, leaving Sylvia working as a housemother at the college in Bridgewater. Sanger finished his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1915. The academic year 1915-1916 brought Dr. Sanger back to Bridgewater College to resume his teaching duties.","The Sangers moved to Harrisonburg in 1917, where for two years Sanger acted as dean and head of the education department of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonbrug (now James Madison University).","During the summer of 1920, the Sangers took a trip to California to visit Sanger's parents who had yet to see their grandson, Julian (born in the spring of 1918). Sanger took opportunity to teach graduate school at the University of Utah during this extended vacation. In fall of 1920 he returned to Bridgewater College to resume his liberal arts teaching responsibilities despite the offer an attractive position in the department of education at the University of Utah.","The Sangers moved to Richmond in 1921 after Sanger accepted the first full-time position as executive secretary of the Virginia State Teachers' Association where his duties included editing The Virginia Journal of Education, the official publication of the association. The summers of 1921 and 1922 were spent teaching at the University of Virginia.","By 1922 Sanger had accepted an administration position with the State Board of Education where he remained until 1925 when he was chosen to fill the role as the first full-time president of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).","As the history of the growth of MCV demonstrates, Sanger led the medical school through over thirty years of tremendous growth both in reputation and capacity and its standing among medical schools in the southeast was due chiefly to his broad vision during the first half of the twentieth century. Sanger's retirement in 1956 marked the end of an era for the school. The position of chancellor was created for Sanger so he could continue in the capacity of advisor to the school. He remained active in the affairs of the College until his death in 1975 at the age of 89.","The majority of the Sanger papers are devoted to the period prior to his assumption of duties as president of the Medical College of Virginia.","Series I contains Sanger's college lecture materials; notes taken when he was a student at Bridgewater College, Clark and Columbia University. Series I also contains the hand and typewritten notes and research of Sanger's dissertation on the subject of senescence which he studied under G. Stanley Hall.","Series II consists of personal and professional correspondence; the bulk of which concerns Sanger's unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (later known as the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, and currently as James Madison University) in the summer of 1919.","Series III contains Sanger's hand and typewritten notes and drafts of speeches on a variety of topics related to education and the responsibilities of educators in Virginia dating from the early 1930s through the span of his career. The drafts for Sanger's two books As I Remember, an autobiography of his life and career, and MCV Before 1925, an early history of MCV, are also included in this series.","Series IV consists of a variety of information concerning MCV including block plots and tax assessments of the college area in 1940 as well as information detailing the gala affair held in 1950 honoring Sanger's twenty-five years as President of the College.","Series V deals with Sanger's avocations outside of the educational field. The collection holds information on Sanger's partnership with a Bridgewater College colleague, Dr. Paul Bowman, in the Ridgeway Orchard in southwestern Virginia during the 1920s. Also, the records of the purchase and upkeep of Sylvia Burns Sanger's family farm in Burnsville, Virginia is included, dating from the 1940s to the early 1970s. Sanger's passion for gardening is evident in the collection of correspondence and publications found in this series.","Series VI is entitled miscellany because it contains a variety of material including some biographical data on Sanger, personal items such as postcards and notes Sanger collected over the years, personal photographs of the Sanger family from the early years as well as a great number of photographs taken on important occasion throughout Sanger's professional career. The photographs in the Sanger collection are particularly interesting. This series also holds the newspapers and clippings Sanger collected over the years 1910-1970. The clipping collection includes the local obituary notices at the time of Sanger's death in 1975. Series VI contains a variety of publications dealing with the field of education and the publications of the Medical College of Virginia. Sanger's many honorary diplomas, his high school diploma from South Bend High School, Indiana in 1906 are included in this series.","Series VII consists of additional papers donated to the archives. In addition to some photographs, correspondence and materials relating to MCV, the addendum contains the notes of two works Sanger was researching at the time of his death. This first contains handwritten biographical sketches of MCV historical figures; the second contains drafts of a work on the homes of Virginia born presidents.","Article by Robert Barton, member of the Board of Visitors","The Anatomist,Peyton,and Only a Dream.","Harrisonburg, VA","Harrisonburg, VA","South Bend, IN","Publication of Bridgewater College. v. 7 nos. 6-9, 1903; v.8 nos.4-6, 1904; v.11 nos.1-9, 1906-07; v.10 nos.1-9, 1907-1908; v.11 nos.1-9, 1908-09; v.14 no.6 1910; v.22 no.5, 1918, v.24 no. 9, 1920; v.25 no.7, 1921; Graduation Volume, 1921","diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary degree","honorary degree","written 1972-1974","miscellaneous notes and correspondence","correspondence, inaugural invitation","Sanger's inauguration and retirement periods","Report of Senior-Freshman Classes of Medicine","program, speeches, correspondence","correspondence","vitae, sketches","clippings","Cabaniss Hall, Nelson Clinic, E.G. Williams Hospital. Lyons Building, Hunton Hall, Larrick Center, Tompkins-McCaw Library (construction), Nursing Education Building, Harold West, John Cullen, Richard Lafon Bohannon, Augustus Warner, Lewis Webb Chamberlayne, Socrates Maupin","notes, correspondence","draft","photographs of presidents","photographs of Monticello","photographs of homes","photographs of Mount Vernon","articles, publicity publications","notes, correspondence drafts","book by Burgess","None","VCU Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"collection_ssim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["T83.Jul.12","/repositories/3/resources/579"],"unitid_tesim":["T83.Jul.12","/repositories/3/resources/579"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["None"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.08 Linear Feet 24 doc cases"],"extent_tesim":["10.08 Linear Feet 24 doc cases"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged by subject and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into seven series: \nSeries I: College Materials, Series II: Correspondence, Series III: Writings, Series IV: Medical College of Virginia, Series V: Avocations, Series VI: Miscellany, Series VII: Addendum.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged by subject and chronologically therein.","The collection is organized into seven series: \nSeries I: College Materials, Series II: Correspondence, Series III: Writings, Series IV: Medical College of Virginia, Series V: Avocations, Series VI: Miscellany, Series VII: Addendum."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Thomas Sanger, the son of Samuel F. and Susan Thomas Sanger, was born on September 16, 1885 in Bridgewater, (Rockingham County) Virginia where he attended primary school at the academy associated with Bridgewater College until 1896.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe economic depression of the 1890s hit the Bridgewater area quite hard and the inability of Samuel Sanger to earn a living for his large family compelled him to take a salaried position with the Southern Railroad Company. The new job meant a move to Calverton, Virginia, where the family lived only one year before moving again to the larger community of Manassas, located about thirty miles south of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTragically, the year 1898 ended with the death of Susan T. Sanger, and by the end of 1899 the family found themselves with a \"new mother,\" actually the third wife of Samuel, his first wife having died years earlier leaving him with their one daughter. Shortly after the death of his first wife Samuel married Susan Thomas and the family was quickly increased to include William and his three sisters. Dr. Sanger notes in his 1971 autobiography, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAs I Remember\u003c/title\u003e, that his family was so well integrated that his half-sister never knew she was born to another mother until she was eventually told much later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few months after the third marriage, the Sanger family was again uprooted when Samuel announced the big move to South Bend, Indiana where he had accepted the position of traveling secretary of the Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren. Samuel Sanger was a minister of the Church, holding its highest rank; however, since in those days no salary was paid to the Brethren clergy, cash income had to be sought elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is interesting to note that frequent moves of the family home was quite unusual in American culture at this time. Dr. Sanger's early experiences with such a variety of horizons certainly added to his future skills as expansive orator and visionary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Sanger returned to his Bridgewater roots to attend Bridgewater College in 1906 after graduating from South Bend High School in Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree quickly and by 1909 was once again in Indiana to work on his Master of Arts degree in psychology which he earned in 1910 from that state's university. After receiving his M.A. Sanger retraced his steps yet again to begin his teaching career at his Bridgewater alma mater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe years 1910 through 1920 were busy ones for Sanger in his personal life and educational growth. These years also mark the start of his lifelong commitment to teaching. The appointment to the faculty at Bridgewater began Sanger's experience teaching a variety of subjects including English writing, history, philosophy, and Greek psychology. During the summer of 1911 Sanger did graduate work in psychology and Physiology at Columbia University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe resumed his teaching duties at Bridgewater College during the academic year 1911-1912 and by the fall of 1912 Sanger had enrolled at Clark University to begin his dissertation work on the subject of senescence under the famed psychologist G. Stanley Hall with whom he developed a fast friendship. The summer of 1913 and 1914 were spent teaching at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, as it was then known, while the academic year 1913-1914 was spent at Clark working on the dissertation. During the summer of 1913 Sanger married Sylvia Gray Burns whom he met while both were attending Bridgewater College. The academic year 1914-1915 brought Sanger's return to Bridgewater College and by the spring of 1915 he had returned to Clark University alone, leaving Sylvia working as a housemother at the college in Bridgewater. Sanger finished his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1915. The academic year 1915-1916 brought Dr. Sanger back to Bridgewater College to resume his teaching duties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Sangers moved to Harrisonburg in 1917, where for two years Sanger acted as dean and head of the education department of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonbrug (now James Madison University).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer of 1920, the Sangers took a trip to California to visit Sanger's parents who had yet to see their grandson, Julian (born in the spring of 1918). Sanger took opportunity to teach graduate school at the University of Utah during this extended vacation. In fall of 1920 he returned to Bridgewater College to resume his liberal arts teaching responsibilities despite the offer an attractive position in the department of education at the University of Utah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Sangers moved to Richmond in 1921 after Sanger accepted the first full-time position as executive secretary of the Virginia State Teachers' Association where his duties included editing \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Virginia Journal of Education,\u003c/title\u003e the official publication of the association. The summers of 1921 and 1922 were spent teaching at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1922 Sanger had accepted an administration position with the State Board of Education where he remained until 1925 when he was chosen to fill the role as the first full-time president of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the history of the growth of MCV demonstrates, Sanger led the medical school through over thirty years of tremendous growth both in reputation and capacity and its standing among medical schools in the southeast was due chiefly to his broad vision during the first half of the twentieth century. Sanger's retirement in 1956 marked the end of an era for the school. The position of chancellor was created for Sanger so he could continue in the capacity of advisor to the school. He remained active in the affairs of the College until his death in 1975 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Thomas Sanger, the son of Samuel F. and Susan Thomas Sanger, was born on September 16, 1885 in Bridgewater, (Rockingham County) Virginia where he attended primary school at the academy associated with Bridgewater College until 1896.","The economic depression of the 1890s hit the Bridgewater area quite hard and the inability of Samuel Sanger to earn a living for his large family compelled him to take a salaried position with the Southern Railroad Company. The new job meant a move to Calverton, Virginia, where the family lived only one year before moving again to the larger community of Manassas, located about thirty miles south of Washington, D.C.","Tragically, the year 1898 ended with the death of Susan T. Sanger, and by the end of 1899 the family found themselves with a \"new mother,\" actually the third wife of Samuel, his first wife having died years earlier leaving him with their one daughter. Shortly after the death of his first wife Samuel married Susan Thomas and the family was quickly increased to include William and his three sisters. Dr. Sanger notes in his 1971 autobiography, As I Remember, that his family was so well integrated that his half-sister never knew she was born to another mother until she was eventually told much later.","A few months after the third marriage, the Sanger family was again uprooted when Samuel announced the big move to South Bend, Indiana where he had accepted the position of traveling secretary of the Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren. Samuel Sanger was a minister of the Church, holding its highest rank; however, since in those days no salary was paid to the Brethren clergy, cash income had to be sought elsewhere.","It is interesting to note that frequent moves of the family home was quite unusual in American culture at this time. Dr. Sanger's early experiences with such a variety of horizons certainly added to his future skills as expansive orator and visionary.","William Sanger returned to his Bridgewater roots to attend Bridgewater College in 1906 after graduating from South Bend High School in Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree quickly and by 1909 was once again in Indiana to work on his Master of Arts degree in psychology which he earned in 1910 from that state's university. After receiving his M.A. Sanger retraced his steps yet again to begin his teaching career at his Bridgewater alma mater.","The years 1910 through 1920 were busy ones for Sanger in his personal life and educational growth. These years also mark the start of his lifelong commitment to teaching. The appointment to the faculty at Bridgewater began Sanger's experience teaching a variety of subjects including English writing, history, philosophy, and Greek psychology. During the summer of 1911 Sanger did graduate work in psychology and Physiology at Columbia University.","He resumed his teaching duties at Bridgewater College during the academic year 1911-1912 and by the fall of 1912 Sanger had enrolled at Clark University to begin his dissertation work on the subject of senescence under the famed psychologist G. Stanley Hall with whom he developed a fast friendship. The summer of 1913 and 1914 were spent teaching at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, as it was then known, while the academic year 1913-1914 was spent at Clark working on the dissertation. During the summer of 1913 Sanger married Sylvia Gray Burns whom he met while both were attending Bridgewater College. The academic year 1914-1915 brought Sanger's return to Bridgewater College and by the spring of 1915 he had returned to Clark University alone, leaving Sylvia working as a housemother at the college in Bridgewater. Sanger finished his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1915. The academic year 1915-1916 brought Dr. Sanger back to Bridgewater College to resume his teaching duties.","The Sangers moved to Harrisonburg in 1917, where for two years Sanger acted as dean and head of the education department of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonbrug (now James Madison University).","During the summer of 1920, the Sangers took a trip to California to visit Sanger's parents who had yet to see their grandson, Julian (born in the spring of 1918). Sanger took opportunity to teach graduate school at the University of Utah during this extended vacation. In fall of 1920 he returned to Bridgewater College to resume his liberal arts teaching responsibilities despite the offer an attractive position in the department of education at the University of Utah.","The Sangers moved to Richmond in 1921 after Sanger accepted the first full-time position as executive secretary of the Virginia State Teachers' Association where his duties included editing The Virginia Journal of Education, the official publication of the association. The summers of 1921 and 1922 were spent teaching at the University of Virginia.","By 1922 Sanger had accepted an administration position with the State Board of Education where he remained until 1925 when he was chosen to fill the role as the first full-time president of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).","As the history of the growth of MCV demonstrates, Sanger led the medical school through over thirty years of tremendous growth both in reputation and capacity and its standing among medical schools in the southeast was due chiefly to his broad vision during the first half of the twentieth century. Sanger's retirement in 1956 marked the end of an era for the school. The position of chancellor was created for Sanger so he could continue in the capacity of advisor to the school. He remained active in the affairs of the College until his death in 1975 at the age of 89."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox-folder, Papers of William T. Sanger, T83/Jul/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box-folder, Papers of William T. Sanger, T83/Jul/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Sanger papers are devoted to the period prior to his assumption of duties as president of the Medical College of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I contains Sanger's college lecture materials; notes taken when he was a student at Bridgewater College, Clark and Columbia University. Series I also contains the hand and typewritten notes and research of Sanger's dissertation on the subject of senescence which he studied under G. Stanley Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II consists of personal and professional correspondence; the bulk of which concerns Sanger's unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (later known as the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, and currently as James Madison University) in the summer of 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III contains Sanger's hand and typewritten notes and drafts of speeches on a variety of topics related to education and the responsibilities of educators in Virginia dating from the early 1930s through the span of his career. The drafts for Sanger's two books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAs I Remember\u003c/title\u003e, an autobiography of his life and career, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eMCV Before 1925\u003c/title\u003e, an early history of MCV, are also included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV consists of a variety of information concerning MCV including block plots and tax assessments of the college area in 1940 as well as information detailing the gala affair held in 1950 honoring Sanger's twenty-five years as President of the College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V deals with Sanger's avocations outside of the educational field. The collection holds information on Sanger's partnership with a Bridgewater College colleague, Dr. Paul Bowman, in the Ridgeway Orchard in southwestern Virginia during the 1920s. Also, the records of the purchase and upkeep of Sylvia Burns Sanger's family farm in Burnsville, Virginia is included, dating from the 1940s to the early 1970s. Sanger's passion for gardening is evident in the collection of correspondence and publications found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI is entitled miscellany because it contains a variety of material including some biographical data on Sanger, personal items such as postcards and notes Sanger collected over the years, personal photographs of the Sanger family from the early years as well as a great number of photographs taken on important occasion throughout Sanger's professional career. The photographs in the Sanger collection are particularly interesting. This series also holds the newspapers and clippings Sanger collected over the years 1910-1970. The clipping collection includes the local obituary notices at the time of Sanger's death in 1975. Series VI contains a variety of publications dealing with the field of education and the publications of the Medical College of Virginia. Sanger's many honorary diplomas, his high school diploma from South Bend High School, Indiana in 1906 are included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII consists of additional papers donated to the archives. In addition to some photographs, correspondence and materials relating to MCV, the addendum contains the notes of two works Sanger was researching at the time of his death. This first contains handwritten biographical sketches of MCV historical figures; the second contains drafts of a work on the homes of Virginia born presidents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eArticle by Robert Barton, member of the Board of Visitors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Anatomist,\u003c/title\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003ePeyton,\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eOnly a Dream.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSouth Bend, IN\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublication of Bridgewater College. v. 7 nos. 6-9, 1903; v.8 nos.4-6, 1904; v.11 nos.1-9, 1906-07; v.10 nos.1-9, 1907-1908; v.11 nos.1-9, 1908-09; v.14 no.6 1910; v.22 no.5, 1918, v.24 no. 9, 1920; v.25 no.7, 1921; Graduation Volume, 1921\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary diploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary diploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary diploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary degree\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary degree\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewritten 1972-1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003emiscellaneous notes and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, inaugural invitation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSanger's inauguration and retirement periods\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Senior-Freshman Classes of Medicine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eprogram, speeches, correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003evitae, sketches\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eclippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCabaniss Hall, Nelson Clinic, E.G. Williams Hospital. Lyons Building, Hunton Hall, Larrick Center, Tompkins-McCaw Library (construction), Nursing Education Building, Harold West, John Cullen, Richard Lafon Bohannon, Augustus Warner, Lewis Webb Chamberlayne, Socrates Maupin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes, correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003edraft\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of presidents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of Monticello\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of homes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of Mount Vernon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticles, publicity publications\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes, correspondence drafts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ebook by Burgess\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of the Sanger papers are devoted to the period prior to his assumption of duties as president of the Medical College of Virginia.","Series I contains Sanger's college lecture materials; notes taken when he was a student at Bridgewater College, Clark and Columbia University. Series I also contains the hand and typewritten notes and research of Sanger's dissertation on the subject of senescence which he studied under G. Stanley Hall.","Series II consists of personal and professional correspondence; the bulk of which concerns Sanger's unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (later known as the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, and currently as James Madison University) in the summer of 1919.","Series III contains Sanger's hand and typewritten notes and drafts of speeches on a variety of topics related to education and the responsibilities of educators in Virginia dating from the early 1930s through the span of his career. The drafts for Sanger's two books As I Remember, an autobiography of his life and career, and MCV Before 1925, an early history of MCV, are also included in this series.","Series IV consists of a variety of information concerning MCV including block plots and tax assessments of the college area in 1940 as well as information detailing the gala affair held in 1950 honoring Sanger's twenty-five years as President of the College.","Series V deals with Sanger's avocations outside of the educational field. The collection holds information on Sanger's partnership with a Bridgewater College colleague, Dr. Paul Bowman, in the Ridgeway Orchard in southwestern Virginia during the 1920s. Also, the records of the purchase and upkeep of Sylvia Burns Sanger's family farm in Burnsville, Virginia is included, dating from the 1940s to the early 1970s. Sanger's passion for gardening is evident in the collection of correspondence and publications found in this series.","Series VI is entitled miscellany because it contains a variety of material including some biographical data on Sanger, personal items such as postcards and notes Sanger collected over the years, personal photographs of the Sanger family from the early years as well as a great number of photographs taken on important occasion throughout Sanger's professional career. The photographs in the Sanger collection are particularly interesting. This series also holds the newspapers and clippings Sanger collected over the years 1910-1970. The clipping collection includes the local obituary notices at the time of Sanger's death in 1975. Series VI contains a variety of publications dealing with the field of education and the publications of the Medical College of Virginia. Sanger's many honorary diplomas, his high school diploma from South Bend High School, Indiana in 1906 are included in this series.","Series VII consists of additional papers donated to the archives. In addition to some photographs, correspondence and materials relating to MCV, the addendum contains the notes of two works Sanger was researching at the time of his death. This first contains handwritten biographical sketches of MCV historical figures; the second contains drafts of a work on the homes of Virginia born presidents.","Article by Robert Barton, member of the Board of Visitors","The Anatomist,Peyton,and Only a Dream.","Harrisonburg, VA","Harrisonburg, VA","South Bend, IN","Publication of Bridgewater College. v. 7 nos. 6-9, 1903; v.8 nos.4-6, 1904; v.11 nos.1-9, 1906-07; v.10 nos.1-9, 1907-1908; v.11 nos.1-9, 1908-09; v.14 no.6 1910; v.22 no.5, 1918, v.24 no. 9, 1920; v.25 no.7, 1921; Graduation Volume, 1921","diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary degree","honorary degree","written 1972-1974","miscellaneous notes and correspondence","correspondence, inaugural invitation","Sanger's inauguration and retirement periods","Report of Senior-Freshman Classes of Medicine","program, speeches, correspondence","correspondence","vitae, sketches","clippings","Cabaniss Hall, Nelson Clinic, E.G. Williams Hospital. Lyons Building, Hunton Hall, Larrick Center, Tompkins-McCaw Library (construction), Nursing Education Building, Harold West, John Cullen, Richard Lafon Bohannon, Augustus Warner, Lewis Webb Chamberlayne, Socrates Maupin","notes, correspondence","draft","photographs of presidents","photographs of Monticello","photographs of homes","photographs of Mount Vernon","articles, publicity publications","notes, correspondence drafts","book by Burgess"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: Memorabilia","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04","parent_ssim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976","Series IV: Miscellany"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: Memorabilia","title_ssm":["Subseries A: Memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: Memorabilia"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: Memorabilia"],"text":["Subseries A: Memorabilia","Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976","Series IV: Miscellany"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976","Series IV: Miscellany"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976","Series IV: Miscellany"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":93,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_335","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_335.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-tm/vircuh00010.xml;query=pastore;brand=default","title_filing_ssi":"Pastore, Peter Nicholas, M.D.","title_ssm":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D."],"title_tesim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D."],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976"],"text":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976","88.Mar.11","/repositories/3/resources/335","Physicians -- Virginia -- Richmond","Physicians -- Virginia.","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","The Pastore Collection, accession number 88/Mar/11, is an amalgamation of several different accessions. Included in 88/Mar/11 are the accessions 82/Jun/33 (reprints), 82/Jun/42 (reprints and programs) and 82/Sep/57 (ENT staff photographs).","The bulk of the collection was arranged much as it was found, (with the exception of the additions of the accessions noted above) some preliminary organization began when the collection was initially received.","Series I - III, V were organized alphabetically and chronologically. The Series IV was arranged according to subject matter.","The collection is arranged in sequence with the exception of Box 10, which contains oversized documents belonging to Series III. Series IV begins in Box 9 and is continued in Box 11.","Organization\n      Series I: Writings (1938-1970)\n      Subseries A: Articles, presentations\n      Subseries B: Quinine Thesis Materials\n      Series II: Professional Organizations (1950-1970)\n      Series III: Medical College of Virginia (1942-1968)\n      Series IV: Miscellany (1924-1980)\n      Subseries A: Memorabilia\n      Subseries B: Pastore Reprints\n      Subseries C: General Reprints\n      Subseries D: Publications\n      Subseries E: Clippings\n      Series V: Photographs","Peter Nicholas Pastore was born November 8, 1907 in Bluefield, West Virginia. He attended Bluefield College receiving a Certificate of Proficiency in 1928. He continued his education at the University of Richmond, Virginia where he received his BA degree in 1930; in 1934 he received his MD degree from the Medical College of Virginia. Dr. Pastore continued his medical education at the Mayo Clinic, University of Minnesota, receiving his MS degree in 1939.","In 1942, Dr. Pastore returned to Richmond to head the Department of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology at MCV. He continued at MCV in this capacity until 1976.","Dr. Pastore married Julia Ann Rourke, in 1939. They had five children: Anna, Julie, Mary, Peter N. and Louis, M.D. (deceased).","After his retirement from active practice, Dr. Pastore has devoted much of his time to the historical collections in the Special Collections and Archives Department at the Tompkins-McCaw Library. In 1981, he became Scholar-in-Residence at the Tompkins-McCaw Library and devoted his efforts to fundraising and developing the Medical Artifacts Collection. Dr. Pastore died on September 16, 1989.","Collection processed in March 1988.","Series I: Contains Dr. Pastore's written materials. Subseries A consists of the notes and drafts of articles and presentations written from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Some of the presentations and articles have photographs and medical illustrations. There is some correspondence. Subseries B consists of the research conducted on, notes, photographs, correspondence pertaining to, and drafts of, Dr. Pastore's thesis entitled \"Effect of Quinine on Hearing\" begun in 1937-38 to fulfill the requirements for Master of Science degree in Otolaryngology and Rhinology from the Mayo Clinic, University of Minnesota in Rochester (conferred December 1939).","Series II: Contains correspondence with and information on various medical and business orgainization. Dates range from the late 1950s to the early 1980s.","Series III: Contains some correspondence and information from Dr. Pastore's tenure as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, Medical College of Virginia, 1942-1976; including the search for Dean of the School of Medicine, 1956. The majority of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1970s and focuses on the development of the Otolaryngology Department. Applications for internships in Otolaryngology from the 1930s to the 1970s are present. Also, the series contains some information on area ENT physicians and former residents as well as other MCV ENT memorabilia.","Series IV: Subseries A contains personal memorabilia. Biographical information is contained in Dr. Pastore's current curriculum vitae in this series. Photostats of Dr. Pastore's many certificates and diplomas are present as are a few notable items such as Dr. Pastore's original application and letter of acceptance to an internship at MCV, 1934. Subseries B contains all of Dr. Pastore's medical article reprints. Subseries C and D are general medical reprints and publications. Subseries E contains clippings collected over a thirty year period, 1950 - 1980.","Series V: Photographs. Miscellaneous photographs of Otolarygology Dept. MCV, ENT staff photos, Drs. Charles and William Mayo, some photographs of individuals and family.Peter N. Pastore, M.D. Collection","There are no restrictions.","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia. Department of Otolaryngology","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae","Pastore, Peter N. (Peter Nicholas), 1907-1989","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 1934/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["88.Mar.11","/repositories/3/resources/335"],"unitid_tesim":["88.Mar.11","/repositories/3/resources/335"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pastore, Peter N. (Peter Nicholas), 1907-1989"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia. Department of Otolaryngology","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae"],"creators_ssim":["Pastore, Peter N. (Peter Nicholas), 1907-1989","VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia. Department of Otolaryngology","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection was given to the department by Dr. Peter N. Pastore."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Physicians -- Virginia -- Richmond","Physicians -- Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Physicians -- Virginia -- Richmond","Physicians -- Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Pastore Collection, accession number 88/Mar/11, is an amalgamation of several different accessions. Included in 88/Mar/11 are the accessions 82/Jun/33 (reprints), 82/Jun/42 (reprints and programs) and 82/Sep/57 (ENT staff photographs).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection was arranged much as it was found, (with the exception of the additions of the accessions noted above) some preliminary organization began when the collection was initially received.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I - III, V were organized alphabetically and chronologically. The Series IV was arranged according to subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in sequence with the exception of Box 10, which contains oversized documents belonging to Series III. Series IV begins in Box 9 and is continued in Box 11.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eOrganization\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Writings (1938-1970)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries A: Articles, presentations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries B: Quinine Thesis Materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Professional Organizations (1950-1970)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Medical College of Virginia (1942-1968)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Miscellany (1924-1980)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries A: Memorabilia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries B: Pastore Reprints\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries C: General Reprints\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries D: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries E: Clippings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries V: Photographs\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Pastore Collection, accession number 88/Mar/11, is an amalgamation of several different accessions. Included in 88/Mar/11 are the accessions 82/Jun/33 (reprints), 82/Jun/42 (reprints and programs) and 82/Sep/57 (ENT staff photographs).","The bulk of the collection was arranged much as it was found, (with the exception of the additions of the accessions noted above) some preliminary organization began when the collection was initially received.","Series I - III, V were organized alphabetically and chronologically. The Series IV was arranged according to subject matter.","The collection is arranged in sequence with the exception of Box 10, which contains oversized documents belonging to Series III. Series IV begins in Box 9 and is continued in Box 11.","Organization\n      Series I: Writings (1938-1970)\n      Subseries A: Articles, presentations\n      Subseries B: Quinine Thesis Materials\n      Series II: Professional Organizations (1950-1970)\n      Series III: Medical College of Virginia (1942-1968)\n      Series IV: Miscellany (1924-1980)\n      Subseries A: Memorabilia\n      Subseries B: Pastore Reprints\n      Subseries C: General Reprints\n      Subseries D: Publications\n      Subseries E: Clippings\n      Series V: Photographs"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter Nicholas Pastore was born November 8, 1907 in Bluefield, West Virginia. He attended Bluefield College receiving a Certificate of Proficiency in 1928. He continued his education at the University of Richmond, Virginia where he received his BA degree in 1930; in 1934 he received his MD degree from the Medical College of Virginia. Dr. Pastore continued his medical education at the Mayo Clinic, University of Minnesota, receiving his MS degree in 1939.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1942, Dr. Pastore returned to Richmond to head the Department of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology at MCV. He continued at MCV in this capacity until 1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Pastore married Julia Ann Rourke, in 1939. They had five children: Anna, Julie, Mary, Peter N. and Louis, M.D. (deceased).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his retirement from active practice, Dr. Pastore has devoted much of his time to the historical collections in the Special Collections and Archives Department at the Tompkins-McCaw Library. In 1981, he became Scholar-in-Residence at the Tompkins-McCaw Library and devoted his efforts to fundraising and developing the Medical Artifacts Collection. Dr. Pastore died on September 16, 1989.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Nicholas Pastore was born November 8, 1907 in Bluefield, West Virginia. He attended Bluefield College receiving a Certificate of Proficiency in 1928. He continued his education at the University of Richmond, Virginia where he received his BA degree in 1930; in 1934 he received his MD degree from the Medical College of Virginia. Dr. Pastore continued his medical education at the Mayo Clinic, University of Minnesota, receiving his MS degree in 1939.","In 1942, Dr. Pastore returned to Richmond to head the Department of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology at MCV. He continued at MCV in this capacity until 1976.","Dr. Pastore married Julia Ann Rourke, in 1939. They had five children: Anna, Julie, Mary, Peter N. and Louis, M.D. (deceased).","After his retirement from active practice, Dr. Pastore has devoted much of his time to the historical collections in the Special Collections and Archives Department at the Tompkins-McCaw Library. In 1981, he became Scholar-in-Residence at the Tompkins-McCaw Library and devoted his efforts to fundraising and developing the Medical Artifacts Collection. Dr. Pastore died on September 16, 1989."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 88/Mar/11, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Peter Nicholas Pastore, M.D., 88/Mar/11, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in March 1988.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in March 1988."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Contains Dr. Pastore's written materials. Subseries A consists of the notes and drafts of articles and presentations written from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Some of the presentations and articles have photographs and medical illustrations. There is some correspondence. Subseries B consists of the research conducted on, notes, photographs, correspondence pertaining to, and drafts of, Dr. Pastore's thesis entitled \"Effect of Quinine on Hearing\" begun in 1937-38 to fulfill the requirements for Master of Science degree in Otolaryngology and Rhinology from the Mayo Clinic, University of Minnesota in Rochester (conferred December 1939).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Contains correspondence with and information on various medical and business orgainization. Dates range from the late 1950s to the early 1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Contains some correspondence and information from Dr. Pastore's tenure as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, Medical College of Virginia, 1942-1976; including the search for Dean of the School of Medicine, 1956. The majority of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1970s and focuses on the development of the Otolaryngology Department. Applications for internships in Otolaryngology from the 1930s to the 1970s are present. Also, the series contains some information on area ENT physicians and former residents as well as other MCV ENT memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Subseries A contains personal memorabilia. Biographical information is contained in Dr. Pastore's current curriculum vitae in this series. Photostats of Dr. Pastore's many certificates and diplomas are present as are a few notable items such as Dr. Pastore's original application and letter of acceptance to an internship at MCV, 1934. Subseries B contains all of Dr. Pastore's medical article reprints. Subseries C and D are general medical reprints and publications. Subseries E contains clippings collected over a thirty year period, 1950 - 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Photographs. Miscellaneous photographs of Otolarygology Dept. MCV, ENT staff photos, Drs. Charles and William Mayo, some photographs of individuals and family.Peter N. Pastore, M.D. Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I: Contains Dr. Pastore's written materials. Subseries A consists of the notes and drafts of articles and presentations written from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Some of the presentations and articles have photographs and medical illustrations. There is some correspondence. Subseries B consists of the research conducted on, notes, photographs, correspondence pertaining to, and drafts of, Dr. Pastore's thesis entitled \"Effect of Quinine on Hearing\" begun in 1937-38 to fulfill the requirements for Master of Science degree in Otolaryngology and Rhinology from the Mayo Clinic, University of Minnesota in Rochester (conferred December 1939).","Series II: Contains correspondence with and information on various medical and business orgainization. Dates range from the late 1950s to the early 1980s.","Series III: Contains some correspondence and information from Dr. Pastore's tenure as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology, Medical College of Virginia, 1942-1976; including the search for Dean of the School of Medicine, 1956. The majority of the material dates from the 1960s to the 1970s and focuses on the development of the Otolaryngology Department. Applications for internships in Otolaryngology from the 1930s to the 1970s are present. Also, the series contains some information on area ENT physicians and former residents as well as other MCV ENT memorabilia.","Series IV: Subseries A contains personal memorabilia. Biographical information is contained in Dr. Pastore's current curriculum vitae in this series. Photostats of Dr. Pastore's many certificates and diplomas are present as are a few notable items such as Dr. Pastore's original application and letter of acceptance to an internship at MCV, 1934. Subseries B contains all of Dr. Pastore's medical article reprints. Subseries C and D are general medical reprints and publications. Subseries E contains clippings collected over a thirty year period, 1950 - 1980.","Series V: Photographs. Miscellaneous photographs of Otolarygology Dept. MCV, ENT staff photos, Drs. Charles and William Mayo, some photographs of individuals and family.Peter N. Pastore, M.D. Collection"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia. Department of Otolaryngology","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae"],"names_coll_ssim":["Medical College of Virginia. Department of Otolaryngology","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae","Pastore, Peter N. (Peter Nicholas), 1907-1989"],"persname_ssim":["Pastore, Peter N. (Peter Nicholas), 1907-1989"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library","Medical College of Virginia. Department of Otolaryngology","Medical College of Virginia -- Alumni and alumnae","Pastore, Peter N. (Peter Nicholas), 1907-1989"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":121,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_335_c04_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: Minutes","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02","parent_ssim":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999","Series 2: Board of Trustees"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: Minutes","title_ssm":["Subseries A: Minutes"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: Minutes"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: Minutes"],"text":["Subseries A: Minutes","Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999","Series 2: Board of Trustees"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999","Series 2: Board of Trustees"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999","Series 2: Board of Trustees"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":28,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":82,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["none"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_334","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_334.xml","title_ssm":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records"],"title_tesim":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999"],"text":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999","1990.Feb.7","/repositories/3/resources/334","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Series 1, History, is arranged categorically. Series 2, Board of Trustees, Series 3, Legal, and Series 4, Organization and Staff, are arranged by subject, then chronologically. Series 5, Photographs, and Series 6, Miscellany, are not arranged.","The IVNA was originally founded as the Nurses' Settlement, by nine nurses in the 1900 graduating class at Old Dominion Hospital, and Miss Sadie H. Cabaniss, Director of Nursing, Old Dominion Hospital. The Nurse' Settlement was incorporated by an act of the legislature in 1901. Shortly afterwards, the Rt. Rev. Robert A. Gibson spoke to the women of the Episcopal churches in Richmond asking them to support the Nurses' Settlement. The women formed a committee, with Mrs. Valentine as chairman, and agreed to support the Settlement. In 1902, Miss Nannie Minor, a Settlement nurse, spoke to Mrs. B. B. Valentine's Womens Club. Her speech led to the organization of the Board of Trustees for the Nurses' Settlement, later known as the Instructive Visiting Nurses Association. Miss Cabaniss became the first Chief Nurse. She remained as Chief Nurse until 1909, when she resigned to form rural nurses settlements in Hanover County. Miss Minor became Chief Nurse in 1910, remaining until 1921.","The IVNA opened the first tuberculosis clinic, in 1903 on Oregon Hill; opened tuberculosis dispensaries in 1907; established a mission kindergarten in 1910, with Miss Lucy Witt as teacher. They also loaned an IVNA nurse, Miss Roller, to be the first woman Probation Officer, in 1912; hired the first black nurse in 1913; began industrial nursing in 1914; set up the first crippled children's clinic, with Dr. William T. Graham, in 1916; and in 1920 began the first pre-natal clinic. The crippled children's clinic became Children's Hospital. Miss Witt's work, as kindergarten teacher, led to the first social work caseload in Richmond; eventually forming the Social Workers' of the Nurses' Settlement. The two wings of the Nurses' Settlement formally separated in 1922; the Nurses' Settlement ceased to exist. The IVNA and the William Byrd Settlement House took its place.","Until the 1950s, members of the Board of Trustees were involved in the day to day work of the IVNA. They did the office work, raised money, supplied and ran the loan closet, and volunteered in clinics.","In 1953, the IVNA and the City Health Department combined for reasons of economy, efficiency, and continuity of service; with each retaining their own budget. In 1961, two positions for physical therapists were established in the budget of the IVNA. That year, a new study was made by the Richmond Area Community Council to determine areas of responsibility for the IVNA and the City Health Department. By 1964, questions arose about the viability of continuing the combined service. Finally in 1966, the IVNA became an independent volunteer agency again; partially funded by the United Givers' Fund they had joined in 1960.","Collection processed in May 1990 and revised in June 2002. Accession 2004/Jun/10 integrated June 2004","The records are generally complete from 1900 to 1990. However, there are few or no records for the years 1943 to 1950.","Series 1, History, contains two handwritten speeches by Miss Nannie Minor. One is thought to be her 1902 speech given to the Womens' Club of Richmond: the other is her 1910 report to the Board of Trustees. There are histories of the IVNA, written various persons. Also included are histories of the Social Workers', Camp Harrison, and Crippled Children's Clinic.","Series 2, the Board of Trustees, contains Board minutes for 1902-1997. Also included annual reports for 1903, 1906, 1910 - 1911, 1916 - 1982. Annual reports for the years 1907, 1909 - 1923, 1928 - 1942 may be found within the minutes for those years. This series includes correspondence; financial audits for the years 1924-1945, 1947-1948, 1951, 1954-1964, 1966-1972; and miscellaneous committee reports. The monthly minutes kept by the Board of Trustees contain information about the role of women in Richmond's community life. The reports by the Director or Chief Nurse, to the Board of Trustees, includes information about the range of problems nurses faced, particularly during the early twentieth century.","Series 3, Legal, contains correspondence, legal records, contracts, wills, constitutions and by-laws and legal complaints against the IVNA. Most of the correspondence is with the IVNA's long time legal representative Thomas Gay.","Series 4, Organization and Staff of the IVNA, contain a staff manual, date unknown, and information about the work performed by the director and nurses, mainly from the 1950s to 1982. However early information may also be found in the minutes of the Board of Trustees. Information about the IVNA - City Health Department combined services and separation is included. Also included is information about the South Richmond Community Nursing Service, a precursor to the combined services. This series contains the papers and studies done by the staff, particularly Marie Lowe, Director of the IVNA from 1957 to 1963, and Ruth Freeman, of Johns Hopkins University. Oversized estimated budget records have been separated; they are located in Box 42.","Series 5, Photographs, consists of photographs and snapshots of organizational activities and its members. Some of the photographs have been identified; most date from the 1950s and 1960s. The photographs are mostly black and white and range in size from 2\"x 3\" to 9\" x 12\". Series 5 has not been arranged.","Series 6, Miscellany, contains scrapbooks, morbidity statistics, and newspaper clippings. The scrapbooks are dated in the late 1920s, the 1940s, the 1950s, the 1960s, and the 1970s. Their contents include miscellaneous correspondence, photographs, snapshots, newspaper clippings, and other memorabilia. Two morbidity volumes contain statistics; one volume, dated 1946 - 1953, has statistics about various conditions as well as maternity statistics. The second volume, dated 1946 - 1952, contains statistics for discharged cases. Dates for the newspaper clippings are unknown.","1950, 1966, 1969-1972, 1975-1981","1960, 1970-1977, 1985, 1986, 1987-1988","1949, 1951, 1952, 1955-1959,","1924-1945, 1947-1948, 1951, 1956-1964, 1966-1972","1952-1953, 1955-1958, 1961, 1968","none","VCU Health Sciences Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Instructive Visiting Nurses Association records, 1902/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1990.Feb.7","/repositories/3/resources/334"],"unitid_tesim":["1990.Feb.7","/repositories/3/resources/334"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["none"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials are on loan from the IVNA"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["17.26 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["17.26 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, History, is arranged categorically. Series 2, Board of Trustees, Series 3, Legal, and Series 4, Organization and Staff, are arranged by subject, then chronologically. Series 5, Photographs, and Series 6, Miscellany, are not arranged.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series 1, History, is arranged categorically. Series 2, Board of Trustees, Series 3, Legal, and Series 4, Organization and Staff, are arranged by subject, then chronologically. Series 5, Photographs, and Series 6, Miscellany, are not arranged."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe IVNA was originally founded as the Nurses' Settlement, by nine nurses in the 1900 graduating class at Old Dominion Hospital, and Miss Sadie H. Cabaniss, Director of Nursing, Old Dominion Hospital. The Nurse' Settlement was incorporated by an act of the legislature in 1901. Shortly afterwards, the Rt. Rev. Robert A. Gibson spoke to the women of the Episcopal churches in Richmond asking them to support the Nurses' Settlement. The women formed a committee, with Mrs. Valentine as chairman, and agreed to support the Settlement. In 1902, Miss Nannie Minor, a Settlement nurse, spoke to Mrs. B. B. Valentine's Womens Club. Her speech led to the organization of the Board of Trustees for the Nurses' Settlement, later known as the Instructive Visiting Nurses Association. Miss Cabaniss became the first Chief Nurse. She remained as Chief Nurse until 1909, when she resigned to form rural nurses settlements in Hanover County. Miss Minor became Chief Nurse in 1910, remaining until 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The IVNA opened the first tuberculosis clinic, in 1903 on Oregon Hill; opened tuberculosis dispensaries in 1907; established a mission kindergarten in 1910, with Miss Lucy Witt as teacher. They also loaned an IVNA nurse, Miss Roller, to be the first woman Probation Officer, in 1912; hired the first black nurse in 1913; began industrial nursing in 1914; set up the first crippled children's clinic, with Dr. William T. Graham, in 1916; and in 1920 began the first pre-natal clinic. The crippled children's clinic became Children's Hospital. Miss Witt's work, as kindergarten teacher, led to the first social work caseload in Richmond; eventually forming the Social Workers' of the Nurses' Settlement. The two wings of the Nurses' Settlement formally separated in 1922; the Nurses' Settlement ceased to exist. The IVNA and the William Byrd Settlement House took its place.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Until the 1950s, members of the Board of Trustees were involved in the day to day work of the IVNA. They did the office work, raised money, supplied and ran the loan closet, and volunteered in clinics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1953, the IVNA and the City Health Department combined for reasons of economy, efficiency, and continuity of service; with each retaining their own budget. In 1961, two positions for physical therapists were established in the budget of the IVNA. That year, a new study was made by the Richmond Area Community Council to determine areas of responsibility for the IVNA and the City Health Department. By 1964, questions arose about the viability of continuing the combined service. Finally in 1966, the IVNA became an independent volunteer agency again; partially funded by the United Givers' Fund they had joined in 1960.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The IVNA was originally founded as the Nurses' Settlement, by nine nurses in the 1900 graduating class at Old Dominion Hospital, and Miss Sadie H. Cabaniss, Director of Nursing, Old Dominion Hospital. The Nurse' Settlement was incorporated by an act of the legislature in 1901. Shortly afterwards, the Rt. Rev. Robert A. Gibson spoke to the women of the Episcopal churches in Richmond asking them to support the Nurses' Settlement. The women formed a committee, with Mrs. Valentine as chairman, and agreed to support the Settlement. In 1902, Miss Nannie Minor, a Settlement nurse, spoke to Mrs. B. B. Valentine's Womens Club. Her speech led to the organization of the Board of Trustees for the Nurses' Settlement, later known as the Instructive Visiting Nurses Association. Miss Cabaniss became the first Chief Nurse. She remained as Chief Nurse until 1909, when she resigned to form rural nurses settlements in Hanover County. Miss Minor became Chief Nurse in 1910, remaining until 1921.","The IVNA opened the first tuberculosis clinic, in 1903 on Oregon Hill; opened tuberculosis dispensaries in 1907; established a mission kindergarten in 1910, with Miss Lucy Witt as teacher. They also loaned an IVNA nurse, Miss Roller, to be the first woman Probation Officer, in 1912; hired the first black nurse in 1913; began industrial nursing in 1914; set up the first crippled children's clinic, with Dr. William T. Graham, in 1916; and in 1920 began the first pre-natal clinic. The crippled children's clinic became Children's Hospital. Miss Witt's work, as kindergarten teacher, led to the first social work caseload in Richmond; eventually forming the Social Workers' of the Nurses' Settlement. The two wings of the Nurses' Settlement formally separated in 1922; the Nurses' Settlement ceased to exist. The IVNA and the William Byrd Settlement House took its place.","Until the 1950s, members of the Board of Trustees were involved in the day to day work of the IVNA. They did the office work, raised money, supplied and ran the loan closet, and volunteered in clinics.","In 1953, the IVNA and the City Health Department combined for reasons of economy, efficiency, and continuity of service; with each retaining their own budget. In 1961, two positions for physical therapists were established in the budget of the IVNA. That year, a new study was made by the Richmond Area Community Council to determine areas of responsibility for the IVNA and the City Health Department. By 1964, questions arose about the viability of continuing the combined service. Finally in 1966, the IVNA became an independent volunteer agency again; partially funded by the United Givers' Fund they had joined in 1960."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Instructive Visiting Nurses Association, 90/Feb/7, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Instructive Visiting Nurses Association, 90/Feb/7, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth Univeristy"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in May 1990 and revised in June 2002. Accession 2004/Jun/10 integrated June 2004\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in May 1990 and revised in June 2002. Accession 2004/Jun/10 integrated June 2004"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are generally complete from 1900 to 1990. However, there are few or no records for the years 1943 to 1950.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1, History, contains two handwritten speeches by Miss Nannie Minor. One is thought to be her 1902 speech given to the Womens' Club of Richmond: the other is her 1910 report to the Board of Trustees. There are histories of the IVNA, written various persons. Also included are histories of the Social Workers', Camp Harrison, and Crippled Children's Clinic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2, the Board of Trustees, contains Board minutes for 1902-1997. Also included annual reports for 1903, 1906, 1910 - 1911, 1916 - 1982. Annual reports for the years 1907, 1909 - 1923, 1928 - 1942 may be found within the minutes for those years. This series includes correspondence; financial audits for the years 1924-1945, 1947-1948, 1951, 1954-1964, 1966-1972; and miscellaneous committee reports. The monthly minutes kept by the Board of Trustees contain information about the role of women in Richmond's community life. The reports by the Director or Chief Nurse, to the Board of Trustees, includes information about the range of problems nurses faced, particularly during the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3, Legal, contains correspondence, legal records, contracts, wills, constitutions and by-laws and legal complaints against the IVNA. Most of the correspondence is with the IVNA's long time legal representative Thomas Gay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4, Organization and Staff of the IVNA, contain a staff manual, date unknown, and information about the work performed by the director and nurses, mainly from the 1950s to 1982. However early information may also be found in the minutes of the Board of Trustees. Information about the IVNA - City Health Department combined services and separation is included. Also included is information about the South Richmond Community Nursing Service, a precursor to the combined services. This series contains the papers and studies done by the staff, particularly Marie Lowe, Director of the IVNA from 1957 to 1963, and Ruth Freeman, of Johns Hopkins University. Oversized estimated budget records have been separated; they are located in Box 42.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5, Photographs, consists of photographs and snapshots of organizational activities and its members. Some of the photographs have been identified; most date from the 1950s and 1960s. The photographs are mostly black and white and range in size from 2\"x 3\" to 9\" x 12\". Series 5 has not been arranged.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6, Miscellany, contains scrapbooks, morbidity statistics, and newspaper clippings. The scrapbooks are dated in the late 1920s, the 1940s, the 1950s, the 1960s, and the 1970s. Their contents include miscellaneous correspondence, photographs, snapshots, newspaper clippings, and other memorabilia. Two morbidity volumes contain statistics; one volume, dated 1946 - 1953, has statistics about various conditions as well as maternity statistics. The second volume, dated 1946 - 1952, contains statistics for discharged cases. Dates for the newspaper clippings are unknown.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e1950, 1966, 1969-1972, 1975-1981\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1960, 1970-1977, 1985, 1986, 1987-1988\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1949, 1951, 1952, 1955-1959,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1924-1945, 1947-1948, 1951, 1956-1964, 1966-1972\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1952-1953, 1955-1958, 1961, 1968\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records are generally complete from 1900 to 1990. However, there are few or no records for the years 1943 to 1950.","Series 1, History, contains two handwritten speeches by Miss Nannie Minor. One is thought to be her 1902 speech given to the Womens' Club of Richmond: the other is her 1910 report to the Board of Trustees. There are histories of the IVNA, written various persons. Also included are histories of the Social Workers', Camp Harrison, and Crippled Children's Clinic.","Series 2, the Board of Trustees, contains Board minutes for 1902-1997. Also included annual reports for 1903, 1906, 1910 - 1911, 1916 - 1982. Annual reports for the years 1907, 1909 - 1923, 1928 - 1942 may be found within the minutes for those years. This series includes correspondence; financial audits for the years 1924-1945, 1947-1948, 1951, 1954-1964, 1966-1972; and miscellaneous committee reports. The monthly minutes kept by the Board of Trustees contain information about the role of women in Richmond's community life. The reports by the Director or Chief Nurse, to the Board of Trustees, includes information about the range of problems nurses faced, particularly during the early twentieth century.","Series 3, Legal, contains correspondence, legal records, contracts, wills, constitutions and by-laws and legal complaints against the IVNA. Most of the correspondence is with the IVNA's long time legal representative Thomas Gay.","Series 4, Organization and Staff of the IVNA, contain a staff manual, date unknown, and information about the work performed by the director and nurses, mainly from the 1950s to 1982. However early information may also be found in the minutes of the Board of Trustees. Information about the IVNA - City Health Department combined services and separation is included. Also included is information about the South Richmond Community Nursing Service, a precursor to the combined services. This series contains the papers and studies done by the staff, particularly Marie Lowe, Director of the IVNA from 1957 to 1963, and Ruth Freeman, of Johns Hopkins University. Oversized estimated budget records have been separated; they are located in Box 42.","Series 5, Photographs, consists of photographs and snapshots of organizational activities and its members. Some of the photographs have been identified; most date from the 1950s and 1960s. The photographs are mostly black and white and range in size from 2\"x 3\" to 9\" x 12\". Series 5 has not been arranged.","Series 6, Miscellany, contains scrapbooks, morbidity statistics, and newspaper clippings. The scrapbooks are dated in the late 1920s, the 1940s, the 1950s, the 1960s, and the 1970s. Their contents include miscellaneous correspondence, photographs, snapshots, newspaper clippings, and other memorabilia. Two morbidity volumes contain statistics; one volume, dated 1946 - 1953, has statistics about various conditions as well as maternity statistics. The second volume, dated 1946 - 1952, contains statistics for discharged cases. Dates for the newspaper clippings are unknown.","1950, 1966, 1969-1972, 1975-1981","1960, 1970-1977, 1985, 1986, 1987-1988","1949, 1951, 1952, 1955-1959,","1924-1945, 1947-1948, 1951, 1956-1964, 1966-1972","1952-1953, 1955-1958, 1961, 1968"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003enone\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["none"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":459,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_334_c02_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: Newspaper Clippings, 1910s-1970s","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15","parent_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XV: Ephemera and Photographs"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: Newspaper Clippings, 1910s-1970s","title_ssm":["Subseries A: Newspaper Clippings, 1910s-1970s"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: Newspaper Clippings, 1910s-1970s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: Newspaper Clippings, 1910s-1970s"],"text":["Subseries A: Newspaper Clippings, 1910s-1970s","Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XV: Ephemera and Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XV: Ephemera and Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series XV: Ephemera and Photographs"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2881,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":29,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#14/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c15_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: Personal Miscellany","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06","parent_ssim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series VI: Miscellany"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: Personal Miscellany","title_ssm":["Subseries A: Personal Miscellany"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: Personal Miscellany"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: Personal Miscellany"],"text":["Subseries A: Personal Miscellany","William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series VI: Miscellany","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series VI: Miscellany"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","Series VI: Miscellany"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":124,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["None"],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_root_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_3_resources_579","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_3_resources_579.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Sanger, William T., papers","title_ssm":["William T. Sanger papers"],"title_tesim":["William T. Sanger papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1898-1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1898-1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1898/1975"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"text":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975","T83.Jul.12","/repositories/3/resources/579","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Materials are arranged by subject and chronologically therein.","The collection is organized into seven series: \nSeries I: College Materials, Series II: Correspondence, Series III: Writings, Series IV: Medical College of Virginia, Series V: Avocations, Series VI: Miscellany, Series VII: Addendum.","William Thomas Sanger, the son of Samuel F. and Susan Thomas Sanger, was born on September 16, 1885 in Bridgewater, (Rockingham County) Virginia where he attended primary school at the academy associated with Bridgewater College until 1896.","The economic depression of the 1890s hit the Bridgewater area quite hard and the inability of Samuel Sanger to earn a living for his large family compelled him to take a salaried position with the Southern Railroad Company. The new job meant a move to Calverton, Virginia, where the family lived only one year before moving again to the larger community of Manassas, located about thirty miles south of Washington, D.C.","Tragically, the year 1898 ended with the death of Susan T. Sanger, and by the end of 1899 the family found themselves with a \"new mother,\" actually the third wife of Samuel, his first wife having died years earlier leaving him with their one daughter. Shortly after the death of his first wife Samuel married Susan Thomas and the family was quickly increased to include William and his three sisters. Dr. Sanger notes in his 1971 autobiography, As I Remember, that his family was so well integrated that his half-sister never knew she was born to another mother until she was eventually told much later.","A few months after the third marriage, the Sanger family was again uprooted when Samuel announced the big move to South Bend, Indiana where he had accepted the position of traveling secretary of the Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren. Samuel Sanger was a minister of the Church, holding its highest rank; however, since in those days no salary was paid to the Brethren clergy, cash income had to be sought elsewhere.","It is interesting to note that frequent moves of the family home was quite unusual in American culture at this time. Dr. Sanger's early experiences with such a variety of horizons certainly added to his future skills as expansive orator and visionary.","William Sanger returned to his Bridgewater roots to attend Bridgewater College in 1906 after graduating from South Bend High School in Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree quickly and by 1909 was once again in Indiana to work on his Master of Arts degree in psychology which he earned in 1910 from that state's university. After receiving his M.A. Sanger retraced his steps yet again to begin his teaching career at his Bridgewater alma mater.","The years 1910 through 1920 were busy ones for Sanger in his personal life and educational growth. These years also mark the start of his lifelong commitment to teaching. The appointment to the faculty at Bridgewater began Sanger's experience teaching a variety of subjects including English writing, history, philosophy, and Greek psychology. During the summer of 1911 Sanger did graduate work in psychology and Physiology at Columbia University.","He resumed his teaching duties at Bridgewater College during the academic year 1911-1912 and by the fall of 1912 Sanger had enrolled at Clark University to begin his dissertation work on the subject of senescence under the famed psychologist G. Stanley Hall with whom he developed a fast friendship. The summer of 1913 and 1914 were spent teaching at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, as it was then known, while the academic year 1913-1914 was spent at Clark working on the dissertation. During the summer of 1913 Sanger married Sylvia Gray Burns whom he met while both were attending Bridgewater College. The academic year 1914-1915 brought Sanger's return to Bridgewater College and by the spring of 1915 he had returned to Clark University alone, leaving Sylvia working as a housemother at the college in Bridgewater. Sanger finished his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1915. The academic year 1915-1916 brought Dr. Sanger back to Bridgewater College to resume his teaching duties.","The Sangers moved to Harrisonburg in 1917, where for two years Sanger acted as dean and head of the education department of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonbrug (now James Madison University).","During the summer of 1920, the Sangers took a trip to California to visit Sanger's parents who had yet to see their grandson, Julian (born in the spring of 1918). Sanger took opportunity to teach graduate school at the University of Utah during this extended vacation. In fall of 1920 he returned to Bridgewater College to resume his liberal arts teaching responsibilities despite the offer an attractive position in the department of education at the University of Utah.","The Sangers moved to Richmond in 1921 after Sanger accepted the first full-time position as executive secretary of the Virginia State Teachers' Association where his duties included editing The Virginia Journal of Education, the official publication of the association. The summers of 1921 and 1922 were spent teaching at the University of Virginia.","By 1922 Sanger had accepted an administration position with the State Board of Education where he remained until 1925 when he was chosen to fill the role as the first full-time president of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).","As the history of the growth of MCV demonstrates, Sanger led the medical school through over thirty years of tremendous growth both in reputation and capacity and its standing among medical schools in the southeast was due chiefly to his broad vision during the first half of the twentieth century. Sanger's retirement in 1956 marked the end of an era for the school. The position of chancellor was created for Sanger so he could continue in the capacity of advisor to the school. He remained active in the affairs of the College until his death in 1975 at the age of 89.","The majority of the Sanger papers are devoted to the period prior to his assumption of duties as president of the Medical College of Virginia.","Series I contains Sanger's college lecture materials; notes taken when he was a student at Bridgewater College, Clark and Columbia University. Series I also contains the hand and typewritten notes and research of Sanger's dissertation on the subject of senescence which he studied under G. Stanley Hall.","Series II consists of personal and professional correspondence; the bulk of which concerns Sanger's unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (later known as the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, and currently as James Madison University) in the summer of 1919.","Series III contains Sanger's hand and typewritten notes and drafts of speeches on a variety of topics related to education and the responsibilities of educators in Virginia dating from the early 1930s through the span of his career. The drafts for Sanger's two books As I Remember, an autobiography of his life and career, and MCV Before 1925, an early history of MCV, are also included in this series.","Series IV consists of a variety of information concerning MCV including block plots and tax assessments of the college area in 1940 as well as information detailing the gala affair held in 1950 honoring Sanger's twenty-five years as President of the College.","Series V deals with Sanger's avocations outside of the educational field. The collection holds information on Sanger's partnership with a Bridgewater College colleague, Dr. Paul Bowman, in the Ridgeway Orchard in southwestern Virginia during the 1920s. Also, the records of the purchase and upkeep of Sylvia Burns Sanger's family farm in Burnsville, Virginia is included, dating from the 1940s to the early 1970s. Sanger's passion for gardening is evident in the collection of correspondence and publications found in this series.","Series VI is entitled miscellany because it contains a variety of material including some biographical data on Sanger, personal items such as postcards and notes Sanger collected over the years, personal photographs of the Sanger family from the early years as well as a great number of photographs taken on important occasion throughout Sanger's professional career. The photographs in the Sanger collection are particularly interesting. This series also holds the newspapers and clippings Sanger collected over the years 1910-1970. The clipping collection includes the local obituary notices at the time of Sanger's death in 1975. Series VI contains a variety of publications dealing with the field of education and the publications of the Medical College of Virginia. Sanger's many honorary diplomas, his high school diploma from South Bend High School, Indiana in 1906 are included in this series.","Series VII consists of additional papers donated to the archives. In addition to some photographs, correspondence and materials relating to MCV, the addendum contains the notes of two works Sanger was researching at the time of his death. This first contains handwritten biographical sketches of MCV historical figures; the second contains drafts of a work on the homes of Virginia born presidents.","Article by Robert Barton, member of the Board of Visitors","The Anatomist,Peyton,and Only a Dream.","Harrisonburg, VA","Harrisonburg, VA","South Bend, IN","Publication of Bridgewater College. v. 7 nos. 6-9, 1903; v.8 nos.4-6, 1904; v.11 nos.1-9, 1906-07; v.10 nos.1-9, 1907-1908; v.11 nos.1-9, 1908-09; v.14 no.6 1910; v.22 no.5, 1918, v.24 no. 9, 1920; v.25 no.7, 1921; Graduation Volume, 1921","diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary degree","honorary degree","written 1972-1974","miscellaneous notes and correspondence","correspondence, inaugural invitation","Sanger's inauguration and retirement periods","Report of Senior-Freshman Classes of Medicine","program, speeches, correspondence","correspondence","vitae, sketches","clippings","Cabaniss Hall, Nelson Clinic, E.G. Williams Hospital. Lyons Building, Hunton Hall, Larrick Center, Tompkins-McCaw Library (construction), Nursing Education Building, Harold West, John Cullen, Richard Lafon Bohannon, Augustus Warner, Lewis Webb Chamberlayne, Socrates Maupin","notes, correspondence","draft","photographs of presidents","photographs of Monticello","photographs of homes","photographs of Mount Vernon","articles, publicity publications","notes, correspondence drafts","book by Burgess","None","VCU Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"collection_ssim":["William T. Sanger papers, 1898/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["T83.Jul.12","/repositories/3/resources/579"],"unitid_tesim":["T83.Jul.12","/repositories/3/resources/579"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["None"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.08 Linear Feet 24 doc cases"],"extent_tesim":["10.08 Linear Feet 24 doc cases"],"date_range_isim":[1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged by subject and chronologically therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into seven series: \nSeries I: College Materials, Series II: Correspondence, Series III: Writings, Series IV: Medical College of Virginia, Series V: Avocations, Series VI: Miscellany, Series VII: Addendum.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged by subject and chronologically therein.","The collection is organized into seven series: \nSeries I: College Materials, Series II: Correspondence, Series III: Writings, Series IV: Medical College of Virginia, Series V: Avocations, Series VI: Miscellany, Series VII: Addendum."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Thomas Sanger, the son of Samuel F. and Susan Thomas Sanger, was born on September 16, 1885 in Bridgewater, (Rockingham County) Virginia where he attended primary school at the academy associated with Bridgewater College until 1896.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe economic depression of the 1890s hit the Bridgewater area quite hard and the inability of Samuel Sanger to earn a living for his large family compelled him to take a salaried position with the Southern Railroad Company. The new job meant a move to Calverton, Virginia, where the family lived only one year before moving again to the larger community of Manassas, located about thirty miles south of Washington, D.C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTragically, the year 1898 ended with the death of Susan T. Sanger, and by the end of 1899 the family found themselves with a \"new mother,\" actually the third wife of Samuel, his first wife having died years earlier leaving him with their one daughter. Shortly after the death of his first wife Samuel married Susan Thomas and the family was quickly increased to include William and his three sisters. Dr. Sanger notes in his 1971 autobiography, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAs I Remember\u003c/title\u003e, that his family was so well integrated that his half-sister never knew she was born to another mother until she was eventually told much later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few months after the third marriage, the Sanger family was again uprooted when Samuel announced the big move to South Bend, Indiana where he had accepted the position of traveling secretary of the Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren. Samuel Sanger was a minister of the Church, holding its highest rank; however, since in those days no salary was paid to the Brethren clergy, cash income had to be sought elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is interesting to note that frequent moves of the family home was quite unusual in American culture at this time. Dr. Sanger's early experiences with such a variety of horizons certainly added to his future skills as expansive orator and visionary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Sanger returned to his Bridgewater roots to attend Bridgewater College in 1906 after graduating from South Bend High School in Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree quickly and by 1909 was once again in Indiana to work on his Master of Arts degree in psychology which he earned in 1910 from that state's university. After receiving his M.A. Sanger retraced his steps yet again to begin his teaching career at his Bridgewater alma mater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe years 1910 through 1920 were busy ones for Sanger in his personal life and educational growth. These years also mark the start of his lifelong commitment to teaching. The appointment to the faculty at Bridgewater began Sanger's experience teaching a variety of subjects including English writing, history, philosophy, and Greek psychology. During the summer of 1911 Sanger did graduate work in psychology and Physiology at Columbia University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe resumed his teaching duties at Bridgewater College during the academic year 1911-1912 and by the fall of 1912 Sanger had enrolled at Clark University to begin his dissertation work on the subject of senescence under the famed psychologist G. Stanley Hall with whom he developed a fast friendship. The summer of 1913 and 1914 were spent teaching at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, as it was then known, while the academic year 1913-1914 was spent at Clark working on the dissertation. During the summer of 1913 Sanger married Sylvia Gray Burns whom he met while both were attending Bridgewater College. The academic year 1914-1915 brought Sanger's return to Bridgewater College and by the spring of 1915 he had returned to Clark University alone, leaving Sylvia working as a housemother at the college in Bridgewater. Sanger finished his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1915. The academic year 1915-1916 brought Dr. Sanger back to Bridgewater College to resume his teaching duties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Sangers moved to Harrisonburg in 1917, where for two years Sanger acted as dean and head of the education department of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonbrug (now James Madison University).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer of 1920, the Sangers took a trip to California to visit Sanger's parents who had yet to see their grandson, Julian (born in the spring of 1918). Sanger took opportunity to teach graduate school at the University of Utah during this extended vacation. In fall of 1920 he returned to Bridgewater College to resume his liberal arts teaching responsibilities despite the offer an attractive position in the department of education at the University of Utah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Sangers moved to Richmond in 1921 after Sanger accepted the first full-time position as executive secretary of the Virginia State Teachers' Association where his duties included editing \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Virginia Journal of Education,\u003c/title\u003e the official publication of the association. The summers of 1921 and 1922 were spent teaching at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1922 Sanger had accepted an administration position with the State Board of Education where he remained until 1925 when he was chosen to fill the role as the first full-time president of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs the history of the growth of MCV demonstrates, Sanger led the medical school through over thirty years of tremendous growth both in reputation and capacity and its standing among medical schools in the southeast was due chiefly to his broad vision during the first half of the twentieth century. Sanger's retirement in 1956 marked the end of an era for the school. The position of chancellor was created for Sanger so he could continue in the capacity of advisor to the school. He remained active in the affairs of the College until his death in 1975 at the age of 89.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Thomas Sanger, the son of Samuel F. and Susan Thomas Sanger, was born on September 16, 1885 in Bridgewater, (Rockingham County) Virginia where he attended primary school at the academy associated with Bridgewater College until 1896.","The economic depression of the 1890s hit the Bridgewater area quite hard and the inability of Samuel Sanger to earn a living for his large family compelled him to take a salaried position with the Southern Railroad Company. The new job meant a move to Calverton, Virginia, where the family lived only one year before moving again to the larger community of Manassas, located about thirty miles south of Washington, D.C.","Tragically, the year 1898 ended with the death of Susan T. Sanger, and by the end of 1899 the family found themselves with a \"new mother,\" actually the third wife of Samuel, his first wife having died years earlier leaving him with their one daughter. Shortly after the death of his first wife Samuel married Susan Thomas and the family was quickly increased to include William and his three sisters. Dr. Sanger notes in his 1971 autobiography, As I Remember, that his family was so well integrated that his half-sister never knew she was born to another mother until she was eventually told much later.","A few months after the third marriage, the Sanger family was again uprooted when Samuel announced the big move to South Bend, Indiana where he had accepted the position of traveling secretary of the Mission Board of the Church of the Brethren. Samuel Sanger was a minister of the Church, holding its highest rank; however, since in those days no salary was paid to the Brethren clergy, cash income had to be sought elsewhere.","It is interesting to note that frequent moves of the family home was quite unusual in American culture at this time. Dr. Sanger's early experiences with such a variety of horizons certainly added to his future skills as expansive orator and visionary.","William Sanger returned to his Bridgewater roots to attend Bridgewater College in 1906 after graduating from South Bend High School in Indiana. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree quickly and by 1909 was once again in Indiana to work on his Master of Arts degree in psychology which he earned in 1910 from that state's university. After receiving his M.A. Sanger retraced his steps yet again to begin his teaching career at his Bridgewater alma mater.","The years 1910 through 1920 were busy ones for Sanger in his personal life and educational growth. These years also mark the start of his lifelong commitment to teaching. The appointment to the faculty at Bridgewater began Sanger's experience teaching a variety of subjects including English writing, history, philosophy, and Greek psychology. During the summer of 1911 Sanger did graduate work in psychology and Physiology at Columbia University.","He resumed his teaching duties at Bridgewater College during the academic year 1911-1912 and by the fall of 1912 Sanger had enrolled at Clark University to begin his dissertation work on the subject of senescence under the famed psychologist G. Stanley Hall with whom he developed a fast friendship. The summer of 1913 and 1914 were spent teaching at the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg, as it was then known, while the academic year 1913-1914 was spent at Clark working on the dissertation. During the summer of 1913 Sanger married Sylvia Gray Burns whom he met while both were attending Bridgewater College. The academic year 1914-1915 brought Sanger's return to Bridgewater College and by the spring of 1915 he had returned to Clark University alone, leaving Sylvia working as a housemother at the college in Bridgewater. Sanger finished his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Clark University in 1915. The academic year 1915-1916 brought Dr. Sanger back to Bridgewater College to resume his teaching duties.","The Sangers moved to Harrisonburg in 1917, where for two years Sanger acted as dean and head of the education department of the State Normal School for Women at Harrisonbrug (now James Madison University).","During the summer of 1920, the Sangers took a trip to California to visit Sanger's parents who had yet to see their grandson, Julian (born in the spring of 1918). Sanger took opportunity to teach graduate school at the University of Utah during this extended vacation. In fall of 1920 he returned to Bridgewater College to resume his liberal arts teaching responsibilities despite the offer an attractive position in the department of education at the University of Utah.","The Sangers moved to Richmond in 1921 after Sanger accepted the first full-time position as executive secretary of the Virginia State Teachers' Association where his duties included editing The Virginia Journal of Education, the official publication of the association. The summers of 1921 and 1922 were spent teaching at the University of Virginia.","By 1922 Sanger had accepted an administration position with the State Board of Education where he remained until 1925 when he was chosen to fill the role as the first full-time president of the Medical College of Virginia (MCV).","As the history of the growth of MCV demonstrates, Sanger led the medical school through over thirty years of tremendous growth both in reputation and capacity and its standing among medical schools in the southeast was due chiefly to his broad vision during the first half of the twentieth century. Sanger's retirement in 1956 marked the end of an era for the school. The position of chancellor was created for Sanger so he could continue in the capacity of advisor to the school. He remained active in the affairs of the College until his death in 1975 at the age of 89."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox-folder, Papers of William T. Sanger, T83/Jul/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box-folder, Papers of William T. Sanger, T83/Jul/12, Special Collections and Archives, Health Sciences Library, Virginia Commonwealth University"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the Sanger papers are devoted to the period prior to his assumption of duties as president of the Medical College of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I contains Sanger's college lecture materials; notes taken when he was a student at Bridgewater College, Clark and Columbia University. Series I also contains the hand and typewritten notes and research of Sanger's dissertation on the subject of senescence which he studied under G. Stanley Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II consists of personal and professional correspondence; the bulk of which concerns Sanger's unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (later known as the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, and currently as James Madison University) in the summer of 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III contains Sanger's hand and typewritten notes and drafts of speeches on a variety of topics related to education and the responsibilities of educators in Virginia dating from the early 1930s through the span of his career. The drafts for Sanger's two books \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eAs I Remember\u003c/title\u003e, an autobiography of his life and career, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eMCV Before 1925\u003c/title\u003e, an early history of MCV, are also included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV consists of a variety of information concerning MCV including block plots and tax assessments of the college area in 1940 as well as information detailing the gala affair held in 1950 honoring Sanger's twenty-five years as President of the College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V deals with Sanger's avocations outside of the educational field. The collection holds information on Sanger's partnership with a Bridgewater College colleague, Dr. Paul Bowman, in the Ridgeway Orchard in southwestern Virginia during the 1920s. Also, the records of the purchase and upkeep of Sylvia Burns Sanger's family farm in Burnsville, Virginia is included, dating from the 1940s to the early 1970s. Sanger's passion for gardening is evident in the collection of correspondence and publications found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI is entitled miscellany because it contains a variety of material including some biographical data on Sanger, personal items such as postcards and notes Sanger collected over the years, personal photographs of the Sanger family from the early years as well as a great number of photographs taken on important occasion throughout Sanger's professional career. The photographs in the Sanger collection are particularly interesting. This series also holds the newspapers and clippings Sanger collected over the years 1910-1970. The clipping collection includes the local obituary notices at the time of Sanger's death in 1975. Series VI contains a variety of publications dealing with the field of education and the publications of the Medical College of Virginia. Sanger's many honorary diplomas, his high school diploma from South Bend High School, Indiana in 1906 are included in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII consists of additional papers donated to the archives. In addition to some photographs, correspondence and materials relating to MCV, the addendum contains the notes of two works Sanger was researching at the time of his death. This first contains handwritten biographical sketches of MCV historical figures; the second contains drafts of a work on the homes of Virginia born presidents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eArticle by Robert Barton, member of the Board of Visitors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Anatomist,\u003c/title\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003ePeyton,\u003c/title\u003eand \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eOnly a Dream.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSouth Bend, IN\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublication of Bridgewater College. v. 7 nos. 6-9, 1903; v.8 nos.4-6, 1904; v.11 nos.1-9, 1906-07; v.10 nos.1-9, 1907-1908; v.11 nos.1-9, 1908-09; v.14 no.6 1910; v.22 no.5, 1918, v.24 no. 9, 1920; v.25 no.7, 1921; Graduation Volume, 1921\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ediploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary diploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary diploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary diploma\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary degree\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehonorary degree\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ewritten 1972-1974\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003emiscellaneous notes and correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence, inaugural invitation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSanger's inauguration and retirement periods\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReport of Senior-Freshman Classes of Medicine\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eprogram, speeches, correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ecorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003evitae, sketches\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eclippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCabaniss Hall, Nelson Clinic, E.G. Williams Hospital. Lyons Building, Hunton Hall, Larrick Center, Tompkins-McCaw Library (construction), Nursing Education Building, Harold West, John Cullen, Richard Lafon Bohannon, Augustus Warner, Lewis Webb Chamberlayne, Socrates Maupin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes, correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003edraft\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of presidents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of Monticello\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of homes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ephotographs of Mount Vernon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003earticles, publicity publications\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003enotes, correspondence drafts\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ebook by Burgess\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of the Sanger papers are devoted to the period prior to his assumption of duties as president of the Medical College of Virginia.","Series I contains Sanger's college lecture materials; notes taken when he was a student at Bridgewater College, Clark and Columbia University. Series I also contains the hand and typewritten notes and research of Sanger's dissertation on the subject of senescence which he studied under G. Stanley Hall.","Series II consists of personal and professional correspondence; the bulk of which concerns Sanger's unsuccessful campaign for the presidency of State Normal School for Women at Harrisonburg (later known as the State Teachers College at Harrisonburg, and currently as James Madison University) in the summer of 1919.","Series III contains Sanger's hand and typewritten notes and drafts of speeches on a variety of topics related to education and the responsibilities of educators in Virginia dating from the early 1930s through the span of his career. The drafts for Sanger's two books As I Remember, an autobiography of his life and career, and MCV Before 1925, an early history of MCV, are also included in this series.","Series IV consists of a variety of information concerning MCV including block plots and tax assessments of the college area in 1940 as well as information detailing the gala affair held in 1950 honoring Sanger's twenty-five years as President of the College.","Series V deals with Sanger's avocations outside of the educational field. The collection holds information on Sanger's partnership with a Bridgewater College colleague, Dr. Paul Bowman, in the Ridgeway Orchard in southwestern Virginia during the 1920s. Also, the records of the purchase and upkeep of Sylvia Burns Sanger's family farm in Burnsville, Virginia is included, dating from the 1940s to the early 1970s. Sanger's passion for gardening is evident in the collection of correspondence and publications found in this series.","Series VI is entitled miscellany because it contains a variety of material including some biographical data on Sanger, personal items such as postcards and notes Sanger collected over the years, personal photographs of the Sanger family from the early years as well as a great number of photographs taken on important occasion throughout Sanger's professional career. The photographs in the Sanger collection are particularly interesting. This series also holds the newspapers and clippings Sanger collected over the years 1910-1970. The clipping collection includes the local obituary notices at the time of Sanger's death in 1975. Series VI contains a variety of publications dealing with the field of education and the publications of the Medical College of Virginia. Sanger's many honorary diplomas, his high school diploma from South Bend High School, Indiana in 1906 are included in this series.","Series VII consists of additional papers donated to the archives. In addition to some photographs, correspondence and materials relating to MCV, the addendum contains the notes of two works Sanger was researching at the time of his death. This first contains handwritten biographical sketches of MCV historical figures; the second contains drafts of a work on the homes of Virginia born presidents.","Article by Robert Barton, member of the Board of Visitors","The Anatomist,Peyton,and Only a Dream.","Harrisonburg, VA","Harrisonburg, VA","South Bend, IN","Publication of Bridgewater College. v. 7 nos. 6-9, 1903; v.8 nos.4-6, 1904; v.11 nos.1-9, 1906-07; v.10 nos.1-9, 1907-1908; v.11 nos.1-9, 1908-09; v.14 no.6 1910; v.22 no.5, 1918, v.24 no. 9, 1920; v.25 no.7, 1921; Graduation Volume, 1921","diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary diploma","honorary degree","honorary degree","written 1972-1974","miscellaneous notes and correspondence","correspondence, inaugural invitation","Sanger's inauguration and retirement periods","Report of Senior-Freshman Classes of Medicine","program, speeches, correspondence","correspondence","vitae, sketches","clippings","Cabaniss Hall, Nelson Clinic, E.G. Williams Hospital. Lyons Building, Hunton Hall, Larrick Center, Tompkins-McCaw Library (construction), Nursing Education Building, Harold West, John Cullen, Richard Lafon Bohannon, Augustus Warner, Lewis Webb Chamberlayne, Socrates Maupin","notes, correspondence","draft","photographs of presidents","photographs of Monticello","photographs of homes","photographs of Mount Vernon","articles, publicity publications","notes, correspondence drafts","book by Burgess"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["VCU Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:06:34.904Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_3_resources_579_c06_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_vircu00053_c01_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A:: Poetry Drafts, n.d. \n                  \n                  1971-1989","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_vircu00053_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_vircu00053_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_vircu00053_c01_c01"],"id":"vircu_vircu00053_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_vircu00053","_root_":"vircu_vircu00053","_nest_parent_":"vircu_vircu00053_c01","parent_ssi":"vircu_vircu00053_c01","parent_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992","Poetry, n.d. \n               \n               1971-1989"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_vircu00053","vircu_vircu00053_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Poetry Drafts, n.d. \n                  \n                  1971-1989","title_ssm":["Subseries A:: Poetry Drafts, n.d. \n                  \n                  1971-1989"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A:: Poetry Drafts, n.d. \n                  \n                  1971-1989"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A:: Poetry Drafts, n.d. \n                  \n                  1971-1989"],"text":["Subseries A:: Poetry Drafts, n.d. \n                  \n                  1971-1989","Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992","Poetry, n.d. \n               \n               1971-1989"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992","Poetry, n.d. \n               \n               1971-1989"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992","Poetry, n.d. \n               \n               1971-1989"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":22,"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:33.003Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_vircu00053","ead_ssi":"vircu_vircu00053","_root_":"vircu_vircu00053","_nest_parent_":"vircu_vircu00053","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/vcu-cab/vircu00053.xml","title_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992"],"title_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992"],"text":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992","M 288","9.95 linear\n         feet","Collection is open for use without restrictions.","Arrangement\n        Collection is arranged chronologically.","Collection is arranged chronologically.","Organization\n        The collection is a result of a single accession.\n            Artificial series were imposed on the collection to\n            highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was\n            divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged\n            therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were\n            arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were\n            eight subseries with correspondence arranged\n            chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are\n            arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts.\n            Researchers must note that within the collection there are\n            places where documents from one series could be placed in\n            another if it were not for the fact that two different\n            works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that\n            \"First Person Love\" has not been published yet.","The collection is a result of a single accession.\n            Artificial series were imposed on the collection to\n            highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was\n            divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged\n            therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were\n            arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were\n            eight subseries with correspondence arranged\n            chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are\n            arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts.\n            Researchers must note that within the collection there are\n            places where documents from one series could be placed in\n            another if it were not for the fact that two different\n            works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that\n            \"First Person Love\" has not been published yet.","Cathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the\n         Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, VA to Joyce and Alden\n         Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was\n         evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued\n         her interest in writing by working on the school magazine,\n         \"Inklings\", at Pulaski County High School. After graduating\n         from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in\n         Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in\n         1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative\n         Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry,\n         short stories, plays, and got married to writer and critic\n         Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her\n         first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five\n         best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has\n         published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue\n         (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater\n         (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991).\n         Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have\n         appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune\n         Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting\n         lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia\n         (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in\n         Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor\n         at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she\n         lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of\n         English at Hollins College (1986-present).","Collection processed in April 1993.","Cathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short\n         stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material\n         documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the\n         age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry\n         drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There\n         are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents\n         are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.","Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry.\n         Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year\n         range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly.\n         These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet\n         and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style,\n         form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack\n         of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except\n         for some passing information in some of her book reviews,\n         there is no significant information about Hankla herself.","In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays,\n         theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her\n         published work. This is especially true in examples like\n         Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in\n         Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of\n         correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the\n         correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous\n         publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the\n         eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a\n         result, the collection documents the complete development of\n         her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not\n         represented in any other repository.","None.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla Papers, \n         \n         1971-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 288"],"unitid_tesim":["M 288"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Cathryn Hankla"],"creator_ssim":["Cathryn Hankla"],"acqinfo_ssim":["On deposit to Special Collections and Archives.\n            Transfered by Ms. Cathryn Hankla in August of 1992."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["9.95 linear\n         feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for use without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for use without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003carrangement\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eArrangement\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/arrangement\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCollection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003carrangement\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eOrganization\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cp\u003eThe collection is a result of a single accession.\n            Artificial series were imposed on the collection to\n            highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was\n            divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged\n            therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were\n            arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were\n            eight subseries with correspondence arranged\n            chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are\n            arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts.\n            Researchers must note that within the collection there are\n            places where documents from one series could be placed in\n            another if it were not for the fact that two different\n            works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that\n            \"First Person Love\" has not been published yet.\u003c/p\u003e\n      \u003c/arrangement\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is a result of a single accession.\n            Artificial series were imposed on the collection to\n            highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was\n            divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged\n            therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were\n            arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were\n            eight subseries with correspondence arranged\n            chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are\n            arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts.\n            Researchers must note that within the collection there are\n            places where documents from one series could be placed in\n            another if it were not for the fact that two different\n            works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that\n            \"First Person Love\" has not been published yet.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arrangement\n        Collection is arranged chronologically.","Collection is arranged chronologically.","Organization\n        The collection is a result of a single accession.\n            Artificial series were imposed on the collection to\n            highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was\n            divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged\n            therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were\n            arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were\n            eight subseries with correspondence arranged\n            chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are\n            arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts.\n            Researchers must note that within the collection there are\n            places where documents from one series could be placed in\n            another if it were not for the fact that two different\n            works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that\n            \"First Person Love\" has not been published yet.","The collection is a result of a single accession.\n            Artificial series were imposed on the collection to\n            highlight the development of Hankla's work. Series 1 was\n            divided into two subseries and chronologically arranged\n            therein from oldest to newest, while Series 2,3, 5-7 were\n            arranged chronologically as well. In Series 4 there were\n            eight subseries with correspondence arranged\n            chronologically and placed at the beginning. Drafts are\n            arranged chronologically, and reviews follow the drafts.\n            Researchers must note that within the collection there are\n            places where documents from one series could be placed in\n            another if it were not for the fact that two different\n            works shared a piece of paper. Also, it must be noted that\n            \"First Person Love\" has not been published yet."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the\n         Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, VA to Joyce and Alden\n         Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was\n         evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued\n         her interest in writing by working on the school magazine,\n         \"Inklings\", at Pulaski County High School. After graduating\n         from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in\n         Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in\n         1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative\n         Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry,\n         short stories, plays, and got married to writer and critic\n         Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her\n         first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five\n         best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has\n         published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue\n         (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater\n         (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991).\n         Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have\n         appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune\n         Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting\n         lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia\n         (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in\n         Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor\n         at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she\n         lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of\n         English at Hollins College (1986-present).\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla was born on March 20, 1958 in the\n         Appalachian Mountains in Richlands, VA to Joyce and Alden\n         Hankla. From the age of thirteen her interest in writing was\n         evident as she created a large body of poetry. She continued\n         her interest in writing by working on the school magazine,\n         \"Inklings\", at Pulaski County High School. After graduating\n         from high school in 1976, she attended Hollins College in\n         Roanoke, Virginia and received a B.A. in English and Film in\n         1980, and in 1982 she earned a M.A. in English and Creative\n         Writing. Throughout this period she continued to write poetry,\n         short stories, plays, and got married to writer and critic\n         Richard H.W. Dillard in 1979. They were divorced in 1992. Her\n         first book, Phenomena (1983), was reviewed as one of the five\n         best books of poetry published in 1983. Since then she has\n         published a short story anthology, Learning the Mother Tongue\n         (1987), the highly acclaimed novel, A Blue Moon in Poorwater\n         (1988), and another book of poetry Afterimages (1991).\n         Additionally, her reviews, poems, and short stories have\n         appeared in such journals as Yarrow, the Chicago Tribune\n         Sunday Magazine, and College English. Hankla was visiting\n         lecturer in fiction writing at the University of Virginia\n         (spring of 1985), Randolph- Macon's Woman's College Writer in\n         Residence (spring of 1987), and visiting Assistant Professor\n         at Washington and Lee University (1989-1991). Currently, she\n         lives in Troutville, VA and is an associate professor of\n         English at Hollins College (1986-present)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Cathryn Hankla, M 299, Special Collections\n            and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia\n            Commonwealth University\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Cathryn Hankla, M 299, Special Collections\n            and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia\n            Commonwealth University"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in April 1993.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in April 1993."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short\n         stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material\n         documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the\n         age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry\n         drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There\n         are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents\n         are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAnother strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry.\n         Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year\n         range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly.\n         These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet\n         and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style,\n         form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack\n         of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except\n         for some passing information in some of her book reviews,\n         there is no significant information about Hankla herself.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays,\n         theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her\n         published work. This is especially true in examples like\n         Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in\n         Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of\n         correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the\n         correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous\n         publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the\n         eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a\n         result, the collection documents the complete development of\n         her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not\n         represented in any other repository.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cathryn Hankla's collection contains her poetry, short\n         stories, plays, and novels from 1971 to 1992. The material\n         documents the development and maturation of Hankla from the\n         age of 13. The bulk of Hankla's collection is in her poetry\n         drafts (1971-1989) and her published work (1980-1992). There\n         are no significant gaps in her collection since its contents\n         are spread out evenly throughout its 21 year period.","Another strength of Hankla's papers is in her poetry.\n         Containing the poems that she has written over a 18 year\n         range, many of her initial poems have been revised repeatedly.\n         These drafts provide an insight to her development as a poet\n         and writer by demonstrating the obvious changes in her style,\n         form, and content. The weakness of this collection is the lack\n         of any biographical information about Cathryn Hankla. Except\n         for some passing information in some of her book reviews,\n         there is no significant information about Hankla herself.","In this collection of novels, poetry, short stories, plays,\n         theses, and notes, a large area of interest is in her\n         published work. This is especially true in examples like\n         Phenomena, Learning the Mother Tongue, A Blue Moon in\n         Poorwater, and Afterimages that contain a complete set of\n         correspondence, drafts, and reviews. Specifically, the\n         correspondence shows her initial contact with numerous\n         publishing companies and her continuous discussion with the\n         eventual publisher about the evolution of her work. As a\n         result, the collection documents the complete development of\n         her work from draft to review. Presently, Hankla is not\n         represented in any other repository."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["None."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":211,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:33.003Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_vircu00053_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: President/Executive Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1920-1944","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05","parent_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series V: Virginia League of Women Voters, undated, 1915-1967"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: President/Executive Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1920-1944","title_ssm":["Subseries A: President/Executive Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1920-1944"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: President/Executive Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1920-1944"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: President/Executive Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1920-1944"],"text":["Subseries A: President/Executive Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1920-1944","Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series V: Virginia League of Women Voters, undated, 1915-1967"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series V: Virginia League of Women Voters, undated, 1915-1967"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series V: Virginia League of Women Voters, undated, 1915-1967"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1258,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":79,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c05_c01"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03_c01","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"Subseries A: President/Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1909-1920","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03_c01"],"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03","parent_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03","parent_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series III: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, undated, 1892-1926"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","vircu_repositories_5_resources_279_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Subseries A: President/Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1909-1920","title_ssm":["Subseries A: President/Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1909-1920"],"title_tesim":["Subseries A: President/Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1909-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Subseries A: President/Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1909-1920"],"text":["Subseries A: President/Secretary Correspondence, undated, 1909-1920","Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series III: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, undated, 1892-1926"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series III: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, undated, 1892-1926"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","Series III: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, undated, 1892-1926"],"level_ssm":["Sub-Series"],"level_ssim":["Sub-series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":806,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":85,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:00.221Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a Richmond News-Leader, Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the Richmond Times-Dispatch,  November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of Richmond Times-Dispatch,  January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. 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